高考英语专题之动名词

动名词

语法图解

探究发现

①Playing with fire is dangerous.

②It is no good learning a theory without practice.

③Others try to create advertisements that people simply enjoy looking a t.

④The classic advertisement is one that gives information about finding certain products.

⑤ ... a lot of money is spending on applying modern techniques of design to make these advertisements as visually attractive as possible.

⑥His hobby is watching football games.

⑦For example, it could be “Shanghai Sewing Machine” ...

[我的发现]

(1)句①和句②均为动名词作主语，只不过句②先用it作形式主语，真正主语动名词短语后置。

(2)句③、句④和句⑤均是动名词作宾语，句③中动名词作动词宾语，句④和句⑤中动名词作介词宾语。

(3)句⑥中动名词作表语；句⑦中动名词作定语，说明被修饰名词的用途。

一、动名词的定义

动名词是动词的另一种非谓语形式。动名词具有名词和动词的特征。

二、动名词的基本形式

动名词由动词原形加词尾-ing构成，与现在分词形式相同。动名词具有时态和语态的变化，现以learn 为例列表如下：

主动语态被动语态

一般式learning being learned

完成式having learned having been learned

1.动名词的一般式。

结构：主动用doing；被动用being done

动名词的一般式可以表示没有时间先后的动作，即没有明确过去、现在或将来的动作；也可以表示发生在谓语动词之前的动作；有时还可指发生在谓语动词之后的动作。

Going to bed early and rising early is a good habit.

早睡早起是个好习惯。(没有明确的时间)

I don’t remember ever meeting you somewhere.

我不记得原来在什么地方见过你。(发生在谓语动词之前)

Doctors advise giving up smoking.

医生建议戒烟。(发生在谓语动词之后)

2．动名词的完成式：表示动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。

结构：主动用having done；被动用having been done

The old man thanked me for having helped him find his relative’s house.

那位老人感谢我帮他找到亲戚的家。

I don’t remember having ever been given a chance to do it.

我不记得曾被给予做这件事的机会。

3．动名词的否定式：由“not＋动名词”构成。

She regretted not listening to you, which caused this mistake.

她后悔没有听你的话，导致了这一错误。

His not having done his homework made his teacher very angry.

他没有完成作业使老师很生气。

[即时演练1]完成句子

①____________________________________ can help you improve your learning effectively.

养成良好的学习习惯能帮助你有效地改进你的学习。

②____________________________________ when they heard the funny story.

听到这个滑稽的故事，孩子们忍不住笑了。

③Thank you for ______________________________________.

谢谢你给了我这么多的帮助。

④She regretted ____________________________________.

她后悔没看那个电影。

⑤No one ________________________________ in public.

没有人喜欢当众被嘲笑。

三、动名词的句法功能

动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。

1．作主语

Reading aloud is a good way in learning a language.

大声朗读是学习语言的一个好办法。

Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffer.

在这种条件下工作不是愉快而是痛苦。

[课堂点津](1)在It is no use/no good/useless/worthwhile/a waste of time/fun doing sth.句型中，用it作形式主语，后面的动名词作真正的主语。

It’s no use complaining without taking any action.

不采取行动而只是抱怨是没有用的。

It is a waste of time talking about such useless things.

谈论这些没用的事情是在浪费时间。