1：形容词和副词

语法复习十五：形容词和副词

比较级和最高级及其使用

副词的比较级和最高级

1．大多数以ly结尾的副词前加more 和most 来构成比较级和最高级。

2．少数单音节副词，加er,est 构成其比较级和最高级。

比较级结构的修饰语

1．用于原级之前：

almost, nearly, just, exactly, quite, half , twice, three times , a third, etc.

John is almost as tall as you.

The river is three times as long as that one.

We have a third as many students as we had last term.

2．用于比较级前many, a few (用于"more +可数名词"前)

It takes many more hours to go there by train than by plane.

a lot, much , a bit, even, a little , still, a great deal, far, rather, two years, ten percent, three times etc.

It's cold this year, but it's even colder last year.

We produced 6% more grain this year than we did last year.

3．用于形容词和最高级前the very , much the ,by far the ,the first/second

This hat is by far the largest in the world.

Gold is the very most valuable of all materials .

位置与功能

重点要求

1．掌握形容词、副词比较级、最高级的常用句型及用法

2．掌握形容词、副词的原级、比较级和最高级修饰语及倍数的比较表达。

3．注意多个形容词修饰同一名词的前后顺序。

4．分清常用同义与近义形容词在表达中的语义差别。

此项语法内容从1991年到达2001年间共出现45次，可见其重要。

形容词作用与位置

1．定语。

在名词前做定语，为最常见用法。请注意多个形容词（含其它起形容词作用的词）做前置定

语的顺序。

"县官行令杀国才。"这一句就概述了形容词顺序问题。即：

限（冠词[物主代词、指示代词]数词等）观（描绘）形（大小、形状等）龄（年龄、新旧等）色（色彩）国（国籍、出处等）材（材料、功用等）

an interesting English film / a heavy black Chinese silk umbrella

做后置定语。修饰由不定代词no ,any, some ，every和one, thing等构成的复合词或形容词短语。

2．表语。一定要注意系动词的出现情况。

常见系动词有：be

变化系词：become, get ,turn, grow, go

保持系词：keep ,remain, stay

感观系词：look, smell , taste, feel, sound, appear , seem ,prove etc.

3.形容词作状语，表状况、原因、结果等。这也是应注意的一点。

He went to bed , cold and hungry.

4.做宾补。

N：①某些以a 开始的形容词只做表语，不做定语。

afraid, alike, alone, asleep ,awake，alive

②某些表身体健康状况的形容词只能做表语,不做定语

well, ill , faint

③某些以-ly 结尾的词是形容词而不是副词。

friendly, lively, lovely, lonely, likely, deadly, orderly 等。

④复合形容词的形式问题。

an 800-meter-wide river; an English-speaking country; a middle-aged man

副词

位置

1）时间副词和地点副词一般放于句尾。如同时出现，则地点副词在前。

They went boating in Zhongshan Park yesterday.

2)表频率的时间副词是考试的热点

always, seldom, often, never, rarely, usually 等，通常放于行为动词之前，be词、情态动词和助动词之后。

He is always telling lies, so I will never believe him.

3)程度副词一般放在被修饰词之前（但enough除外）

He is very young , so he is not old enough to go to school.

N:有些副词有两种形式，一个与形容词同形，一个以ly 结尾，但它们的含义是不同的。

closely-close; nearly-near; freely-free; deeply-deep; highly-high; widely-wide 等。

以ly 结尾的词表较为抽象的含义，而与形容词同形的副词则表较为具体的概念。

He is highly praised for what he has done. (高度地)

He can see a bird is flying high in the sky.（飞得高，具有可见性）