Capacity_MChannel_WLANs

合集下载

iwconfig：查看无线网卡的发射功率、链路质量等参数

iwconfig：查看⽆线⽹卡的发射功率、链路质量等参数⽤法：root@ubuntu:/home/zinkin# iwconfig wlan2wlan2 IEEE 802.11bg ESSID:"TP-LINK_316"Mode:Managed Frequency:2.437 GHz Access Point: EC:88:8F:FD:B0:D3Bit Rate=24 Mb/s Tx-Power=13 dBmRetry long limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:offEncryption key:offPower Management:onLink Quality=54/70 Signal level=-56 dBmRx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0Tx excessive retries:0 Invalid misc:0 Missed beacon:0以下引⽤⾃百度百科：参数：essid：设置⽆线⽹卡的ESSID(Extension Service Set ID)。

通过ESSID来区分不同的⽆线⽹络，正常情况下只有相同ESSID的⽆线站点才可以互相通讯，除⾮想监听⽆线⽹络。

其后的参数为双引号括起的ESSID字符串，或者是any/on/off，如果ESSID字符串中包含any/on/off，则需要在前⾯加"--"。

⽰例：#iwconfig eth0 essid any 允许任何ESSID，也就是混杂模式#iwconfig eth0 essid "My Network" 设置ESSID为"My Network"#iwconfig eth0 essid -- "ANY" 设置ESSID为"ANY"nwid: Network ID，只⽤于pre-802.11的⽆线⽹卡，802.11⽹卡利⽤ESSID和AP 的MAC地址来替换nwid，现在基本上不⽤设置。

海康威视错误代码大全

设备网络SDK开发使用手册NET_DVR_GetLastError返回最后操作的错误码。

DWORD NET_DVR_GetLastError();Return Values返回值为错误码。

错误码主要分为网络通讯库、RTSP通讯库、软硬解库、语音对讲库等错误码，详见下表。

网络通讯库错误码错误类型错误值错误信息NET_DVR_NOERROR0没有错误。

NET_DVR_PASSWORD_ERROR1用户名密码错误。

注册时输入的用户名或者密码错误。

NET_DVR_NOENOUGHPRI2权限不足。

一般和通道相关，例如有预览通道1权限，无预览通道2权限，即有预览权限但不完全，预览通道2返回此错误。

NET_DVR_NOINIT3SDK未初始化。

NET_DVR_CHANNEL_ERROR4通道号错误。

设备没有对应的通道号。

NET_DVR_OVER_MAXLINK5设备总的连接数超过最大。

NET_DVR_VERSIONNOMATCH6版本不匹配。

SDK和设备的版本不匹配。

NET_DVR_NETWORK_FAIL_CONNECT7连接设备失败。

设备不在线或网络原因引起的连接超时等。

NET_DVR_NETWORK_SEND_ERROR8向设备发送失败。

NET_DVR_NETWORK_RECV_ERROR9从设备接收数据失败。

NET_DVR_NETWORK_RECV_TIMEOUT10从设备接收数据超时。

NET_DVR_NETWORK_ERRORDATA11传送的数据有误。

发送给设备或者从设备接收到的数据错误，如远程参数配置时输入设备不支持的值。

NET_DVR_ORDER_ERROR12调用次序错误。

NET_DVR_OPERNOPERMIT13无此权限。

用户对某个功能模块的权限，例如无预览权限用户预览返回此错误。

NET_DVR_COMMANDTIMEOUT14设备命令执行超时。

NET_DVR_ERRORSERIALPORT15串口号错误。

WLAN TX_RX 无线局域网

// Get response message
if (strstr(buffer, “?”))
{
int readN =0;
memset (scpiRxBuffer,’\0’,SCPI_RX_BUFFER_SIZE);// clear response buffer
while (timeOut()) // timeOut condition , implementation not shown here
MIMO HW Configuration.................................................................................................. 4
LitePoint WLAN TX_RX Programming Guide 1
// if last character is not a carriage return, adding one if (buffer[strlen(buffer)-1]!=’\n’) strcat(buffer, “\n”);
// Send SCPI command status = send( ConnectSocket, buffer, (int)strlen(buffer), 0 );
{
readN++;
memset (buffer,’\0’,MAX_COMMAND_LEN);
rxLen = recv(ConnectSocket, buffer, MAX_COMMAND_LEN-1, 0);
printf(“readN= %d, rxLen = %d,-->[%s]\n”,readN, rxLen,buffer);

mtkwifidriver驱动的分析

管理篇接收到扫描完毕nicRxSDIOAggReceiveRFBssdio有两个通道，两个通道获取数据的流程是一样的，1）通过prEnhDataStr->rRxInfo.u.u2NumValidRx0Len可以获取到该通道目前存储有多少数据包，通道数据包的存储量只有16个，如果超过16个则是固件问题，跳过看下一个通道的2）然后获取当前freeswrfb空闲空间是否够用，不够用则看下一个通道的。

3）可接收的聚合报文（管理帧）长度（u4RxAvailAggLen）为23524）循环遍历某个通道的报文，读到报文长度+4 然后按照4个字节对齐从u4RxAvailAggLen 扣减掉。

如果空间不够则跳出。

5）遍历完之后用2352减去u4RxAvailAggLen 可以得到总的数据长度通过dma获取数据到prRxCtrl->pucRxCoalescingBufPtr中1）6）遍历通道中报文数，把每个报文拷贝到prSwRfb->pucRecvBuff中，并且填充prSwRfb->ucPacketType和prSwRfb->ucStaRecIdx2）nicRxSetupRFB3）如果prSwRfb->pvPacket为空，则先将prSwRfb置成0，然后按照2352分配sk_buff，prSwRfb->pucRecvBuff指向skb->data，prSwRfb->pvPacket指向skb1)同时，prSwRfb->prHifRxHdr指向skb->data首部。

2)nicRxFillRFB3)从prHifRxHdr->ucHerderLenOffset获取出header的offset和MACHeaderLen4)设置prSwRfb->pvHeader指向skb->data越过prHifRxHdr + HIF_RX_HDR_SIZE + u4HeaderOffset，指向的将是beacon帧结构5)重置prSwRfb->u2HeaderLen=u4MacHeaderLen 和prSwRfb->u2PacketLen为原来skb->data长度减去(HIF_RX_HDR_SIZE + u4HeaderOffset)MacHeader 如下图：nicAddScanResult该函数分为replace和add部分，先讲解add部分Add1）如果prAdapter->rWlanInfo.u4ScanResultNum小于63则继续往下走2）先将prAdapter->rWlanInfo.arScanResult[i]到aucIE之前的部分设置为03）设置prAdapter->rWlanInfo.arScanResult[i].u4Length为aucIE之前的部分的长度+IE的长度4）拷贝mac地址到prAdapter->rWlanInfo.arScanResult[i].arMacAddress5）拷贝ssid到prAdapter->rWlanInfo.arScanResult[i].rSsid.aucSsid6）设置u4Privacy、rRssi、eNetworkTypeInUse、eOpMode等7）拷贝prConfiguration到prAdapter->rWlanInfo.arScanResult[i].rConfiguration中8）拷贝rSupportedRates到prAdapter->rWlanInfo.arScanResult[i].rSupportedRates中9）拷贝u2IELength到prAdapter->rWlanInfo.arScanResult[i].u4IELength10)如果u2IELength大于0 则检查aucScanIEBuf是否够放下当前bssdesc的IE部分，如果可以的话，则拷贝到aucScanIEBuf[prAdapter->rWlanInfo.u4ScanIEBufferUsage]，然后设置指针到apucScanResultIEs[i]中，接下来重置u4ScanIEBufferUsage的值。

电子行业英文缩写

电子行业英文缩写1.ATM（Asynchronous Transfer Mode）: 异步转移模式。

将话音、图像、数据、视频等多种业务数字化后转换成长度相同的分组（信元），包括信息域和元头，根据元头的信息进行传送。

2.HAD（High Density Architectures ）: 高密度结构3.EDA（Electronic Design Automation）: 电子设计自动化4.DWDM（Dense Wavelength-Division Multiplexing）: 密集波分复用5.WDM（Wavelength-Division Multiplexing）: 波分复用光纤传输技术，是在一根光纤上使用不同的波长传输多种光信号。

6.SR（Software Radio）: 软件无线电是用宽带无线接收机来代替原来的窄带接收机，同时把电台的功能尽可能多地采用软件来实现。

7.FR（Frame Relay）: 帧中继它是在数据发送到数据链路层后，以帧为单位进行传送，传送时不作分组的重发处理，大大简化了处理的过程、提高了效率。

8.AON （All Optical Network）: 全光网络指信号仅在进出网络时才进行电/光和光/电的变换，而在网络中传输和交换的过程中始终以光的形式存在。

9.VPN（Virtual Private Network）: 虚拟专网指依靠ISP和其他NSP（网络服务提供者）在公用网络建立专用的数据通信网络。

10.Ethernet : 以太网它是一种可以随机存取的计算机典型局域网11.GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) : 移动通信的通用系统它是第二代数字无线网络，占有世界上70%数字移动通信市场。

它的家族包括有GPRS，EDGE和3GSM12.EDGE (Enhanced Data for GSM Evolution) : 增强数据速率的GS M 它是在GS M核心网上提供增强速率，能够在移动时下载射频图像，音乐，全媒体信息和高速彩色互联网接入。

CentOS安装和配置无线网卡指南

CentOS安装和配置无线网卡指南1.下载网卡驱动程序；2.安装无线网卡驱动程序；3.配置无线拨号配置；4.注意事项。

1，到/madwifi-hal-0.10.5.6下载最新的madwifi- hal-0.10.5.6文件,如madwifi-hal-0.10.5.6-r4016-20200429.tar.gz；2，解压后.gz文件后用make && make install编译安装，最好从头启动一下；3，确保以下类似信息的存在：[simonsun@magic ~]$ /sbin/lspci | grep Ethernet02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller (rev 02)06:00.0 Ethernet controller: Atheros Communications Inc. AR242x 802.11abg Wireless PCI Express Adapter (rev 01)[simonsun@magic ~]$ dmesg | grep "HAL"[simonsun@magic ~]$ /sbin/lsmod | grep athdm_multipath 24013 0scsi_dh 11713 1 dm_multipathath_rate_sample 16256 1ath_pci 230844 0wlan 203760 5 wlan_tkip,wlan_scan_sta,ath_rate_sample,ath_pci ath_hal 305632 3 ath_rate_sample,ath_pcidm_mod 62201 11dm_multipath,dm_raid45,dm_snapshot,dm_zero,dm_mirror,dm_log [simonsun@magic ~]$ /sbin/iwlistUsage: iwlist [interface] scanning[interface] frequency[interface] channel[interface] bitrate[interface] rate[interface] encryption[interface] key[interface] power[interface] txpower[interface] retry[interface] ap[interface] accesspoints[interface] peers[interface] event[simonsun@magic ~]$即：网卡是不是检测到、网卡驱动是不是被系统识别、是不是有错误信息等。

中兴 ZXR10 5950-L 系列交换机数据手册说明书

ZTE ZXR10 5950-L Series Switch Data Sheet Updated: Dec 23, 2016Product OverviewThe ZXR10 5950-L Series switch is 1RU height all gigabit routing stackable switch for carrier access and aggregation scenarios. It provides up to 52 interfaces (48 GE+ 4 10GE). With VSC2.0 (Virtual Switch Cluster), it delivers improved resilience and flexibility. The ZXR10 5950-L Series switch supports full IEEE 802.3at Power over Ethernet Plus (PoE+) to fulfill more carrier access scenarios. Zero-touch provisioning, IEEE 802.3az Energy Efficient Ethernet (EEE) make the network not only easy for maintenance but also low consumption.The ZXR10 5950-L Series switch offers the following switch products:5950-28TD-L 5950-52TD-L5950-28TD-L: 24 Ethernet 10/100/1000M RJ45 electrical ports, 4 10GE SFP+ optical ports, 2 AC/DC power supply modules.5950-52TD-L: 48 Ethernet 10/100/1000M RJ45 electrical ports, 4 10GE SFP+ optical ports, 2 AC/DC power supply modules.5950-28PD-L 5950-52PD-L5950-28PD-L: 24 Ethernet 10/100/1000M RJ45 electrical ports (POE/POE+), 4 10GE SFP+ optical ports, 1 Fan Module, 2 AC/DC/HVDC power supply modules.5950-52PD-L: 48 Ethernet 10/100/1000M RJ45 electrical ports (POE/POE+), 4 10GE SFP+ optical ports, 1 Fan Module, 2 AC/DC/HVDC power supply modules.5950-28SD-L5950-28SD-L: 24 GE SFP optical ports, 4 10GE SFP+ optical ports, 1 Fan Module, 2 AC/DC/ HVDC power supply modules.Product Features•Powerful Service Bearing Capability-By supporting rich L2 switching and L3 routing functions and low latency forwarding, The ZXR10 5950-L Series switch can bear multiservice including WLAN, Internet, Voice,Video and other data services.-The ZXR10 5950-L Series switch supports comprehensive L2/L3 Multicast protocols: PIM-SM, PIM-DM, PIM-SSM, MLD, IGMP Snooping, Filtering, Proxy and Fast leave,MVR (Multicast VLAN Registration) to facilitate the deployments of these services. WithIPTV control implemented, operators can apply different CAC (channel access control)rules for users with channel packages.-Support POE/POE+, which delivers customer more flexible service access choice.-Flexible hardware forwarding table distribution, customers can configure the size of ARP table, MAC table according to actual need, to satisfy more application scenarios.•Innovative VSC2.0 (Virtual Switch Cluster) Technology-Support VSC2.0 (Virtual Switch Cluster), which enhances cluster system capacity and port density, simplifies network topology and management.-Real time hot-standby information synchronization between master and backup master to ensure seamless switchover against network failures, enhancing the networkreliability.-Stacking bandwidth between the VSC switches can be up to 80Gbps, which can solve the bandwidth bottleneck of VSC and deliver customers a real-time non-blocking VSCsystem.-Master and slave in VSC works in 1+N redundancy mode, MAD (Multi-active Detect) technology is used to detect and avoid dual master in VSC system when failure happens.Together with real-time hot-standby and seamless switchover it brings customer a moreflexible VSC network.•Comprehensive IPv6 Features-Support rich IPv6 unicast routing protocols: IPv6 static routing, RIPng, OSPFv3, IS-ISv6, and BGP4+ and multicast features: MLD v1/v2, MLD snooping, PIMv6,etc.-Support rich IPv4-to-IPv6 tunnel technologies: IPv6 manual tunnels, 6-to-4 tunnel, ISATAP tunnel and IPv4-compatible automatic tunnels, etc.•Flexible POE/POE+-Support POE and POE+ complying with the 802.3at and 802.3af standard to provide power supply for remote devices (including IP phones, WLAN APs, and networkcameras) through twisted-pair cables.-Support forcible power supply and could supply power for PD equipments that not compatible with 802.3af and 802.3at standards if needed.-Support configuring the POE time range. During the time that doesn’t need power supply, power supply can be stopped automatically to save energy.-Support PD port power detection. If the actual power is greater than the PSE-distributed power, stops providing power supply.-Support displaying the PSE power supply status and PD power supply status, such as whether power supply is provided, power, level, and temperature.•Carrier-Class Reliability, Multi-Dimensional Security-The ZXR10 5950-L Series switch supports ZESR+ Ethernet ring protection and ERPS, which can deliver the fast system recovery from any link or node fault-Support various authentication methods such as 802.1x, Radius, TACACS+. Support CPU overload protection, anti-DDOS, deliver customer a security network.•Low OPEX , Green for More-The innovative M-Button delivers instant trouble-shooting by reading indicators on front panel without login via terminal. It helps customer solve some common problemsimmediately.-Support IEEE 802.3az EEE (Energy Efficient Ethernet). Via chip-grade power management, interfaces can automatically sleep when no traffic.-The fan speed can be automatically adjusted by 5 levels in accordance with the temperature inside the switch. It not only saves the power consumption, but also reduces the noise and extends the life cycle of fans.-Complying with ROHS, WEEE and ISO14001 certification, No plumbum (Pb) in not only product materials but also the whole processing technic. Meanwhile, use re-cycledegradable packing materials, practice green for more.System SpecificationService SpecificationApplication ScenarioAccess and Aggregation in Carrier NetworkThe ZXR10 5950-L Series switch supports VSC2.0 and POE/POE+, they can be applied in multiple scenarios including carrier access. Below is an example of typical application.Order Information MainframePower ModuleFan ModuleNO. 55, Hi-tech Road South,ShenZhen,P. R. China Postcode: 518057Web: Tel: +86-755-26770000Fax: +86-755-26771999。

AT指令说明

1.1.1.4 错误代码
值 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -10 -11 -12 -13 -100
表 6-1 错误代码含义
无效的命令格式命令不支持无效的操作符无效的参数操作不允许内存不足 FLASH 错误加入网络失败无可用 socket 无效的 socket Socket 连接失败未定义错误
格式说明 <>：表示必须包含的部分 []：表示可选的部分
命令消息 AT+<CMD>[op][para1],[para2], [para3] ,[para4]…<CR> AT+：命令消息前缀 CMD：指令字符串 [op]：指令操作符，当命令需要带参数时，可以指定参数的操作类型，包括， =，参数/返回值前导符 =!，在设置参数类命令中，表示将修改同步至 flash =?，在设置参数类命令中，查询当前设置 <CR>：回车，ascii 字符 0x0d
1.2.2.6 AT+SKSND 功能：
通过指定的 socket 发送数据，完成后返回。此命令使用二进制格式发送数据，用户应在接收到模块的响应消息（+OK）之后再开始发送原始数据。模块接收完指定长度的数据后自动结束数据传输阶段，并将数据发送到网络上，多余的数据将被丢弃。否则，模块在等待超时（1s）后，强制结束数据传输阶段并将已经接收到的数据发送到网络上。格式：
AT+LKSTT<CR>
+OK[=status,ip,netmask,gateway,dns]<CR><LF><CR><LF>
参数：
status: 连接状态
表 6-5 连接状态

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CapacityofMulti-ChannelWirelessNetworks:ImpactofNumberofChannelsandInterfaces

PradeepKyasanurDept.ofComputerScience,andCoordinatedScienceLaboratory,UniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-Champaignkyasanur@uiuc.eduNitinH.VaidyaDept.ofElectricalandComputerEng.,andCoordinatedScienceLaboratory,UniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-Champaign

nhv@uiuc.edu

ABSTRACTThispaperstudieshowthecapacityofastaticmulti-channelnetworkscalesasthenumberofnodes,n,increases.GuptaandKumarhavedeterminedthecapacityofsingle-channelnetworks,andthoseboundsareapplicabletomulti-channelnetworksaswell,providedeachnodeinthenetworkhasadedicatedinterfaceperchannel.Inthiswork,weestablishthecapacityofgeneralmulti-channelnetworkswhereinthenumberofinterfaces,m,maybesmallerthanthenumberofchannels,c.Weshowthatthecapacityofmulti-channelnetworksexhibitsdiﬀerentboundsthataredependentontheratiobetweencandm.Whenthenumberofinterfacespernodeissmallerthanthenumberofchannels,thereisadegradationinthenetworkcapacityinmanyscenarios.However,oneimportantexceptionisarandomnetworkwithuptoO(logn)channels,whereinthenetworkcapacityremainsattheGuptaandKumarboundofΘWnlognbits/sec,independentofthenumberofin-terfacesavailableateachnode.Sinceinmanypracticalnetworks,numberofchannelsavailableissmall(e.g.,IEEE802.11networks),thisboundisofpracticalinterest.Thisimpliesthatitmaybepossibletobuildcapacity-optimalmulti-channelnetworkswithasfewasoneinterfacepernode.Wealsoextendourmodeltoconsidertheimpactofinterfaceswitchingdelay,andshowthatinarandomnet-workwithuptoO(logn)channels,switchingdelaymaynotaﬀectcapacityifmultipleinterfacesareused.CategoriesandSubjectDescriptorsC.2.1[Computer-CommunicationNetworks]:NetworkArchitectureandDesign—WirelesscommunicationGeneralTermsTheory,PerformancePermissiontomakedigitalorhardcopiesofallorpartofthisworkforpersonalorclassroomuseisgrantedwithoutfeeprovidedthatcopiesarenotmadeordistributedforproﬁtorcommercialadvantageandthatcopiesbearthisnoticeandthefullcitationontheﬁrstpage.Tocopyotherwise,torepublish,topostonserversortoredistributetolists,requirespriorspeciﬁcpermissionand/orafee.MobiCom’05,August28–September2,2005,Cologne,Germany.Copyright2005ACM1-59593-020-5/05/0008...$5.00.KeywordsCapacity,MultipleChannels,MultipleInterfaces,Adhocnetworks,Meshnetworks

1.INTRODUCTIONPreviousresearch(e.g.,[9,10])hascharacterizedtheca-pacityofwirelessnetworks.Oneapproachforenhancingthenetworkcapacityistousemultiplechannels.Pastresearchonwirelessnetworkcapacityhastypicallyconsideredwire-lessnetworkswithasinglechannel,althoughtheresultsareapplicabletoawirelessnetworkwithmultiplechannelsaswell,providedthatateachnodethereisadedicatedinter-faceperchannel.Withadedicatedinterfaceperchannel,anodecanusealltheavailablechannelssimultaneously.How-ever,thenumberofavailablechannelsinawirelessnetworkcanbefairlylarge(e.g.,IEEE802.11a[11]hasprovisionedforupto12non-overlappingchannels),anditmaynotbefeasibletohaveadedicatedinterfaceperchannelateachnode.Whennodesarenotequippedwithadedicatedin-terfaceperchannel,thencapacitydegradationmayoccur,comparedtousingadedicatedinterfaceperchannel.Inthispaper,wecharacterizetheimpactofnumberofchan-nelsandinterfacespernodeonthenetworkcapacity,andshowthatinarandomnetworkwithuptoO(logn)chan-nels,evenwithasingleinterfacepernode,thereisnoca-pacitydegradation.Thisimpliesthatitmaybepossibletobuildcapacity-optimalmulti-channelnetworkswithasfewasoneinterfacepernode.Whenadedicatedinterfaceperchannelisnotavailable,theavailableinterfacescanpotentiallybeswitchedamongdiﬀerentchannelstouseanyoftheavailablechannels.Suchaninterfaceswitchingtechniqueisoftenusedtoimprovechannelutilization[15,22,23].However,interfaceswitchingincursadelay,whichmayreducetheachievablenetworkcapacity.Inthispaper,weincludeapreliminarystudyoftheimpactofinterfaceswitchingdelayonnetworkcapacity.WeshowthatinarandomnetworkwithuptoO(logn)channels,interfaceswitchingdelayhasnoimpactonnetworkcapacity,evenwhenthereareend-to-enddelayconstraints,providedthatafewadditionalinterfacesareprovisionedforateachnode.

1.1Modelingmulti-channelmulti-interfacenetworks

Weconsiderastaticwirelessnetworkcontainingnnodes.Weusetheterm“channel”torefertoapartofthefre-

43quencyspectrumwithsomespeciﬁedbandwidth.Therearecchannels,andweassumethateverynodeisequippedwithminterfaces,1≤m≤c.Weassumethataninterfaceiscapableoftransmittingorreceivingdataonanyonechannelatagiventime.Weusethenotation(m,c)-networktorefertoanetworkwithminterfacespernode,andcchannels.Wedeﬁnetwochannelmodelstorepresentthedataratesupportedbyeachchannel: