2015Summary
summary范文
Summary范文引言本文将以一篇范文的形式介绍如何撰写一个完整的summary，并通过使用Markdown文本格式进行展示。
summary是对某个主题或文章进行简洁、准确的描述和总结。
通过阅读本文，读者将了解到如何组织summary的结构、选择重要信息以及使用合适的语言描述等技巧。
正文1. 选择合适的文章选择一个合适的文章是撰写summary的第一步。
这篇文章应该与要写的summary的主题相关，并且内容应当丰富、有足够的信息量。
文章可以从报纸、杂志、学术论文等各种渠道获取。
2. 阅读并理解文章在开始撰写summary之前，首先需要仔细阅读并理解所选择的文章。
对文章的主题、结构和观点有清晰的理解是撰写一个好的summary的重要基础。
3. 确定summary的结构一个有效的summary应该有清晰的结构，包括引言、主要内容和结论三个部分。
引言部分应该简要介绍文章的主题和目的；主要内容部分应该总结文章的核心观点和关键信息；结论部分则总结summary的要点。
4. 提取关键信息在总结文章内容时，需要提取并准确表达关键信息。
关键信息通常包括文章的主题、目的、观点、论证和结论等。
对重要的信息进行概括和精炼是写好一个summary的重要技巧。
5. 使用准确的语言描述一个好的summary应该使用简洁、准确的语言描述文章的内容。
避免使用术语、俚语或复杂的句子结构。
选择恰当的词汇和句式可以增强summary的可读性和理解性。
6. 使用Markdown文本格式Markdown是一种轻量级的标记语言，广泛用于撰写文档和博客。
使用Markdown文本格式可以使summary更加清晰、易读，并且方便转换成其他格式。
以下是一个使用Markdown 格式写的summary的示例：引言：这篇文章是关于阅读的益处以及为什么阅读对每个人都很重要的。
文章强调了阅读对个人发展和思维能力的积极影响。
主要内容：文章指出了阅读对人类大脑的益处，包括拓宽视野、增强思维能力和提高语言表达能力。
summary 范文
Original:My neighbor's children love playing hide-and-seek as all children do, but no one imagine that a game they played last week would be reported in the local newspaper.One afternoon, they were playing in the vacant lot down the corner. Young Paul, who is only five years old, found the perfect place to hide. His sister, Natalie, had shut her eyes and was counting to ten when Paul noticed the storage mail box at the corner and saw that the metal door was standing open. The mailman had just taken out several sacks of mail and had carried them to his truck which was standing at the curb a few feet away. Paul climbed into the storage box and pulled the door closed so hard that it locked. Soon realizing what he had done, he became frightened and started crying. Meanwhile, Natalie was looking for him everywhere but could not find him. It was lucky that she happened to pause at the corner for a minute and heard her brother's cries. She immediately ran to tell the mailman who hurried back from his truck to unlock the metal door. Paul was now free, but he had had such a bad scare that he could not stop crying. The mailman, however, soon found a way of making him laugh again. He told him that the next time he wanted to hide in a mail box, he should remember to put a stamp on himself!Summary:The children were playing hide-and-seek in a vacant lot one afternoon. Finding that the storage mailbox had been left open, Paul hid and locked himself in it accidentally. His sister, Natalie, heard his cries and realized where he was hiding, so she immediately told the mailman to unlock the metal door. After letting him out, the mailman made him stop crying by telling him to put a stamp on himself the next he wanted to hide in a mailbox.Original:Why do some animals die out?In the past two hundred years people have caused many kinds of animals to die out--to become extinct. People keep building houses and factories in fields and woods. As they spread over the land, they destroy animals' homes. If the animals can't find a place to live, they die out. Sixteen kinds of Hawaiian birds have become extinct for this reason. Other animals, such as the Florida Key deer, may soon die out because they are losing their homes.Hunters have caused some animals to become extinct, too. In the last century, hunters killed all the passenger pigeons in North America and most of the buffalos.Today they are fast killing off hawks and wolves. Pollution is killing many animals today, too. As rivers become polluted, fish are poisoned. Many die. Birds that eat the poisoned fish can't lay strong, healthy eggs. New birds aren’t born. So far, no animals have become extinct because of pollution. But some, such as the bald eagle and the brown pelican, have become rare and may die out.Scientists think that some animals become extinct because of changes in climate. The places where they live become hotter or cooler, drier or wetter. The food that they eat cannot grow there any more. If the animals can't learn to eat something else, they die. Dinosaurs may have died out for this reason.Summary:In the past two hundred years, many kinds of animals have died out. There are several reasons for it. First, people keep building houses and factories in fields and woods, which destroys animals' homes. Then, hunters' killing has also caused some animals to become extinct. Besides, some animals aren't able to bear strong offspring and nor do they have enough food to eat because of pollution and climatic changes.Love languagesDo you know love what “love languages” are? Love languages are different ways that people show their love to others. We all want to have relationships where we can show our love to others and have them communicate love to us in return. In order to be successful in communicating love, we need to understand what the different love languages are. There are five important love languages that people need to know about to communicate effectively with others.The first love language is Quality Time which refers to spending time together with the person you are trying to show your love to. This love language will cause people to feel loved when they are taken out on special dates, when their friend changes their schedules to be with them, or when they turn the television off to talk with them. It means giving all of your attention to another person.Another love language is Words of Attention as a way to show your love. Telling your boyfriend or girlfriend how you appreciate them, encouraging them, and through words praising them will show people that you love them. Telling someone “I believe in you” can really make someone feel loved. With this love language you can express yourself through both spoken and written words.Gifts is another type of love language. Gifts are not just material objects, they are expressions of your love. The most important aspect is not the cost, but the fact that you were thinking of them and spent the time to go and buy them a gift. Big or little, your gift will be a symbol of your love for the other person.Fourth is the love language called Acts of Service which means you express your love by helping someone else. You could help them with a difficult assignment ot help them fix their bicycle when it is broken. The most important part of this love languages is taking the time to do things for them that require thought, energy and time. Don’t wait to only do what they ask you to, but volunteer to show your kindness.The last love language is Physical Touch. A simple touch on the arm, hug or backrub will convey your love to them. Sit beside them when you have the chance and hole their hand when you are walking down the street. With this love language, just being near them and showing your care through touch will make them feel very loved.Just knowing about these love languages is not enough as they way in which people feel loves by others is different. It is important to know which love language is strongest for the person you are trying to love. Sometimes if you serve them, they will feel more loved than if you give them a gift. Or perhaps holding their hand will not be as meaningful to them as if you had spent two hours together. I recommend that you find out what the love language is of the person you are trying to love. Don’t forget that there is more than just one love language. As you learn how to give and receive love, you will find that your relationships with others will be richer and more satisfying.Olympic GamesOf all the games held throughout Greece, those staged at Olympia in honor of Zeus are the most famous. The Games, like all Greek games, were an intrinsic part of a religious festival. Held every four years between August 6 and September 19, they occupied such an important place in Greek life that time was measured by the interval between them – an Olympiad. Although the first Olympic champion listed in the records was one Coroebus of Elis, a cook, who won the sprint race in 776 BC, it is generally accepted that the Games were probably at least 500 years old at that time. According to one legend, they were founded by Heracles, son of Alcmene.The Games were held at Olympia in the city-state of Elis, on a track about 32 meters (35 yards) wide. The racing length was one stade, a distance of about 192 meters (210 yards) which was one length of the track. At the meeting in 776 BC, there was apparently only one event, the stade, but other events were added over the ensuing decades. In 724 BC a two-length race, diaulos, roughly similar to the 400-meter race, was included and four years later, the dolichos, a long-distance race possibly to be compared to the modern 1500- or even 5000-meter event, was added . wresting and the pentathlon were introduced in 708BC. The latter was an all-around competition consisting of five events – the long jump, javelin throw, discus throw, foot race, and wresting.Boxing was introduced in 688 BC, and in 680 a chariot race. In 648, the pancratium, a kind of all-strength, or no-hold-barred, wresting was included. Kicking and hitting were allowed; only biting and gouging (thrusting a finger ot thumb into an opponent’s eye) were forbidden. Between 632 and 616 BC, events for boys were introduced. And from time to time, further events were added including contests for fully armed soldiers, for heralds, and for trumpeters. The program must have been as varied as that of the modern Olympics, although the athletics (track and field) events were limited: there was no high jumping in any form and no individual field event, except in the pentathlon.Until the 77th Olympiad (472 BC) all of the contests took place on one day; later they were spread, with, perhaps, some fluctuations, over four days, with a fifth devoted to the closing ceremony presentation of prizes and a banquet for the champions. Sources generally agree that women were not allowed as competitors or, except for the priestess of Demeter, as spectators. In most events, the athletes participated in the nude.The Olympic Games were originally restricted to free-born Greeks. The competitors, including those who came from the Greek colonies, were amateur in the sense that the only prize was a wreath or garland. The athletes underwent a most rigorous of supervised training, however, and eventually, the contestants were true professionals. Not only were there substantial prizes for winning, but the Olympic champion also received adulation and unlimited benefits from his city. Athletes became fulltime specialists –a trend that in the modern games has caused a long and bitter controversy over amateurism.Summary example:In this article, the author explains the history of some of the earliest record Olympic Games held in Greece. It is generally accepted that these Games started around 1276 BC although the first champion was recorded in 776 BC. In the first Games there was only one event, however as time went on, different events were added. Longer distance running races were first added and then other events like wresting and the pentathlon. They even added events specially for boys and armed soldiers. Originally the Games were played on one day but this changed to five days. Another aspect of the Games was that women were not allowed as competitors or spectators. The competitors were also restricted to Greeks who were not professionals. However, a trend started where athletes became full-time specialists which ahs caused a lot of controversy.The original:A third kind of thinking is stimulated when anyone questions our beliefs and opinions. We sometimes find ourselves changing our minds without any resistance or heavy emotion, but if we are told that we are wrong we resent the imputation and harden our hearts. We are incredibly heedless in the formation of our beliefs, but find ourselves filled with an illicit passion for them when anyone proposes to rob us of their companionship. It is obviously not the idea themselves that are dear to us, but our self-esteem, which is threatened. We may surrender, but rarely confess ourselves vanquished. In the intellectual world at least, peace is without victory.Few of us take the pains to study the origin of our cherished convictions; indeed, we have a natural repugnance to so doing. We like to continue to believe what we have been accustomed to accept as true, and the resentment aroused when doubt is cast upon any of our assumptions leads us seek every manner of excuse for clinging to them. The result is that most of our so-called reasoning consists in finding arguments for going on believing as we already do. Summary:❖ A third kind of thinking occurs when we are told that our beliefs and opinions are wrong. We may have been heedless in their formation, but our self-esteem will not permit us to change. We may have to give up, but we are not convinced. We donot study the origin of our beliefs; we believe as we have been accustomed tobelieve, and we seek arguments for continuing to believe as we already do.。
summary的写法（范本）
summary的写法summar y的写法 1.读懂文章读文章的时候，要养成良好的阅读习惯，划划写写，英文阅读的时候，用铅笔轻轻划出重点词汇。
认真阅读给定的原文材料。
如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。
阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。
拆分文章按照作者的思路，把文章分段，每个段落用几个词，几个短语概括。
尽量简短，精炼。
段落中心句，在段落的开头或末尾。
有时也会变态的在当中。
3.概括主旨写出文章的t hesis, 一句话概括文章的主旨。
（二）基本结构和技巧1.重新拟定标题给s ummar起一个标题。
用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。
也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。
阐述观点摘要应全部用自己的话完成。
不要引用原文的句子。
写概述的时候，如果能够明确是他人写作的文章，注意要把作者的名字放在第一句（或者是t he autho r…….）。
接着写出要阐述的ma in ideas（主要观点）和s upportin g points（对主要观点的支持）。
3.词汇运用注意概述的oher ene（连贯性），运用好tran sition o rds（过渡词）,like h oever, f urthermo re, none theless,besides, theref ore et.4.删除细节只保留主要观点。
5.选择一至两个有代表性的例子原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。
把长句变成短句，把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。
“ H e as har d up for mone an d as bei ng press ed b his reditor.”可以概括为：“He as in f inanialdiffiult ies.”“H is ourag e in bat tle migh t ithout exagger ation bealled l ion-like.”可以概括为：”Heas ver b rave inbattle.”“He as h ard up f or moneand as b eing pre ssed b h is redit or.”可以概括为：“H e as infinanial diffiul ties.”6)你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。
ResultsSummary
13 October 2015Irish Responses October 2015 Bank Lending Survey___________________________________________________________________________Results Summary:∙Credit standards were unchanged on loans to enterprises across all loan categories examined during the third quarter of 2015 and are expected to remain unchanged during the fourth quarter. Overall demand for credit from enterprises increased in the third quarter.∙Credit standards tightened with respect to lending to households for house purchases while remaining unchanged with respect to consumer credit and other lending. Household loan demand for house purchases remained unchanged in the third quarter, while increasing for consumer credit and other lending.∙Access to retail and wholesale funding sources was mostly unchanged during the third quarter of 2015 and is expected to remain unchanged during the fourth quarter of 2015. The EAPP was reported to have improved market financing conditions, but not to have had an impact on credit standards or terms and conditions to enterprises or to households.I. EnterprisesAs detailed in Table 1, credit standards were unchanged on loans to enterprises across all five categories examined during the third quarter of 2015. Consistent with this, all of the factors impacting credit standards were reported as unchanged, as were the terms and conditions offered on new loans or credit lines to enterprises.Table 1: Changes in Credit Standards on Loans to EnterprisesQ4 2014 Q1 2015 Q2 2015 Q3 2015 Enterprises: Overall 3.25 3.00 3.00 3.00Small/medium enterprises 3.25 3.00 3.00 3.00Large enterprises 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00Short-term loans 3.25 3.00 3.00 3.00Long-term loans 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00Key: 1 = tightened considerably, 2 = tightened somewhat, 3 = remained basically unchanged, 4 = eased somewhat, 5 = eased considerably.For the third successive quarter, the share of loan applications from enterprises that were completely rejected has remained unchanged. Overall loan demand from enterprises increased for the seventh successive quarter albeit at a lower rate than during late-2014/early-2015 (Table 2). Loan demand increased from SMEs and for both short- and long-term loans, while loan demand from large enterprises remained unchanged. Regarding the factors affecting loan demand, there was an increase in demand for fixed investment, which corresponds with demand for long-term loans. The other main driver of loan demand was foraccumulation of working capital. All other demand factors remained unchanged in the third quarter (Figure 1).Table 2: Changes in Loan Demand from EnterprisesQ4 2014 Q1 2015 Q2 2015 Q3 2015 Enterprises: Overall 3.75 3.50 3.25 3.25Small/medium enterprises 4.00 3.50 3.25 3.25Large enterprises 3.75 3.25 3.25 3.00Short-term loans 3.50 3.50 3.25 3.25Long-term loans 3.75 3.75 3.50 3.25Key: 1 = decreased considerably, 2 = decreased somewhat, 3 = remained basically unchanged, 4 = increased somewhat, 5 = increased considerably.Looking forward to the fourth quarter of 2015, credit standards are expected to remain unchanged in respect of loans to enterprises across all five loan categories examined. Loan demand is expected to remain constant for large enterprises once again, but to increase further overall and for SMEs.Figure 1: Changes in Loan Demand from Enterprises and Factors affecting Loan Demand.Key: A response less than 3 indicates that a factor contributed to a reduction in demand while a response greater than 3 indicates that a factor contributed to increased demand.II.HouseholdsCredit standards on loans to households for house purchases tightened during the third quarter of 2015, having tightened in the first quarter and eased marginally in the second quarter. Lending terms and conditions were also reported to have tightened, including loan-to-value ratios, other loan size limits and the margins on average loans to households for house purchase. Competition from other banks or from non-banks continues to have no impact on credit standards for house purchases (Figure 2).Figure 2: Change in Credit Standards: Lending to Households for House Purchases and Factors affecting Credit Standards.Key: A response less than 3 indicates that a factor contributed to a tightening in credit standards while a response greaterthan 3 indicates that a factor contributed to an easing in credit standards.Credit standards on loans to households with respect to consumer credit were reported to be unchanged in the third quarter, with all factors affecting credit standards reported to be unchanged. There was a reported tightening in the terms and conditions on loans to households for consumer credit in terms of loans margins. Overall, for the fourth quarter, the respondents reported an expected tightening in credit standards for house purchase and easing in credit standards for consumer credit.Table 3: Changes in Loan Demand from HouseholdsQ4 2014 Q1 2015 Q2 2015 Q3 2015 Loans for House Purchases 4.00 3.80 2.80 3.00Loans for Consumer Credit 3.60 3.40 3.60 3.60Key: 1 = decreased considerably, 2 = decreased somewhat, 3 = remained basically unchanged, 4 = increased somewhat, 5 = increased considerablyTable 3 shows that demand for mortgage lending remained unchanged in the third quarter, having fallen in the second quarter. This represented the first reported decrease in demand for loans for house purchase since the first quarter of 2012. There was a considerable increase in demand during 2014, peaking in the third quarter of 2014.Lower demand for mortgage lending in the third quarter of 2015 was attributed to the regulatory/fiscal regime of housing markets. Factors which had acted to increase demand for mortgages included consumer confidence and house price developments/prospects for the housing market.Demand for loans for household credit continued to increase in the third quarter, driven by spending on durable consumer goods and higher levels of consumer confidence. The share of household loan applications completely rejected remained unchanged in the third quarter of 2015, both in terms of consumer credit and loans for house purchases. Loan demand from households is expected to increase across both categories during the fourth quarter.III. Ad-Hoc QuestionsThe October round of the BLS included four ad-hoc questions examining (i) access to retail and wholesale funding sources and (ii - iv) the impacts of the Expanded Asset Purchase Programme (EAPP).According to responses received, access to retail funding has remained largely unchanged over the last three months. With regard to wholesale funding, there was a reported easing of market access for securitisation of home loans over the last three months and an expected further easing in the next three months.It was reported that the EAPP improved bank profitability and improved market financing conditions, particularly with regard to covered bonds and unsecured bank bonds. The EAPP is expected to continue to improve market financing over the next three months.The additional liquidity arising from the EAPP was reported to have had little impact over the past six months. Additionally, it is also expected to have little impact over the next six months. Regarding the impact of the EAPP on bank lending behaviour, it was reported that there was no impact in terms of either credit standards or terms and conditions. This followed for both enterprises and households.。
summary 范文
Original:My neighbor's children love playing hide-and-seek as all children do, but no one imagine that a game they played last week would be reported in the local newspaper.One afternoon, they were playing in the vacant lot down the corner. Young Paul, who is only five years old, found the perfect place to hide. His sister, Natalie, had shut her eyes and was counting to ten when Paul noticed the storage mail box at the corner and saw that the metal door was standing open. The mailman had just taken out several sacks of mail and had carried them to his truck which was standing at the curb a few feet away. Paul climbed into the storage box and pulled the door closed so hard that it locked. Soon realizing what he had done, he became frightened and started crying. Meanwhile, Natalie was looking for him everywhere but could not find him. It was lucky that she happened to pause at the corner for a minute and heard her brother's cries. She immediately ran to tell the mailman who hurried back from his truck to unlock the metal door. Paul was now free, but he had had such a bad scare that he could not stop crying. The mailman, however, soon found a way of making him laugh again. He told him that the next time he wanted to hide in a mail box, he should remember to put a stamp on himself!Summary:The children were playing hide-and-seek in a vacant lot one afternoon. Finding that the storage mailbox had been left open, Paul hid and locked himself in it accidentally. His sister, Natalie, heard his cries and realized where he was hiding, so she immediately told the mailman to unlock the metal door. After letting him out, the mailman made him stop crying by telling him to put a stamp on himself the next he wanted to hide in a mailbox.Original:Why do some animals die out?In the past two hundred years people have caused many kinds of animals to die out--to become extinct. People keep building houses and factories in fields and woods. As they spread over the land, they destroy animals' homes. If the animals can't find a place to live, they die out. Sixteen kinds of Hawaiian birds have become extinct for this reason. Other animals, such as the Florida Key deer, may soon die out because they are losing their homes.Hunters have caused some animals to become extinct, too. In the last century, hunters killed all the passenger pigeons in North America and most of the buffalos.Today they are fast killing off hawks and wolves. Pollution is killing many animals today, too. As rivers become polluted, fish are poisoned. Many die. Birds that eat the poisoned fish can't lay strong, healthy eggs. New birds aren’t born. So far, no animals have become extinct because of pollution. But some, such as the bald eagle and the brown pelican, have become rare and may die out.Scientists think that some animals become extinct because of changes in climate. The places where they live become hotter or cooler, drier or wetter. The food that they eat cannot grow there any more. If the animals can't learn to eat something else, they die. Dinosaurs may have died out for this reason.Summary:In the past two hundred years, many kinds of animals have died out. There are several reasons for it. First, people keep building houses and factories in fields and woods, which destroys animals' homes. Then, hunters' killing has also caused some animals to become extinct. Besides, some animals aren't able to bear strong offspring and nor do they have enough food to eat because of pollution and climatic changes.Love languagesDo you know love what “love languages” are? Love languages are different ways that people show their love to others. We all want to have relationships where we can show our love to others and have them communicate love to us in return. In order to be successful in communicating love, we need to understand what the different love languages are. There are five important love languages that people need to know about to communicate effectively with others.The first love language is Quality Time which refers to spending time together with the person you are trying to show your love to. This love language will cause people to feel loved when they are taken out on special dates, when their friend changes their schedules to be with them, or when they turn the television off to talk with them. It means giving all of your attention to another person.Another love language is Words of Attention as a way to show your love. Telling your boyfriend or girlfriend how you appreciate them, encouraging them, and through words praising them will show people that you love them. Telling someone “I believe in you” can really make someone feel loved. With this love language you can express yourself through both spoken and written words.Gifts is another type of love language. Gifts are not just material objects, they are expressions of your love. The most important aspect is not the cost, but the fact that you were thinking of them and spent the time to go and buy them a gift. Big or little, your gift will be a symbol of your love for the other person.Fourth is the love language called Acts of Service which means you express your love by helping someone else. You could help them with a difficult assignment ot help them fix their bicycle when it is broken. The most important part of this love languages is taking the time to do things for them that require thought, energy and time. Don’t wait to only do what they ask you to, but volunteer to show your kindness.The last love language is Physical Touch. A simple touch on the arm, hug or backrub will convey your love to them. Sit beside them when you have the chance and hole their hand when you are walking down the street. With this love language, just being near them and showing your care through touch will make them feel very loved.Just knowing about these love languages is not enough as they way in which people feel loves by others is different. It is important to know which love language is strongest for the person you are trying to love. Sometimes if you serve them, they will feel more loved than if you give them a gift. Or perhaps holding their hand will not be as meaningful to them as if you had spent two hours together. I recommend that you find out what the love language is of the person you are trying to love. Don’t forget that there is more than just one love language. As you learn how to give and receive love, you will find that your relationships with others will be richer and more satisfying.Olympic GamesOf all the games held throughout Greece, those staged at Olympia in honor of Zeus are the most famous. The Games, like all Greek games, were an intrinsic part of a religious festival. Held every four years between August 6 and September 19, they occupied such an important place in Greek life that time was measured by the interval between them – an Olympiad. Although the first Olympic champion listed in the records was one Coroebus of Elis, a cook, who won the sprint race in 776 BC, it is generally accepted that the Games were probably at least 500 years old at that time. According to one legend, they were founded by Heracles, son of Alcmene.The Games were held at Olympia in the city-state of Elis, on a track about 32 meters (35 yards) wide. The racing length was one stade, a distance of about 192 meters (210 yards) which was one length of the track. At the meeting in 776 BC, there was apparently only one event, the stade, but other events were added over the ensuing decades. In 724 BC a two-length race, diaulos, roughly similar to the 400-meter race, was included and four years later, the dolichos, a long-distance race possibly to be compared to the modern 1500- or even 5000-meter event, was added . wresting and the pentathlon were introduced in 708BC. The latter was an all-around competition consisting of five events – the long jump, javelin throw, discus throw, foot race, and wresting.Boxing was introduced in 688 BC, and in 680 a chariot race. In 648, the pancratium, a kind of all-strength, or no-hold-barred, wresting was included. Kicking and hitting were allowed; only biting and gouging (thrusting a finger ot thumb into an opponent’s eye) were forbidden. Between 632 and 616 BC, events for boys were introduced. And from time to time, further events were added including contests for fully armed soldiers, for heralds, and for trumpeters. The program must have been as varied as that of the modern Olympics, although the athletics (track and field) events were limited: there was no high jumping in any form and no individual field event, except in the pentathlon.Until the 77th Olympiad (472 BC) all of the contests took place on one day; later they were spread, with, perhaps, some fluctuations, over four days, with a fifth devoted to the closing ceremony presentation of prizes and a banquet for the champions. Sources generally agree that women were not allowed as competitors or, except for the priestess of Demeter, as spectators. In most events, the athletes participated in the nude.The Olympic Games were originally restricted to free-born Greeks. The competitors, including those who came from the Greek colonies, were amateur in the sense that the only prize was a wreath or garland. The athletes underwent a most rigorous of supervised training, however, and eventually, the contestants were true professionals. Not only were there substantial prizes for winning, but the Olympic champion also received adulation and unlimited benefits from his city. Athletes became fulltime specialists –a trend that in the modern games has caused a long and bitter controversy over amateurism.Summary example:In this article, the author explains the history of some of the earliest record Olympic Games held in Greece. It is generally accepted that these Games started around 1276 BC although the first champion was recorded in 776 BC. In the first Games there was only one event, however as time went on, different events were added. Longer distance running races were first added and then other events like wresting and the pentathlon. They even added events specially for boys and armed soldiers. Originally the Games were played on one day but this changed to five days. Another aspect of the Games was that women were not allowed as competitors or spectators. The competitors were also restricted to Greeks who were not professionals. However, a trend started where athletes became full-time specialists which ahs caused a lot of controversy.The original:A third kind of thinking is stimulated when anyone questions our beliefs and opinions. We sometimes find ourselves changing our minds without any resistance or heavy emotion, but if we are told that we are wrong we resent the imputation and harden our hearts. We are incredibly heedless in the formation of our beliefs, but find ourselves filled with an illicit passion for them when anyone proposes to rob us of their companionship. It is obviously not the idea themselves that are dear to us, but our self-esteem, which is threatened. We may surrender, but rarely confess ourselves vanquished. In the intellectual world at least, peace is without victory.Few of us take the pains to study the origin of our cherished convictions; indeed, we have a natural repugnance to so doing. We like to continue to believe what we have been accustomed to accept as true, and the resentment aroused when doubt is cast upon any of our assumptions leads us seek every manner of excuse for clinging to them. The result is that most of our so-called reasoning consists in finding arguments for going on believing as we already do. Summary:❖ A third kind of thinking occurs when we are told that our beliefs and opinions are wrong. We may have been heedless in their formation, but our self-esteem will not permit us to change. We may have to give up, but we are not convinced. We donot study the origin of our beliefs; we believe as we have been accustomed tobelieve, and we seek arguments for continuing to believe as we already do.。
10篇英语summary范文
10篇英语summary范文1. Summary of "Climate Change"In the article "Climate Change", the author discusses the causes and effects of global warming. He explains how human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation have led to an increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, trapping heat and causing the Earth's temperature to rise. The author also highlights the potential consequences of climate change, including rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and disruption to ecosystems. He emphasizes the urgent need for individuals, governments, and industries to take action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate the impacts of climate change.2. Summary of "The Benefits of Exercise""The Benefits of Exercise" explores the numerous advantages of physical activity on both physical and mental wellbeing. The author explains how exercise can help maintain a healthy weight, improve cardiovascular health, and boost the immune system. Furthermore, exercise has been proven to reduce stress, anxiety, and depression by releasing endorphins, which are natural mood boosters. The article concludes by encouraging readers to incorporate regular exercise into their daily routines for overall health improvement.3. Summary of "Advancements in Technology"In the article "Advancements in Technology", the author discusses the rapid progress of technology in recent years. He highlights advancements in various fields, including artificial intelligence, virtual reality, and renewable energy. The author also discusses the potential benefits and concerns associated with theseadvancements. While technology has brought efficiency and convenience, it also raises ethical questions, such as privacy and job displacement. Overall, the article emphasizes the importance of embracing and adapting to technological advancements while addressing the associated challenges.4. Summary of "The Importance of Education""The Importance of Education" emphasizes the value of education in personal and societal development. The author explains how education provides individuals with knowledge, skills, and critical thinking abilities necessary for success in various aspects of life. Additionally, education plays a crucial role in promoting equality, social cohesion, and economic growth. The article emphasizes the need for accessible and quality education for all individuals, regardless of their socio-economic backgrounds.5. Summary of "The Impact of Social Media""The Impact of Social Media" discusses the influence of platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram on society. The author explores both the positive and negative aspects of social media. On one hand, it has created new opportunities for communication, networking, and social activism. On the other hand, it has also contributed to issues such as cyberbullying, addiction, and the spread of misinformation. The article concludes by encouraging individuals to use social media responsibly and critically evaluate the information they encounter.6. Summary of "The Importance of a Balanced Diet""The Importance of a Balanced Diet" highlights the significance of consuming a variety of foods for overall health and wellbeing. Theauthor explains how a balanced diet consisting of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats provides essential nutrients that support bodily functions and prevent diseases. The article also emphasizes the need to limit the intake of processed foods, sugary drinks, and excessive amounts of salt and saturated fats. By maintaining a balanced diet, individuals can reduce the risk of chronic diseases and improve their overall quality of life.7. Summary of "The Impact of Tourism on Local Communities" "The Impact of Tourism on Local Communities" examines the positive and negative effects of tourism on the economy, environment, and culture of a destination. The author discusses how tourism can generate revenue, create job opportunities, and promote cultural exchange. However, it can also contribute to environmental degradation, exploitation of local resources, and the loss of cultural heritage. The article emphasizes the importance of sustainable tourism practices that minimize the negative impacts and benefit both tourists and local communities in the long run.8. Summary of "The Benefits of Volunteering""The Benefits of Volunteering" explores the positive effects of volunteering on both individuals and communities. The author explains how volunteering can enhance personal development, improve mental health, and promote social connections. Additionally, volunteering plays a crucial role in addressing societal issues and creating positive change. The article highlights the various ways individuals can get involved in volunteering and encourages readers to contribute their time and skills to make a difference.9. Summary of "The Dangers of Plastic Pollution""The Dangers of Plastic Pollution" sheds light on the environmental hazards posed by plastic waste. The author explains how plastic pollution affects marine life, ecosystems, and human health. He discusses the excessive consumption of single-use plastics, inadequate waste management systems, and the lack of recycling infrastructure as major contributors to the problem. The article encourages readers to reduce their plastic consumption, recycle properly, and support initiatives aimed at addressing plastic pollution.10. Summary of "The Importance of Mental Health""The Importance of Mental Health" emphasizes the significance of mental well-being in overall health and happiness. The author discusses the prevalence of mental health disorders and the stigma surrounding them. He highlights the importance of seeking help, practicing self-care, and creating a supportive environment for individuals with mental health challenges. The article encourages readers to prioritize their mental health, raise awareness, and advocate for better access to mental health services.。
英文summary作文万能模板
英文summary作文万能模板Title: The Universal Template for Writing an English Summary Essay。
Writing a summary essay in English can be a challenging task, especially if you are not familiar with the proper structure and format. However, with the right template and guidance, you can easily master the art of summarizing a text in a clear and concise manner. In this article, wewill provide you with a universal template for writing an English summary essay, along with some helpful tips and examples to help you get started.Introduction。
The introduction of your summary essay should provide some background information about the text you are summarizing. Start by introducing the author and the title of the text, and provide a brief overview of the main topic or theme. You should also include a thesis statement thatclearly states the main point or argument of the text.Body Paragraphs。
SUMMARY 格式及模板【范本模板】
SUMMARY的最常见格式是总分总。
开头笼统的介绍以下,给读者一个大概的概念，然后分段总结这个你好总结的东东的各个方面。
关键看你要写多少字，概括的是什么,再决定中间这部分是分小段还是一大段内，分开概括.最后就是总结了。
有的时候你会感觉总结和开篇介绍很相似，确实是这样，但是总结只是更近一步的对这个事物进行了概括.这个时候,读者就应该对你所总结的事物有一种整体上的认识了。
一段好的摘要必须包括main idea和supporting details.main idea说明文章的主旨，作者主要诉说的故事是关于什么？supporting details则帮助发展或说明主题.如何写英文摘要英文摘要如何写如何写摘要一、概述文章摘要是对所写文章主要内容的精炼概括。
美国人称摘要为“Abstract”,而英国人则喜欢称其为“Summary”。
通常国际刊物要求所要刊登的文章字数，包括摘要部分不超过1万字。
而对文章摘要部分的字数要求则更少.因此，写摘要时,应用最为简练的语言来表达论文之精华。
论文摘要的重点应放在所研究的成果和结论上.国际会议要求的论文摘要的字数不等，一般为200字-500字。
而国际刊物要求所刊登的论文摘要的字数通常是100字—200字.摘要的位置一般放在一篇文章的最前面，内容上涵盖全文，并直接点明全旨。
语言上要求尽量简炼。
摘要通常多采用第三人称撰写。
科学书籍、论文和学术报告一般都附有内容摘要,这样可以节省读者的时间,使他们不必读完整个文章就能够了解它的主要内容.书籍摘要，一般放在封二或封三；论文和学术报告的摘要，一般放在正文前面.摘要应做到简明扼要，切题，能独立成文，使读者能准确地了解书籍的要义。
写摘要时，最好用第三人称的完整的陈述句，文长一般不超过200个词。
摘要分陈述性的(Deｓｃｒｉｐｔive)和资料性的(Informational）两类.陈述性摘要只陈述书籍或文章的主题,不介绍内容。
资料性的摘要除了介绍主题外，还应介绍文章的要点和各个要点的主要内容。