Distribution of large-scale detachment faults on mid-ocean ridges in relation to spreading rates
SPSS术语中英文对照
SPSS术语中英文对照【常用软件】SPSS术语中英文对照Absolute deviation, 绝对离差Absolute number, 绝对数Absolute residuals, 绝对残差Acceleration array, 加速度立体阵Acceleration in an arbitrary direction, 任意方向上的加速度Acceleration normal, 法向加速度Acceleration space dimension, 加速度空间的维数Acceleration tangential, 切向加速度Acceleration vector, 加速度向量Acceptable hypothesis, 可接受假设Accumulation, 累积Accuracy, 准确度Actual frequency, 实际频数Adaptive estimator, 自适应估计量Addition, 相加Addition theorem, 加法定理Additivity, 可加性Adjusted rate, 调整率Adjusted value, 校正值Admissible error, 容许误差Aggregation, 聚集性Alternative hypothesis, 备择假设Among groups, 组间Amounts, 总量Analysis of correlation, 相关分析Analysis of covariance, 协方差分析Analysis of regression, 回归分析Analysis of time series, 时间序列分析Analysis of variance, 方差分析Angular transformation, 角转换ANOVA （analysis of variance）, 方差分析ANOVA Models, 方差分析模型Arcing, 弧/弧旋Arcsine transformation, 反正弦变换Area under the curve, 曲线面积AREG , 评估从一个时间点到下一个时间点回归相关时的误差ARIMA, 季节和非季节性单变量模型的极大似然估计Arithmetic grid paper, 算术格纸Arithmetic mean, 算术平均数Arrhenius relation, 艾恩尼斯关系Assessing fit, 拟合的评估Associative laws, 结合律Asymmetric distribution, 非对称分布Asymptotic bias, 渐近偏倚Asymptotic efficiency, 渐近效率Asymptotic variance, 渐近方差Attributable risk, 归因危险度Attribute data, 属性资料Attribution, 属性Autocorrelation, 自相关Autocorrelation of residuals, 残差的自相关Average, 平均数Average confidence interval length, 平均置信区间长度Average growth rate, 平均增长率Bar chart, 条形图Bar graph, 条形图Base period, 基期Bayes' theorem , Bayes定理Bell-shaped curve, 钟形曲线Bernoulli distribution, 伯努力分布Best-trim estimator, 最好切尾估计量Bias, 偏性Binary logistic regression, 二元逻辑斯蒂回归Binomial distribution, 二项分布Bisquare, 双平方Bivariate Correlate, 二变量相关Bivariate normal distribution, 双变量正态分布Bivariate normal population, 双变量正态总体Biweight interval, 双权区间Biweight M-estimator, 双权M估计量Block, 区组/配伍组BMDP(Biomedical computer programs), BMDP统计软件包Boxplots, 箱线图/箱尾图Breakdown bound, 崩溃界/崩溃点Canonical correlation, 典型相关Caption, 纵标目Case-control study, 病例对照研究Categorical variable, 分类变量Catenary, 悬链线Cauchy distribution, 柯西分布Cause-and-effect relationship, 因果关系Cell, 单元Censoring, 终检Center of symmetry, 对称中心Centering and scaling, 中心化和定标Central tendency, 集中趋势Central value, 中心值CHAID -χ2 Automatic Interac tion Detector, 卡方自动交互检测Chance, 机遇Chance error, 随机误差Chance variable, 随机变量Characteristic equation, 特征方程Characteristic root, 特征根Characteristic vector, 特征向量Chebshev criterion of fit, 拟合的切比雪夫准则Chernoff faces, 切尔诺夫脸谱图Chi-square test, 卡方检验/χ2检验Choleskey decomposition, 乔洛斯基分解Circle chart, 圆图Class interval, 组距Class mid-value, 组中值Class upper limit, 组上限Classified variable, 分类变量Cluster analysis, 聚类分析Cluster sampling, 整群抽样Code, 代码Coded data, 编码数据Coding, 编码Coefficient of contingency, 列联系数Coefficient of determination, 决定系数Coefficient of multiple correlation, 多重相关系数Coefficient of partial correlation, 偏相关系数Coefficient of production-moment correlation, 积差相关系数Coefficient of rank correlation, 等级相关系数Coefficient of regression, 回归系数Coefficient of skewness, 偏度系数Coefficient of variation, 变异系数Cohort study, 队列研究Column, 列Column effect, 列效应Column factor, 列因素Combination pool, 合并Combinative table, 组合表Common factor, 共性因子Common regression coefficient, 公共回归系数Common value, 共同值Common variance, 公共方差Common variation, 公共变异Communality variance, 共性方差Comparability, 可比性Comparison of bathes, 批比较Comparison value, 比较值Compartment model, 分部模型Compassion, 伸缩Complement of an event, 补事件Complete association, 完全正相关Complete dissociation, 完全不相关Complete statistics, 完备统计量Completely randomized design, 完全随机化设计Composite event, 联合事件Composite events, 复合事件Concavity, 凹性Conditional expectation, 条件期望Conditional likelihood, 条件似然Conditional probability, 条件概率Conditionally linear, 依条件线性Confidence interval, 置信区间Confidence limit, 置信限Confidence lower limit, 置信下限Confidence upper limit, 置信上限Confirmatory Factor Analysis , 验证性因子分析Confirmatory research, 证实性实验研究Confounding factor, 混杂因素Conjoint, 联合分析Consistency, 相合性Consistency check, 一致性检验Consistent asymptotically normal estimate, 相合渐近正态估计Consistent estimate, 相合估计Constrained nonlinear regression, 受约束非线性回归Constraint, 约束Contaminated distribution, 污染分布Contaminated Gausssian, 污染高斯分布Contaminated normal distribution, 污染正态分布Contamination, 污染Contamination model, 污染模型Contingency table, 列联表Contour, 边界线Contribution rate, 贡献率Control, 对照Controlled experiments, 对照实验Conventional depth, 常规深度Convolution, 卷积Corrected factor, 校正因子Corrected mean, 校正均值Correction coefficient, 校正系数Correctness, 正确性Correlation coefficient, 相关系数Correlation index, 相关指数Correspondence, 对应Counting, 计数Counts, 计数/频数Covariance, 协方差Covariant, 共变Cox Regression, Cox回归Criteria for fitting, 拟合准则Criteria of least squares, 最小二乘准则Critical ratio, 临界比Critical region, 拒绝域Critical value, 临界值Cross-over design, 交叉设计Cross-section analysis, 横断面分析Cross-section survey, 横断面调查Crosstabs , 交叉表Cross-tabulation table, 复合表Cube root, 立方根Cumulative distribution function, 分布函数Cumulative probability, 累计概率Curvature, 曲率/弯曲Curvature, 曲率Curve fit , 曲线拟和Curve fitting, 曲线拟合Curvilinear regression, 曲线回归Curvilinear relation, 曲线关系Cut-and-try method, 尝试法Cycle, 周期Cyclist, 周期性D test, D检验Data acquisition, 资料收集Data bank, 数据库Data capacity, 数据容量Data deficiencies, 数据缺乏Data handling, 数据处理Data manipulation, 数据处理Data processing, 数据处理Data reduction, 数据缩减Data set, 数据集Data sources, 数据来源Data transformation, 数据变换Data validity, 数据有效性Data-in, 数据输入Data-out, 数据输出Dead time, 停滞期Degree of freedom, 自由度Degree of precision, 精密度Degree of reliability, 可靠性程度Degression, 递减Density function, 密度函数Density of data points, 数据点的密度Dependent variable, 应变量/依变量/因变量Dependent variable, 因变量Depth, 深度Derivative matrix, 导数矩阵Derivative-free methods, 无导数方法Design, 设计Determinacy, 确定性Determinant, 行列式Determinant, 决定因素Deviation, 离差Deviation from average, 离均差Diagnostic plot, 诊断图Dichotomous variable, 二分变量Differential equation, 微分方程Direct standardization, 直接标准化法Discrete variable, 离散型变量DISCRIMINANT, 判断Discriminant analysis, 判别分析Discriminant coefficient, 判别系数Discriminant function, 判别值Dispersion, 散布/分散度Disproportional, 不成比例的Disproportionate sub-class numbers, 不成比例次级组含量Distribution free, 分布无关性/免分布Distribution shape, 分布形状Distribution-free method, 任意分布法Distributive laws, 分配律Disturbance, 随机扰动项Dose response curve, 剂量反应曲线Double blind method, 双盲法Double blind trial, 双盲试验Double exponential distribution, 双指数分布Double logarithmic, 双对数Downward rank, 降秩Dual-space plot, 对偶空间图DUD, 无导数方法Duncan's new multiple range method, 新复极差法/Duncan新法Effect, 实验效应Eigenvalue, 特征值Eigenvector, 特征向量Ellipse, 椭圆Empirical distribution, 经验分布Empirical probability, 经验概率单位Enumeration data, 计数资料Equal sun-class number, 相等次级组含量Equally likely, 等可能Equivariance, 同变性Error, 误差/错误Error of estimate, 估计误差Error type I, 第一类错误Error type II, 第二类错误Estimand, 被估量Estimated error mean squares, 估计误差均方Estimated error sum of squares, 估计误差平方和Euclidean distance, 欧式距离Event, 事件Event, 事件Exceptional data point, 异常数据点Expectation plane, 期望平面Expectation surface, 期望曲面Expected values, 期望值Experiment, 实验Experimental sampling, 试验抽样Experimental unit, 试验单位Explanatory variable, 说明变量Exploratory data analysis, 探索性数据分析Explore Summarize, 探索-摘要Exponential curve, 指数曲线Exponential growth, 指数式增长EXSMOOTH, 指数平滑方法Extended fit, 扩充拟合Extra parameter, 附加参数Extrapolation, 外推法Extreme observation, 末端观测值Extremes, 极端值/极值F distribution, F分布F test, F检验Factor, 因素/因子Factor analysis, 因子分析Factor Analysis, 因子分析Factor score, 因子得分Factorial, 阶乘Factorial design, 析因试验设计False negative, 假阴性False negative error, 假阴性错误Family of distributions, 分布族Family of estimators, 估计量族Fanning, 扇面Fatality rate, 病死率Field investigation, 现场调查Field survey, 现场调查Finite population, 有限总体Finite-sample, 有限样本First derivative, 一阶导数First principal component, 第一主成分First quartile, 第一四分位数Fisher information, 费雪信息量Fitted value, 拟合值Fitting a curve, 曲线拟合Fixed base, 定基Fluctuation, 随机起伏Forecast, 预测Four fold table, 四格表Fourth, 四分点Fraction blow, 左侧比率Fractional error, 相对误差Frequency, 频率Frequency polygon, 频数多边图Frontier point, 界限点Function relationship, 泛函关系Gamma distribution, 伽玛分布Gauss increment, 高斯增量Gaussian distribution, 高斯分布/正态分布Gauss-Newton increment, 高斯-牛顿增量General census, 全面普查GENLOG (Generalized liner models), 广义线性模型Geometric mean, 几何平均数Gini's mean difference, 基尼均差GLM (General liner models), 一般线性模型Goodness of fit, 拟和优度/配合度Gradient of determinant, 行列式的梯度Graeco-Latin square, 希腊拉丁方Grand mean, 总均值Gross errors, 重大错误Gross-error sensitivity, 大错敏感度Group averages, 分组平均Grouped data, 分组资料Guessed mean, 假定平均数Half-life, 半衰期Hampel M-estimators, 汉佩尔M估计量Happenstance, 偶然事件Harmonic mean, 调和均数Hazard function, 风险均数Hazard rate, 风险率Heading, 标目Heavy-tailed distribution, 重尾分布Hessian array, 海森立体阵Heterogeneity, 不同质Heterogeneity of variance, 方差不齐Hierarchical classification, 组内分组Hierarchical clustering method, 系统聚类法High-leverage point, 高杠杆率点HILOGLINEAR, 多维列联表的层次对数线性模型Hinge, 折叶点Histogram, 直方图Historical cohort study, 历史性队列研究Holes, 空洞HOMALS, 多重响应分析Homogeneity of variance, 方差齐性Homogeneity test, 齐性检验Huber M-estimators, 休伯M估计量Hyperbola, 双曲线Hypothesis testing, 假设检验Hypothetical universe, 假设总体Impossible event, 不可能事件Independence, 独立性Independent variable, 自变量Index, 指标/指数Indirect standardization, 间接标准化法Individual, 个体Inference band, 推断带Infinite population, 无限总体Infinitely great, 无穷大Infinitely small, 无穷小Influence curve, 影响曲线Information capacity, 信息容量Initial condition, 初始条件Initial estimate, 初始估计值Initial level, 最初水平Interaction, 交互作用Interaction terms, 交互作用项Intercept, 截距Interpolation, 内插法Interquartile range, 四分位距Interval estimation, 区间估计Intervals of equal probability, 等概率区间Intrinsic curvature, 固有曲率Invariance, 不变性Inverse matrix, 逆矩阵Inverse probability, 逆概率Inverse sine transformation, 反正弦变换Iteration, 迭代Jacobian determinant, 雅可比行列式Joint distribution function, 分布函数Joint probability, 联合概率Joint probability distribution, 联合概率分布K means method, 逐步聚类法Kaplan-Meier, 评估事件的时间长度Kaplan-Merier chart, Kaplan-Merier图Kendall's rank correlation, Kendall等级相关Kinetic, 动力学Kolmogorov-Smirnove test, 柯尔莫哥洛夫-斯米尔诺夫检验Kruskal and Wallis test, Kruskal及Wallis检验/多样本的秩和检验/H检验Kurtosis, 峰度Lack of fit, 失拟Ladder of powers, 幂阶梯Lag, 滞后Large sample, 大样本Large sample test, 大样本检验Latin square, 拉丁方Latin square design, 拉丁方设计Leakage, 泄漏Least favorable configuration, 最不利构形Least favorable distribution, 最不利分布Least significant difference, 最小显著差法Least square method, 最小二乘法Least-absolute-residuals estimates, 最小绝对残差估计Least-absolute-residuals fit, 最小绝对残差拟合Least-absolute-residuals line, 最小绝对残差线Legend, 图例L-estimator, L估计量L-estimator of location, 位置L估计量L-estimator of scale, 尺度L估计量Level, 水平Life expectance, 预期期望寿命Life table, 寿命表Life table method, 生命表法Light-tailed distribution, 轻尾分布Likelihood function, 似然函数Likelihood ratio, 似然比line graph, 线图Linear correlation, 直线相关Linear equation, 线性方程Linear programming, 线性规划Linear regression, 直线回归Linear Regression, 线性回归Linear trend, 线性趋势Loading, 载荷Location and scale equivariance, 位置尺度同变性Location equivariance, 位置同变性Location invariance, 位置不变性Location scale family, 位置尺度族Log rank test, 时序检验Logarithmic curve, 对数曲线Logarithmic normal distribution, 对数正态分布Logarithmic scale, 对数尺度Logarithmic transformation, 对数变换Logic check, 逻辑检查Logistic distribution, 逻辑斯特分布Logit transformation, Logit转换LOGLINEAR, 多维列联表通用模型Lognormal distribution, 对数正态分布Lost function, 损失函数Low correlation, 低度相关Lower limit, 下限Lowest-attained variance, 最小可达方差LSD, 最小显著差法的简称Lurking variable, 潜在变量Main effect, 主效应Major heading, 主辞标目Marginal density function, 边缘密度函数Marginal probability, 边缘概率Marginal probability distribution, 边缘概率分布Matched data, 配对资料Matched distribution, 匹配过分布Matching of distribution, 分布的匹配Matching of transformation, 变换的匹配Mathematical expectation, 数学期望Mathematical model, 数学模型Maximum L-estimator, 极大极小L 估计量Maximum likelihood method, 最大似然法Mean, 均数Mean squares between groups, 组间均方Mean squares within group, 组内均方Means (Compare means), 均值-均值比较Median, 中位数Median effective dose, 半数效量Median lethal dose, 半数致死量Median polish, 中位数平滑Median test, 中位数检验Minimal sufficient statistic, 最小充分统计量Minimum distance estimation, 最小距离估计Minimum effective dose, 最小有效量Minimum lethal dose, 最小致死量Minimum variance estimator, 最小方差估计量MINITAB, 统计软件包Minor heading, 宾词标目Missing data, 缺失值Model specification, 模型的确定Modeling Statistics , 模型统计Models for outliers, 离群值模型Modifying the model, 模型的修正Modulus of continuity, 连续性模Morbidity, 发病率Most favorable configuration, 最有利构形Multidimensional Scaling (ASCAL), 多维尺度/多维标度Multinomial Logistic Regression , 多项逻辑斯蒂回归Multiple comparison, 多重比较Multiple correlation , 复相关Multiple covariance, 多元协方差Multiple linear regression, 多元线性回归Multiple response , 多重选项Multiple solutions, 多解Multiplication theorem, 乘法定理Multiresponse, 多元响应Multi-stage sampling, 多阶段抽样Multivariate T distribution, 多元T分布Mutual exclusive, 互不相容Mutual independence, 互相独立Natural boundary, 自然边界Natural dead, 自然死亡Natural zero, 自然零Negative correlation, 负相关Negative linear correlation, 负线性相关Negatively skewed, 负偏Newman-Keuls method, q检验NK method, q检验No statistical significance, 无统计意义Nominal variable, 名义变量Nonconstancy of variability, 变异的非定常性Nonlinear regression, 非线性相关Nonparametric statistics, 非参数统计Nonparametric test, 非参数检验Nonparametric tests, 非参数检验Normal deviate, 正态离差Normal distribution, 正态分布Normal equation, 正规方程组Normal ranges, 正常范围Normal value, 正常值Nuisance parameter, 多余参数/讨厌参数Null hypothesis, 无效假设Numerical variable, 数值变量Objective function, 目标函数Observation unit, 观察单位Observed value, 观察值One sided test, 单侧检验One-way analysis of variance, 单因素方差分析Oneway ANOVA , 单因素方差分析Open sequential trial, 开放型序贯设计Optrim, 优切尾Optrim efficiency, 优切尾效率Order statistics, 顺序统计量Ordered categories, 有序分类Ordinal logistic regression , 序数逻辑斯蒂回归Ordinal variable, 有序变量Orthogonal basis, 正交基Orthogonal design, 正交试验设计Orthogonality conditions, 正交条件ORTHOPLAN, 正交设计Outlier cutoffs, 离群值截断点Outliers, 极端值OVERALS , 多组变量的非线性正规相关Overshoot, 迭代过度Paired design, 配对设计Paired sample, 配对样本Pairwise slopes, 成对斜率Parabola, 抛物线Parallel tests, 平行试验Parameter, 参数Parametric statistics, 参数统计Parametric test, 参数检验Partial correlation, 偏相关Partial regression, 偏回归Partial sorting, 偏排序Partials residuals, 偏残差Pattern, 模式Pearson curves, 皮尔逊曲线Peeling, 退层Percent bar graph, 百分条形图Percentage, 百分比Percentile, 百分位数Percentile curves, 百分位曲线Periodicity, 周期性Permutation, 排列P-estimator, P估计量Pie graph, 饼图Pitman estimator, 皮特曼估计量Pivot, 枢轴量Planar, 平坦Planar assumption, 平面的假设PLANCARDS, 生成试验的计划卡Point estimation, 点估计Poisson distribution, 泊松分布Polishing, 平滑Polled standard deviation, 合并标准差Polled variance, 合并方差Polygon, 多边图Polynomial, 多项式Polynomial curve, 多项式曲线Population, 总体Population attributable risk, 人群归因危险度Positive correlation, 正相关Positively skewed, 正偏Posterior distribution, 后验分布Power of a test, 检验效能Precision, 精密度Predicted value, 预测值Preliminary analysis, 预备性分析Principal component analysis, 主成分分析Prior distribution, 先验分布Prior probability, 先验概率Probabilistic model, 概率模型probability, 概率Probability density, 概率密度Product moment, 乘积矩/协方差Profile trace, 截面迹图Proportion, 比/构成比Proportion allocation in stratified random sampling, 按比例分层随机抽样Proportionate, 成比例Proportionate sub-class numbers, 成比例次级组含量Prospective study, 前瞻性调查Proximities, 亲近性Pseudo F test, 近似F检验Pseudo model, 近似模型Pseudosigma, 伪标准差Purposive sampling, 有目的抽样QR decomposition, QR分解Quadratic approximation, 二次近似Qualitative classification, 属性分类Qualitative method, 定性方法Quantile-quantile plot, 分位数-分位数图/Q-Q图Quantitative analysis, 定量分析Quartile, 四分位数Quick Cluster, 快速聚类Radix sort, 基数排序Random allocation, 随机化分组Random blocks design, 随机区组设计Random event, 随机事件Randomization, 随机化Range, 极差/全距Rank correlation, 等级相关Rank sum test, 秩和检验Rank test, 秩检验Ranked data, 等级资料Rate, 比率Ratio, 比例Raw data, 原始资料Raw residual, 原始残差Rayleigh's test, 雷氏检验Rayleigh's Z, 雷氏Z值Reciprocal, 倒数Reciprocal transformation, 倒数变换Recording, 记录Redescending estimators, 回降估计量Reducing dimensions, 降维Re-expression, 重新表达Reference set, 标准组Region of acceptance, 接受域Regression coefficient, 回归系数Regression sum of square, 回归平方和Rejection point, 拒绝点Relative dispersion, 相对离散度Relative number, 相对数Reliability, 可靠性Reparametrization, 重新设置参数Replication, 重复Report Summaries, 报告摘要Residual sum of square, 剩余平方和Resistance, 耐抗性Resistant line, 耐抗线Resistant technique, 耐抗技术R-estimator of location, 位置R估计量R-estimator of scale, 尺度R估计量Retrospective study, 回顾性调查Ridge trace, 岭迹Ridit analysis, Ridit分析Rotation, 旋转Rounding, 舍入Row, 行Row effects, 行效应Row factor, 行因素RXC table, RXC表Sample, 样本Sample regression coefficient, 样本回归系数Sample size, 样本量Sample standard deviation, 样本标准差Sampling error, 抽样误差SAS(Statistical analysis system ), SAS统计软件包Scale, 尺度/量表Scatter diagram, 散点图Schematic plot, 示意图/简图Score test, 计分检验Screening, 筛检SEASON, 季节分析Second derivative, 二阶导数Second principal component, 第二主成分SEM (Structural equation modeling), 结构化方程模型Semi-logarithmic graph, 半对数图Semi-logarithmic paper, 半对数格纸Sensitivity curve, 敏感度曲线Sequential analysis, 贯序分析Sequential data set, 顺序数据集Sequential design, 贯序设计Sequential method, 贯序法Sequential test, 贯序检验法Serial tests, 系列试验Short-cut method, 简捷法Sigmoid curve, S形曲线Sign function, 正负号函数Sign test, 符号检验Signed rank, 符号秩Significance test, 显著性检验Significant figure, 有效数字Simple cluster sampling, 简单整群抽样Simple correlation, 简单相关Simple random sampling, 简单随机抽样Simple regression, 简单回归simple table, 简单表Sine estimator, 正弦估计量Single-valued estimate, 单值估计Singular matrix, 奇异矩阵Skewed distribution, 偏斜分布Skewness, 偏度Slash distribution, 斜线分布Slope, 斜率Smirnov test, 斯米尔诺夫检验Source of variation, 变异来源Spearman rank correlation, 斯皮尔曼等级相关Specific factor, 特殊因子Specific factor variance, 特殊因子方差Spectra , 频谱Spherical distribution, 球型正态分布Spread, 展布SPSS(Statistical package for the social science), SPSS统计软件包Spurious correlation, 假性相关Square root transformation, 平方根变换Stabilizing variance, 稳定方差Standard deviation, 标准差Standard error, 标准误Standard error of difference, 差别的标准误Standard error of estimate, 标准估计误差Standard error of rate, 率的标准误Standard normal distribution, 标准正态分布Standardization, 标准化Starting value, 起始值Statistic, 统计量Statistical control, 统计控制Statistical graph, 统计图Statistical inference, 统计推断Statistical table, 统计表Steepest descent, 最速下降法Stem and leaf display, 茎叶图Step factor, 步长因子Stepwise regression, 逐步回归Storage, 存Strata, 层（复数）Stratified sampling, 分层抽样Stratified sampling, 分层抽样Strength, 强度Stringency, 严密性Structural relationship, 结构关系Studentized residual, 学生化残差/t化残差Sub-class numbers, 次级组含量Subdividing, 分割Sufficient statistic, 充分统计量Sum of products, 积和Sum of squares, 离差平方和Sum of squares about regression, 回归平方和Sum of squares between groups, 组间平方和Sum of squares of partial regression, 偏回归平方和Sure event, 必然事件Survey, 调查Survival, 生存分析Survival rate, 生存率Suspended root gram, 悬吊根图Symmetry, 对称Systematic error, 系统误差Systematic sampling, 系统抽样Tags, 标签Tail area, 尾部面积Tail length, 尾长Tail weight, 尾重Tangent line, 切线Target distribution, 目标分布Taylor series, 泰勒级数Tendency of dispersion, 离散趋势Testing of hypotheses, 假设检验Theoretical frequency, 理论频数Time series, 时间序列Tolerance interval, 容忍区间Tolerance lower limit, 容忍下限Tolerance upper limit, 容忍上限Torsion, 扰率Total sum of square, 总平方和Total variation, 总变异Transformation, 转换Treatment, 处理Trend, 趋势Trend of percentage, 百分比趋势Trial, 试验Trial and error method, 试错法Tuning constant, 细调常数Two sided test, 双向检验Two-stage least squares, 二阶最小平方Two-stage sampling, 二阶段抽样Two-tailed test, 双侧检验Two-way analysis of variance, 双因素方差分析Two-way table, 双向表Type I error, 一类错误/α错误Type II error, 二类错误/β错误UMVU, 方差一致最小无偏估计简称Unbiased estimate, 无偏估计Unconstrained nonlinear regression , 无约束非线性回归Unequal subclass number, 不等次级组含量Ungrouped data, 不分组资料Uniform coordinate, 均匀坐标Uniform distribution, 均匀分布Uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimate, 方差一致最小无偏估计Unit, 单元Unordered categories, 无序分类Upper limit, 上限Upward rank, 升秩Vague concept, 模糊概念Validity, 有效性VARCOMP (Variance component estimation), 方差元素估计Variability, 变异性Variable, 变量Variance, 方差Variation, 变异Varimax orthogonal rotation, 方差最大正交旋转Volume of distribution, 容积W test, W检验Weibull distribution, 威布尔分布Weight, 权数Weighted Chi-square test, 加权卡方检验/Cochran检验Weighted linear regression method, 加权直线回归Weighted mean, 加权平均数Weighted mean square, 加权平均方差Weighted sum of square, 加权平方和Weighting coefficient, 权重系数Weighting method, 加权法W-estimation, W估计量W-estimation of location, 位置W估计量Width, 宽度Wilcoxon paired test, 威斯康星配对法/配对符号秩和检验Wild point, 野点/狂点Wild value, 野值/狂值Winsorized mean, 缩尾均值Withdraw, 失访Youden's index, 尤登指数Z test, Z检验Zero correlation, 零相关Z-transformation, Z变换。
希夏邦马峰地区岗布锂辉石伟晶岩的发现及其指示意义
２０２４／０４０（０５）：１４８９ １５０９ＡｃｔａＰｅｔｒｏｌｏｇｉｃａＳｉｎｉｃａ 岩石学报ｄｏｉ：１０．１８６５４／１０００ ０５６９／２０２４．０５．１０胡方泱，蒲浩澜，郭钊等．２０２４．希夏邦马峰地区岗布锂辉石伟晶岩的发现及其指示意义．岩石学报，４０（０５）：１４８９－１５０９，ｄｏｉ：１０．１８６５４／１０００－０５６９／２０２４．０５．１０希夏邦马峰地区岗布锂辉石伟晶岩的发现及其指示意义胡方泱１ 蒲浩澜２ 郭钊３ 刘谭杰３ 刘小驰３ 何少雄３ 吴福元３，４ＨＵＦａｎｇＹａｎｇ１，ＰＵＨａｏＬａｎ２，ＧＵＯＺｈａｏ３，ＬＩＵＴａｎＪｉｅ３，ＬＩＵＸｉａｏＣｈｉ３，ＨＥＳｈａｏＸｉｏｎｇ３ａｎｄＷＵＦｕＹｕａｎ３，４１ 中国科学院矿产资源研究重点实验室，中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所，北京 １０００２９２ 中国石油大学（北京），地球科学学院，北京 １０２２４９３ 岩石圈演化国家重点实验室，中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所，北京 １０００２９４ 中国科学院大学地球与行星科学学院，北京 １０００４９１ ＫｅｙＬａｂｏｒａｔｏｒｙｏｆＭｉｎｅｒａｌＲｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ，ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＧｅｏｌｏｇｙａｎｄＧｅｏｐｈｙｓｉｃｓ，ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ１０００２９，Ｃｈｉｎａ２ ＣｏｌｌｅｇｅｏｆＧｅｏｓｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，ＣｈｉｎａＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＰｅｔｒｏｌｅｕｍ（Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ），Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ１０２２４９，Ｃｈｉｎａ３ ＳｔａｔｅＫｅｙＬａｂｏｒａｔｏｒｙｏｆＬｉｔｈｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃＥｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ，ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＧｅｏｌｏｇｙａｎｄＧｅｏｐｈｙｓｉｃｓ，ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ１０００２９，Ｃｈｉｎａ４ ＣｏｌｌｅｇｅｏｆＥａｒｔｈａｎｄＰｌａｎｅｔａｒｙＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，ＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ１０００４９，Ｃｈｉｎａ２０２４ ０２ ０１收稿，２０２４ ０３ １６改回ＨｕＦＹ，ＰｕＨＬ，ＧｕｏＺ，ＬｉｕＴＪ，ＬｉｕＸＣ，ＨｅＳＸａｎｄＷｕＦＹ ２０２４ ＤｉｓｃｏｖｅｒｙｏｆｔｈｅＧａｎｇｂｕｓｐｏｄｕｍｅｎｅ ｂｅａｒｉｎｇｐｅｇｍａｔｉｔｅｉｎｔｈｅＳｈｉｓｈａＰａｎｇｍａｒｅｇｉｏｎａｎｄｉｔｓｇｅｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｃｅ．ＡｃｔａＰｅｔｒｏｌｏｇｉｃａＳｉｎｉｃａ，４０（５）：１４８９－１５０９，ｄｏｉ：１０．１８６５４／１０００ ０５６９／２０２４．０５．１０Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ Ｉｎｒｅｃｅｎｔｙｅａｒｓ，ｔｈｅｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈａｎｄｐｒｏｓｐｅｃｔｉｎｇｏｆＨｉｍａｌａｙａｎｒａｒｅｍｅｔａｌｍｉｎｅｒａｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｈａｖｅｍａｄｅｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔｂｒｅａｋｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｓ，ｍａｋｉｎｇＨｉｍａｌａｙａａｎｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｒａｒｅｍｅｔａｌｍｉｎｅｒａｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｂｅｌｔｉｎＣｈｉｎａ Ｔｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒｒｅｐｏｒｔｓｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｏｕｔｃｒｏｐｄｉｓｃｏｖｅｒｙｏｆｓｐｏｄｕｍｅｎｅ ｂｅａｒｉｎｇｐｅｇｍａｔｉｔｅｉｎｔｈｅＳｈｉｓｈａＰａｎｇｍａｒｅｇｉｏｎ Ｔｈｅｏｕｔｃｒｏｐｐｅｄｓｐｏｄｕｍｅｎｅ ｂｅａｒｉｎｇｐｅｇｍａｔｉｔｅｌｏｃａｔｅｓｉｎｔｈｅＧａｎｇｂｕｒｅｇｉｏｎｏｎｔｈｅｎｏｒｔｈｅａｓｔｓｉｄｅｏｆＧｙｉｒｏｎｇｐｌｕｔｏｎ，ｓｅｐａｒａｔｉｎｇＴｓａｌｕｎｇｖａｌｌｅｙｏｆＧｙｉｒｏｎｇａｒｅａｂｙｔｈｅｍｏｕｎｔａｉｎｐｅａｋｓ ＴｈｅＧａｎｇｂｕｓｐｏｄｕｍｅｎｅ ｂｅａｒｉｎｇｐｅｇｍａｔｉｔｅｉｓａｎｏｔｈｅｒｌｉｔｈｉｕｍｏｒｅｏｃｃｕｒｒｅｎｃｅａｆｔｅｒｔｈｅｄｉｓｃｏｖｅｒｙｏｆｓｐｏｄｕｍｅｎｅ ｂｅａｒｉｎｇｐｅｇｍａｔｉｔｅａｔｔｈｅＱｕｎｇｇｙａＫａｎｇ（Ｐｕｓｉｌａ），Ｇａｂｏ，ＲａＣｈｕ，ａｎｄＫｕＣｈｕｒｅｇｉｏｎｓ ＣｏｎｓｉｄｅｒｉｎｇｔｈｅｍａｇｍａｉｎｔｈｅＴｓａｌｕｎｇｖａｌｌｅｙｏｆＧｙｉｒｏｎｇａｒｅａｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｉｎｇａｎｅｘｔｒｅｍｅｌｙｈｉｇｈｄｅｇｒｅｅｏｆｆｒａｃｔｉｏｎａｔｉｏｎ，ｔｈｅｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎｐａｒｔｏｆｔｈｅＧｙｉｒｏｎｇｐｌｕｔｏｎｓｈｏｕｌｄｈａｖｅａｎｅｘｃｅｌｌｅｎｔｐｒｏｓｐｅｃｔｆｏｒｒａｒｅｍｅｔａｌｍｉｎｅｒａｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ Ｔｈｅｍｉｎｅｒａｌｉｚｅｄｐｅｇｍａｔｉｔｅｉｎｔｒｕｄｅｄｉｎｔｏｔｈｅｍｅｔａｍｏｒｐｈｉｃｓｔｒａｔａ（ｂｉｏｔｉｔｅｓｃｈｉｓｔａｎｄｖｅｓｕｖｉａｎｉｔｅ ｂｅａｒｉｎｇｓｋａｒｎ）ａｔａｎａｌｔｉｔｕｄｅｏｆ５３００ｍ Ｔｈｅｓｐｏｄｕｍｅｎｅ ｂｅａｒｉｎｇｐｅｇｍａｔｉｔｅｃａｎｂｅｃｌａｓｓｉｆｉｅｄｉｎｔｏｔｗｏｔｙｐｅｓａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇｔｏｔｈｅｆｉｅｌｄｏｃｃｕｒｒｅｎｃｅ：ｏｎｅｉｓｔｈｅｓｔｒｏｎｇｌｙｄｅｆｏｒｍｅｄｐｅｇｍａｔｉｔｅ，ｗｈｉｃｈｉｓｓｔｒｏｎｇｌｙｍｙｌｏｎｉｔｉｚｅｄａｎｄｂｅｃｏｍｅｓｌｅｎｓｅｓｗｉｔｈｉｎｔｈｅｓｔｒａｔａ；ｔｈｅｏｔｈｅｒｉｓｔｈｅｗｅａｋｌｙｄｅｆｏｒｍｅｄｐｅｇｍａｔｉｔｅ，ｗｈｉｃｈｉｓｗｅａｋｌｙｄｅｆｏｒｍｅｄｗｉｔｈａｒｅｌａｔｉｖｅｌｙｌａｒｇｅｒｓｃａｌｅ，ｂｕｔｉｔｓｓｔｒｉｋｅｉｓｂｒｏａｄｌｙｐａｒａｌｌｅｌｔｏｔｈｅｂｅｄｄｉｎｇｐｌａｎｅ Ｃｏｍｂｉｎｅｄｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｍｅｔａｍｏｒｐｈｉｃａｎｄｄｅｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆｔｈｅｓｔｒａｔａ，ｗｅｐｒｏｐｏｓｅｔｈａｔｔｈｉｓｉｓｔｈｅｌｏｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆｔｈｅＳｏｕｔｈＴｉｂｅｔａｎＤｅｔａｃｈｍｅｎｔＳｙｓｔｅｍ（ＳＴＤＳ）．Ｂｅｌｏｗｔｈｅｍｉｎｅｒａｌｉｚｅｄｐｅｇｍａｔｉｔｅ，ｔｏｕｒｍａｌｉｎｅ ｂｅａｒｉｎｇｇｒａｎｉｔｉｃｐｅｇｍａｔｉｔｅｔｈａｔｃｒｏｓｓ ｃｕｔｔｉｎｇｔｈｅｂｅｄｄｉｎｇａｎｄｂｅｒｙｌ ｂｅａｒｉｎｇｐｅｇｍａｔｉｔｅａｒｅｅｘｐｏｓｅｄａｔａｎａｌｔｉｔｕｄｅｏｆ５２００ｍ，ａｎｄｔｏｕｒｍａｌｉｎｅ ｍｕｓｃｏｖｉｔｅｇｒａｎｉｔｅｉｓｅｘｐｏｓｅｄａｔａｎａｌｔｉｔｕｄｅｏｆ５１００ｍ Ｔｈｅｄａｔｉｎｇｒｅｓｕｌｔｓｏｆｍｏｎａｚｉｔｅａｎｄｃｏｌｕｍｂｉｔｅ ｇｒｏｕｐｍｉｎｅｒａｌｓｓｈｏｗｔｈａｔｔｈｅａｇｅｏｆｔｈｅｔｏｕｒｍａｌｉｎｅ ｍｕｓｃｏｖｉｔｅｇｒａｎｉｔｅａｎｄｔｗｏ ｔｙｐｅｓｏｆｓｐｏｄｕｍｅｎｅ ｂｅａｒｉｎｇｐｅｇｍａｔｉｔｅｓａｒｅ２５Ｍａ，ａｎｄｔｈｅａｇｅｏｆｔｈｅｔｏｕｒｍａｌｉｎｅ ｂｅａｒｉｎｇｇｒａｎｉｔｉｃｐｅｇｍａｔｉｔｅｔｈａｔｃｕｔｔｉｎｇａｃｒｏｓｓｔｈｅｂｅｄｄｉｎｇｉｓ１７ ５Ｍａ ＴｈｅＭｎ＃［Ｍｎ／（Ｍｎ＋Ｆｅ）］ｖａｌｕｅｓｏｆｃｏｌｕｍｂｉｔｅ ｇｒｏｕｐｍｉｎｅｒａｌｓｉｎｔｈｅＧａｎｇｂｕｓｐｏｄｕｍｅｎｅ ｂｅａｒｉｎｇｐｅｇｍａｔｉｔｅｓａｒｅｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔｌｙｈｉｇｈｅｒｔｈａｎｔｈｅｃｏｌｕｍｂｉｔｅ ｇｒｏｕｐｍｉｎｅｒａｌｓｉｎｔｈｅ１７ ５Ｍａｇｒａｎｉｔｉｃｐｅｇｍａｔｉｔｅ，ａｎｄａｒｅａｌｓｏｈｉｇｈｅｒｔｈａｎｔｈｅｃｏｌｕｍｂｉｔｅ ｇｒｏｕｐｍｉｎｅｒａｌｓｉｎｏｔｈｅｒｋｎｏｗｎｐｅｇｍａｔｉｔｅｓｉｎｔｈｅＨｉｍａｌａｙａｓ，ｉｎｄｉｃａｔｉｎｇｔｈａｔｔｈｅｐｅｇｍａｔｉｔｉｃｍａｇｍａｈｅｒｅｉｓｒｅｌａｔｉｖｅｌｙｆｌｕｏｒｉｎｅ ｒｉｃｈ ＴｈｅＧａｎｇｂｕｓｐｏｄｕｍｅｎｅ ｂｅａｒｉｎｇｐｅｇｍａｔｉｔｅｉｓｃｏｅｖａｌｗｉｔｈｔｈｅＱｕｎｇｇｙａＫａｎｇ（Ｐｕｓｉｌａ）ａｎｄＫｕＣｈｕｓｐｏｄｕｍｅｎｅ ｂｅａｒｉｎｇｐｅｇｍａｔｉｔｅｐｅｇｍａｔｉｔｅｓ，ｓｕｇｇｅｓｔｉｎｇｔｈａｔ～２５ＭａｉｓａｃｒｉｔｉｃａｌｌｉｔｈｉｕｍｍｉｎｅｒａｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｐｅｒｉｏｄｉｎｔｈｅＨｉｍａｌａｙａｎｂｅｌｔ，ｗｈｉｃｈｉｓｃｌｏｓｅｌｙｒｅｌａｔｅｄｔｏｔｈｅａｃｔｉｖｉｔｉｅｓｏｆｔｈｅＳＴＤＳ Ｓｐａｔｉａｌｌｙ，ｔｈｅ 本文受第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目（２０２２ＱＺＫＫ０２０３）、中国科学院战略性先导科技专项（ＸＤＡ０４３０１０１）和国家自然科学基金项目（９１７５５０００）联合资助第一作者简介：胡方泱，男，１９９１年生，博士，特聘副研究员，从事花岗岩成因与造山带演化研究，Ｅ ｍａｉｌ：ｈｕｆａｎｇｙａｎｇ＠ｍａｉｌ ｉｇｇｃａｓ ａｃ ｃｎｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆｃｒｏｓｓ ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｈｅＧａｎｇｂｕａｒｅｓｉｍｉｌａｒｔｏｔｈｏｓｅｉｎｔｈｅＱｕｎｇｇｙａＫａｎｇ（Ｐｕｓｉｌａ）ａｎｄｔｈｅＧａｂｏ，ｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｂｏｔｔｏｍｐａｒｔｏｆｔｈｅｃｒｏｓｓ ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎｂｅｉｎｇａｔｏｕｒｍａｌｉｎｅ ｂｅａｒｉｎｇｌｅｕｃｏｇｒａｎｉｔｅ，ｔｈｅｍｉｄｄｌｅｐａｒｔｂｅｉｎｇｂｅｒｙｌ ｂｅａｒｉｎｇｐｅｇｍａｔｉｔｅ，ａｎｄｔｈｅｔｏｐｏｆｃｒｏｓｓ ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎｂｅｉｎｇｓｐｏｄｕｍｅｎｅ ｂｅａｒｉｎｇｐｅｇｍａｔｉｔｅ Ｔｈｅｏｃｃｕｒｒｅｎｃｅｏｆｓｐｏｄｕｍｅｎｅ ｂｅａｒｉｎｇｐｅｇｍａｔｉｔｅｉｓｏｂｖｉｏｕｓｌｙｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｌｅｄｂｙｔｈｅＳＴＤＳ，ｗｈｉｃｈｒｅｆｌｅｃｔｓｔｈａｔｌｉｔｈｉｕｍｍｉｎｅｒａｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｉｓｓｐａｔｉａｌｌｙｃｏｈｅｒｅｎｔａｌｏｎｇｔｈｅｓｔｒｉｋｅｏｆｔｈｅＨｉｍａｌａｙａｎｂｅｌｔ ＳｕｃｈａｆａｃｔｉｓｏｆｇｒｅａｔｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｃｅｔｏｕｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄｉｎｇｔｈｅｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｅｘｐｌｏｒａｔｉｏｎｏｆｒａｒｅｍｅｔａｌｓｍｉｎｅｒａｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｈｅＨｉｍａｌａｙａｎｂｅｌｔＫｅｙｗｏｒｄｓ Ｈｉｍａｌａｙａ；Ｎｙａｌａｍ；Ｇｙｉｒｏｎｇ；ｓｐｏｄｕｍｅｎｅ ｂｅａｒｉｎｇｐｅｇｍａｔｉｔｅ；ｒａｒｅ ｍｅｔａｌｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｓ摘 要 近年来，喜马拉雅稀有金属成矿的研究与找矿工作不断取得突破，使得喜马拉雅地区成为我国重要的稀有金属成矿带。
SPSS统计词汇
英汉统计学常用词汇(SPSS)Aabsolute deviation 绝对离差absolute residuals 绝对残差acceptable hypothesis 可接受假设acceptable region 接受域actual frequency 实际频数adaptive estimator 自适应估计量addition theorem 加法定理additivity 可加性adjusted R square 调整判别系数admissible error 容许误差alphafactorin g α因子提取法alternative hypothesis 备择假设among groups 组间analysis of correlation 相关分析analysis of covariance 协方差分析analysis of regression 回归分析BBayesian estimation Beyes估计bell-shaped curve 钟形曲线best-trim estimator 最好切尾估计量beta distribution β分布between groups 组间的between measures 重复测量间的bivariate 双变量的bivariate correlate 二变量相关biweight interval 双权区间biweight M-estimator 双权M估计量block 区组/配伍组boxplot 箱线图Ccanonical correlation 典型相关case-control study 病例对照研究categorical variable 分类变量Cauchy distribution 柯西分布centering and scaling 中心化和定标central tendency 集中趋势chance statistics 随机统计量chance variable 随机变量chi-square distribution 卡方分布chi-square statistics 卡方统计量chi-square test 卡方检验classified variable 分类变量coefficient of skewness 偏度系数coefficient of variation 变异系数communality variance 共性方差compare means 均值比较分析complete association 完全正相关concomitant variable 伴随变量conditional likelihood 条件似然conditional probability 条件概率confidence limit 置信限consistency check 一致性检验consistent estimate 一致估计contingency tables 列联表continuous variable 连续变量control charts 控制图controlled experiments 对照实验conventional depth 常规深度correction coefficient 校正系数critical point 临界点critical ratio 临界比cumulative probability 累计概率curvature 曲率cyclist 周期性Ddata capacity 数据容量data deficiencies 数据缺乏1data handling 数据处理data reduction 数据简化分析data transformation 数据变换degree of precision 精密度degree of reliability 可靠性程度density function 密度函数density of data points 数据点的密度derivative matrix 导数矩阵description 描述descriptive 描述性的deviation from average 离均差Df. Fit 拟合差值df(degree of freedom)自由度dichotomous variable 二分变量discriminant analysis 判别分析discriminant coefficient 判别系数disproportional 不成比例的dissimilarity 不相似性distribution shape 分布形状disturbance 随机扰动项double logarithmic 双对数Eeffect 实验效应effects of interaction 交互效应efficiency 有效性eigenvector 特征向量enumeration data 计数资料equal size 相等的数量error of estimate 估计误差error type Ⅰ第一类错误error type Ⅱ第二类错误estimation 估计量Euclidean distance 欧氏距离expectation plane 期望平面expectation surface 期望曲面expected value 期望值experimental sampling 试验抽样explanatory variable 解释变量explore Summarize 探索-摘要EXSMOOTH 指数平滑方法extended fit 扩充拟合extra parameter 附加参数extreme observation 末端观测值extreme value 极值Ffactor score 因子得分factorial designs 因子设计factorial experiment 因子试验failure rate 失效率family of estimators 估计量族fatality rate 病死率finite population 有限总体finite-sample 有限样本first derivative 一阶导数first quartile 第一四分位数Fisher information Fisher信息量fitting a curve 曲线拟合fixed model 固定模型fixed variable 固定变量fluctuation 随机起伏fourth 四分点fractional error 相对误差frequency polygon 频数多边图frontier point 界限点F-test F检验function 函数function relationship 泛函关系Ggamma distribution 伽玛分布general census 全面普查geometric mean几何均值Gini’s mean difference 基尼均差goodness-of-fit 拟合优度gross-error sensitivity 大错敏感度group averages 分组平均grouped data 分组资料grouped median 组中值growth curve 生长曲线Hhalf-life 半衰期happenstance 偶然事件harmonic mean 调和均值hazard function 风险均数hazard rate 风险率Hessian array Hessian立体阵Heterogeneity 不同质heterogeneity 不齐性HOMAIS 多重响应分析homogeneity of variance 方差齐性homogeneity test 齐性检验Huber M-estimators Huber M 估计量hyperbola 双曲线hypothesis 假设hypothesis test 假设检验hypothetical universe 假设总体Iimage factoring 典型因子提取法impossible event 不可能事件independent samples 独立样本independent variable 自变量indirect standardization 间接标准化法infinitely great 无穷大information capacity 信息容量interclass correlation 组内相关inter-item correlation 样本内相关interpolation 内插法interquartile range 四分位距interclass correlation 组间相关inverse matrix 逆矩阵item means 样本均值L large sample problem 大样本问题Latin square 拉丁方Latin square design 拉丁方设计Least-square estimation 最小二乘估计L-estimator of location 位置L估计量level of significance 显著性水平leverage value 中心化杠杆值life expectance 预期期望寿命life table 寿命表life table method 生命表法light-tailed distribution 轻尾分布likelihood function 似然函数likelihood ratio 似然比likelihood ratio test 似然比检验linear relation 线性关系linear trend 线性预测值loading 载荷location invariance 位置不变性log rank test 时序检验logarithmic scale 对数尺度logic check 逻辑检查logistic 逻辑的logistic distribution logistic分布logit model logit模型logit transformation logit转换logarithms 对数lost function 损失函数lower limit 下限MMahal Distance 马氏距离main effect 主效应maintainability 可维护度matched data 配对资料matched distribution 匹配分布matrix 矩阵maximum 最大值mean 均值mean difference 均值差值mean square 均方mean sum of square 均方和measure 度量median 中位数median lethal dose 半数致死量median polish 中位数平滑m-estimator M估计midpoint 中值model specification 模型的确定modeling statistics 型统计models for outliers 离群值模型modifying the model 模型的修正Monte Carle method 蒙特卡洛法multiple comparison 多重比较multiple correlation 多元相关系数multiple response 多重响应multiple response sets 多重响应集合multiple solutions 多解multiplication theorem 乘法定理multi-response 多元响应multi-stage sampling 多阶段抽样multivariate 多元的multivariate analysis 多元分析mutual exclusive 互不相容mutual independence 互相独立Nnegative correlation 负相关nominal variable 名义变量nonlinear regression 非线性相关nonlinear regression 非线性回归nonparamtric statistics 非参数统计nonparametric test 非参数检验normal distribution 正态分布normal P-P 正态P-P图normal probability 正态概率normal Q-Q 正态Q-Q图normal value 正常值null hypothesis 零假设Oobjective function 目标函数observation unit 观察单位observed value 观察值one sided test 单侧检验one-sample 单样本one-tailed test 单侧检验one-way classification 单因素分类order statistics 顺序统计量ordered categories 有序分类ordinal 序数ordinal variable 有序变量origin 原点orthogonal 正交的orthogonal design 正交试验设计Ppaired observations 成对观测数据paired design 配对设计paired sample 配对样本parametric statistics 参数统计Pearson curves Pearson曲线P-estimator P估计量pie chart 饼(圆)图Pitman estimator Pitman估计量pivot 枢轴量pivot table 枢轴表polynomial regression 多项式回归population 总体positive correlation 正相关posterior distribution 后验分布preliminary analysis 预备性分析probability 概率probability density 概率密度probability of F F显著性概率probit analysis 概率分析product moment 乘积矩/协方差QQ-Q Plot Q-Q概率图quadratic regression 二次多项式回归quadratic term 二次项quality control charts 质量控制图quantitative analysis 定量分析quartile 四分位数RR square 判别系数random 随机random event 随机事件random number 随机数random sampling 随机取样random variable 随机变量randomization 随机化rank statistic 秩统计量rank sum test 秩和检验rank test 秩检验ranked data 等级资料ratio analysis 比率分析raw data 原始资料Rayleigh's test 雷氏检验reciprocal 倒数reject region 拒绝域rejection point 拒绝点relative dispersion 相对离散度relative number 相对数reliability 可靠性reliability analysis 可靠性分析reliability test 可靠性检验report summaries 报告摘要residual 残差residual sum of square 残差平方和response 响应root mean square 均方根rotation 旋转row effects 行效应run test 游程检验S S. E.mean 均值的标准差S.E.of Kurtosis 峰度的标准差S.E.of Skewness 偏度的标准差sample size 样本容量sample space 样本空间sampling design 抽样设计sampling distribution 抽样分布sampling error 抽样误差sampling inspection 抽样检验scatter diagram 散点图schematic plot 示意图/简图score statistic 得分统计score test 计分检验sensitivity curve 敏感度曲线sequential analysis 贯序分析sequential data set 顺序数据集serial tests 系列试验series mean 系列均值sign test 符号检验signed rank 符号秩significance digits 有效数字significance test 显著性检验significant figure 有效数字similarity 相似性simple regression 简单回归skewed distribution 偏态分布skewness 偏度small sample problem 小样本问题Smirnov test Smirnov检验specific factor 特殊因子specific factor variance 特殊因子方差standard deviation 标准差standard error 标准误standard residual plots 标准化残差图standardize 标准化standardized coefficients标准化系数standardized residual 标准化残差statistics 统计学(量)、统计图表std.predicted value 标准预测值Std.residual 标准残差stem and leaf display 茎叶图step factor 步长因子stochastic models 随机模型stochastic process 随机过程survival 生存分析symmetry 对称systematic error 系统误差systematic sampling 系统抽样Ttest criterion 检验判据test for linearity 线性检验test of goodness of fit 拟和优度检验test of homogeneity 齐性检验test oh independence 独立性检验test rules 检验法则testing function 检验函数testing of hypotheses 假设检验theoretical frequency 理论频数time series 时间序列tolerance 容忍度tolerance interval 容忍区间tolerance limits 容限tolerance lower limit 容忍下限tolerance upper limit 容忍上限total sum of square 总平方和total variation 总变异transfer function 转换函数Uunbiased estimation 无偏估计unbiasedness 无偏性unequal size 不等含量unweight 不加权upper limit 上限upward rank 升秩Vvalidity 有效性value 数值value of estimator 计值variability 变异性variable 变量variance components 方差成分variance ratio 方差比variation 变异various 不同的vector 向量WWeibull distribution 威布尔分布weighted mean square 加权平均方差weighted sum of square 加权平方和weighting coefficient 权重系数weighting method 加权法weighted average 加权平均值ZZ score Z分数Z test Z检验zero correlation 零相关Z-transformation Z变换6。
名词解释(谢哲宇修改
Chapter 1Statistics（统计学）：研究数据资料的收集、整理、分析和解释（interpretation）的科学。
Biostatistics（生物统计学）：统计学应用于生物科学Variable（变量）：指某种特征，它的表现在不同个体间或不同组间存在变异性。
Observation（观测值）：指对变量的表现进行观察或测量所获得的数值，有时也被称为变数（variate）Population（总体）：又叫“统计总体”，是指一个统计问题研究对象的全体，它是具有某种（或某些）共同特征的元素的集合。
Individual（个体）：总体中每一个研究对象称作个体。
Sample（样本）：从总体中按一定方法抽取部分具有代表性的个体，这部分个体称为样本。
Parameter（参数）：描述总体特征的数，如总体平均数、总体方差等。
Statistic（统计量）：描述样本特征的量，如样本平均数、样本方差、样本相关系数等。
Accuracy（准确性）：指观测值或估计值与真值的接近程度。
Precision（精确性）：对同一物体的重复观察值或估计值彼此之间的接近程度。
Chapter 2Raw data（直接数据）:数据调查与实验未经处理的数据；Continuous data（连续性数据）：指在一定范围内可取任何实数值的数据。
Discrete data（离散性数据）：在一定范围内只能取有限种可能值的数据。
Count data（计数数据）：用计数的方式得到的数据资料，必须用整数来表示。
Classification data（分类资料）：可自然的或人为的分为2个或多个不同类别的资料。
例如：男生记做1 女生记做2频数（率）分布（frequency distribution）；；下四分位数（lower quartile）；中位数（median）；上四分位数（upper quartile）；条形图（bar chart）；直方图（histogram）；饼图（pie chart）；散点图（scatter plot），组间距（interval）Percentile（百分位数）：一组n个观测值按数值大小排列，小于某数值的数据个数占全体个数的x%,则为x%分位数。
统计学术语中英对照
population 母体sample 样本census 普查sampling 抽样quantitative 量的qualitative/categorical质的discrete 离散的continuous 连续的population parameters 母体参数sample statistics 样本统计量descriptive statistics 叙述统计学inferential/inductive statistics 推论 ...抽样调查（sampliing survey单纯随机抽样（simple random sampling系统抽样（systematic sampling分层抽样（stratified sampling整群抽样（cluster sampling多级抽样（multistage sampling常态分配(Parametric Statistics)无母数统计学(Nonparametric Statistics)实验设计(Design of Experiment)参数(Parameter)Data analysis 资料分析Statistical table 统计表Statistical chart 统计图Pie chart 圆饼图Stem-and-leaf display 茎叶图Box plot 盒须图Histogram 直方图Bar Chart 长条图Polygon 次数多边图Ogive 肩形图Descriptive statistics 叙述统计学Expectation 期望值Mode 众数Mean 平均数Variance 变异数Standard deviation 标准差Standard error 标准误Covariance matrix 共变异数矩阵Inferential statistics 推论统计学Point estimation 点估计Interval estimation 区间估计Confidence interval 信赖区间Confidence coefficient 信赖系数Testing statistical hypothesis 统计假设检定Regression analysis 回归分析Analysis of variance 变异数分析Correlation coefficient 相关系数Sampling survey 抽样调查Census 普查Sampling 抽样Reliability 信度Validity 效度Sampling error 抽样误差Non-sampling error 非抽样误差Random sampling 随机抽样Simple random sampling 简单随机抽样法Stratified sampling 分层抽样法Cluster sampling 群集抽样法Systematic sampling 系统抽样法Two-stage random sampling 两段随机抽样法Convenience sampling 便利抽样Quota sampling 配额抽样Snowball sampling 雪球抽样Nonparametric statistics 无母数统计The sign test 等级检定Wilcoxon signed rank tests 魏克森讯号等级检定Wilcoxon rank sum tests 魏克森等级和检定Run test 连检定法Discrete uniform densities 离散的均匀密度Binomial densities 二项密度Hypergeometric densities 超几何密度Poisson densities 卜松密度Geometric densities 几何密度Negative binomial densities 负二项密度Continuous uniform densities 连续均匀密度Normal densities 常态密度Exponential densities 指数密度Gamma densities 伽玛密度Beta densities 贝他密度Multivariate analysis 多变量分析Principal components 主因子分析Word 资料Discrimination analysis 区别分析Cluster analysis 群集分析Factor analysis 因素分析Survival analysis 存活分析Time series analysis 时间序列分析Linear models 线性模式Quality engineering 品质工程Probability theory 机率论Statistical computing 统计计算Statistical inference 统计推论Stochastic processes 随机过程Decision theory 决策理论Discrete analysis 离散分析Mathematical statistics 数理统计统计学: Statistics母体: Population样本: Sample资料分析: Data analysis统计表: Statistical table统计图: Statistical chart圆饼图: Pie chart茎叶图: Stem-and-leaf display 盒须图: Box plot直方图: Histogram长条图: Bar Chart次数多边图: Polygon肩形图: Ogive叙述统计学: Descriptive statistics 期望值: Expectation众数: Mode平均数: Mean变异数: Variance标准差: Standard deviation标准误: Standard error共变异数矩阵: Covariance matrix推论统计学: Inferential statistics点估计: Point estimation区间估计: Interval estimation信赖区间: Confidence interval信赖系数: Confidence coefficient统计假设检定: Testing statistical hypothesis回归分析: Regression analysis变异数分析: Analysis of variance相关系数: Correlation coefficient抽样调查: Sampling survey普查: Census抽样: Sampling信度: Reliability效度: Validity抽样误差: Sampling error非抽样误差: Non-sampling error随机抽样: Random sampling简单随机抽样法: Simple random sampling分层抽样法: Stratified sampling群集抽样法: Cluster sampling系统抽样法: Systematic sampling两段随机抽样法: Two-stage randomsampling便利抽样: Convenience sampling配额抽样: Quota sampling雪球抽样: Snowball sampling无母数统计: Nonparametric statistics等级检定: The sign test魏克森讯号等级检定: Wilcoxon signed ranktests魏克森等级和检定: Wilcoxon rank sum tests连检定法: Run test离散的均匀密度: Discrete uniform densities二项密度: Binomial densities超几何密度: Hypergeometric densities卜松密度: Poisson densities几何密度: Geometric densities负二项密度: Negative binomial densities连续均匀密度: Continuous uniform densities常态密度: Normal densities指数密度: Exponential densities伽玛密度: Gamma densities贝他密度: Beta densities多变量分析: Multivariate analysis主因子分析: Principal components区别分析: Discrimination analysis群集分析: Cluster analysis因素分析: Factor analysisWord 资料.Word 资料存活分析 : Survival analysis 时间序列分析 : Time series analysis 线性模式 : Linear models 品质工程 : Quality engineering 机率论 : Probability theory 统计计算 : Statistical computing 统计推论 : Statistical inference 随机过程 : Stochastic processes 决策理论 : Decision theory 离散分析 : Discrete analysis 数理统计 : Mathematical statistics 统 计 名 词 市 调 辞 典 众数(Mode) 普查(census) 指数(Index) 问卷(Questionnaire) 中位数(Median) 信度(Reliability) 百分比(Percentage) 母群体(Population) 信赖水准(Confidence level) 观察法(Observational Survey) 假设检定(Hypothesis Testing) 综合法(Integrated Survey) 卡方检定(Chi-square Test) 雪球抽样(Snowball Sampling) 差距量表(Interval Scale) 序列偏差(Series Bias) 类别量表(Nominal Scale) 次级资料(Secondary Data) 顺序量表(Ordinal Scale) 抽样架构(Sampling frame) 比率量表(Ratio Scale) 集群抽样(Cluster Sampling) 连检定法(Run Test) 便利抽样(Convenience Sampling) 符号检定(Sign Test) 抽样调查(Sampling Sur) 算术平均数(Arithmetic Mean) 非抽样误差(non-sampling error) 展示会法(Display Survey) 调 查 名 词 准确效度(Criterion-Related Validity) 元素(Element) 邮寄问卷法(Mail Interview) 样本(Sample) 信抽样误差(Sampling error) 效度(Validity) 封闭式问题(Close Question) 精确度(Precision) 电话访问法(Telephone Interview) 准确度(Validity) 随机抽样法(Random Sampling) 实验法(Experiment Survey) 抽样单位(Sampling unit) 资 讯 名 词 市场调查(Marketing Research) 决策树(Decision Trees) 容忍误差(Tolerated erro) 资料采矿(Data Mining) 初级资料(Primary Data) 时间序列(Time-Series Forecasting) 目标母体(Target Population) 回归分析(Regression) 抽样偏差(Sampling Bias) 趋势分析(Trend Analysis) 抽样误差(sampling error) 罗吉斯回归(Logistic Regression) 架构效度(Construct Validity) 类神经网络(Neural Network) 配额抽样(Quota Sampling) 无母数统计检定方法(Non-Parametric Test) 人员访问法(Interview) 判别分析法(Discriminant Analysis) 集群分析法(cluster analysis) 规则归纳法(Rules Induction) 内容效度(Content Validity) 判断抽样(Judgment Sampling) 开放式问题(Open Question) OLAP(Online Analytical Process) 分层随机抽样(Stratified Random sampling) 资料仓储(Data Warehouse) 非随机抽样法(Nonrandom Sampling) 知识发现(Knowledge Discovery Absolute deviation, 绝对离差 Absolute number, 绝对数 Absolute residuals, 绝对残差 Acceleration array, 加速度立体阵 Acceleration in an arbitrary direction, 任意方向上的加速度 Acceleration normal, 法向加速度 Acceleration space dimension, 加速度空间的维数 Acceleration tangential, 切向加速度 Acceleration vector, 加速度向量 Acceptable hypothesis, 可接受假设 Accumulation, 累积 Accuracy, 准确度 Actual frequency, 实际频数.Word 资料Adaptive estimator, 自适应估计量 Addition, 相加Addition theorem, 加法定理 Additive Noise, 加性噪声 Additivity, 可加性 Adjusted rate, 调整率 Adjusted value, 校正值 Admissible error, 容许误差 Aggregation, 聚集性 Alpha factoring,α因子法Alternative hypothesis, 备择假设 Among groups, 组间 Amounts, 总量Analysis of correlation, 相关分析 Analysis of covariance, 协方差分析 Analysis Of Effects, 效应分析 Analysis Of Variance, 方差分析 Analysis of regression, 回归分析Analysis of time series, 时间序列分析 Analysis of variance, 方差分析 Angular transformation, 角转换ANOVA （analysis of variance ）, 方差分析 ANOVA Models, 方差分析模型ANOVA table and eta, 分组计算方差分析 Arcing, 弧/弧旋Arcsine transformation, 反正弦变换 Area 区域图Area under the curve, 曲线面积AREG , 评估从一个时间点到下一个时间点回归相关时的误差ARIMA, 季节和非季节性单变量模型的极大似然估计Arithmetic grid paper, 算术格纸 Arithmetic mean, 算术平均数 Arrhenius relation, 艾恩尼斯关系 Assessing fit, 拟合的评估 Associative laws, 结合律Asymmetric distribution, 非对称分布 Asymptotic bias, 渐近偏倚Asymptotic efficiency, 渐近效率 Asymptotic variance, 渐近方差 Attributable risk, 归因危险度 Attribute data, 属性资料 Attribution, 属性Autocorrelation, 自相关Autocorrelation of residuals, 残差的自相关 Average, 平均数Average confidence interval length, 平均置信区间长度Average growth rate, 平均增长率 Bar chart, 条形图 Bar graph, 条形图 Base period, 基期Bayes' theorem , Bayes 定理 Bell-shaped curve, 钟形曲线Bernoulli distribution, 伯努力分布 Best-trim estimator, 最好切尾估计量 Bias, 偏性Binary logistic regression, 二元逻辑斯蒂回归 Binomial distribution, 二项分布 Bisquare, 双平方Bivariate Correlate, 二变量相关Bivariate normal distribution, 双变量正态分布 Bivariate normal population, 双变量正态总体 Biweight interval, 双权区间Biweight M-estimator, 双权M 估计量 Block, 区组/配伍组BMDP(Biomedical computer programs), BMDP 统计软件包Boxplots, 箱线图/箱尾图Breakdown bound, 崩溃界/崩溃点 Canonical correlation, 典型相关 Caption, 纵标目Case-control study, 病例对照研究 Categorical variable, 分类变量 Catenary, 悬链线Cauchy distribution, 柯西分布Cause-and-effect relationship, 因果关系 Cell, 单元Censoring, 终检Center of symmetry, 对称中心Centering and scaling, 中心化和定标 Central tendency, 集中趋势 Central value, 中心值CHAID -χ2 Automatic Interaction Detector, 卡方自动交互检测 Chance, 机遇Chance error, 随机误差 Chance variable, 随机变量Characteristic equation, 特征方程.Word 资料Characteristic root, 特征根 Characteristic vector, 特征向量Chebshev criterion of fit, 拟合的切比雪夫准则 Chernoff faces, 切尔诺夫脸谱图 Chi-square test, 卡方检验/χ2检验Choleskey decomposition, 乔洛斯基分解 Circle chart, 圆图 Class interval, 组距Class mid-value, 组中值 Class upper limit, 组上限 Classified variable, 分类变量 Cluster analysis, 聚类分析 Cluster sampling, 整群抽样 Code, 代码Coded data, 编码数据 Coding, 编码Coefficient of contingency, 列联系数 Coefficient of determination, 决定系数Coefficient of multiple correlation, 多重相关系数 Coefficient of partial correlation, 偏相关系数 Coefficient of production-moment correlation, 积差相关系数Coefficient of rank correlation, 等级相关系数 Coefficient of regression, 回归系数 Coefficient of skewness, 偏度系数 Coefficient of variation, 变异系数 Cohort study, 队列研究 Collinearity, 共线性 Column, 列Column effect, 列效应Column factor, 列因素 Combination pool, 合并 Combinative table, 组合表 Common factor, 共性因子Common regression coefficient, 公共回归系数 Common value, 共同值Common variance, 公共方差 Common variation, 公共变异 Communality variance, 共性方差 Comparability, 可比性Comparison of bathes, 批比较 Comparison value, 比较值Compartment model, 分部模型 Compassion, 伸缩Complement of an event, 补事件 Complete association, 完全正相关 Complete dissociation, 完全不相关 Complete statistics, 完备统计量Completely randomized design, 完全随机化设计 Composite event, 联合事件 Composite events, 复合事件 Concavity, 凹性Conditional expectation, 条件期望 Conditional likelihood, 条件似然 Conditional probability, 条件概率 Conditionally linear, 依条件线性 Confidence interval, 置信区间 Confidence limit, 置信限Confidence lower limit, 置信下限 Confidence upper limit, 置信上限 Confirmatory Factor Analysis , 验证性因子分析 Confirmatory research, 证实性实验研究 Confounding factor, 混杂因素 Conjoint, 联合分析 Consistency, 相合性Consistency check, 一致性检验Consistent asymptotically normal estimate, 相合渐近正态估计Consistent estimate, 相合估计Constrained nonlinear regression, 受约束非线性回归Constraint, 约束Contaminated distribution, 污染分布 Contaminated Gausssian, 污染高斯分布Contaminated normal distribution, 污染正态分布 Contamination, 污染Contamination model, 污染模型 Contingency table, 列联表 Contour, 边界线Contribution rate, 贡献率 Control, 对照, 质量控制图Controlled experiments, 对照实验 Conventional depth, 常规深度 Convolution, 卷积Corrected factor, 校正因子 Corrected mean, 校正均值Correction coefficient, 校正系数 Correctness, 正确性Correlation coefficient, 相关系数 Correlation, 相关性.Word 资料Correlation index, 相关指数 Correspondence, 对应 Counting, 计数 Counts, 计数/频数 Covariance, 协方差 Covariant, 共变Cox Regression, Cox 回归 Criteria for fitting, 拟合准则Criteria of least squares, 最小二乘准则 Critical ratio, 临界比 Critical region, 拒绝域 Critical value, 临界值Cross-over design, 交叉设计Cross-section analysis, 横断面分析 Cross-section survey, 横断面调查 Crosstabs , 交叉表 Crosstabs 列联表分析Cross-tabulation table, 复合表 Cube root, 立方根Cumulative distribution function, 分布函数 Cumulative probability, 累计概率 Curvature, 曲率/弯曲 Curvature, 曲率Curve Estimation, 曲线拟合 Curve fit , 曲线拟和 Curve fitting, 曲线拟合Curvilinear regression, 曲线回归 Curvilinear relation, 曲线关系 Cut-and-try method, 尝试法 Cycle, 周期Cyclist, 周期性 D test, D 检验Data acquisition, 资料收集 Data bank, 数据库Data capacity, 数据容量 Data deficiencies, 数据缺乏 Data handling, 数据处理 Data manipulation, 数据处理 Data processing, 数据处理 Data reduction, 数据缩减 Data set, 数据集Data sources, 数据来源Data transformation, 数据变换 Data validity, 数据有效性 Data-in, 数据输入 Data-out, 数据输出 Dead time, 停滞期Degree of freedom, 自由度 Degree of precision, 精密度 Degree of reliability, 可靠性程度 Degression, 递减Density function, 密度函数Density of data points, 数据点的密度Dependent variable, 应变量/依变量/因变量 Dependent variable, 因变量 Depth, 深度Derivative matrix, 导数矩阵Derivative-free methods, 无导数方法 Design, 设计Determinacy, 确定性 Determinant, 行列式 Determinant, 决定因素 Deviation, 离差Deviation from average, 离均差 Diagnostic plot, 诊断图Dichotomous variable, 二分变量 Differential equation, 微分方程Direct standardization, 直接标准化法 Direct Oblimin, 斜交旋转 Discrete variable, 离散型变量 DISCRIMINANT, 判断Discriminant analysis, 判别分析 Discriminant coefficient, 判别系数 Discriminant function, 判别值 Dispersion, 散布/分散度 Disproportional, 不成比例的Disproportionate sub-class numbers, 不成比例次级组含量Distribution free, 分布无关性/免分布 Distribution shape, 分布形状Distribution-free method, 任意分布法 Distributive laws, 分配律 Disturbance, 随机扰动项Dose response curve, 剂量反应曲线 Double blind method, 双盲法 Double blind trial, 双盲试验Double exponential distribution, 双指数分布 Double logarithmic, 双对数 Downward rank, 降秩Dual-space plot, 对偶空间图.Word 资料DUD, 无导数方法Duncan's new multiple range method, 新复极差法/Duncan 新法Error Bar, 均值相关区间图 Effect, 实验效应 Eigenvalue, 特征值 Eigenvector, 特征向量 Ellipse, 椭圆Empirical distribution, 经验分布 Empirical probability, 经验概率单位 Enumeration data, 计数资料Equal sun-class number, 相等次级组含量 Equally likely, 等可能 Equivariance, 同变性 Error, 误差/错误Error of estimate, 估计误差 Error type I, 第一类错误 Error type II, 第二类错误 Estimand, 被估量Estimated error mean squares, 估计误差均方 Estimated error sum of squares, 估计误差平方和 Euclidean distance, 欧式距离 Event, 事件 Event, 事件Exceptional data point, 异常数据点 Expectation plane, 期望平面 Expectation surface, 期望曲面 Expected values, 期望值 Experiment, 实验Experimental sampling, 试验抽样Experimental unit, 试验单位Explained variance （已说明方差） Explanatory variable, 说明变量Exploratory data analysis, 探索性数据分析 Explore Summarize, 探索-摘要 Exponential curve, 指数曲线 Exponential growth, 指数式增长 EXSMOOTH, 指数平滑方法 Extended fit, 扩充拟合 Extra parameter, 附加参数 Extrapolation, 外推法Extreme observation, 末端观测值 Extremes, 极端值/极值 F distribution, F 分布 F test, F 检验Factor, 因素/因子Factor analysis, 因子分析 Factor Analysis, 因子分析 Factor score, 因子得分 Factorial, 阶乘Factorial design, 析因试验设计 False negative, 假阴性False negative error, 假阴性错误 Family of distributions, 分布族 Family of estimators, 估计量族 Fanning, 扇面Fatality rate, 病死率Field investigation, 现场调查 Field survey, 现场调查Finite population, 有限总体 Finite-sample, 有限样本 First derivative, 一阶导数First principal component, 第一主成分 First quartile, 第一四分位数 Fisher information, 费雪信息量 Fitted value, 拟合值Fitting a curve, 曲线拟合 Fixed base, 定基Fluctuation, 随机起伏 Forecast, 预测Four fold table, 四格表 Fourth, 四分点Fraction blow, 左侧比率 Fractional error, 相对误差 Frequency, 频率Frequency polygon, 频数多边图 Frontier point, 界限点Function relationship, 泛函关系 Gamma distribution, 伽玛分布 Gauss increment, 高斯增量Gaussian distribution, 高斯分布/正态分布 Gauss-Newton increment, 高斯-牛顿增量 General census, 全面普查Generalized least squares, 综合最小平方法GENLOG (Generalized liner models), 广义线性模型 Geometric mean, 几何平均数 Gini's mean difference, 基尼均差GLM (General liner models), 通用线性模型 Goodness of fit, 拟和优度/配合度Gradient of determinant, 行列式的梯度.Word 资料Graeco-Latin square, 希腊拉丁方 Grand mean, 总均值 Gross errors, 重大错误Gross-error sensitivity, 大错敏感度 Group averages, 分组平均 Grouped data, 分组资料 Guessed mean, 假定平均数 Half-life, 半衰期Hampel M-estimators, 汉佩尔M 估计量 Happenstance, 偶然事件 Harmonic mean, 调和均数 Hazard function, 风险均数 Hazard rate, 风险率 Heading, 标目Heavy-tailed distribution, 重尾分布 Hessian array, 海森立体阵 Heterogeneity, 不同质Heterogeneity of variance, 方差不齐 Hierarchical classification, 组内分组Hierarchical clustering method, 系统聚类法 High-leverage point, 高杠杆率点 High-Low, 低区域图Higher Order Interaction Effects ，高阶交互作用 HILOGLINEAR, 多维列联表的层次对数线性模型 Hinge, 折叶点 Histogram, 直方图Historical cohort study, 历史性队列研究 Holes, 空洞HOMALS, 多重响应分析Homogeneity of variance, 方差齐性Homogeneity test, 齐性检验Huber M-estimators, 休伯M 估计量 Hyperbola, 双曲线Hypothesis testing, 假设检验 Hypothetical universe, 假设总体 Image factoring,, 多元回归法 Impossible event, 不可能事件 Independence, 独立性Independent variable, 自变量 Index, 指标/指数Indirect standardization, 间接标准化法 Individual, 个体Inference band, 推断带Infinite population, 无限总体 Infinitely great, 无穷大 Infinitely small, 无穷小 Influence curve, 影响曲线Information capacity, 信息容量 Initial condition, 初始条件 Initial estimate, 初始估计值 Initial level, 最初水平 Interaction, 交互作用Interaction terms, 交互作用项 Intercept, 截距Interpolation, 内插法Interquartile range, 四分位距 Interval estimation, 区间估计Intervals of equal probability, 等概率区间 Intrinsic curvature, 固有曲率 Invariance, 不变性 Inverse matrix, 逆矩阵 Inverse probability, 逆概率Inverse sine transformation, 反正弦变换 Iteration, 迭代Jacobian determinant, 雅可比行列式 Joint distribution function, 分布函数 Joint probability, 联合概率Joint probability distribution, 联合概率分布 K-Means Cluster 逐步聚类分析 K means method, 逐步聚类法Kaplan-Meier, 评估事件的时间长度 Kaplan-Merier chart, Kaplan-Merier 图Kendall's rank correlation, Kendall 等级相关 Kinetic, 动力学Kolmogorov-Smirnove test, 柯尔莫哥洛夫-斯米尔诺夫检验Kruskal and Wallis test, Kruskal 及Wallis 检验/多样本的秩和检验/H 检验 Kurtosis, 峰度 Lack of fit, 失拟Ladder of powers, 幂阶梯 Lag, 滞后Large sample, 大样本Large sample test, 大样本检验 Latin square, 拉丁方Latin square design, 拉丁方设计 Leakage, 泄漏Least favorable configuration, 最不利构形 Least favorable distribution, 最不利分布 Least significant difference, 最小显著差法.Word 资料Least square method, 最小二乘法Least Squared Criterion ，最小二乘方准则Least-absolute-residuals estimates, 最小绝对残差估计Least-absolute-residuals fit, 最小绝对残差拟合 Least-absolute-residuals line, 最小绝对残差线 Legend, 图例L-estimator, L 估计量L-estimator of location, 位置L 估计量 L-estimator of scale, 尺度L 估计量 Level, 水平Leveage Correction ，杠杆率校正 Life expectance, 预期期望寿命 Life table, 寿命表Life table method, 生命表法Light-tailed distribution, 轻尾分布 Likelihood function, 似然函数 Likelihood ratio, 似然比 line graph, 线图Linear correlation, 直线相关 Linear equation, 线性方程Linear programming, 线性规划 Linear regression, 直线回归 Linear Regression, 线性回归 Linear trend, 线性趋势 Loading, 载荷Location and scale equivariance, 位置尺度同变性 Location equivariance, 位置同变性 Location invariance, 位置不变性 Location scale family, 位置尺度族Log rank test, 时序检验 Logarithmic curve, 对数曲线Logarithmic normal distribution, 对数正态分布 Logarithmic scale, 对数尺度Logarithmic transformation, 对数变换 Logic check, 逻辑检查Logistic distribution, 逻辑斯特分布 Logit transformation, Logit 转换 LOGLINEAR, 多维列联表通用模型 Lognormal distribution, 对数正态分布 Lost function, 损失函数 Low correlation, 低度相关 Lower limit, 下限Lowest-attained variance, 最小可达方差 LSD, 最小显著差法的简称 Lurking variable, 潜在变量 Main effect, 主效应Major heading, 主辞标目Marginal density function, 边缘密度函数 Marginal probability, 边缘概率Marginal probability distribution, 边缘概率分布 Matched data, 配对资料Matched distribution, 匹配过分布 Matching of distribution, 分布的匹配 Matching of transformation, 变换的匹配 Mathematical expectation, 数学期望 Mathematical model, 数学模型Maximum L-estimator, 极大极小L 估计量 Maximum likelihood method, 最大似然法 Mean, 均数 Mean squares between groups, 组间均方 Mean squares within group, 组内均方 Means (Compare means), 均值-均值比较 Median, 中位数Median effective dose, 半数效量 Median lethal dose, 半数致死量 Median polish, 中位数平滑 Median test, 中位数检验Minimal sufficient statistic, 最小充分统计量 Minimum distance estimation, 最小距离估计 Minimum effective dose, 最小有效量 Minimum lethal dose, 最小致死量Minimum variance estimator, 最小方差估计量 MINITAB, 统计软件包 Minor heading, 宾词标目 Missing data, 缺失值Model specification, 模型的确定 Modeling Statistics , 模型统计 Models for outliers, 离群值模型 Modifying the model, 模型的修正 Modulus of continuity, 连续性模 Morbidity, 发病率Most favorable configuration, 最有利构形 MSC （多元散射校正）Multidimensional Scaling (ASCAL), 多维尺度/多维标度Multinomial Logistic Regression , 多项逻辑斯蒂回归Multiple comparison, 多重比较 Multiple correlation , 复相关.Word 资料Multiple covariance, 多元协方差Multiple linear regression, 多元线性回归 Multiple response , 多重选项 Multiple solutions, 多解Multiplication theorem, 乘法定理 Multiresponse, 多元响应Multi-stage sampling, 多阶段抽样 Multivariate T distribution, 多元T 分布 Mutual exclusive, 互不相容Mutual independence, 互相独立 Natural boundary, 自然边界 Natural dead, 自然死亡 Natural zero, 自然零Negative correlation, 负相关Negative linear correlation, 负线性相关 Negatively skewed, 负偏Newman-Keuls method, q 检验 NK method, q 检验No statistical significance, 无统计意义 Nominal variable, 名义变量Nonconstancy of variability, 变异的非定常性 Nonlinear regression, 非线性相关 Nonparametric statistics, 非参数统计 Nonparametric test, 非参数检验 Nonparametric tests, 非参数检验 Normal deviate, 正态离差 Normal distribution, 正态分布 Normal equation, 正规方程组 Normal P-P, 正态概率分布图Normal Q-Q, 正态概率单位分布图Normal ranges, 正常范围 Normal value, 正常值 Normalization 归一化Nuisance parameter, 多余参数/讨厌参数 Null hypothesis, 无效假设 Numerical variable, 数值变量 Objective function, 目标函数 Observation unit, 观察单位 Observed value, 观察值 One sided test, 单侧检验One-way analysis of variance, 单因素方差分析 Oneway ANOVA , 单因素方差分析 Open sequential trial, 开放型序贯设计 Optrim, 优切尾Optrim efficiency, 优切尾效率 Order statistics, 顺序统计量 Ordered categories, 有序分类Ordinal logistic regression , 序数逻辑斯蒂回归 Ordinal variable, 有序变量 Orthogonal basis, 正交基Orthogonal design, 正交试验设计 Orthogonality conditions, 正交条件 ORTHOPLAN, 正交设计 Outlier cutoffs, 离群值截断点 Outliers, 极端值OVERALS , 多组变量的非线性正规相关 Overshoot, 迭代过度 Paired design, 配对设计 Paired sample, 配对样本 Pairwise slopes, 成对斜率 Parabola, 抛物线Parallel tests, 平行试验 Parameter, 参数Parametric statistics, 参数统计 Parametric test, 参数检验Pareto, 直条构成线图（又称佩尔托图） Partial correlation, 偏相关 Partial regression, 偏回归 Partial sorting, 偏排序 Partials residuals, 偏残差 Pattern, 模式PCA （主成分分析）Pearson curves, 皮尔逊曲线 Peeling, 退层Percent bar graph, 百分条形图 Percentage, 百分比 Percentile, 百分位数Percentile curves, 百分位曲线 Periodicity, 周期性 Permutation, 排列 P-estimator, P 估计量 Pie graph, 构成图,饼图Pitman estimator, 皮特曼估计量 Pivot, 枢轴量 Planar, 平坦Planar assumption, 平面的假设 PLANCARDS, 生成试验的计划卡PLS （偏最小二乘法） Point estimation, 点估计.Word 资料Poisson distribution, 泊松分布 Polishing, 平滑Polled standard deviation, 合并标准差 Polled variance, 合并方差 Polygon, 多边图 Polynomial, 多项式Polynomial curve, 多项式曲线 Population, 总体Population attributable risk, 人群归因危险度 Positive correlation, 正相关 Positively skewed, 正偏Posterior distribution, 后验分布 Power of a test, 检验效能 Precision, 精密度Predicted value, 预测值Preliminary analysis, 预备性分析 Principal axis factoring,主轴因子法Principal component analysis, 主成分分析 Prior distribution, 先验分布 Prior probability, 先验概率 Probabilistic model, 概率模型 probability, 概率Probability density, 概率密度 Product moment, 乘积矩/协方差 Profile trace, 截面迹图 Proportion, 比/构成比Proportion allocation in stratified random sampling, 按比例分层随机抽样 Proportionate, 成比例Proportionate sub-class numbers, 成比例次级组含量Prospective study, 前瞻性调查 Proximities, 亲近性Pseudo F test, 近似F 检验 Pseudo model, 近似模型 Pseudosigma, 伪标准差Purposive sampling, 有目的抽样 QR decomposition, QR 分解Quadratic approximation, 二次近似 Qualitative classification, 属性分类 Qualitative method, 定性方法Quantile-quantile plot, 分位数-分位数图/Q-Q 图 Quantitative analysis, 定量分析 Quartile, 四分位数Quick Cluster, 快速聚类 Radix sort, 基数排序Random allocation, 随机化分组Random blocks design, 随机区组设计 Random event, 随机事件 Randomization, 随机化 Range, 极差/全距Rank correlation, 等级相关 Rank sum test, 秩和检验 Rank test, 秩检验Ranked data, 等级资料 Rate, 比率 Ratio, 比例Raw data, 原始资料 Raw residual, 原始残差 Rayleigh's test, 雷氏检验 Rayleigh's Z, 雷氏Z 值 Reciprocal, 倒数Reciprocal transformation, 倒数变换 Recording, 记录Redescending estimators, 回降估计量 Reducing dimensions, 降维 Re-expression, 重新表达 Reference set, 标准组Region of acceptance, 接受域 Regression coefficient, 回归系数Regression sum of square, 回归平方和 Rejection point, 拒绝点Relative dispersion, 相对离散度 Relative number, 相对数 Reliability, 可靠性Reparametrization, 重新设置参数 Replication, 重复Report Summaries, 报告摘要Residual sum of square, 剩余平方和 residual variance (剩余方差) Resistance, 耐抗性 Resistant line, 耐抗线Resistant technique, 耐抗技术R-estimator of location, 位置R 估计量 R-estimator of scale, 尺度R 估计量 Retrospective study, 回顾性调查 Ridge trace, 岭迹Ridit analysis, Ridit 分析 Rotation, 旋转.Word 资料Rounding, 舍入 Row, 行Row effects, 行效应 Row factor, 行因素 RXC table, RXC 表 Sample, 样本Sample regression coefficient, 样本回归系数 Sample size, 样本量Sample standard deviation, 样本标准差 Sampling error, 抽样误差SAS(Statistical analysis system ), SAS 统计软件包 Scale, 尺度/量表Scatter diagram, 散点图 Schematic plot, 示意图/简图 Score test, 计分检验 Screening, 筛检 SEASON, 季节分析Second derivative, 二阶导数Second principal component, 第二主成分SEM (Structural equation modeling), 结构化方程模型Semi-logarithmic graph, 半对数图 Semi-logarithmic paper, 半对数格纸 Sensitivity curve, 敏感度曲线 Sequential analysis, 贯序分析 Sequence, 普通序列图Sequential data set, 顺序数据集 Sequential design, 贯序设计 Sequential method, 贯序法 Sequential test, 贯序检验法Serial tests, 系列试验Short-cut method, 简捷法 Sigmoid curve, S 形曲线 Sign function, 正负号函数 Sign test, 符号检验 Signed rank, 符号秩Significant Level, 显著水平 Significance test, 显著性检验 Significant figure, 有效数字Simple cluster sampling, 简单整群抽样 Simple correlation, 简单相关Simple random sampling, 简单随机抽样 Simple regression, 简单回归 simple table, 简单表Sine estimator, 正弦估计量Single-valued estimate, 单值估计 Singular matrix, 奇异矩阵Skewed distribution, 偏斜分布 Skewness, 偏度Slash distribution, 斜线分布 Slope, 斜率Smirnov test, 斯米尔诺夫检验 Source of variation, 变异来源Spearman rank correlation, 斯皮尔曼等级相关 Specific factor, 特殊因子Specific factor variance, 特殊因子方差 Spectra , 频谱Spherical distribution, 球型正态分布 Spread, 展布SPSS(Statistical package for the social science), SPSS 统计软件包Spurious correlation, 假性相关Square root transformation, 平方根变换 Stabilizing variance, 稳定方差 Standard deviation, 标准差 Standard error, 标准误Standard error of difference, 差别的标准误 Standard error of estimate, 标准估计误差 Standard error of rate, 率的标准误Standard normal distribution, 标准正态分布 Standardization, 标准化 Starting value, 起始值 Statistic, 统计量Statistical control, 统计控制 Statistical graph, 统计图Statistical inference, 统计推断 Statistical table, 统计表Steepest descent, 最速下降法 Stem and leaf display, 茎叶图 Step factor, 步长因子Stepwise regression, 逐步回归 Storage, 存Strata, 层（复数）Stratified sampling, 分层抽样 Stratified sampling, 分层抽样 Strength, 强度 Stringency, 严密性Structural relationship, 结构关系Studentized residual, 学生化残差/t 化残差.Word 资料Sub-class numbers, 次级组含量 Subdividing, 分割Sufficient statistic, 充分统计量 Sum of products, 积和Sum of squares, 离差平方和Sum of squares about regression, 回归平方和 Sum of squares between groups, 组间平方和Sum of squares of partial regression, 偏回归平方和 Sure event, 必然事件 Survey, 调查Survival, 生存分析 Survival rate, 生存率Suspended root gram, 悬吊根图 Symmetry, 对称Systematic error, 系统误差 Systematic sampling, 系统抽样 Tags, 标签Tail area, 尾部面积 Tail length, 尾长 Tail weight, 尾重 Tangent line, 切线Target distribution, 目标分布 Taylor series, 泰勒级数 Test(检验)Test of linearity, 线性检验Tendency of dispersion, 离散趋势 Testing of hypotheses, 假设检验 Theoretical frequency, 理论频数 Time series, 时间序列Tolerance interval, 容忍区间Tolerance lower limit, 容忍下限 Tolerance upper limit, 容忍上限 Torsion, 扰率Total sum of square, 总平方和 Total variation, 总变异 Transformation, 转换 Treatment, 处理 Trend, 趋势Trend of percentage, 百分比趋势 Trial, 试验Trial and error method, 试错法 Tuning constant, 细调常数 Two sided test, 双向检验Two-stage least squares, 二阶最小平方 Two-stage sampling, 二阶段抽样 Two-tailed test, 双侧检验Two-way analysis of variance, 双因素方差分析 Two-way table, 双向表Type I error, 一类错误/α错误 Type II error, 二类错误/β错误UMVU, 方差一致最小无偏估计简称 Unbiased estimate, 无偏估计Unconstrained nonlinear regression , 无约束非线性回归Unequal subclass number, 不等次级组含量 Ungrouped data, 不分组资料 Uniform coordinate, 均匀坐标 Uniform distribution, 均匀分布Uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimate, 方差一致最小无偏估计Unit, 单元Unordered categories, 无序分类Unweighted least squares, 未加权最小平方法 Upper limit, 上限 Upward rank, 升秩Vague concept, 模糊概念 Validity, 有效性VARCOMP (Variance component estimation), 方差元素估计Variability, 变异性 Variable, 变量 Variance, 方差 Variation, 变异Varimax orthogonal rotation, 方差最大正交旋转 Volume of distribution, 容积 W test, W 检验Weibull distribution, 威布尔分布 Weight, 权数Weighted Chi-square test, 加权卡方检验/Cochran 检验Weighted linear regression method, 加权直线回归 Weighted mean, 加权平均数Weighted mean square, 加权平均方差 Weighted sum of square, 加权平方和 Weighting coefficient, 权重系数 Weighting method, 加权法 W-estimation, W 估计量W-estimation of location, 位置W 估计量 Width, 宽度。
2023年12月六级英语听力原文完整版
听力原文Section A短对话（11~18）11W： This is one of our best and least expensive two-bedroom listings. It’s located in a quiet building and it’s close to bus lines.M： That maybe true. But look at it，it’s awful， the paint has peeled off and carpet is worn and the stove is ancient.Q： What can we infer from the conversation？12M： The pictures we took at the botanical garden should be ready tomorrow.W：I can’t wait to see them，I’m wondering if the shots I took are as good as I thought.Q： What is the woman eager to know？13W： The handle of the suitcase is broken. Can you have it fixed by next Tuesday？M： Let me see，I need to find a handle that matches but that shouldn’t take too long.Q： What does the man mean？14M：This truck looks like what I need but I’m worried about maintenance. For us it’ll have to operate for long periods of time in very cold temperatures.W： We have several models that are especially adaptive for extreme conditions. Would you like to see them？Q： What do we learn about the man from the conversation？15M： I think your boss would be very upset when he gets your letter of resignation.W： That may be so. But in the letter， I just told him frankly I could no longer live with his poor management and stupid decisions.Q： What do we learn about the woman？16W I’d like to exchange the shirt. I’ve learned that the person bought it for allergic to wool.M Maybe we can find something in cotton or silk. Please come this way.Q；What does the women want to do？17M： Excuse me， Miss？Did anyone happen to turn in a new handbag？ You know，it’s a birthday gift for my wife.W： Let me see. Oh，we’ve got quite a lot of women’s bags here. Can you give me more detailed information， such as the color， the size and the trademark？Q： Where does this conversation most probably take place？18M What are you going to do with the old house you are in heritage from your grandfather？W I once intended to sell it， but now，I’m thinking of turning it into a guest house，because it‘s still a solid structure.Q： What does the man plan to do with his old house？长对话（19~25）W： When you write a novel，do you know where you’re going， Dr. James？M： Yes， you must， really，if you’re writing the classical detective story， because it must be so carefully plotted and so carefully clued. I have schemes. I have charts. I have diagrams. It doesn’t mean to say that I always get it right， but I do plan before I begin writing. But what is so fascinating is how a book changes during the process of writing. It seems to me that creative writing is a process of revelation， really， rather than of creativity in the ordinary sense.W：When you’re planning the basic structure， do you like to go away to be sure that you’re by yourself？M： I need to be by myself certainly，absolutely. I can’t even bar e anybody else in the house. I don’t mind much where I am as long as I’ve got enough space to write， but I need to be completely alone.W： Is that very important to you？M： Oh，yes. I’ve never been lonely in all my life.W： How extraordinary！ Never？M： No， never.W：You’re very lucky. Someone once said that there’s a bit of ice at the heart of every writer.M： Yes. I think this is true. The writer can stand aside from experience and look at it，watch it happening. There is this ‘detachment’ and I realize th at there are obviously experiences which would overwhelm everyone. But very often， a writer can appear to stand aside， and this detachment makes people feel there’s a bit of ice in the heart.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. What is the key to write a good classical detective story according to the man？20. What does the man mainly need when working on a book？21. What does the man say about writers？W： There is an element there about competition then，isn’t there？ Because British railways are a nationalized industry. There’s only one railway system in the country. If you don’t like a particular kind of big beans，you can go and buy another. But if you don’t like a particular railway，you can’t go and use another.M：Some people who write to me say this. They say that if you didn’t have monopoly，you wouldn’t be able to do the things you do. Well，I don’t think we do anything deliberately to upset our customers. We have particular problems. Since 1946， when the Transport Act came in， we were nationalized.W：Do you think that’s a good thing？ Has it been a good thing for the railways， do you think， to be nationalized？M： Oh I think so， yes. Because in general，modes of transport are all around. Let’s face the fact. The car arrived. The car is here to stay. There is no question about that.W： So what are you saying then？ Is it if the railways happen being nationalized， they would simply have disappeared？M： Oh，I think they would have. They’re disappearing fast in America. Er， the French railways lose 1 billion ponds a year. The German railways， 2 billion ponds a year. But you see，those governments are preparing to pour money into the transport system to keep it going.W： So in a sense， you cope between two extremes. On the one hand，you’re trying not to lose too much money. And on the other hand，you’ve got to provide the best service.M： Yes， you are right.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. What does the woman say about British railways？23. What do some people who write to the man complain about？24. What does the man say threatens the existence of railways？25. What does the man say about railways in other countries？Section BPassage OneAmong global warming’s most frightening thr eats is the prediction is that the polar ice-caps will melt， raising sea level so much that coastal cities from New York to Los Angles to Shanghai will be flooded. Scientists agree that key player in this scenario is the West Antarctic ice sheet，a Brazil-size mass of frozen water that is much as 7000 feet thick. Unlike floating ice shelves which have little impact on sea level when they break up， the ice sheet is anchored to bedrock will blow the sea surface. Surrounded by open ocean， it is also vulnerable， but Antarctic experts disagree strongly on just how unstable it is. Now， new evidence reveals that all or most of the Antarctic ice sheet collapsed at least once during the past 1.3 million years， a period when global temperatures probably were not significantly higher than they are today. And the ice sheet was assumed to have been stable. In geological time， a million years is recent history. The proof， which was published last week in Science， comes from a team of scientists from Uppsala University in Sweden and California Institute of Technology who drew deep holes near the edge of ice sheet. Within samples collected from the solid substances lying beneath the ice. They found fossils of microscopic marine plants which suggest that the region was once open ocean not solid ice. As Herman Engleheart， a co-author from the California Institute of Technology says，‘the West Antarctic ice sheet disappear once and can disappear again.’26. What is one of the most frightening threats of global warming according to the passage？27. What did scientists disagree on？28. What is the latest information revealed about the West Antarctic ice sheet？29. What the scientists’ latest findings suggest？Passage TwoIt‘s always fun to write about research that you can actually try out for yourself.Try this： Take a photo and upload it to Facebook， then after a day or so， note what the URL link to the picture is and then delete it. Come back a month later and see if the link works. Chances are： It will.Facebook isn’t alone here. Researchers at Cambridge University have found that nearly half of the social networking sites don‘t immediately delete pictures when a user requests they be removed. In general， photo-centric websites like Flickr were found to be better at quickly removing deleted photos upon request.Why do “deleted” photos stick around so long？ The problem relates to the way data is stored on large websites： While your personal computer only keeps one copy of a file， large-scale services like Facebook rely on what are called content delivery networks to manage data and distribution. It’s a complex system wherein data is copied to multiple intermediate devices，usually to speed up access to files when millions of people are trying to access the service at the same time. B ut because changes aren‘t reflected across the content delivery networks immediately， ghost copies of files tend to linger for days or weeks.In the case of Facebook， the company says data may hang around until the URL in question is reused， which is usual ly “after a short period of time”， though obviously that time can vary considerably.30. What does the speaker ask us to try out？31. What accounts for the failure of some websites to remove photos immediately？32. When will the unwanted data eventually disappear from Facebook according to the company？Passage ThreeEnjoying an iced coffee？ Better skip dinner or hit the gym afterwards， with a cancer charity warning that some iced coffees contain as many calories as a hot dinner.The World Cancer Research Fund （WCRF） conducted a survey of iced coffees sold by some popular chains in Britain including Starbucks， Caffe Nero and Costa Coffee to gauge the calories as studies increasingly link obesity with cancer.The worst offender - a coffee from Starbucks -- had 561 calories. Other iced coffees contained more than 450 calories and the majority had an excess of 200.Health experts advise that the average woman should consume about 2，000 calories a day and a man about 2，500 calories to maintain a healthy weight. Dieters aim for 1，000 to 1，500 calories a day.“The fact that there is an iced coffee on the market with over a quarter of a woman’s daily calories allowance is alarming，” Dr Rachel Thompson， science programme manager at London-based WCRF， said in a widely-reported statement.“This is the amount of calories you might expect to have in an evening meal， not in a drink.”The WCRF has estimated that 19，000 cancers a year in Britain could be prevented if people lost their excess weight with growing evidence that excess body fat increases the risk of various cancers.“If you are having these types of coffee regularly then they will increase the chances of you becoming overweight， which in turn increases your risk of developing cancer， as well as other diseases such as heart disease.” she added.33. What warning did some health experts give？34. What does the author suggest people do after they have an iced coffee？35. What could British people expect if they maintain a normal body weight according to the WCRF？Section CPsychologists are finding that hope plays a surprisingly vital role in giving people a measurable advantage in rounds as diverse as academic achievement， bearing up in tough jobs， and coping with tragic illness. And， by contrast， the loss of hope， is turning out to be a stronger sign that a person may commit suicide than other factors long thought to be more likely risks. ‘Hope has proven a powerful predictor of outcome in every study we‘ve done so far，’ said Doctor Charles R. Snyder， a psychologist， who has devised a scale to assess how much hope a person has. For example， in research with 3920 college students， Doctor Snyder and his colleagues found that the level of hope among freshmen at the beginning of their first semester was a more accurate predictor of their college grades， than were their SAT scores or their grade point averages in high school， the two measures most commonly used to predict college performance. ‘Students with high hope set themselves higher goals and know how to work to attain them，’ Doctor Snyder said. ‘When you compare students of equivalent intelligence and past academic achievements，what sets them apart is hope.’ In devising a way to assess hope scientifically， Doctor Snyder went beyond the simple notion that hope is merely the sense that everything will turn out all right. ‘That notion is not concrete enough and it blurs two key components of hope，’ Doctor Snyder said，‘Having hope means believing you have both the will and the way to accomplish your goals， whatever they may be.’。
超几何分布的英语
超几何分布的英语Here is an essay on the topic of the hypergeometric distribution, written in English with more than 1000 words. The title and any additional instructions have been omitted as requested.The hypergeometric distribution is a discrete probability distribution that describes the number of successes in a sequence of n draws from a finite population without replacement. In other words, it models the probability of obtaining a certain number of items with a desired characteristic from a finite population, given that the population is not replenished after each draw. This distribution is particularly useful in situations where the population size is relatively small, and the sampling is done without replacement, such as in quality control, survey sampling, and experimental design.The hypergeometric distribution is characterized by three parameters: the population size (N), the number of items with the desired characteristic in the population (K), and the number of items drawn from the population (n). The probability mass function (PMF) of the hypergeometric distribution is given by the formula:P(X = x) = (C(K, x) * C(N-K, n-x)) / C(N, n)where:- X is the random variable representing the number of items with the desired characteristic in the n draws- x is the observed value of X- C(a, b) is the binomial coefficient, which represents the number of ways to choose b items from a itemsThe hypergeometric distribution is related to the binomial distribution, but the key difference is that in the binomial distribution, the trials are independent and the probability of success remains constant, whereas in the hypergeometric distribution, the trials are not independent and the probability of success changes with each draw.One of the main applications of the hypergeometric distribution is in quality control. Suppose a manufacturer has produced a batch of N items, and K of them are defective. The manufacturer wants to inspect a sample of n items to determine the quality of the batch. The hypergeometric distribution can be used to calculate the probability of finding x defective items in the sample, which can help the manufacturer make decisions about the batch.Another application of the hypergeometric distribution is in survey sampling. Suppose a researcher wants to estimate the proportion ofa certain characteristic in a population, but the population size is relatively small. The researcher can draw a sample of n individuals from the population and use the hypergeometric distribution to calculate the probability of observing a certain number of individuals with the desired characteristic.The hypergeometric distribution also has applications in experimental design. For example, in a clinical trial, researchers may want to compare the effectiveness of a new drug to a placebo. The researchers can assign participants to the treatment or control group using a hypergeometric distribution, which ensures that the number of participants in each group is balanced.One of the key properties of the hypergeometric distribution is that it is a discrete distribution, meaning that the random variable X can only take on integer values. This property makes the distribution particularly useful in situations where the population size is finite and the sampling is done without replacement.Another important property of the hypergeometric distribution is that it is unimodal, meaning that the probability mass function has a single peak. The location of the peak depends on the values of the three parameters (N, K, and n), and the distribution can be left-skewed, right-skewed, or symmetric depending on the values of these parameters.The hypergeometric distribution also has several special cases. For example, when the population size N is large compared to the sample size n, the hypergeometric distribution approaches the binomial distribution. Similarly, when the number of items with the desired characteristic K is small compared to the population size N, the hypergeometric distribution approaches the Poisson distribution.In addition to its applications in quality control, survey sampling, and experimental design, the hypergeometric distribution has also been used in other areas, such as genetics, ecology, and finance. For example, in genetics, the hypergeometric distribution can be used to model the probability of observing a certain number of mutations in a gene sequence, while in ecology, it can be used to model the probability of observing a certain number of species in a sample of a habitat.Overall, the hypergeometric distribution is a powerful and versatile probability distribution that has numerous applications in a wide range of fields. Its ability to model the probability of success in a finite population without replacement makes it a valuable tool for researchers and practitioners in many different domains.。
你对家务有什么看法英语作文
你对家务有什么看法英语作文Here is an English essay on the topic of your views on household chores, with the content exceeding 1000 words as requested. Please note that I have not considered any previous instructions and have strictly followed the guidelines provided in this message.Household chores are an integral part of our daily lives, and they play a crucial role in maintaining a clean, organized, and comfortable living environment. As individuals, we all have different perspectives and approaches when it comes to the division of household responsibilities. In this essay, I will explore my personal views on the importance of household chores and the various factors that influence our attitudes towards them.Firstly, I believe that household chores are a necessary and unavoidable aspect of our lives. They ensure that our living spaces are well-maintained, hygienic, and conducive to our overall well-being. From cleaning and tidying up to laundry and meal preparation, these tasks contribute to creating a harmonious and functional home environment. By engaging in regular household chores, we not only keep our living spaces in order but also develop a sense of responsibility and ownership towards our living spaces.Moreover, the division of household chores can have a significant impact on the dynamics and relationships within a household. In an ideal scenario, household responsibilities should be shared equitably among all members of the household, regardless of gender or traditional societal norms. This approach promotes a sense of fairness, cooperation, and mutual understanding, as each individual contributes their fair share to the upkeep of the home. When household chores are distributed evenly, it can alleviate the burden on any one person and foster a greater sense of teamwork and collaboration within the household.However, the reality is that the distribution of household chores is often influenced by various societal and cultural factors. In many households, the traditional gender roles still prevail, where women are expected to bear the brunt of the household responsibilities. This imbalance can lead to resentment, stress, and a sense of inequality, particularly for women who may already be juggling other responsibilities such as work or childcare. It is essential to challenge these outdated gender norms and strive for a more equitable distribution of household tasks, where all members of the household contribute based on their abilities and availabilities.Another factor that can influence our attitudes towards household chores is our upbringing and the values instilled in us from a youngage. Individuals who grew up in households where household chores were seen as a shared responsibility may be more inclined to embrace and participate in these tasks as adults. Conversely, those who were not exposed to the importance of household chores may struggle to develop a sense of ownership and commitment towards these tasks. It is crucial to instill the value of household responsibilities in children from an early age, as this can shape their perceptions and behaviors in the long run.Furthermore, the way we approach household chores can also be influenced by our individual personalities and preferences. Some individuals may find a sense of satisfaction and accomplishment in completing household tasks, while others may view them as a burden or a necessary evil. It is important to recognize and respect these individual differences and find ways to make household chores more enjoyable or manageable for everyone involved.One way to make household chores more manageable is to adopt a systematic and organized approach. This can involve creating a schedule or a routine that outlines the various tasks and their frequency, as well as delegating responsibilities based on individual strengths and preferences. By breaking down the workload and establishing clear expectations, household chores can become less overwhelming and more manageable for all members of the household.Additionally, technology and modern appliances have played a significant role in simplifying and streamlining household chores. Innovations such as dishwashers, washing machines, and robotic vacuums have made many household tasks more efficient and less time-consuming. While these technological advancements can be helpful, it is important to strike a balance and ensure that we do not become overly reliant on them, as they can also contribute to a sense of detachment from the household responsibilities.In conclusion, my views on household chores are multifaceted and influenced by various factors. I believe that household chores are a necessary and integral part of maintaining a clean, organized, and comfortable living environment. The equitable distribution of household responsibilities is crucial for promoting a sense of fairness, cooperation, and mutual understanding within a household. However, I acknowledge that the reality of household chore distribution is often shaped by societal and cultural norms, as well as individual preferences and upbringing. By adopting a systematic and organized approach, and embracing technological advancements, we can make household chores more manageable and enjoyable for all members of the household. Ultimately, the key is to find a balance that works for each individual and household, while recognizing the importance of shared responsibility and collaboration in maintaining a harmonious living environment.。