英国酒吧招牌简史

兰国王(1327～1377年在位)
22. gentry [ˈdʒentrɪ] n. 贵族们 23. cognizance [ˈkɒɡnɪz(ə)ns] n. 纹章 24. catch sb.’s imagination：让人感到兴奋、有趣
25. immortalise [ɪˈmɔː(r)t(ə)laɪz] vt. 使不朽 26. Lord Nelson：指霍雷肖·纳尔逊(Horatio
人人都喜欢古色古香的酒吧，那里有橡木横梁、黄铜马饰和熊熊的炉火。然而，无论酒吧本身有多古老，其门外招牌上的 名称可能才是整个酒吧里最具历史意义的东西。
英国在酒吧门外挂出招牌始于罗马人入侵时期。古罗马时期，小酒馆都在门外悬挂葡萄藤来作为酒吧交易的标志。但是， 罗马人来到英国后却发现这里的气候不好，葡萄藤稀缺，于是他们就悬挂灌木作为酒馆的标志。如此一来，“灌木”或“公牛 和灌木”这些名称便一直沿用了下来。
SCtuuldtuyrAe broad
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作为英国文化的一个缩影，酒吧在英国已有数百年的历史。而作为酒吧文化的一部分，酒吧门外的招牌也同样历史悠 久。每一个招牌上都凝结着一段历史，每一个招牌后都隐藏着一个传说。从某种意义上说，读懂了英国的酒吧和酒吧招 牌，就读懂了英国社会的历史文化。
British Pub Signs—a Short History 英国酒吧招牌简史
The idea of the pub sign came to Britain at the time of the Roman invasion. Wine bars in ancient Rome hung bunches of vine leaves outside as trading signs but when the Romans came here they found precious few vines in the inhospitable climate. Instead, they hung up bushes to mark out the inns and the names Bush or Bull & Bush still survive.
水而造的)方舟
14. politic [ˈpɒlətɪk] adj. 明智的，策略的 15. allegiance [əˈliːdʒ(ə)ns] n. 忠贞，效忠 16. heraldry [ˈherəldrɪ] n. 纹章 17. coat of arms：盾形纹章，盾徽
18. Norman Conquest：诺曼征服(以诺曼底公爵威
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◎ By Elaine Saunders 译 / 尤芳
Everyone loves an “Olde Worlde1)” pub with its oak beams, horse brasses2) and roaring log fires. Nevertheless, no matter how old the pub itself, the name on the sign outside is probably the most historic thing about the place.
Heraldry16) has been a recurrent theme, the Black, White, Red and Golden Lions have formed part of the royal coat of arms17) since the time of the Norman Conquest18). The Unicorn19) was in the Scottish arms, the Red Dragon in the Welsh and the White Horse in the Hanoverian20). The Rising Sun was the badge of Edward III21). Local gentry22) often had pubs on their land named after them or parts of their cognizance23) were taken.
直到几个世纪以后，首批真正的酒吧才开始营业。最早的真正意义上 的小酒馆由修道院经营，为朝圣者和前往圣地参加十字军远征的骑士提供 饮食服务。“老耶路撒冷之旅”就是这样一家酒吧，它的地窖开凿于诺丁 汉城堡下面的岩石里。这家酒吧建于1189年，号称是英国最古老的酒吧。 远征的队伍去拜见狮心王理查一世时曾在这里稍事休整。此类主题的酒吧 招牌还有“土耳其人头”“撒拉逊人首脑”以及“羊羔和旗帜”——羊羔 代表耶稣，旗帜代表十字军战士。
Study CAublrtouarde
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(symbolising the Ark13)) and the Anchor (the Christian faith). However, many of the landlords thought it more politic14) to show allegiance15) to the monarch and hastily adopted titles like the King’s Head or the Crown. Henry VIII who ordered the dissolution is, unsurprisingly, the most popularly depicted monarch.
纹章也是酒吧招牌经常使用的主题。自诺曼征服以来，黑色、白 色、红色和金色的雄狮便成为英国王室盾形纹章的一部分。苏格兰纹章里 有“独角兽”，威尔士纹章里有“红龙”，汉诺威王朝的纹章里有“白 马”。英格兰国王爱德华三世的纹章是“旭日”。当地的贵族们经常用自 己的名字或其纹章的一部分为其领地上的酒吧命名。
One of the most affectionate30) tributes is reserved for the Marquis31) of Granby, Commander in Chief of the British army. After the Battle of Warburg32), he bought pubs for all his non-commissioned officers33). His generosity ruined him however and he died in 1770 leaving crushing debts of £37,000.
. 60 New Oriental English
What’s in a Name
名字背后的故事
It would be centuries before the first recognisable pubs opened. Religious houses3) ran the earliest true inns to cater for4) pilgrims5) and knights on their way to the Crusades6) in the Holy Land7). Ye Olde Trip to Jerusalem8), whose cellars9) are carved from the rocks beneath Nottingham Castle, is just such an example. Established in 1189, it claims the title of the oldest pub in England and was a stopover point for forces on their way to meet with Richard the Lionheart10). Other signs on this theme are the Turk’s Head, Saracen’s Head and Lamb & Flag—the lamb representing Christ and the flag the sign of the crusaders.
Anyone who caught the public imagination24) was likely to be immortalised25) such as Lord Nelson26) or Wellington27) and even loveable rogues28) like Dick Turpin29) get a mention.
Even after the dissolution of the Monasteries11) in the 16th Century, some of the names denoting religious connections survived, such as the Mitre12), the Ship
那些深受公众喜爱的名字很有可能因为上了酒吧招牌而得以永恒，比 如“纳尔森勋爵”或“惠灵顿公爵”。招牌上甚至还有像大盗迪克·特平这 样可爱的坏蛋。
不过，最为深情的赞美要留给格兰比侯爵。格兰比侯爵是英军总司令， 瓦尔堡战役之后，他买下大量的酒馆赠与他麾下的所有士官。但他的慷慨之 举也导致了他的破产，1770年他去世时，留下了高达37, 000英镑的巨额债务。
Nelson, 1758～1805)，英国海军中将，世界
著名海军统帅，被誉为“英国皇家海军之
魂”。lord [lɔː(r)d] 勋爵 27. Wellington：惠灵顿公爵(1769~1852)，反拿
破仑战争中的联军统帅之一，以指挥滑铁卢
战役闻名于世。1828年后历任英国首相、外
交大臣、新西兰总督等职。
廉为首的法国封建主对英格兰的征服，始于
1066年)
19. unicorn [ˈjuːnɪˌkɔː(r)n] n. 独角兽，麒麟 20. Hanoverian [ˈhænəʊvə(r)ɪən] n. 汉诺威王