PH电极培训使用说明
pH电极使用说明06-5-29
pH/ORP电极使用说明保证书感谢您购买本公司的系列仪表、传感器及配套产品。
本公司系列产品所配套的pH/ORP传感器有限保证如下：保证期限：电极――自购买之日起未经使用为半年。
本公司向你承诺传感器从购买之日起在上述指定期限内，公司产品所提供的配套传感器均为合格正品，如果在保证期内本公司收到有关此类配套产品缺陷的通知，经查实，本公司将负责免费维修或更换有质量缺陷的配套产品。
在使用过程中对下列原因导致的缺陷不予保修或更换。
A、安装、使用不当造成的线缆断裂、损毁；B、私自拆线或接线造成传感器测量不准；C、不谨慎拆卸造成的玻璃部分破碎或接头松脱；D、未按产品规定的条件使用在超出规范的环境造成的损坏；E、没有按照规定的仓储或运输条件储运造成失效的；F、配套传感器存放时间过长自身会失效，建议即买即用，不要存储。
G、PH传感器敏感部分不宜干燥保存，不使用时不要将养护帽除去；一、pH/ORP电极简述1．了解pH／ORP传感器pH／ORP传感器是工业在线（过程）仪表的一次元件，是电化学仪器的一种消耗性传感器。
由于该传感器的制造工艺、电化学特性、应用方式决定其使用有效时间一般不超过一年，由于其使用环境影响和接触介质危害，选型、使用不当有的可能几周就会失效。
即使不安装使用，随着存储期限延长，电极斜率（灵敏度）也会不断下降；多数电极存储期限超过一年，如果电极头干燥放置也会自然失效。
1、电极的灵敏度随着使用时间的延长，电极斜率会发生衰变，导致测量不够准确，需要经常性的利用pH缓冲溶液进行斜率校正。
校正的周期取决于传感器的选型，对精度的要求，测量溶液对电极特性的影响。
2、早期的pH电极是由两个相互独立的参比和指示电极构成，安装使用不太方便。
随着技术的进步后来合并改进为一支电极使用，称为二复合电极。
又因为介质温度变化对电极pH测量存在影响，出现了带有温度补偿电极的三复合电极。
针对介质对pH电极的影响还派生出许多结构和材料各异的pH测量电极来满足pH仪表的配套应用。
学习和培训pH复合电极的讲义
学习和培训pH 复合电极的讲义实验室测定液体介质的pH 值所使用的是雷磁PHS-3型pH 计，配套使用雷磁的E-201-C 塑壳型pH 复合电极，是市面上典型的pH 复合电极，其结构示意图如下：测量电极指标电极参比电极pH复合电极(导电盐桥)溶液液面加液孔3mol/L KCl图1 pH 复合电极示意图以下，借助上面的结构示意图，和网络上经典的文章资料，摘抄介绍pH 复合电极的结构、性能、类型、使用和维护。
1、什么是pH 复合电极把pH 玻璃电极（测量电极）和参比电极组合在一起的电极就是pH 复合电极。
根据外壳所用材料分塑壳和玻璃两种，常用的是塑料外壳的pH 复合电极。
2、pH 复合电极的结构pH 复合电极主要由外壳，玻璃支持管、内参比电极、内参比溶液、电极球泡，外参比电极、外参比溶液、液接界，电极帽、电极导线、插口组成，下面分别介绍：图2 雷磁E-201-C 结构示意图(1)电极壳：电极壳是包围支持玻璃电极和液接界，盛装外参比电极和溶液的壳体，通常由聚碳酸酯(PC)塑压成型或者用玻璃制成。
PC塑料在有些溶剂中会溶解，如丙酮、四氯化碳、三氯乙烯、四氢呋喃等，在这些溶剂下使用会损坏电极的塑料外壳，此时应改用玻璃外壳的pH复合电极。
可充式的，上部有一开孔，用来补加或替换参比溶液的。
(2)玻璃支持管是连接电极球泡的玻璃管体[1]，是测量电极的壳体，套装在塑料壳体中间。
(3)内参比电极[2]，或叫测量电极：是银/氯化银型电极，主要作用是引出电极电位（测量电位）到座机，要求其测定电位时稳定，受温度波动影响要小。
(4)内参比溶液：是pH=7.0的溶液，用中性磷酸盐和氯化钾配制的混合溶液。
(5)球泡：用特殊玻璃[3]熔融吹制而成，呈球形，膜厚在0.1～0.2mm左右，它作为电极探测端，与待测液体接触，H+浓度产生敏感的响应，产生测量电位，经电极、引线把电信号传导到主机。
例如，以A1表测得的指示电位。
(6)外参比电极：也是银/氯化银型电极，作用是保持一个固定的参照对比电势，要求电位稳定，重现性好，温度系数小（受温度影响小）。
GE系列PH电极使用说明书
Z03.0.0X.6C-12Operating ManualpH electrodesGE xxxKeep for later use.www.greisinger.deCompanies / Brands of the GHMEnglishIndex1GENERAL NOTE (2)2SAFETY (2)2.1I NTENDED U SE (2)2.2S AFETY GUIDELINES (3)2.3S AFETY SIGNS AND SYMBOLS (3)2.4F ORESEEABLE MISUSE (4)2.5S AFETY INSTRUCTIONS (4)3BASICS (6)3.1P H MEASUREMENT (6)3.2D ESIGN OF ELECTRODE (6)3.3F URTHER INFORMATION (7)3.4S ERVICE LIFE (7)4OPERATING AND MAINTENANCE (7)4.1M EASURING AND STORING (7)4.2C ALIBRATION (8)4.3C ARE AND MAINTENANCE (9)5CHOOSE THE RIGHT ELECTRODE (10)6RESHIPMENT AND DISPOSAL (11)6.1R ESHIPMENT (11)6.2D ISPOSAL (11)7MANUFACTURER / DISTRIBUTER (11)8SPECIFICATION (12)1Read this document carefully and get used to the operation of the product before you use it. Keepthis document within easy reach near the product for consulting in case of doubt.22.1 Intended UseThe pH electrodes must be used only according to its intended purpose and under suitable conditions. The electrodes must be operated with suitable measuring devices and be calibrated before first use and afterwards in regular intervals.The safety requirements (see below) have to be observed.The life-time and accuracy of the electrodes depends on adequate selection as well as on proper handling. Please consider therefore the chapters “Choose the right electrode”, “Measuring and storing” and “Maintenance”.Use the device carefully and according to its technical data (do not throw it, strike it, etc.). Protectthe device from dirt.To be sure that there´s no risk arising due to misinterpretation of measured values, the operatormust have further knowledge in case of doubt - the user is liable for any harm/damage resultingfrom misinterpretation due to insufficient knowledge.The manufacturer will assume no liability or warranty in case of usage for other purpose than the intended one, ignoring this manual, operating by unqualified staff as well as unauthorized modifications to the device.2.2 Safety guidelinesThis device has been designed and tested in accordance with the safety regulations for electronic devices.However, its trouble-free operation and reliability cannot be guaranteed unless the standard safety measures and special safety advises given in this manual will be adhered to when using the device.2.3 Safety signs and symbolsThe following signs in this document highlight warnings:Caution! This symbol warns of imminent danger, death, serious injuries and significant damage to property at non-observance.This symbol indicates danger for living tissue as well as a variety of materials, which can be damaged or destroyed when coming into contact with this chemical. Caustic effect, protective equipment required!This Symbol indicates dangers to all living beings that may result in death or acute or chronic health hazards when inhaled, swallowed, or absorbed through the skin of this chemical.This Symbol indicates irritant substances that can cause inflammation on short-term, prolonged or repeated contact with the skin or mucous membranes.Attention! This symbol warns of possible dangers or dangerous situations that can provoke damage to the device or environment at non-observance.Note! This symbol point out processes which can indirectly influence operation, possibly cause incorrect measurement or provoke unforeseen reactions at non-observance.This symbol instructs the use of eye protection which protects the eyes from harmful influences when working with powerful light, UV radiation, laser, chemicals, dust, splinters or weather influences.This symbol instructs the use of protective gloves which offer protection from mechanical, thermal, chemical, biological or electrical hazards.2.4 Foreseeable misuseThe fault-free function and operational safety of the product can only be guaranteed if generally applicable safety precautions and the device-specific safety instructions for this document are observed.If these notices are disregarded, personal injury or death, as well as property damage can occur.This device must not at all be used in potentially explosive environment! The usage of this device at potentially explosive areas increases danger of deflagration, explosion or fire due to sparking.This device is not suitable for medical applications.The device is not suitable for direct contact with food products.Take samples and dispose them correctly after the measurement.2.5 Safety instructionsThis device has been designed and tested in accordance with the safety regulations for electronic devices.However, its trouble-free operation and reliability cannot be guaranteed unless the standard safety measures and special safety advises given in this manual will be adhered to when using the device.The electrodes contain 3 molar KCL, which is acidly. First-Aid-provisions:• Contact with eyes: rinse opened eye with sufficient water, contact oculist • Contact with skin: clean with sufficient water• Swallowing:drink much water. If feeling sick, contact doctorThe electrodes contain glass parts that can cause injuries when broken. There is an elevated risk of injury in conjunction with measurements in food.- Inspect the electrode before and after measurement!- Always measures in samples for measurements in foods. Discard these samples after the measurement!If there is a risk whatsoever involved in running it, the device has to be switched off immediately and to be marked accordingly to avoid re-starting. Operator safety may be a risk if:- there is visible damage to the device - the device is not working as specified- the device has been stored under unsuitable conditions for a longer time.In case of doubt, please return device to manufacturer for repair or maintenance.Do not use this product as safety or emergency stop devices or in any other application where failure of the product could result in personal injury or material damage.Failure to comply with these instructions could result in death or serious injury and material damageWhen interacting with chemicals at least the following points must be ensured: 1. Obey all notes on the container of chemicals.2. Obey all notes in the safety specification sheet of chemicals.3. Consider any statutory provisions guidelines and guidelines of chemicals when disposing!This is also for accidentally spilled chemicals, dried residues, soiled rags or similar.4. Always wear suitable protective clothing (e.g. protection goggles, safety gloves, face mask, etc.)!5. Never eat, drink or smoke in the operational area of chemicals!6. In case of problems instantly consult skilled personnel.Suitable clean-up possibilities (eye wash, etc.) must exist within spitting distance!Trouble-free operation and reliability of the device can only be guaranteed if the device is not subjected to any other climatic conditions than those stated under specification33.1 pH measurementThe pH value describes the acidic or alkaline behaviour of an aqueous solution.pH values below 7 are acidic (smaller values indicate higher acidity), and values above 7 are alkaline; pH 7 = neutral.The pH measurement is very precise, but also sensitive. The measured signals are very weak (high-ohmic), especially when measured in weak or low-ion media. Therefore, always take measures toTo determine the pH value of a solution, it should always be recorded together Array with the measuring temperature, the reason is that most liquids change their pHvalue with the temperature.- avoid interference (electrostatic charges, etc.)- keep plug contacts clean and dry- prevent electrodes (except special waterproof versions) from extended immersion above the shaft- calibrate the electrode at sufficient intervals (see below). The frequency of calibration can range from every hour to several weeks, depending on the electrode and the application.- use a suitable electrode.3.2 Design of electrodeIn most cases so-called combination electrodes are used. That means that all needed elements are integrated in a single electrode (including reference electrode).Sometimes even a temperature sensor is integrated. (The picture shows an electrode withouttemperature sensor)The diaphragm, which establishes a connection between the electrolyte and the liquid to be measured, can be designed in different ways. Clogging or soiling of the diaphragm is a frequent cause of a malfunctioning or sluggish electrode.Always handle the glass membrane with extreme care. The so-called source layer forms there. This is crucial for the measurement and must always be kept moist.3.3 Further informationA pH electrode is a wear part. If the signal is very slow or the required values are no longer observed after careful cleaning and possible regeneration, the electrode must be replaced. When using the electrodes, be aware that various substances in aqueous solutions can corrode glass and that chemicals can produce a chemical reaction with the KCl solution in the electrode, which can result in blockage of the diaphragm.Examples:•In solutions that contain proteins, such as for measurements in medical and biological applications, KCl can cause denaturation of the protein.•Coagulated paints•Solutions that contain high concentrations of silver ionsSubstances that accumulate on the glass membrane or the diaphragm affect the measurement and must be removed regularly. This can be achieved for example with automatic cleaning systems. 3.4 Service lifeThe service life of electrodes is normally at least 8 to 10 months. When cared fordepending on the particular application.Extreme pH values and high temperatures accelerate the aging process.44.1 Measuring and storingThe pH-electrodes have been tested and have been subordinated strict quality controls in all manufacturing-stepsTo keep the optimum efficiency and accuracy for a long time take care of the following points:∙Remove the storing protection-cap and rinse the shaft and pH-glass-diaphragm with distilled water.∙Important! The pH-glass-diaphragm has to be kept wet. When not in use the electrode must be stored in 3 mol/l KCl solution. (GE 103 in 1 mol/l KNO3). If the pH-glass-diaphragm dried out, the performance and the responsiveness are affected. To re-moisten the electrode store it in 3 mol/l KCl solution for 24 hours (GE 103 1 mol/l KNO3).A longer storage of a combination-electrode or a reference-electrode in distillated water willdeplete them of KCl. Please refill KCl-electrolyte (saturated or 3 mol) in time∙Do not touch the glass-diaphragm! Damages on the surface and attrition affect the performance negatively and might even destroy the electrode.∙Before usage perform a visual check of the pH-electrode. If there are air-bubbles in the pH-glass-diaphragm or the outer reference-electrode you can get them out by shaking theelectrode downward.∙For electrodes with liquid electrolytes: For continuous flow of electrolyte the cap sleeve made of rubber, that covers the refill opening, has to be removed before measurements. Theopening has to be closed for storage in order to prevent running down.∙The level of the electrolyte should be over the level of the measured medium. This ensures stable measuring values and reduces pollution of the diaphragm and reference electrolyte.∙Take care that the diaphragm fully contacts the media you want to measure.Minimum depth for e.g. GE 100 20 mm, maximum 80 mm∙Keep cable and plug of the electrode always clean and dry. Otherwise the electric insulation will be lost and consequently measuring errors or other subsequent errors might occur.∙The calibration (adjustment) of the measurement chain (single-rod or measurement and reference electrode) has to be performed according to the device manufacturer. The“asymmetry” is adjusted with help of an buffer solution with a value at the chain’s zero point(e.g. pH 7.0). T he “slope” is adjusted with help of a second buffer solution, whose pH valueshould match the expected measuring range (e.g. pH 4.0; pH 10.0; pH 12.0), but at least 2 pH units different from the first value.∙The electrode has to be stored in dry rooms at temperatures between 10°C to 30°C. Below –5°C the electrode might be damaged because of freezing of the electrolyte. We recommend to store the electrode vertically with the cable to the upper side.∙The pH-electrode should be arranged vertically upwards with the connecting cable.A slight angle of inclination does not impair the measurement4.2 CalibrationThe electrodes have to be calibrated (adjusted) in regular intervals. The length of the intervals depends on the accuracy requirements, the application and the electrode.If asymmetry or slope cannot be adjusted any longer, it’s a sign thata) the electrode is exhausted and has to be exchanged, orb) the electrode is polluted and has to be cleansed (see below), orc) the buffer solution is exhausted (prepare new solution). Prepared buffer solution have alimited life time (about 1 month) when using/calibrating it thoroughly (no procrastination ofbuffer solution residua from one solution to an other one through cleaning and drying theelectrode not enough)Buffer-capsules have no lifetime limitations, therefor we recommend keeping a sufficient number of them in stock.pH 12 buffer capsules (white) have to be stored in an exsiccator or stored together with drying agent.As an alternative to the buffer capsules the PHL buffer solutions are available. They are stored in practical 250 ml dosage bottles and are ready-to-use (keep the best-before at the buffer solutions in mind).The electrolyte (mostly 3 mol/l KCl) should be always available for refilling, too. (e.g. contained in working and calibration set GAK 1400).4.3 Care and maintenance∙ For electrodes with liquid electrolyte: Check level of reference electrolyte and, if necessary, refill 3 mol/l KCl solution with help of an syringe or pipette . ∙ Normal cleaning takes place with the GRL 100 pepsin cleaning solution into which the electrode is immersed for 5 - 10 minutes before being rinsed off with clean water.Crystallisation of the 3 mol/l KCL solution is unavoidable. Crystallised potassium chloride on the protective cap and shaft can easily be removed with a fingernail or cloth and is therefore not a defect or grounds for complaint.∙ Dirty electrodes must be cleaned. The suitable cleaning agents for the pH glass membrane are listed in the table below. ∙ Mechanical cleansing should be avoided as this might damage the electrode permanently. Therefore a chemical cleansing is preferable.The material of the pH probe must always be protected. Plastic shafts must not be cleaned insolvents, etc. If in doubt, contact the manufacturer to inquire about suitable cleaners for the existing electrode. This is also important in the case of aggressive substances or other substances that are not primarily water-based!The GAK 1400 working and calibration set includes all necessary products for calibration, care and maintenance of the electrode.For most applications, the GE 114 or the GE 100 can be used.Some different applications requires a special electrode.GE 100 is a universal electrode with two ceramic diaphragms and liquid.GE 101 is preferably used for small sample amounts. It comprises a glass electrode with two ceramic diaphragms and liquid electrolyte.GE 104 is preferably used for measurements in low-ionic media, such as rainwater, aquarium water and deionized water.GE 114 is a universally applicable, durable and low-maintenance gel electrode with Pellon diaphragm. It can be used for measurements in drinking water, swimming pools,aquaria and slightly contaminated waste water.GE 117 is a temperature-compensated gel electrode with two ceramic diaphragms and PH13.5 cable screw coupling.GE 120 is an insertion electrode and is preferably used for measurements in cheese, fruit and meat. For measurements in products containing proteins, the electrode must becleaned with a special cleaner. For this purpose, we recommend the GRL 100 pepsincleaning solution.Z03.0.0X.6C-12Operating manual GE xxx seriepage 11 of 12GE 126 is a extremely low-maintenance and long-term stable gel electrode with ceramic diaphragm.GE 135 is a waterproof, universally applicable, durable and low-maintenance gel electrode with ceramic diaphragm. It can be immersed above the shaft for an extended time. GE 151 is a glass electrode and is preferably used in galvanic applications for paints and lacquers.GE 173is an alkaline-resistant glass electrode with ground diaphragm and gel electrolyte for chemical and waste water applications.66.1 ReshipmentAll devices returned to the manufacturer have to be free of any residual of measuring media and other hazardous substances.Measuring residuals at housing or sensor may be a risk for persons or environment Use an adequate transport package for reshipment, especially for fully functional devices. Please make sure that the device is protected in the package by enough packing materials.Add the completed reshipment form of the GHM website.6.2 DisposalThe device must not be disposed of with household waste. Return it to us, freight prepaid. We will then arrange for the proper and environmentally-friendly disposal. Private end users in Germany have the possibility of dropping off the product at the municipal collection centre.7GHM GROUP – GreisingerGHM Messtechnik GmbH Hans-Sachs-Str. 26 93128 Regenstauf Germany+49 9402 9383-0 | ****************** | www.greisinger.de WEEE-Reg.-Nr.: DE 93889386Z03.0.0X.6C-12 Operating manual GE xxx serie page 12 of 12⑤) no longer available*) Note: cable GEAK-2S7-BNC or GEAK-5S7-BNC is needed for connection S7 (additional adapter GAD 1 BNC is required for measurement devices with cinch plug)。
PH电极-使用说明书
1.1 示意图-图 1.1
7660型 – 不锈钢，在线流速系统。
电流输出
7661型 – PVDF， 1英 寸 流 速 系 统 。 7652型-聚丙烯，2英寸在线系统，具有2英寸 BS10 表E法兰配件。 7654型-聚丙烯，1米（额定）浸入系统。 7664型-PVDF，1米（额定）浸入系统。 7655型-聚丙烯，2米（额定）浸入系统。 7665型-PVDF，2米（额定）浸入系统。 7656型-聚丙烯，3米（额定）浸入系统。
!
动力流动 超声波 机械刷洗
3.1 选址 3.1.1 工作极限 7651型（流速型）详情见图3.1A pH范围： 0至14 工作温度范围： 0至100℃（32℃至212 ） 最大工作温度： 100℃在2.1bar时（212 在30psi时） 最大工作压力 在25 （77 ）： 10.6bar（150psi） 7652 型（在线型）详情见图3.1B pH范围： 0至14 工作温度范围： 0至70 （32至158 ） 最大工作温度： 70 （158 ），无压力 最大工作压力 在25 （77 ）： 2.6 bar（37psi） 7654/5/6型（浸入型） pH 范围： 0至14 工作温度范围： 0至80℃（32至176 ） 最大工作温度： 80 在2.8bar时（176 在40psi时） 最大工作压力 在25 （77 ）： 2.8 bar（40psi） 7660 型（流速型） pH 范围： 工作温度范围： 最大工见相应的说明书-零件号 IM/7600-CLN。
红色（测量电极）
黑色（参考电极） A-氧化还原（ORP）与手动 温度补偿系统
4
2
…2.2 确认电极类型
7600 系列 pH/氧化还原电极系统 系统类型及材料 注：对于使用 机械 或 超声 波清洗的 1 米及 2 米浸入系统， 请参见单独的规格单。 76 聚丙烯系统 具有 1/2 英寸及 1 英寸过程连接的流速系统 具有 2 英寸 BS 10 表 E 法兰连接的流速系统 浸入系统-1 米（39 英寸） 浸入系统-2 米（78 英寸） 浸入系统-3 米（118 英寸） 不锈钢系统 具有 3/8 英寸 NPT 过程连接的流速系统 注： 对于浸入系统中的超声 波及机械清洗，参见相应的手册 以了解电极详情。 连接电缆长度及类型 PVDF 系统 具有 1/2 英寸及 1 英寸过程连接的流速系统 浸入系统-1 米（39 英寸） 浸入系统-2 米（78 英寸） 具有自动温度补偿 无电缆 3 米（10 英尺）长度 5 米（16 英尺）长度 10 米（33 英尺）长度 20 米（66 英尺）长度 特殊长度 对于氧化还原（ORP） 无电缆 3 米（10 英尺）长度 5 米（16 英尺）长度 10 米（33 英尺）长度 20 米（66 英尺）长度 特殊长度 无传感器 1720-000 通用玻璃电极 1730-000 标准参考电极 1750-000PT100 温度补偿器 建议用于工业过程/废水 1722-000 低电阻玻璃电极 *1730-000 标准参考电极 1750-000PT100 温度补偿器 建议用于便携水 1721-000 锥形玻璃电极 1730-000 标准参考电极 1750-000PT100 温度补偿器 用于工业应用中的超声波清洗机 1723-000 低电阻锥形玻璃电极 *1730-000 标准参考电极 1750-000PT100 温度补偿器 建议用于需要超声波清洗的便携水 1740-000 铂电极（氧化还原/ORP） 1730-000 标准参考电极 用于氧化还原/ORP 应用 1741-000 锑电极（pH） 1730-000 标准参考电极 建议用于样品中有氢氟酸时的 pH 应用 1724-000 高温玻璃电极 1730-000 标准参考电极 1750-000PT100 温度补偿器 用于高温应用 表 2.1 电极数据 XX 51 52 54 55 56 60 61 64 65 / 0
pH电极的正确使用方法说明书
pH电极的正确使用方法说明书为了保证准确、可靠地进行pH值测量，正确使用pH电极至关重要。
本说明书将详细介绍pH电极的正确使用方法，以确保您能够正确操作并获得准确的测试结果。
一、pH电极简介pH电极是一种用于测量物质酸碱度的传感器。
它由一个玻璃膜和一个参比电极组成。
玻璃膜起到感应物质酸碱度的作用，参比电极提供与外部环境相对稳定的电位。
合理使用pH电极可以给出精准的pH 值测量结果。
二、使用前的准备1. 确保pH电极的尖端和连接部分干净，没有沾染杂质或污渍。
2. 检查pH电极的连接线是否完好无损，确保连接插头没有生锈和变形现象。
3. 若是新购买的pH电极，需要进行预处理。
根据电极的说明书，对电极进行初次使用前的校准、清洗和贮存条件的准备。
4. 检查电极的有效期，过期的电极不能使用。
三、使用过程1. 将pH电极插入待测物质中，确保玻璃膜不接触容器壁或底部，以免受到外界因素的干扰。
2. 搅拌待测物质，以使溶液均匀。
搅拌时应避免接触到玻璃膜，以免损坏电极。
3. 等待pH值稳定。
通常需要等待几秒钟到几分钟，直到测量到的pH值稳定不再变化。
4. 读取pH值显示，并记录下来。
注意，读取后应及时将pH电极取出，以免影响电极寿命。
5. 测量结束后，用去离子水将pH电极洗净，以去除附着在电极表面的杂质。
6. 请勿将电极置于酸碱溶液中长时间存放，以免损坏电极。
四、校准和维护1. 定期校准pH电极，以确保测量结果的准确性。
校准过程可以参考电极附带的校准液或标准缓冲溶液的说明书。
2. 校准时，先使用酸性标准缓冲溶液进行校准，然后使用碱性标准缓冲溶液进行校准。
确保校准液和待测样品的温度相近，以避免温度对测量结果的影响。
3. 严格按照电极的维护要求进行保养。
定期清洗电极，避免电极表面沾染杂质。
使用完毕后，将电极存放在干燥、温度适宜、无阳光直射的环境中。
五、注意事项1. 使用pH电极时应避免接触尖锐物体和硬物，以免损坏电极的玻璃膜。
ph计培训课件
根据需要选择合适的适 配器，并将其安装在ph
计上。
将电极放置在需要测量 的溶液中，确保电极充
分浸没。
打开ph计电源，等待稳 定后即可开始测量。
调试与校准
01
02
03
04
校准ph计
在测量前，需要对ph计进行 校准。通常使用标准缓冲液进
行校准。
检查测量精度
通过对比实际测量值与标准值 ，检查ph计的测量精度是否
测量
将ph计放入待测溶液中，稳定 后读取测量结果。
数据记录
及时记录测量结果，便于后续 分析和处理。
常见问题及解决方法
测量结果不准确
可能是由于电极老化或校准不当 所致，需要更换电极或重新校准
。
设备无响应
检查电源和信号线是否正常连接， 设备是否开启。
显示异常
可能是由于设备故障或内部元件损 坏，需要联系专业人员进行检修。
ph计的种类
总结词
PH计有多种类型，包括实验室用、工业用和便携式等。
详细描述
根据使用环境和需求的不同，PH计有多种类型。实验室用的PH计通常精度较高，适用于科学研究和分析。工业 用的PH计通常较大，适用于连续监测和控制生产过程。便携式的PH计则便于携带，适用于现场测量和野外调查 。不同类型的PH计在精度、稳定性和使用方便性等方面也有所不同。
食品加工行业
控制食品加工过程中的酸碱度 ，保证食品质量和安全。
检测食品原料和成品的酸碱度 ，确保符合食品安全标准。
研究食品中物质的酸碱性质， 为食品营养和口感提供参考。
05
ph计的选购与选型
选购要点
量程范围
选择量程范围适合实际测量需求的ph计，以 确保测量精度和准确性。
雷磁 E-201G E-301G pH 复合电极使用说明书
上海雷磁pH复合电极使用说明书
E-201, E- 201-D/CF/P/LC, E-201G/F, E-301-D/CF, E-301F/G, 65-1/1C温度范围: 5-60℃pH测量范围: 0-14pH
1.将ph复合电极保护瓶盖旋开，依次拆下电极保护瓶及电极保护瓶盖。
2.将ph复合电极测量端向下，捏住电极帽空甩数次，使球泡内充满溶液没有气泡。
3.将电极加液口保持开启状态井将电极插头与pH计连接，在标准缓冲溶液中进行校正。
（校正过程请参阅pH计说明书)
4.开始测量。
(电极校准和测量的过程中需保证外参比液面高于被测液面10mm以上)使用完毕后请及时清洗电极。
注: E-201无需添加外参比溶液；E-201G，E-301G的保护脚可以旋下便于清洗; E-301-D/CF，E-301G/F配有温度插头，可同时测量样品温度;E-201-CF,E-301-CF插头配有防水件，需与仪器配合使用。
1.请在电极保护瓶内添加适量3.Omol/L氯化钾溶液，将电极插入并使电极测量端完全浸没于氧化钾溶液中。
2.关闭加液口，将ph复合电极放回包装盒室温保存。
1.本产品接触样品的部件含有聚碳酸酯、硅橡胶材料(65-1/1C除外)和玻璃组件，测量样品前请确认您的样品溶液对以上材料没有伤害。
2.始终保持电极插头的清洁、干燥，保持电极编号完好。
切勿擅自更换电极部件，否则您无法享受该产品相关的售后服务。
1.自产品生产日起一年内，客户拆盒使用时应能满足各项技术指标。
2.如用户拆盒使用时，发现产品因质量问题不能正常测量，我公司负责进行检测、维修。
梅特勒PH电极的使用、保养与维护
3.5 电极的再生：用 9895 再生液处理（见 5
所附使用说明）。再生只能有限的延长电极的寿 命。 3.6 添加电解液：对于 465 和 InPro2000 系 列电极使用时应注意及时添加电解液。
3.7 护套保压：对于需要加压的 465 和
InPro2000 系列电极使用时应注意经常观察护套 上的压力表读数。原则上护套内的压力应比反应
硫脲/HCl 用来清洗发黑的隔膜，它是由含硫 溶液引起的。使用方法：将电极头部浸泡在溶液
中（隔膜应没入溶液中），直到隔膜无色（至少 1
小时），然后浸泡在 3M 的 KCl 中过夜，完全冲洗， 重新校准后可使用。 5.3 电极再生液（9895）
敏感膜向下手持电极，把电极再生液滴在敏
感膜上，沿轴线不断旋转电极，建议保持 3 分钟 左右，然后立即用去离子水彻底冲洗电极并将电
照取证。
1.3 如外包装完好但电极损坏请立即和梅特
勒-托利多联系。并将电极连同质保卡、说明书 以及原包装寄回梅特勒-托利多。 1.4 使用前请仔细阅读电极的使用说明书。 如果电极的隔膜有硅胶覆盖，在使用前用电极附 带的小刀小心的将硅胶刮掉，方向应从前向后，
压成簿饼，辗成粉末。然后把乱七八糟的你一锅煮了喂猪
器内压力高 1.5Bar 以上。 注：当被测介质对电极有硫化物污染或蛋白 质污染时，应及时处理。
4.pH 电极的保存
压成簿饼，辗成粉末。然后把乱七八糟的你一锅煮了喂猪
4.1 电极较长时间不用时应按说明书要求保
存在合适的液体中。
4.2 电极不能长期干放，不能在表面附有干
燥介质时贮存电极。干放的电极应先放在合适的 保存液中活化后才能使用。 4.3InPro3030/3100 系列在 pH4 的缓冲液中 活化，其余可在 3MHCl（或饱和 KCl）中活化。
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PH 电极培训使用说明
1. 检查
① 拿到新电极测量前一定不要拆封套管上的白色密封条；
② 新电极校正如果信号异常，将电极编号、数据发送到support@ 邮箱； ③ PH 电极在3
个月售后期内电极信号出现异常，将电极编号、数据、尖端照片发送到
support@ 邮箱。
2. 稳定
：
2.1
取出储存液：打开PH 微电极，移去下端的橡胶塞，倒净管中的储存液（蒸馏水）。
此液体可用于以后储存。
然后移去保护管中部的封口膜，露出保护管的小孔后，迅速将电极放入水溶液中；
2.2 注意：pH
微电极的尖端应当一直保存在水溶液中，尽量避免长时间（不超过10分钟）暴
露在空气中；
2.3 将PH 电极和参比电极一起放置于中性缓冲溶液中进行稳定。
3. 校正
3.1
PH4.0标准缓冲溶液：将标准PH
值为4.0的粉末定容至
250毫升容量瓶，所获得的即为PH=4.0
缓冲溶液，然后将电极和参比电极一起放置于该溶液中读取相应信号值；
3.2
PH6.86标准缓冲溶液：
将标准PH 值为6.86
的粉末定容至250
毫升容量瓶，所获得的即PH=6.86
缓冲溶液，然后将电极和参比电极一起放置于该溶液中读取相应信号值；
3.3
PH9.18标准缓冲溶液：将标准PH 值为9.18
的粉末定容至250毫升容量瓶，所获得的即PH=9.18缓冲溶液，然后将电极和参比电极一起放置于该溶液中读取相应信号值；
3.4 PH 电极线性范围4-9，测量范围2-10，所以建议多点校正，最少取三个校正点； 3.5 PH
4.0和6.86之间差值在143mv-200mv 之间。
3.6 注意：
1）如果待测样品的PH 值小于4或者大于10，可以在这个范围内多做几个标准溶液点来拟合曲线，减少测量精度的误差；
2）pH 电极的精度0.1，所以信号在5-7mv 范围内波动属正常； 3）校正时要保持校正液和待测液温度、噪音一致；
4）做校正时建议先做中性，再做酸性，最后再做碱性校正（碱性稳定的时间要长些）。
4. 测定
4.1 测量样品时电极尖端外径的选择：
● 穿刺陌生的样品前请一定先咨询是否所配的微电极为合适的尺寸，防止弄断电极； ● 生物膜、颗粒污泥、动物组织器官建议用25微米（10微米太细，嵌套式结构容易堵 ● 研究沉积物表层几毫米用25微米； ● 研究沉积物表层几厘米用100微米；
● 研究沉积物表层几十厘米用500微米或针电极； ● 研究沙滩用针电极；
● 植物组织器官根据软硬不同用25微米、50微米，硬的组织要用风钻钻孔将针电极放进去
测量；
● 测量溶液用500微米或针电极。
● 建议测不同样品要比常规电极粗一号，因为pH 电极是嵌套式结构，电极尖端太细比较容
易堵塞，不容易清洗，并且容易损伤。
4.2 新手建议拿假电极练习，要防止电极取放及测量前后碰到硬的东西蹭断电极。
假电极练熟 后可用新电极先测豆腐和果冻等样品，熟练后再测量样品； 4.3 穿刺样品之前用绳子将推进器和支架绑好； 4.4 测定之前要检查螺丝是否松动； 4.4 电极要轻拿轻放，不能尖端朝上； 4.5 测定样品时间间隔：测12,秒，停12秒； 4.6 测量过程中电脑一定不能设置成休眠模式； 4.7 测量完成后一定要先关软件，再拔电极；
4.8 用马达操作时，向下运动设置成正值，向上运动设置成负值，同时设置运动距离时一定 不能设置到最顶端或者最底端；
4.9 马达的测量步径不能小于微电极尖端外径，例如尖端直径50微米，选择微电极运动步 进至少要50微米；
4.10 穿刺样品时，必须固定好样品，不能让电极尖端产生横向位移；
4.11 请测完一个样品后立即回测校正液，如果差值有偏离请立即参照5清洗的方法进行 清洗；
4.12 PH 电极测定时不允许接地线，不能和NO 电极同时使用；
4.13 pH 电极强度不大，建议不要穿刺较硬的样品如苹果、橙子等； 4.14 PH 电极不能测定没有湿度的样品（必须有水才能与参比电极形成闭合回路）； 4.15穿刺动物组织时的注意事项：
● 测量前最好能按动物体重注射肝素，防止微电极尖端由于凝血而测不了；
● 动物体内心脏和胃的振动很大，测小鼠肾脏和肝脏等器官时要设计小的装置把这些器官和
振源隔离使之接收不到振动，这样微电极就不会断。
测量较大的动物如兔子，可用纱布将胃绑住往边上拽，确保其他器官不会随胃振动即可；
● 由于灌注作用，穿刺器官时要刺100微米再退20-30微米，有进有退； ● 每次测样后要用酒精清洗电极尖端，再用蒸馏水冲洗尖端；
● 穿刺组织时如果有微量的震动，要沿着震动的方向进针，防止电极尖端产生横向位移，容
易破碎。
5. 清洗
5.1 PH 电极清洗：先用酒精冲洗尖端，再用0.01 M 盐酸冲洗，接着用pH 4.01缓冲液冲洗，最后用蒸馏水冲洗干净。
5.2 参比电极清洗：参比电极测量完成后可用去离子水清洗，微参比可以用70%的乙醇溶液清洗参比电极数分钟，然后用1M 的HCl 溶液清洗，再用去离子水清洗。
6. 储存
6.1 PH 电极储存
长期贮藏时，应当将电极顶端浸没在蒸馏水的套管中，保持尖端处于湿润状态；
6.2 参比电极储存
测量间隙，应当将电极浸没在3M
的KCl
溶液中。
7.
故障诊断与排除
7.1
pH
微电极的灵敏度低，信号稳定且不随pH 变化而改变，放置在每种缓冲溶液中的信号
值大约都是50mv 左右，说明pH 电极敏感尖端受到物理损伤，需要更换新电极； 7.2 pH 电极在不同缓冲液中的信号值稳定很慢而且信号值差值要小于经验值，有可能是电极 尖端堵塞了，可以先用酒精冲洗尖端，然后用0.01 M 盐酸冲洗，接着用pH 4.01缓冲液冲 洗。
注：左侧框由培训人打钩，右侧框由用户打钩。
培训人： 用户：
培训日期： 培训日期：。