Suplatast_Tosilate_COA_20618_MedChemExpress
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HPLC ASSAY with DETERMINATION OF META-FLUOXETINE HCl.ANALYTICAL METHOD VALIDATION10 and 20mg Fluoxetine Capsules HPLC DeterminationFLUOXETINE HClC17H18F3NO•HClM.W. = 345.79CAS — 59333-67-4STABILITY INDICATINGA S S A Y V A L I D A T I O NMethod is suitable for:ýIn-process controlþProduct ReleaseþStability indicating analysis (Suitability - US/EU Product) CAUTIONFLUOXETINE HYDROCHLORIDE IS A HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL AND SHOULD BE HANDLED ONLY UNDER CONDITIONS SUITABLE FOR HAZARDOUS WORK.IT IS HIGHLY PRESSURE SENSITIVE AND ADEQUATE PRECAUTIONS SHOULD BE TAKEN TO AVOID ANY MECHANICAL FORCE (SUCH AS GRINDING, CRUSHING, ETC.) ON THE POWDER.ED. N0: 04Effective Date:APPROVED::HPLC ASSAY with DETERMINATION OF META-FLUOXETINE HCl.ANALYTICAL METHOD VALIDATION10 and 20mg Fluoxetine Capsules HPLC DeterminationTABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................ PRECISION............................................................................................................................... System Repeatability ................................................................................................................ Method Repeatability................................................................................................................. Intermediate Precision .............................................................................................................. LINEARITY................................................................................................................................ RANGE...................................................................................................................................... ACCURACY............................................................................................................................... Accuracy of Standard Injections................................................................................................ Accuracy of the Drug Product.................................................................................................... VALIDATION OF FLUOXETINE HCl AT LOW CONCENTRATION........................................... Linearity at Low Concentrations................................................................................................. Accuracy of Fluoxetine HCl at Low Concentration..................................................................... System Repeatability................................................................................................................. Quantitation Limit....................................................................................................................... Detection Limit........................................................................................................................... VALIDATION FOR META-FLUOXETINE HCl (POSSIBLE IMPURITIES).................................. Meta-Fluoxetine HCl linearity at 0.05% - 1.0%........................................................................... Detection Limit for Fluoxetine HCl.............................................................................................. Quantitation Limit for Meta Fluoxetine HCl................................................................................ Accuracy for Meta-Fluoxetine HCl ............................................................................................ Method Repeatability for Meta-Fluoxetine HCl........................................................................... Intermediate Precision for Meta-Fluoxetine HCl......................................................................... SPECIFICITY - STABILITY INDICATING EVALUATION OF THE METHOD............................. FORCED DEGRADATION OF FINISHED PRODUCT AND STANDARD..................................1. Unstressed analysis...............................................................................................................2. Acid Hydrolysis stressed analysis..........................................................................................3. Base hydrolysis stressed analysis.........................................................................................4. Oxidation stressed analysis...................................................................................................5. Sunlight stressed analysis.....................................................................................................6. Heat of solution stressed analysis.........................................................................................7. Heat of powder stressed analysis.......................................................................................... System Suitability stressed analysis.......................................................................................... Placebo...................................................................................................................................... STABILITY OF STANDARD AND SAMPLE SOLUTIONS......................................................... Standard Solution...................................................................................................................... Sample Solutions....................................................................................................................... ROBUSTNESS.......................................................................................................................... Extraction................................................................................................................................... Factorial Design......................................................................................................................... CONCLUSION...........................................................................................................................ED. N0: 04Effective Date:APPROVED::HPLC ASSAY with DETERMINATION OF META-FLUOXETINE HCl.ANALYTICAL METHOD VALIDATION10 and 20mg Fluoxetine Capsules HPLC DeterminationBACKGROUNDTherapeutically, Fluoxetine hydrochloride is a classified as a selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor. Effectively used for the treatment of various depressions. Fluoxetine hydrochloride has been shown to have comparable efficacy to tricyclic antidepressants but with fewer anticholinergic side effects. The patent expiry becomes effective in 2001 (US). INTRODUCTIONFluoxetine capsules were prepared in two dosage strengths: 10mg and 20mg dosage strengths with the same capsule weight. The formulas are essentially similar and geometrically equivalent with the same ingredients and proportions. Minor changes in non-active proportions account for the change in active ingredient amounts from the 10 and 20 mg strength.The following validation, for the method SI-IAG-206-02 , includes assay and determination of Meta-Fluoxetine by HPLC, is based on the analytical method validation SI-IAG-209-06. Currently the method is the in-house method performed for Stability Studies. The Validation was performed on the 20mg dosage samples, IAG-21-001 and IAG-21-002.In the forced degradation studies, the two placebo samples were also used. PRECISIONSYSTEM REPEATABILITYFive replicate injections of the standard solution at the concentration of 0.4242mg/mL as described in method SI-IAG-206-02 were made and the relative standard deviation (RSD) of the peak areas was calculated.SAMPLE PEAK AREA#15390#25406#35405#45405#55406Average5402.7SD 6.1% RSD0.1ED. N0: 04Effective Date:APPROVED::HPLC ASSAY with DETERMINATION OF META-FLUOXETINE HCl.ANALYTICAL METHOD VALIDATION10 and 20mg Fluoxetine Capsules HPLC DeterminationED. N0: 04Effective Date:APPROVED::PRECISION - Method RepeatabilityThe full HPLC method as described in SI-IAG-206-02 was carried-out on the finished product IAG-21-001 for the 20mg dosage form. The method repeated six times and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was calculated.SAMPLENumber%ASSAYof labeled amountI 96.9II 97.8III 98.2IV 97.4V 97.7VI 98.5(%) Average97.7SD 0.6(%) RSD0.6PRECISION - Intermediate PrecisionThe full method as described in SI-IAG-206-02 was carried-out on the finished product IAG-21-001 for the 20mg dosage form. The method was repeated six times by a second analyst on a different day using a different HPLC instrument. The average assay and the relative standard deviation (RSD) were calculated.SAMPLENumber% ASSAYof labeled amountI 98.3II 96.3III 94.6IV 96.3V 97.8VI 93.3Average (%)96.1SD 2.0RSD (%)2.1The difference between the average results of method repeatability and the intermediate precision is 1.7%.HPLC ASSAY with DETERMINATION OF META-FLUOXETINE HCl.ANALYTICAL METHOD VALIDATION10 and 20mg Fluoxetine Capsules HPLC DeterminationLINEARITYStandard solutions were prepared at 50% to 200% of the nominal concentration required by the assay procedure. Linear regression analysis demonstrated acceptability of the method for quantitative analysis over the concentration range required. Y-Intercept was found to be insignificant.RANGEDifferent concentrations of the sample (IAG-21-001) for the 20mg dosage form were prepared, covering between 50% - 200% of the nominal weight of the sample.Conc. (%)Conc. (mg/mL)Peak Area% Assayof labeled amount500.20116235096.7700.27935334099.21000.39734463296.61500.64480757797.52000.79448939497.9(%) Average97.6SD 1.0(%) RSD 1.0ED. N0: 04Effective Date:APPROVED::HPLC ASSAY with DETERMINATION OF META-FLUOXETINE HCl.ANALYTICAL METHOD VALIDATION10 and 20mg Fluoxetine Capsules HPLC DeterminationED. N0: 04Effective Date:APPROVED::RANGE (cont.)The results demonstrate linearity as well over the specified range.Correlation coefficient (RSQ)0.99981 Slope11808.3Y -Interceptresponse at 100%* 100 (%) 0.3%ACCURACYACCURACY OF STANDARD INJECTIONSFive (5) replicate injections of the working standard solution at concentration of 0.4242mg/mL, as described in method SI-IAG-206-02 were made.INJECTIONNO.PEAK AREA%ACCURACYI 539299.7II 540599.9III 540499.9IV 5406100.0V 5407100.0Average 5402.899.9%SD 6.10.1RSD, (%)0.10.1The percent deviation from the true value wasdetermined from the linear regression lineHPLC ASSAY with DETERMINATION OF META-FLUOXETINE HCl.ANALYTICAL METHOD VALIDATION10 and 20mg Fluoxetine Capsules HPLC DeterminationED. N0: 04Effective Date:APPROVED::ACCURACY OF THE DRUG PRODUCTAdmixtures of non-actives (placebo, batch IAG-21-001 ) with Fluoxetine HCl were prepared at the same proportion as in a capsule (70%-180% of the nominal concentration).Three preparations were made for each concentration and the recovery was calculated.Conc.(%)Placebo Wt.(mg)Fluoxetine HCl Wt.(mg)Peak Area%Accuracy Average (%)70%7079.477.843465102.27079.687.873427100.77079.618.013465100.0101.0100%10079.6211.25476397.910080.8011.42491799.610079.6011.42485498.398.6130%13079.7214.90640599.413080.3114.75632899.213081.3314.766402100.399.618079.9920.10863699.318079.3820.45879499.418080.0820.32874899.599.4Placebo, Batch Lot IAG-21-001HPLC ASSAY with DETERMINATION OF META-FLUOXETINE HCl.ANALYTICAL METHOD VALIDATION10 and 20mg Fluoxetine Capsules HPLC DeterminationED. N0: 04Effective Date:APPROVED::VALIDATION OF FLUOXETINE HClAT LOW CONCENTRATIONLINEARITY AT LOW CONCENTRATIONSStandard solution of Fluoxetine were prepared at approximately 0.02%-1.0% of the working concentration required by the method SI-IAG-206-02. Linear regression analysis demonstrated acceptability of the method for quantitative analysis over this range.ACCURACY OF FLUOXETINE HCl AT LOW CONCENTRATIONThe peak areas of the standard solution at the working concentration were measured and the percent deviation from the true value, as determined from the linear regression was calculated.SAMPLECONC.µg/100mLAREA FOUND%ACCURACYI 470.56258499.7II 470.56359098.1III 470.561585101.3IV 470.561940100.7V 470.56252599.8VI 470.56271599.5(%) AverageSlope = 132.7395299.9SD Y-Intercept = -65.872371.1(%) RSD1.1HPLC ASSAY with DETERMINATION OF META-FLUOXETINE HCl.ANALYTICAL METHOD VALIDATION10 and 20mg Fluoxetine Capsules HPLC DeterminationSystem RepeatabilitySix replicate injections of standard solution at 0.02% and 0.05% of working concentration as described in method SI-IAG-206-02 were made and the relative standard deviation was calculated.SAMPLE FLUOXETINE HCl AREA0.02%0.05%I10173623II11503731III10103475IV10623390V10393315VI10953235Average10623462RSD, (%) 5.0 5.4Quantitation Limit - QLThe quantitation limit ( QL) was established by determining the minimum level at which the analyte was quantified. The quantitation limit for Fluoxetine HCl is 0.02% of the working standard concentration with resulting RSD (for six injections) of 5.0%. Detection Limit - DLThe detection limit (DL) was established by determining the minimum level at which the analyte was reliably detected. The detection limit of Fluoxetine HCl is about 0.01% of the working standard concentration.ED. N0: 04Effective Date:APPROVED::HPLC ASSAY with DETERMINATION OF META-FLUOXETINE HCl.ANALYTICAL METHOD VALIDATION10 and 20mg Fluoxetine Capsules HPLC DeterminationED. N0: 04Effective Date:APPROVED::VALIDATION FOR META-FLUOXETINE HCl(EVALUATING POSSIBLE IMPURITIES)Meta-Fluoxetine HCl linearity at 0.05% - 1.0%Relative Response Factor (F)Relative response factor for Meta-Fluoxetine HCl was determined as slope of Fluoxetine HCl divided by the slope of Meta-Fluoxetine HCl from the linearity graphs (analysed at the same time).F =132.7395274.859534= 1.8Detection Limit (DL) for Fluoxetine HClThe detection limit (DL) was established by determining the minimum level at which the analyte was reliably detected.Detection limit for Meta Fluoxetine HCl is about 0.02%.Quantitation Limit (QL) for Meta-Fluoxetine HClThe QL is determined by the analysis of samples with known concentration of Meta-Fluoxetine HCl and by establishing the minimum level at which the Meta-Fluoxetine HCl can be quantified with acceptable accuracy and precision.Six individual preparations of standard and placebo spiked with Meta-Fluoxetine HCl solution to give solution with 0.05% of Meta Fluoxetine HCl, were injected into the HPLC and the recovery was calculated.HPLC ASSAY with DETERMINATION OF META-FLUOXETINE HCl.ANALYTICAL METHOD VALIDATION10 and 20mg Fluoxetine Capsules HPLC DeterminationED. N0: 04Effective Date:APPROVED::META-FLUOXETINE HCl[RECOVERY IN SPIKED SAMPLES].Approx.Conc.(%)Known Conc.(µg/100ml)Area in SpikedSampleFound Conc.(µg/100mL)Recovery (%)0.0521.783326125.735118.10.0521.783326825.821118.50.0521.783292021.55799.00.0521.783324125.490117.00.0521.783287220.96996.30.0521.783328526.030119.5(%) AVERAGE111.4SD The recovery result of 6 samples is between 80%-120%.10.7(%) RSDQL for Meta Fluoxetine HCl is 0.05%.9.6Accuracy for Meta Fluoxetine HClDetermination of Accuracy for Meta-Fluoxetine HCl impurity was assessed using triplicate samples (of the drug product) spiked with known quantities of Meta Fluoxetine HCl impurity at three concentrations levels (namely 80%, 100% and 120% of the specified limit - 0.05%).The results are within specifications:For 0.4% and 0.5% recovery of 85% -115%For 0.6% recovery of 90%-110%HPLC ASSAY with DETERMINATION OF META-FLUOXETINE HCl.ANALYTICAL METHOD VALIDATION10 and 20mg Fluoxetine Capsules HPLC DeterminationED. N0: 04Effective Date:APPROVED::META-FLUOXETINE HCl[RECOVERY IN SPIKED SAMPLES]Approx.Conc.(%)Known Conc.(µg/100mL)Area in spikedSample Found Conc.(µg/100mL)Recovery (%)[0.4%]0.4174.2614283182.66104.820.4174.2614606187.11107.370.4174.2614351183.59105.36[0.5%]0.5217.8317344224.85103.220.5217.8316713216.1599.230.5217.8317341224.81103.20[0.6%]0.6261.3918367238.9591.420.6261.3920606269.81103.220.6261.3920237264.73101.28RECOVERY DATA DETERMINED IN SPIKED SAMPLESHPLC ASSAY with DETERMINATION OF META-FLUOXETINE HCl.ANALYTICAL METHOD VALIDATION10 and 20mg Fluoxetine Capsules HPLC DeterminationED. N0: 04Effective Date:APPROVED::REPEATABILITYMethod Repeatability - Meta Fluoxetine HClThe full method (as described in SI-IAG-206-02) was carried out on the finished drug product representing lot number IAG-21-001-(1). The HPLC method repeated serially, six times and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was calculated.IAG-21-001 20mg CAPSULES - FLUOXETINESample% Meta Fluoxetine % Meta-Fluoxetine 1 in Spiked Solution10.0260.09520.0270.08630.0320.07740.0300.07450.0240.09060.0280.063AVERAGE (%)0.0280.081SD 0.0030.012RSD, (%)10.314.51NOTE :All results are less than QL (0.05%) therefore spiked samples with 0.05% Meta Fluoxetine HCl were injected.HPLC ASSAY with DETERMINATION OF META-FLUOXETINE HCl.ANALYTICAL METHOD VALIDATION10 and 20mg Fluoxetine Capsules HPLC DeterminationED. N0: 04Effective Date:APPROVED::Intermediate Precision - Meta-Fluoxetine HClThe full method as described in SI-IAG-206-02 was applied on the finished product IAG-21-001-(1) .It was repeated six times, with a different analyst on a different day using a different HPLC instrument.The difference between the average results obtained by the method repeatability and the intermediate precision was less than 30.0%, (11.4% for Meta-Fluoxetine HCl as is and 28.5% for spiked solution).IAG-21-001 20mg - CAPSULES FLUOXETINESample N o:Percentage Meta-fluoxetine% Meta-fluoxetine 1 in spiked solution10.0260.06920.0270.05730.0120.06140.0210.05850.0360.05560.0270.079(%) AVERAGE0.0250.063SD 0.0080.009(%) RSD31.514.51NOTE:All results obtained were well below the QL (0.05%) thus spiked samples slightly greater than 0.05% Meta-Fluoxetine HCl were injected. The RSD at the QL of the spiked solution was 14.5%HPLC ASSAY with DETERMINATION OF META-FLUOXETINE HCl.ANALYTICAL METHOD VALIDATION10 and 20mg Fluoxetine Capsules HPLC DeterminationSPECIFICITY - STABILITY INDICATING EVALUATIONDemonstration of the Stability Indicating parameters of the HPLC assay method [SI-IAG-206-02] for Fluoxetine 10 & 20mg capsules, a suitable photo-diode array detector was incorporated utilizing a commercial chromatography software managing system2, and applied to analyze a range of stressed samples of the finished drug product.GLOSSARY of PEAK PURITY RESULT NOTATION (as reported2):Purity Angle-is a measure of spectral non-homogeneity across a peak, i.e. the weighed average of all spectral contrast angles calculated by comparing all spectra in the integrated peak against the peak apex spectrum.Purity Threshold-is the sum of noise angle3 and solvent angle4. It is the limit of detection of shape differences between two spectra.Match Angle-is a comparison of the spectrum at the peak apex against a library spectrum.Match Threshold-is the sum of the match noise angle3 and match solvent angle4.3Noise Angle-is a measure of spectral non-homogeneity caused by system noise.4Solvent Angle-is a measure of spectral non-homogeneity caused by solvent composition.OVERVIEWT he assay of the main peak in each stressed solution is calculated according to the assay method SI-IAG-206-02, against the Standard Solution, injected on the same day.I f the Purity Angle is smaller than the Purity Threshold and the Match Angle is smaller than the Match Threshold, no significant differences between spectra can be detected. As a result no spectroscopic evidence for co-elution is evident and the peak is considered to be pure.T he stressed condition study indicated that the Fluoxetine peak is free from any appreciable degradation interference under the stressed conditions tested. Observed degradation products peaks were well separated from the main peak.1® PDA-996 Waters™ ; 2[Millennium 2010]ED. N0: 04Effective Date:APPROVED::HPLC ASSAY with DETERMINATION OF META-FLUOXETINE HCl.ANALYTICAL METHOD VALIDATION10 and 20mg Fluoxetine Capsules HPLC DeterminationFORCED DEGRADATION OF FINISHED PRODUCT & STANDARD 1.UNSTRESSED SAMPLE1.1.Sample IAG-21-001 (2) (20mg/capsule) was prepared as stated in SI-IAG-206-02 and injected into the HPLC system. The calculated assay is 98.5%.SAMPLE - UNSTRESSEDFluoxetine:Purity Angle:0.075Match Angle:0.407Purity Threshold:0.142Match Threshold:0.4251.2.Standard solution was prepared as stated in method SI-IAG-206-02 and injected into the HPLC system. The calculated assay is 100.0%.Fluoxetine:Purity Angle:0.078Match Angle:0.379Purity Threshold:0.146Match Threshold:0.4272.ACID HYDROLYSIS2.1.Sample solution of IAG-21-001 (2) (20mg/capsule) was prepared as in method SI-IAG-206-02 : An amount equivalent to 20mg Fluoxetine was weighed into a 50mL volumetric flask. 20mL Diluent was added and the solution sonicated for 10 minutes. 1mL of conc. HCl was added to this solution The solution was allowed to stand for 18 hours, then adjusted to about pH = 5.5 with NaOH 10N, made up to volume with Diluent and injected into the HPLC system after filtration.Fluoxetine peak intensity did NOT decrease. Assay result obtained - 98.8%.SAMPLE- ACID HYDROLYSISFluoxetine peak:Purity Angle:0.055Match Angle:0.143Purity Threshold:0.096Match Threshold:0.3712.2.Standard solution was prepared as in method SI-IAG-206-02 : about 22mg Fluoxetine HCl were weighed into a 50mL volumetric flask. 20mL Diluent were added. 2mL of conc. HCl were added to this solution. The solution was allowed to stand for 18 hours, then adjusted to about pH = 5.5 with NaOH 10N, made up to volume with Diluent and injected into the HPLC system.Fluoxetine peak intensity did NOT decrease. Assay result obtained - 97.2%.ED. N0: 04Effective Date:APPROVED::HPLC ASSAY with DETERMINATION OF META-FLUOXETINE HCl.ANALYTICAL METHOD VALIDATION10 and 20mg Fluoxetine Capsules HPLC DeterminationSTANDARD - ACID HYDROLYSISFluoxetine peak:Purity Angle:0.060Match Angle:0.060Purity Threshold:0.099Match Threshold:0.3713.BASE HYDROLYSIS3.1.Sample solution of IAG-21-001 (2) (20mg/capsule) was prepared as per method SI-IAG-206-02 : An amount equivalent to 20mg Fluoxetine was weight into a 50mL volumetric flask. 20mL Diluent was added and the solution sonicated for 10 minutes. 1mL of 5N NaOH was added to this solution. The solution was allowed to stand for 18 hours, then adjusted to about pH = 5.5 with 5N HCl, made up to volume with Diluent and injected into the HPLC system.Fluoxetine peak intensity did NOT decrease. Assay result obtained - 99.3%.SAMPLE - BASE HYDROLYSISFluoxetine peak:Purity Angle:0.063Match Angle:0.065Purity Threshold:0.099Match Threshold:0.3623.2.Standard stock solution was prepared as per method SI-IAG-206-02 : About 22mg Fluoxetine HCl was weighed into a 50mL volumetric flask. 20mL Diluent was added. 2mL of 5N NaOH was added to this solution. The solution was allowed to stand for 18 hours, then adjusted to about pH=5.5 with 5N HCl, made up to volume with Diluent and injected into the HPLC system.Fluoxetine peak intensity did NOT decrease - 99.5%.STANDARD - BASE HYDROLYSISFluoxetine peak:Purity Angle:0.081Match Angle:0.096Purity Threshold:0.103Match Threshold:0.3634.OXIDATION4.1.Sample solution of IAG-21-001 (2) (20mg/capsule) was prepared as per method SI-IAG-206-02. An equivalent to 20mg Fluoxetine was weighed into a 50mL volumetric flask. 20mL Diluent added and the solution sonicated for 10 minutes.1.0mL of 30% H2O2 was added to the solution and allowed to stand for 5 hours, then made up to volume with Diluent, filtered and injected into HPLC system.Fluoxetine peak intensity decreased to 95.2%.ED. N0: 04Effective Date:APPROVED::HPLC ASSAY with DETERMINATION OF META-FLUOXETINE HCl.ANALYTICAL METHOD VALIDATION10 and 20mg Fluoxetine Capsules HPLC DeterminationSAMPLE - OXIDATIONFluoxetine peak:Purity Angle:0.090Match Angle:0.400Purity Threshold:0.154Match Threshold:0.4294.2.Standard solution was prepared as in method SI-IAG-206-02 : about 22mg Fluoxetine HCl were weighed into a 50mL volumetric flask and 25mL Diluent were added. 2mL of 30% H2O2 were added to this solution which was standing for 5 hours, made up to volume with Diluent and injected into the HPLC system.Fluoxetine peak intensity decreased to 95.8%.STANDARD - OXIDATIONFluoxetine peak:Purity Angle:0.083Match Angle:0.416Purity Threshold:0.153Match Threshold:0.4295.SUNLIGHT5.1.Sample solution of IAG-21-001 (2) (20mg/capsule) was prepared as in method SI-IAG-206-02 . The solution was exposed to 500w/hr. cell sunlight for 1hour. The BST was set to 35°C and the ACT was 45°C. The vials were placed in a horizontal position (4mm vials, National + Septum were used). A Dark control solution was tested. A 2%w/v quinine solution was used as the reference absorbance solution.Fluoxetine peak decreased to 91.2% and the dark control solution showed assay of 97.0%. The difference in the absorbance in the quinine solution is 0.4227AU.Additional peak was observed at RRT of 1.5 (2.7%).The total percent of Fluoxetine peak with the degradation peak is about 93.9%.SAMPLE - SUNLIGHTFluoxetine peak:Purity Angle:0.093Match Angle:0.583Purity Threshold:0.148Match Threshold:0.825 ED. N0: 04Effective Date:APPROVED::HPLC ASSAY with DETERMINATION OF META-FLUOXETINE HCl.ANALYTICAL METHOD VALIDATION10 and 20mg Fluoxetine Capsules HPLC DeterminationSUNLIGHT (Cont.)5.2.Working standard solution was prepared as in method SI-IAG-206-02 . The solution was exposed to 500w/hr. cell sunlight for 1.5 hour. The BST was set to 35°C and the ACT was 42°C. The vials were placed in a horizontal position (4mm vials, National + Septum were used). A Dark control solution was tested. A 2%w/v quinine solution was used as the reference absorbance solution.Fluoxetine peak was decreased to 95.2% and the dark control solution showed assay of 99.5%.The difference in the absorbance in the quinine solution is 0.4227AU.Additional peak were observed at RRT of 1.5 (2.3).The total percent of Fluoxetine peak with the degradation peak is about 97.5%. STANDARD - SUNLIGHTFluoxetine peak:Purity Angle:0.067Match Angle:0.389Purity Threshold:0.134Match Threshold:0.8196.HEAT OF SOLUTION6.1.Sample solution of IAG-21-001-(2) (20 mg/capsule) was prepared as in method SI-IAG-206-02 . Equivalent to 20mg Fluoxetine was weighed into a 50mL volumetric flask. 20mL Diluent was added and the solution was sonicated for 10 minutes and made up to volume with Diluent. 4mL solution was transferred into a suitable crucible, heated at 105°C in an oven for 2 hours. The sample was cooled to ambient temperature, filtered and injected into the HPLC system.Fluoxetine peak was decreased to 93.3%.SAMPLE - HEAT OF SOLUTION [105o C]Fluoxetine peak:Purity Angle:0.062Match Angle:0.460Purity Threshold:0.131Match Threshold:0.8186.2.Standard Working Solution (WS) was prepared under method SI-IAG-206-02 . 4mL of the working solution was transferred into a suitable crucible, placed in an oven at 105°C for 2 hours, cooled to ambient temperature and injected into the HPLC system.Fluoxetine peak intensity did not decrease - 100.5%.ED. N0: 04Effective Date:APPROVED::。
奥拉西坦注射液的含量测定方法学研究
奥拉西坦注射液的含量测定方法学研究为了建立高效液相色谱法（HPLC）检查奥拉西坦注射液含量的方法。
采用氨基键合硅胶为填充剂的色谱柱，以乙腈-水（90：10）为流动性，检测波长为210nm。
证明了专属性较好，系统适用性符合规定。
平均回收率为100.63%，RSD%为0.71%；在0.06mg/ml～0.14mg/ml浓度范围内呈良好线性关系。
重复性、进样精密度、中间精密度、溶液稳定性等均符合方法学验证要求。
可见本方法操作简便、快捷，可准确测定奥拉西坦注射液的含量。
标签：奥拉西坦；含量；HPLC奥拉西坦（oxiracetam，ORC）是一种合成的羟基氨基丁酸（GABOB）环状衍生物，又称奥拉酰胺、羟氧吡醋胺，商品名有neuromet、neupan、健朗星等，由意大利史克比切姆公司于1974年首次合成，并于1987年首先在意大利上市。
于1990年在美国及日本上市，是治疗老年痴呆的药物之一。
本研究拟采用高效液相色谱法建立奥拉西坦注射液的含量测定方法。
1 仪器与试药Agilent 1200高效液相色谱仪；奥拉西坦注射液（规格：5ml：1.0g，小试样品批号：120217，中试樣品批号：120801、120802、120803，哈尔滨誉衡药业股份有限公司自制）；奥拉西坦注射液市售：批号：100427B，哈尔滨三联药业有限公司生产；批号：1109008，广东世信药业有限公司生产；奥拉西坦对照品：批号：101032-200901，纯度：99.7%，中国药品生物制品检定所。
依地酸钙钠：批号：100306，四川新元制药有限公司生产。
2 方法与结果本品的含量测定方法参照奥拉西坦注射液试行标准YBH01692006（哈尔滨三联药业有限公司）及原料质量标准中含量测定项下的色谱条件进行。
2.1 色谱条件与系统适用性试验色谱柱：以氨基键合硅胶为填充剂。
以乙腈：水=90：10为流动相，检测波长为210nm，理论塔板数按奥拉西坦峰计算，应不低于2500。
果胶酶活性检测试剂盒说明书
果胶酶活性检测试剂盒说明书微量法货号：BC2635规格：100T/48S产品组成：使用前请认真核对试剂体积与瓶内体积是否一致，有疑问请及时联系索莱宝工作人员。
试剂名称规格保存条件提取液液体100mL×1瓶4℃保存试剂一液体25mL×1瓶4℃保存试剂二液体20 mL×1瓶4℃保存标准品粉剂×1支4℃保存溶液的配制：1、试剂一：若溶液中有不溶解物质，可以50℃水浴溶解。
2、标准品：10mg 半乳糖醛酸。
临用前加入0.943mL 蒸馏水，配成50μmol/mL 的标准液。
产品说明：果胶酶（pectinase ）是分解果胶的酶类，包括原果胶酶，果胶酯酶，多聚半乳糖醛酸酶和果胶裂解酶四大类，广泛存在于高等植物果实和微生物中，是水果加工中最重要的酶。
果胶酶水解果胶生成半乳糖醛酸，半乳糖醛酸与DNS 试剂反应生成在540nm 有特征吸收峰的棕红色物质，测定540nm 处吸光值变化可计算得果胶酶活性。
注意：实验之前建议选择2-3个预期差异大的样本做预实验。
如果样本吸光值不在测量范围内建议稀释或者增加样本量进行检测。
需自备的仪器和用品：可见分光光度计/酶标仪、台式离心机、水浴锅、微量玻璃比色皿/96孔板、可调式移液枪、研钵/匀浆器、冰和蒸馏水。
操作步骤：一、样本处理（可适当调整待测样本量，具体比例可以参考文献）1、组织：按照组织质量（g ）：提取液体积(mL)为1：5~10的比例（建议称取约0.1g 组织，加入1mL 提取液）进行冰浴匀浆，然后10000g ，4℃，离心10min ，取上清置于冰上待测。
2、菌类：按照细菌数量（104个）：提取液体积（mL ）为500~1000：1的比例（建议500万细菌加入1mL 提取液），冰浴超声波破碎细菌（功率300w ，超声3秒，间隔7秒，总时间3min ）；然后10000g ，4℃，离心10min ，取上清置于冰上待测。
3、液体：直接检测。
一甲基澳瑞他汀 e 化学结构-概述说明以及解释
一甲基澳瑞他汀e 化学结构-概述说明以及解释1. 引言1.1 概述一甲基澳瑞他汀（Simvastatin）是一种广泛应用于临床治疗高胆固醇血症和心血管疾病的药物。
它属于被称为他汀类药物的一员，是一种竞争性抑制HMG-CoA还原酶的药物，通过降低胆固醇的合成来达到降低血浆胆固醇的效果。
随着现代生活方式的改变和不良饮食习惯的普遍存在，高胆固醇血症在全球范围内变得越来越普遍。
该疾病不仅与心血管疾病的发展密切相关，还可能导致其他严重的健康问题，如动脉粥样硬化和心肌梗死等。
一甲基澳瑞他汀由黄曲霉属真菌产生，即通过天然发酵法生产得到。
然而，为了提高其药代动力学性质和治疗效果，科学家们通过改进和优化合成方法，合成了合成一甲基澳瑞他汀。
现在，一甲基澳瑞他汀已经成为一种被广泛研究和临床使用的药物。
在本篇文章中，我们将介绍一甲基澳瑞他汀的化学结构、合成方法、性质与用途等方面的内容。
通过深入了解一甲基澳瑞他汀，我们可以更好地理解它在治疗高胆固醇血症和心血管疾病方面的作用机制，并有望对该药物的未来发展提供一定的启示。
在接下来的章节中，我们将详细介绍一甲基澳瑞他汀的化学结构、合成方法以及它在临床上的广泛用途。
最后，我们将总结这篇文章的主要观点，并对一甲基澳瑞他汀的未来进行展望。
通过本文的阅读，读者将能够全面了解一甲基澳瑞他汀，为今后的相关研究和临床实践提供有益的指导与参考。
文章结构部分的内容如下：1.2 文章结构本文主要包含以下几个部分：引言、正文和结论。
引言部分通过概述一甲基澳瑞他汀的化学结构和合成方法，介绍背景知识和研究意义。
此外，本部分还会明确文章的目的，即对一甲基澳瑞他汀进行全面的分析和探讨。
正文部分将围绕一甲基澳瑞他汀展开讨论。
首先，我们将介绍一甲基澳瑞他汀的化学结构，包括其分子式、分子量等信息，并通过图表等形式直观地展示其结构。
其次，我们将详细介绍一甲基澳瑞他汀的合成方法，包括起始原料的选择、反应步骤和条件等。
原发性醛固酮增多症(中英文
• 原醛症病人一般服用安体舒通1周后，尿 钾减少、血钾上升、血浆CO2结合力下 降，肌无力、四肢麻木等症状改善，夜 尿减少，约半数病人血压有下降趋势。
原醛的筛查
• 立，卧位的血ARR=ALDO/PRA。各种文 献对比值报道不一，>25可疑， > 50可能 性大。
• 如果同时运用下述标准:ALDO/PRA>30, ALDO>20ng/dl, 其诊断原醛的灵敏性为 90%，特异性为91% 。
原醛的确诊
FST
氟氢可的松0.1mg q6h，共4天 ➢测定立位ALDO>60pg/dl，立位PRA ＜1.0ng/ml ➢尿钠的排泄>3 mmol/kg/天 ➢血K正常。 ➢服药4天后10Am的血浆皮质醇必须低于7Am 的
皮质醇
盐负荷试验
• 静脉和口服 • 静脉：生理盐水2L，4小时内静注完，测
定血ALDO >5ng/dl，PA确诊。 • 口服：高钠饮食3天（300mmol钠/d），
测定24小时尿ALDO >10µg/d， PA确诊
盐负荷试验
• 高钠试验正常人及高血压病人血钾无明 显变化，原醛症患者血钾可降至3．5毫 摩尔/升以下
Schimenbach, Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Sep;20(3):369-84
机制
肾上腺皮质病变Aldo↑储NA排K 血容量↑ PRA↓
自主性
低K
BP↑
临床特点
1.BP↑ : 血容量↑,平滑肌内NA↑,Aldo增加血 管对NAR的反应. 最早最常见,病程进展, BP逐渐↑,轻中度.以DBP ↑为主 伴头晕,头痛.
type I) • FH type II (APA or IHA)
Febuxostat_SDS_MedChemExpress
Inhibitors, Agonists, Screening LibrariesSafety Data Sheet Revision Date:Jul.-04-2017Print Date:Jul.-04-20171. PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION1.1 Product identifierProduct name :FebuxostatCatalog No. :HY-14268CAS No. :144060-53-71.2 Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised againstIdentified uses :Laboratory chemicals, manufacture of substances.1.3 Details of the supplier of the safety data sheetCompany:MedChemExpress USATel:609-228-6898Fax:609-228-5909E-mail:sales@1.4 Emergency telephone numberEmergency Phone #:609-228-68982. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION2.1 Classification of the substance or mixtureGHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)Acute toxicity, Oral (Category 4), H302Acute aquatic toxicity (Category 1), H400Chronic aquatic toxicity (Category 1), H4102.2 GHS Label elements, including precautionary statementsPictogramSignal word WarningHazard statement(s)H302 Harmful if swallowed.H410 Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects.Precautionary statement(s)P264 Wash skin thoroughly after handling.P270 Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.P273 Avoid release to the environment.P301 + P312 IF SWALLOWED: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/ physician if you feel unwell.P330 Rinse mouth.P391 Collect spillage.P501 Dispose of contents/ container to an approved waste disposal plant.2.3 Other hazardsNone.3. COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS3.1 SubstancesSynonyms:TEI 6720; TMX 67Formula:C16H16N2O3SMolecular Weight:316.37CAS No. :144060-53-74. FIRST AID MEASURES4.1 Description of first aid measuresEye contactRemove any contact lenses, locate eye-wash station, and flush eyes immediately with large amounts of water. Separate eyelids with fingers to ensure adequate flushing. Promptly call a physician.Skin contactRinse skin thoroughly with large amounts of water. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes and call a physician.InhalationImmediately relocate self or casualty to fresh air. If breathing is difficult, give cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Avoid mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.IngestionWash out mouth with water; Do NOT induce vomiting; call a physician.4.2 Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayedThe most important known symptoms and effects are described in the labelling (see section 2.2).4.3 Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment neededTreat symptomatically.5. FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES5.1 Extinguishing mediaSuitable extinguishing mediaUse water spray, dry chemical, foam, and carbon dioxide fire extinguisher.5.2 Special hazards arising from the substance or mixtureDuring combustion, may emit irritant fumes.5.3 Advice for firefightersWear self-contained breathing apparatus and protective clothing.6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES6.1 Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency proceduresUse full personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist, dust or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas.Refer to protective measures listed in sections 8.6.2 Environmental precautionsTry to prevent further leakage or spillage. Keep the product away from drains or water courses.6.3 Methods and materials for containment and cleaning upAbsorb solutions with finely-powdered liquid-binding material (diatomite, universal binders); Decontaminate surfaces and equipment by scrubbing with alcohol; Dispose of contaminated material according to Section 13.7. HANDLING AND STORAGE7.1 Precautions for safe handlingAvoid inhalation, contact with eyes and skin. Avoid dust and aerosol formation. Use only in areas with appropriate exhaust ventilation.7.2 Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilitiesKeep container tightly sealed in cool, well-ventilated area. Keep away from direct sunlight and sources of ignition.Recommended storage temperature:Powder-20°C 3 years4°C 2 yearsIn solvent-80°C 6 months-20°C 1 monthShipping at room temperature if less than 2 weeks.7.3 Specific end use(s)No data available.8. EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION8.1 Control parametersComponents with workplace control parametersThis product contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.8.2 Exposure controlsEngineering controlsEnsure adequate ventilation. Provide accessible safety shower and eye wash station.Personal protective equipmentEye protection Safety goggles with side-shields.Hand protection Protective gloves.Skin and body protection Impervious clothing.Respiratory protection Suitable respirator.Environmental exposure controls Keep the product away from drains, water courses or the soil. Cleanspillages in a safe way as soon as possible.9. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES9.1 Information on basic physical and chemical propertiesAppearance White to off-white (Solid)Odor No data availableOdor threshold No data availablepH No data availableMelting/freezing point No data availableBoiling point/range No data availableFlash point No data availableEvaporation rate No data availableFlammability (solid, gas)No data availableUpper/lower flammability or explosive limits No data availableVapor pressure No data availableVapor density No data availableRelative density No data availableWater Solubility No data availablePartition coefficient No data availableAuto-ignition temperature No data availableDecomposition temperature No data availableViscosity No data availableExplosive properties No data availableOxidizing properties No data available9.2 Other safety informationNo data available.10. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY10.1 ReactivityNo data available.10.2 Chemical stabilityStable under recommended storage conditions.10.3 Possibility of hazardous reactionsNo data available.10.4 Conditions to avoidNo data available.10.5 Incompatible materialsStrong acids/alkalis, strong oxidising/reducing agents.10.6 Hazardous decomposition productsUnder fire conditions, may decompose and emit toxic fumes.Other decomposition products - no data available.11.TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION11.1 Information on toxicological effectsAcute toxicityClassified based on available data. For more details, see section 2Skin corrosion/irritationClassified based on available data. For more details, see section 2Serious eye damage/irritationClassified based on available data. For more details, see section 2Respiratory or skin sensitizationClassified based on available data. For more details, see section 2Germ cell mutagenicityClassified based on available data. For more details, see section 2CarcinogenicityIARC: No component of this product present at a level equal to or greater than 0.1% is identified as probable, possible or confirmed human carcinogen by IARC.ACGIH: No component of this product present at a level equal to or greater than 0.1% is identified as a potential or confirmed carcinogen by ACGIH.NTP: No component of this product present at a level equal to or greater than 0.1% is identified as a anticipated or confirmed carcinogen by NTP.OSHA: No component of this product present at a level equal to or greater than 0.1% is identified as a potential or confirmed carcinogen by OSHA.Reproductive toxicityClassified based on available data. For more details, see section 2Specific target organ toxicity - single exposureClassified based on available data. For more details, see section 2Specific target organ toxicity - repeated exposureClassified based on available data. For more details, see section 2Aspiration hazardClassified based on available data. For more details, see section 212. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION12.1 ToxicityNo data available.12.2 Persistence and degradabilityNo data available.12.3 Bioaccumlative potentialNo data available.12.4 Mobility in soilNo data available.12.5 Results of PBT and vPvB assessmentPBT/vPvB assessment unavailable as chemical safety assessment not required or not conducted.12.6 Other adverse effectsNo data available.13. DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS13.1 Waste treatment methodsProductDispose substance in accordance with prevailing country, federal, state and local regulations.Contaminated packagingConduct recycling or disposal in accordance with prevailing country, federal, state and local regulations.14. TRANSPORT INFORMATIONDOT (US)This substance is considered to be non-hazardous for transport.IMDGUN number: 3077Class: 9Packing group: IIIEMS-No: F-A, S-FProper shipping name: ENVIRONMENTALLY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE, SOLID, N.O.S.Marine pollutant: Marine pollutantIATAUN number: 3077Class: 9Packing group: IIIProper shipping name: Environmentally hazardous substance, solid, n.o.s.15. REGULATORY INFORMATIONSARA 302 Components:No chemicals in this material are subject to the reporting requirements of SARA Title III, Section 302.SARA 313 Components:This material does not contain any chemical components with known CAS numbers that exceed the threshold (De Minimis) reporting levels established by SARA Title III, Section 313.SARA 311/312 Hazards:No SARA Hazards.Massachusetts Right To Know Components:No components are subject to the Massachusetts Right to Know Act.Pennsylvania Right To Know Components:No components are subject to the Pennsylvania Right to Know Act.New Jersey Right To Know Components:No components are subject to the New Jersey Right to Know Act.California Prop. 65 Components:This product does not contain any chemicals known to State of California to cause cancer, birth defects, or anyother reproductive harm.16. OTHER INFORMATIONCopyright 2017 MedChemExpress. The above information is correct to the best of our present knowledge but does not purport to be all inclusive and should be used only as a guide. The product is for research use only and for experienced personnel. It must only be handled by suitably qualified experienced scientists in appropriately equipped and authorized facilities. The burden of safe use of this material rests entirely with the user. MedChemExpress disclaims all liability for any damage resulting from handling or from contact with this product.Caution: Product has not been fully validated for medical applications. For research use only.Tel: 609-228-6898 Fax: 609-228-5909 E-mail: tech@Address: 1 Deer Park Dr, Suite Q, Monmouth Junction, NJ 08852, USA。
七叶皂苷钠联合非布司他治疗急性痛风性关节炎临床疗效观察
2021年4月第23卷第2期April 2021，V〇l. 23, No. 2湖北中医药大学学报Journal of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine•95 •七叶皂苷钠联合非布司他治疗急性痛风性关节炎临床疗效观察魏从兵'，何晓玲\李贺伟2(1.中国地质大学(武汉）医院，湖北武汉430074; 2.华中科技大学附属梨园医院，湖北武汉430077 )摘要：目的观察七叶皂苷钠联合非布司他对急性痛风性关节炎患者临床疗效。
方法将我院诊治的急性痛风性关节炎患者80例按治疗方案不同分为对照组（采用非布司他片治疗）与观察组（采用七叶皂苷钠联合非布司他治疗）各40例。
对比两组治疗效果、血清尿酸(SUA)水平、超敏C反应蛋白（hs-crp)水平及不良反应情况。
结果观察组总有效率显著高于对照组（P<0. 05 );治疗后，观察组视觉模拟评分(VAS)显著低于对照组(P<0. 05 );观察组疼痛缓解时间、水肿消除时间均明显少于对照组(/><0. 05 );观察组血清尿酸、C反应蛋白水平均显著低于对照组（PC0.05);两组不良反应情况无显著差异(F>0.05)。
结论急性痛风性关节炎患者采用七叶皂苷钠联合非布司他治疗，能够显著提高患者临床疗效，显著降低血清尿酸浓度，且明显抑制炎症反应。
关键词：急性痛风性关节炎；非布司他;七叶皂苷；血清尿酸;C反应蛋白中图分类号：R259 文献标识码： B d o i：10. 3969/j. issn. 1008-987x. 2021. 02. 27Clinical observation on sodium aescinate combined with febuxostat in treatmentof acute gouty arthritisW EI Congbing',HE Xiaoling1,LI Hewei2(1. Hospital o f China University o f Geosciences ( Wuhan ), Wuhan 430074； 2. Liyuan Hospital Affiliated to HuazhongUniversity o f Science and T echnology, Wuhan 430077 )Abstracts：Objective To observe the clinical effect of sodium aescinate combined with febuxostat in treafment of acute gouty arthritis. Methods 80 patients with acute gouty arthritis were divided into control group and observation group,40 cases each. Control group was treated with febuxostat tablets,and observation group was treated with sodium aescinate on the basis of control group. The clinical efficacy, serum uric acid (SU A) level, hypersensitivity C-reactive protein (h s-C R P) level and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of observation group was significantly higher than control group (尸<0.05 ); after treatment，the Visual analogue scale ( VAS ) of observation group was significantly lower than control group (尸<0.05 ); the pain relief time and edema elimination time of observation group were significantly less than control group (P<0.05 )；the serum uric acid and hs-CRP levels o f observation group were significantly lower than control group ； there was no significant difference in adverse reactions between the two groups ( P>0.05 ). Conclusion Sodium aescinate combined with febuxostat can significantly improve the clinical efficacy of patients with acute gouty arthritis,significantly reduce the serum uric acid concentration,and significantly inhibit the inflammatory reaction.Keywords：acute gouty arthritis；febuxostat；sodium aescinate；serum uric acid；C-reactive protein急性痛风性关节炎是由于身体内嘌呤代谢异常，尿 酸未充分排泄到体外或尿酸生成增多引起的高尿酸血基金项目：湖北省自然科学基金面h项刖项目编号:2019C F B683)=作者简介:魏从兵（1980-；),男，中S地质大学(武汉)医院副主任医师.研究方向：内科内分泌与代谢疾病,E-m a il:1076846313@q q.c o n^•96 •湖北中医药大学学报Journal of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine2021年4月第23卷第2期April 2021 ,V〇1.23,No.2症，尿酸浓度达到最高饱和点时，尿酸将以结晶体形式 附着于软组织中，最终出现炎症反应。
苯丙氨酸解氨酶试剂盒说明书（分光光度法）使用说明
苯丙氨酸解氨酶试剂盒说明书（分光光度法）使用说明苯丙氨酸解氨酶试剂盒说明书(分光光度法)使用说明货号:BC0210规格:50管/48样产品简介：PAL（EC4.315）广泛存在于各种植物和少数微生物中，是植物体内苯丙烷类代谢的关键酶，在动物体内尚未发现。
与一些重要的次生物质如木质素、异黄酮类植保素、黄酮类色素等合成密切相关，在植物正常生长发育和抵御病菌侵害过程中起重要作用。
PAL催化L-苯丙氨酸裂解为反式肉桂酸和氨，反式肉桂酸在290nm处有最大吸收值，通过测定吸光值升高速率计算PAL活性。
试验中所需的仪器和试剂：紫外分光光度计、水浴锅、台式离心机、可调式移液器、1ml比色皿、研钵、冰和蒸馏水。
产品内容：提取液：液体60mL×1瓶，4℃保存；试剂一：液体40m L×1瓶，4℃保存；试剂二：粉剂×3瓶，4℃保存，临用前每瓶加入4mL双蒸水充分溶解待用；现配现用。
试剂三：液体2.5mL×1瓶，4℃保存。
操作步骤：一、粗酶液提取：称取约0.1g组织，加入1mL提取液进行冰浴匀浆。
10000g，4℃离心10min，取上清，置冰上待测。
二、测定操作表：试剂名称测定管（μL）对照管（μL）样本20试剂一780800试剂二200200混匀，30℃准确水浴30min试剂三4040混匀，静置10min后，290nm处用蒸馏水调零，测定对照管吸光值A1和测定管A2，计算△A=A2-A1。
注意：对照管只用作一管。
PAL活性计算：（1）按样本蛋白浓度计算：单位的定义：每mg组织蛋白在每ml反应体系中每分钟使290nm 下吸光值变化0.1定义为一个酶活力单位。
PAL（U/mg prot）=△A×V反总（1040μL）÷V样（20μL）÷T(30min)÷0.1÷Cpr （mg/mL）=17.3×△A÷Cpr（mg/mL）（2）按样本鲜重计算：单位的定义：每g组织在每ml反应体系中每分钟使290nm下吸光值变化0.1定义为一个酶活力单位。