(英语)高考英语阅读理解(社会文化)模拟试题及解析

（英语）高考英语阅读理解(社会文化)模拟试题及解析

一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类

1．阅读理解

A PG-13 rating is a stricter warning by the Rating Board to parents to determine whether their children under age 13 should view the film. A PG-13 film may go beyond the PG rating in theme, violence, nudity (裸露), language, adult activities or other elements, but does not reach the restricted R category.

The theme of the film by itself will not result in a rating greater than PG-13, although activities shown in the film related to a mature theme may result in a restricted rating for the film. Any drug use will initially require at least a PG-13 rating. More than brief nudity will require at least a PG-13 rating, but such nudity in PG-13 rated film generally will not be sexually oriented. There may be violence scene in a PG-13 movie, but generally not both realistic and extreme or persistent violence.

A single use of one of the rude words in a film, though only as an expletive (感叹语), initially requires at least a PG-13 rating. More than one such bad word requires an R rating, as must even one of those words used in a sexual context. The Rating Board nevertheless may rate such a film PG-13 if, based on a special vote by a two-thirds majority, the Raters feel that most American parents would believe that a PG-13 rating is appropriate because of the context or manner in which the words are used or because the use of those words in the film is easily neglected.

（1）What is the main goal of this passage?

A.To discuss various movie ratings.

B.To explain various movie ratings.

C.To explain the difference between PG-13 and R movie ratings.

D.To explain the PG-13 movie rating.

（2）According to PG-13 rating, the theme of the movie __________.

A.has little impact on its rating

B.has a large impact on its rating

C.should be entertaining

D.should be suitable for children

（3）From Paragraph 2, we can learn that drug usage __________.

A.should not be allowed in movies

B.is dangerous

C.makes a PG-13 rating necessary

D.is not appropriate for children under 13

（4）What does a movie with two or more uses of bad words require?

A.A PG rating.

B.A PG-13 rating.

C.An R rating.

D.An NC-17 rating.

【答案】（1）D

（2）A

（3）C

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。PG-13级是电影分级委员会对家长发出的更严格的警告，目的是决定13岁以下的孩子是否应该看这部电影。文章介绍了PG-13电影分级。（1）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，本文从主题、暴力、裸体、语言、成人活动方面解释了PG-13的电影分级。全文目的在于解释PG-13。故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“The theme of the film by itself will not result in a rating greater than PG-13, although activities shown in the film related to a mature theme may result in a restricted rating for the film.”，电影的主题本身不会导致评级大于PG-13，尽管在电影中出现的与成熟主题相关的活动可能会导致对电影的限制评级。此可知，电影的主题对PG-13评级影响不大。故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Any drug us e will initially require at least a PG-13 rating.”任何药物使用最初都需要至少达到PG-13级别。可知，药物使用使PG-13评级是必要的。故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“More than one such bad word requires an R rating, as must even one of those words used in a sexual context.”，一部有两个或两个以上脏话用法的电影需要满足R级。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

Singles Day: Alibaba Says a Lot of People in China Bought Online

The planet's biggest shopping day has come and gone, and Alibaba again showed the world how many mountains of stuff (物品) it could persuade people to buy in the 24 hours.

Monday was Nov. 11, known in China as Singles Day. This year, nearly $38.3 billion worth of stuff was sold on Alibaba's platforms (平台) that day, beating last year's $30.8 billion and making Black Friday look, yet again, like a yard sale.

China has grown richer and more digitally connected. Alibaba has become a technology powerhouse. Along the way, the company has made a few famous friends. This year the singer Taylor Swift performed in its live-streamed evening gala (庆典) in Shanghai on Sunday. In previous years the model Miranda Kerr and the actors Nicole Kidman and Daniel Craig also showed on the Singles Day stage.

Alibaba started taking the lead in China, simply enough, by connecting big Chinese manufacturers with big buyers across the world. Its business-to-business site, https://www.360docs.net/doc/084308078.html, allowed people to buy almost everything. Alibaba's advantage wasn't hard to see: size. Alibaba is just big, even by Chinese standards.

Alibaba now calls itself a data and technology company, one that provides digital tools to help the businesses on its platforms. That, in turn, leads consumers to look to those platforms for their every need, from shopping and services to entertainment and travel. Today, Alibaba is itself a

gigantic company, and it wants to grow bigger still.

（1）Where is this passage probably from?

A.A textbook.

B.A newspaper.

C.A science news report.

D.An advertisement.

（2）How many famous people showed on the Singles Day stage?

A.2.

B.3.

C.4.

D.5.

（3）What does Alibaba's advantage mainly lie in?

A.Its platform.

B.Its service.

C.Its price.

D.Its size.

（4）Which word can replace the underlined word "gigantic" in the last paragraph ?

https://www.360docs.net/doc/084308078.html,rge.

B.Small.

C.Good.

D.Successful.

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）D

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了引领了中国双十一购物节的阿里巴巴公司。每年购物节前夕都会找明星预热。同时介绍了阿里巴巴的相关信息。

（1）考查推理判断。本文介绍了中国双十一购物节相关数据和阿里巴巴公司的情况，可以从报纸了解到相关信息。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的Taylor Swift ，Miranda Kerr，Nicole Kidman，Daniel Craig等人都参加了双十一晚会庆典，共4人，故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Alibaba's advantage wasn't hard to see: size. Alibaba is just big, even by Chinese standards.”阿里巴巴的优势不难看出，就是其规模，而且阿里巴巴的规模以中国标准而言也是非常大的。故选D。

（4）考查词义猜测。最后一段中的“and it wants to grow bigger still”，阿里巴巴也想继续扩大，此处使用了bigger形容词的比较级，由此可判断划线词意为“大”，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

To be a good teacher, you need some of the gifts of a good actor; you must be able to hold the attention and interest of your audience; you must be a clear speaker, with a good, strong, pleasant voice which is fully under your control; and you must be able to act what you are teaching, in order to make its meaning clear.

Watch a good teacher, and you will see that he doesn't sit still before his class; he stands the whole time he is teaching; he walks about, using his arms, hands and fingers to help him in his explanations, and his face to express feelings.

There are very important differences between the teacher's work and the actor's. The actor has to speak words which he has learnt by heart; he has to repeat exactly the same words each time he plays a certain part, even his movements and the ways in which he uses his voice are usually fixed beforehand(预先).What he has to do is to make all these carefully learnt words and actions seem natural on the stage. A good teacher works in quite a different way. His audience take an active part in his play: they ask and answer questions, they obey orders, and if they don't understand anything, they say so. The teacher can't learn his part by heart, but must invent it as he goes along.

I have known many teachers who are fine actors in class but are unable to take part in a stage-play because they can't keep strictly to what another has written.

（1）From the passage, we know______.

A.a good teacher should be a good actor.

B.a good teacher may be unable to act well on the stage.

C.a good actor should be a good teacher.

D.a good actor may act well in class.

（2）Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A.A good teacher should speak clearly.

B.A good teacher should sit still before his class and speak with his body language.

C.A good actor should speak as others have asked him to do.

D.A good actor should repeat exactly the same words each time he plays a certain part.

（3）The skills of a good teacher are ______ .

A.draw his students' attention.

B.change his voice when needed.

C.act out what he is teaching.

D.all the above.

（4）The title (标题)of the passage is ______.

A.How to be a good teacher.

B.How to be a good actor.

C.A good teacher's knowledge.

D.A good actor's behavior.

【答案】（1）B

（2）B

（3）D

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了教师职业与演员职业的异同。

（1）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“I have known many teachers who are fine actors in class but are unable to take part in a stage-play because they can't keep strictly to what another has written.”我认识许多老师，他们在课堂上是很好的演员，但在舞台剧中却表演不好，因为他们不能严格遵守别人提前写好的内容，可知，一个好老师不一定在表演台上能表演好。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Watch a good teacher, and you will see that he doesn't sit still before his class; he stand s the whole time he is teaching”看一个好老师，你会看到他常常不会静静地在教室前边坐着，他在教授的整节课上都会站着，可知，一个好老师不应该就在班级前坐着，所以选项B描述不正确。故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第一段可知，要成为一名优秀的教师，你需要具备某些好演员的天赋。你必须能hold住观众（学生）的注意力和兴趣点。语言要清晰，声音要宏亮、悦耳，而且收放自如。.而且为了让你所传授的东西更好地被理解，你应该能把你它表演出来。，故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。本文第一段提出了做一名好老师应该具有的天赋，以及通过与演员职业对比，说明做老师与做演员的差异。文章从前到后都在告诉我们如何才能成为一名好老师。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

BEIJING/SAO PAULO-Chinese traditions like cockfighting like-flying and fireworks have been quite common in Brazil for many years.

Despite the thousands of kilometers between them, China's historical and artistic mark on Brazil has existed for about 300 years, said Brazilian sinologist (汉学家) Jose Roberto Teixeira Leite in his book China in Brazil. "Influences from China can date from the colonial period, even up to the time after after Brazil's independence." The commercial relationship between the two countries has existed for a long time, he noted, adding that incoming ships would fill up Brazilian cities like Salvador, Rio de Janeiro and Recife with Chinese products like porcelain (瓷器), silk and fans He also found Chinese influence not only in the arts and architecture of Brazil but also in the most diverse areas of Brazilian society, like the economy, medicine and popular culture. "At the end of the 19th century, in Pernambuco, (a state in northeastern Brazil), there was a custom that children slept with clothes decorated with Chinese dragons." Teixeira added.

The book took him about 15 years to finish. "The impact of the book surprised me, though it was published by a university publisher and it had a print run of just 1,000 copies," he said. "Some have said that the book represents a turning point in Chinese studies in Brazil."

Besides, the sinologist did research on the mark and presence of China in the architecture and arts of Brazil. "It was through art that China awoke in me, first, curiosity, after that, interest, and finally, passion," Teixeira said.

In 1992, the sinologist visited Macao to do research for his doctoral thesis about the marks and presence of China in Brazil, and that trip impressed him a lot. In 2013, Teixeira had a chance to visit the Chinese cities of Beijing, Shenzhen and Shanghai, and got to know "the past and present of the great country culturally, as well as its incredible material development."

（1）What does the underlined sentence imply?

A.Brazilian children's love for dragons as Chinese children.

B.The development of China-Brazil frequent trade cooperation.

C.A further understanding of the cultures of the two countries.

D.China's influence on most diverse areas of Brazilian society.

（2）What marks a new stage of Chinese studies for Brazilian?

A.Children's clothes.

B.The sinologist's traveling.

C.The sinologist's book.

D.China's porcelain.

（3）What fired the sinologist's passion for Chinese studies?

A.Chinese art.

B.Chinese customs.

C.The history of China.

D.China's development.

（4）What is the best title for this passage?

A.The Impression of China on Sinologist.

B.China and Brazil in Eyes of Sinologist

C.An Introduction to Sinologist's New Book

D.The Future of China-Brazil Trade Relations

【答案】（1）D

（2）C

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了巴西汉学家Jose Roberto Teixeira Leite眼中的中国和巴西。

（1）考查句义猜测。根据第二段中的“Influences from China can date from the colonial period, ev en up to the time after after Brazil's independence.”可知中国的影响可以追溯到殖民地时代，甚至到巴西独立之后。从画线句所在的句子“At the end of the 19th century, in Pernambuco,（a state in northeastern Brazil）, there was a custom that children slept with clothes decorated with Chinese dragons．可知19世纪末，在巴西东北部的一个州，伯南布哥，有一个习俗，孩子们睡在装饰有中国龙的衣服上。因此，划线句子显示的是中国对巴西社会各个领域的影响。故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"‘The impact of the book surprised me, though it was published by a university publisher and it had a print run of just 1,000 copies, ’ he said. ‘Some have said th at the book represents a turning point in Chinese studies in Brazil.’"可知这本书的影

响令我吃惊，尽管它是由一家大学出版社出版的，印刷量只有1000册。有人说这本书代表了巴西中国研究的一个转折点。因此，这本书标志着巴西人的汉语研究进入了一个新的阶段。故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的"‘It was through art that China awoke in me, first, curiosity, after tha t, interest, and finally, passion,’ Teixeira said.”可知正是通过艺术，中国在我心中觉醒，首先是好奇心，然后是兴趣，最后是激情，特谢拉说。因此，是艺术激发了这位汉学家对中国研究的热情。故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，巴西汉学家Jose Roberto Teixeira Leite从艺术，商业，经济，医学，文化，建筑等方面介绍了中国对巴西的影响。所以短文的最佳标题为“汉学家眼中的中国和巴西”。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，句义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

Beneath the water in the China's Qiandao Lake lies a hidden treasure. The ancient city of Shi Cheng (also known as Lion City), located in the province of Zhejiang, has been submerged underwater for 53 years. Shi Cheng was founded about 1,300 years ago in a valley surrounded by the Five Lion Mountains. When the Chinese government decided they needed a new hydroelectric power station (水力发电站)，a dam and man-made lake were constructed and the city was left at the bottom of this new body of water. Now, it sits at depths ranging from 85 feet to about 103 feet.

Much like the Machu Picchu ruins in Peru, this underwater city remained forgotten until some renewed interests lead to its rediscovery. Qiu Feng, a local official in charge of tourism thought about utilizing Shi Cheng for entertainment on the lake and as a destination for diving clubs. On September 18, 2001, scuba divers made their first attempt underwater. "We were lucky. As soon as we dived into the lake, we found the outside wall of the town and even picked up a brick, "Qiu told Guangzhou Daily in an interview. More research was conducted, and it was discovered that the entire town was intact (1881), including wooden beams and stairs. After the initial findings, international archaeologists and a film crew then recorded the preservation of the lost ruins.

Looking at surface of the lake, dotted with over 1,000 islands, you'd never know that an entire city was below.

It's incredible to think that after all this time, the structure still remains intact and we could one day visit it. Until then, Shi Cheng will continue to remain inconspicuously submerged.

（1）Why was Shi Cheng covered by water according to the passage?

A. Because the city has a long history.

B. Because the government could attract more tourists by doing so.

C. Because the government needed to build a power station where it was.

D. The mountains surrounding the city led to the consequence.

（2）What does the underlined word "initial" mean in paragraph 2?

A. Original

B. Great

C. Wonderful

D. Amazing

（3）What is the most unbelievable part of Shi Cheng according to the passage?

A. It has something to do with Machu Picchu ruins in Peru.

B. No one was interested in the lost city for a long time.

C. Its structure keeps perfect in the water for a long time.

D. There are over 1,000 islands protecting the lost city.

（4）Who will most probably come to visit the lost city?

A. Someone who likes swimming.

B. Someone who likes diving.

C. Someone who likes climbing mountains.

D. Someone who likes taking pictures.

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）C

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，浙江古城--石城在多年前被埋在水下，后被人们发现。最令人惊叹的是整座城市保存得很完整。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“When the Chinese government decided they needed a new hydroelectric power station (水力发电站) , a dam and man-made lake were constructed and the city was left at the bottom of this new body of water.”可知当时中国政府决定他们需要一个新的水电站，就建立了一个大坝和人工湖,然后这座城市就被留在了水底。故选C。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“After the initial findings, international archaeologists and a film crew then re corded the preservation of the lost ruins.”可知在的发现之后，国际考古学家和一个摄制组记录下了失落的遗址的保存（情况）。由此推断前面那些发现是"最初的"，故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“It's incredible to think that after all this time, the structure still remains intact and we could one day visit it.”可知令人难以置信的是，经过这么长时间，这座建筑仍然完好无损并且我们有一天可以参观它。也就是说石城最难以置信的部分就是它在水下这么长时间还保持完好，故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Now, it sits at depths ranging from 85 feet to about 103 feet”可知石城现在在水下85英尺到103英尺。石城在水下很深的地方，所以参观石城需要潜水，所以最有可能去游玩的是那些喜欢潜水的人，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

Looking to have a rest after the working days？Check out to see if the following events are in your area！

Northside Festival Solely Women

Description: The music festival consists of artists, such as Sidney Gish and Orion Sun, free cake for everyone! If you're looking for a fresh festival with unique artists, look no further!

Time: Saturday, June 9～10, from 12 pm to 6 pm

Location: Baby's All Right, Brooklyn

Tickets:$ 50 per person with no discount

Description: The William Ris Gallery is showing an exhibit all about what females meet in front of life! Check out the exhibit before it's closed after this weekend!

Time: June 8~10, from 12 pm to 5 pm Location: William Ris Gallery at Jamesport Tickets: Free Broadway Commons Carnival Description: It's the season of carnival rides and food on a stick-yes, the carnival is still in town. With free admissions and lights to light up the sky, who wouldn't want to send their day off at Dreamland?

Time: May 31～June 17, from 5 pm to 11 pm

Location: Broadway Mall

Tickets: Free carnival parking, admission and Victoria Circus shows

Long Island's Festival

Description: With exciting events ranging from beach concerts to parades, it's a large and impressive entertainment we can't wait for! You can also start your day with your family to have fun on the Long Beach boardwalk. Time: June 8～10, from 10 am to 11 pm Location: Long Beach Tickets:$ 80 per adult for the concert,a20% discount for children under18

A. Join the carnival at Dreamland.

B. Enjoy the concerts on the Long Beach.

C. Visit an exhibit at the William Ris Gallery.

D. Experience the music festival at Brooklyn.

（2）How much should a mother with her 10-year-old child pay for concerts on the Long Beach?

A. $80.

B. $100.

C. $140.

D. $144.

（3）Which of the following events lasts the shortest time?

A. Northside Festival.

B. Solely Women.

C. Broadway Commons Carnival.

D. Long Island's Festival.

【答案】 （1）C

（2）D

（3）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了四个地方举办的节日—— Northside Festival ， Solely Women ； Broadway Commons Carnival 和 Long Island's Festival 。

（1）考查细节理解。根据 Solely Women 部分中的“ The William Ris Gallery is showing an exhibit all about what females meet in front of life! ”the William Ris Gallery 正在展示一个关于女性在生活中遇到的一切事情的展览！可知选C 。

（2）考查数字计算。根据 Long Island's Festival 部分中的“ Tickets:$ 80 per adult for the concert,a20% discount for children under18 ”可知成人票是80美元，未成年人票价8折，因此一个母亲和一个10岁的孩子的票价款为80+80x80%=144.故选D 。

（3）考查细节理解。根据 Northside Festival 部分中的“ Time: Saturday, June 9～10,

from 12 pm to 6 pm”；Solely Women部分中的“ Time: June 8~10, from 12 pm to 5 pm”；Broadway Commons Carnival部分中的“ Time: May 31～June 17, from 5 pm to 11 pm”以及Long Island's Festival部分中的“ Time: June 8～10, from 10 am to 11 pm”可知Northside Festival只有两天时间，选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和数字计算两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进推理计算，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

Britain and France are two important countries in Europe. They are neighbors, separated only by the 20-mile seaway of the English Channel. And for most of the time that the two countries have existed, the French and the British have been rivals or even enemies. One conflict between the two countries lasted over 100 years, and the British and French were at war through the 18th century.

There is no fighting now, of course. But there is still a strong sense of rivalry (敌对) between the two nations. That's why a recent survey in the UK caused a major shock.

It revealed (揭露) that one third of the British people would like to live in France. It also showed that twenty-one percent of British people would actually prefer to have been born in France.

Many reasons were given. France has a better climate and a more relaxed lifestyle, with some of the longest holidays in Europe. It is thought to have better public services in every area from health to transport. People in France work shorter hours and enjoy longer vacations. And think of the food and wine!

Estimates (估计) of the numbers of Britons living in France range from 100,000 to half a million. But it is not one-way traffic. Around 15,000 French people per year come to live in Britain, mainly settling in London. They are attracted by higher pay in Britain, lower taxes, a more dynamic lifestyle. Now it seems that people can go to the place that suits them best.

（1）Why do some British people like to live in France?

A. They prefer the longer holidays there.

B. England has the worst food in Europe.

C. France is not far away from England.

D. The two countries have always been friends.（2）Some French people mainly set in London because ________.

A. they like better the more dynamic lifestyle

B. they think there are better public services in it

C. they live in France for a long time

D. they can work shorter hours there

（3）Which would be the most ideal way to live for people in both countries?

A. Work and live in France.

B. Work and live in London.

C. Work in London and live in France.

D. Work in France and live in London.

（4）What a suggestion does the text give?

A. Both of the people like to move between two countries.

B. Both of the people are becoming more European.

C. The French are becoming more British.

D. The British are becoming more French.

【答案】（1）A

（2）A

（3）C

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了英国和法国这两个欧洲相邻国家各自生活方式上的特点。英国人想要在法国生活，因为法国有更好的气候和更放松的生活方式，有一些欧洲最长的假期。它被认为在从健康到交通的各个领域都有更好的公共服务。而每年大约有15000名法国人来到英国居住，主要定居在伦敦。他们被英国更高的工资、更低的税收、更有活力的生活方式所吸引。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“People in France work shorter hours and enjoy longer vacations.”可知一些英国人想要去法国生活的原因是他们希望有更长的假期。故选A。（2）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“They are attracted by higher pay in Britain, lower taxes, a more dynamic lifestyle.”可知一些法国人主要定居在伦敦是因为他们被英国更高的工资、更低的税收、更有活力的生活方式所吸引。故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“France has a better climate and a more relaxed lifestyle, with some of the longest holidays in Europe. It is thought to have better public services in every area from health to transport.”可知法国有更好的气候和更放松的生活方式，有一些欧洲最长的假期。它被认为在从健康到交通的各个领域都有更好的公共服务。因此适合人们生活；而根据最后一段中的“They are attracted by higher pay in Britain, lower taxes, a more dynamic lifestyle.”可知伦敦的工资更高、税收更低以及生活方式更有活力，因此适合人们工作。综上，两国人们最理想的生活方式是：在伦敦工作，在法国生活。故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Britain and France are two impor tant countries in Europe. They are neighbors, separated only by the 20-mile seaway of the English Channel.”可知英国和法国是欧洲的两个重要国家。他们是邻居，只隔着20英里远的英吉利海峡。因此可以推测这两个国家的人都在变得更加欧洲化，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

Spring is coming, and it is time for those about to graduate to look for jobs. Competition is tough, so job seekers must carefully consider their personal choices. Whatever we are wearing, our family and friends may accept us, but the workplace may not.

A high school newspaper editor said it is unfair for companies to discourage visible tattoos (纹身)，nose rings, or certain dress styles. It is true you can't judge a book by its cover, yet people do "cover" themselves in order to convey certain messages. What we wear, including tattoos and nose rings, is an expression of who we are. Just as people convey messages about themselves with their appearances, so do companies. Dress standards exist in the business world for a number of reasons, but the main concern is often about what customers accept.

Others may say how to dress is a matter of personal freedom, but for businesses it is more about whether to make or lose money. Most employers do care about the personal appearances

of their employees, because those people represent the companies to their customers.

As a hiring manager I am paid to choose the people who would make the best impression on our customers. There are plenty of well-qualified candidates, so it is not wrong to reject someone who might disappoint my customers. Even though I am open-minded, I can't expect all our customers are.

There is nobody to blame but yourself if your set of choices does not match that of your preferred employer. No company should have to change to satisfy a candidate simply because he or she is unwilling to respect its standards, as long as its standards are legal.

（1）Which of the following is the newspaper editor's opinion according to Paragraph 2?

A. People's appearances can messages about themselves.

B. Customers' choices influence dress standards in companies.

C. Candidates with tattoos or nose rings should be fairly treated.

D. Strange dress styles should not be encouraged in the workplace.

（2）What can be inferred from the text?

A. Candidates have to wear what companies prefer for an interview.

B. Hiring managers make the best impression on their candidates.

C. Companies sometimes have to change to respect their candidates.

D. What to wear is not a matter of personal choice for companies.

（3）Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

A. Personal Choices Matter

B. Appearances Matter

C. Employees Matter

D. Hiring Managers Matter

（4）The author's attitude towards strange dress styles in the workplace may best be described .

A. negative

B. positive

C. enthusiastic

D. sympathetic

【答案】（1）C

（2）D

（3）B

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了公司职员的着装是否得体不只代表个人还代表公司，而求职者的着装也会影响招聘经理对其的印象。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"A high school newspaper editor said it is unfair for companies to discourage visible tattoos(纹身) nose rings, or certain dress styles."可知报纸编辑认为有纹身或者鼻环的人也应该被公平对待，故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"Dress standards exist in the business world for a number of reasons, but the main concern is often about what customers accept." 可知在职场着装不只代表个人形象更代表公司形象，故选D。

（3）考查主旨大意。文章主要讲了公司职员的着装是否得体不只代表个人还代表公司，而求职者的着装也会影响招聘经理对其的印象，由此可知文章的主要内容为着装，故选B。

（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"There is nobody to blame but yourself if your set of

choices does not match that of your preferred employer. No company should have to change to satisfy a candidate simply because he or she is unwilling to respect its standards, as long as its standards are legal."可知，作者认为求职者因为奇装异服而被公司拒绝是很正常的，因为很少会有公司会为求职者改变标准，求职者应该改变自己来符合公司的要求。由此可知作者对奇装异服的态度是负面的，选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

9．阅读理解

Ray Tokuda, a 54-year-old Japanese American, is proud of the title his school has given him. He is a Shifu, a Chinese word literally meaning a master, mentor or senior practioner of martial arts.

Tokuda has reason to be proud. He has been involved with Chinese martial arts for almost four decades. After learning them at the martial arts school in New Mexico State, today he is among the most experienced kung fu teachers of the school.

Practicing martial arts two to three hours and helping students improve their skills have become Tokuda's daily routine. He expects to practice and teach martial arts for the rest of his life. "I'm still learning. It's worth more than a lifetime to learn Chinese martial arts," he said. "Once I started, I just couldn't stop. I think it's also the magic of Chinese culture."

Tokuda was sent to the martial arts school when he was 10. He still remembers how unwilling he was when starting out. "My father had always wanted to learn Chinese martial arts but never got the chance, so he put his kid in," he said. "I was so afraid at that time because I thought kung fu was all about fighting."

But things changed after he learned that martial arts were more than punching and kicking.

"One of the things martial arts teach me is overcoming adversity," Tokuda said. "As a little kid, my first lesson was like, oh, look, this is a thing that I can get through by diligence, perseverance （毅力）and dedication, and that was priceless for my life."

Learning Chinese martial arts opened a gateway for him to better understand Chinese culture because he could hear a lot of ancient Chinese kung fu-related stories. "It is like in America, where we hear stories about knights in shining armor and King Arthur and noble deeds done," he said. "I feel martial arts preserve something of ancient China that can't be found in books. They are sort of an oral history."

Tokuda has also been invited to various events in his home state to showcase traditional Chinese culture, including the dragon dance and lion dance, which he also learnt at the martial arts school. Because of this, he is now considered a cultural envoy (使者) in the eyes of the public.（1）Tokuda didn't want to learn kung fu because he had thought it was __________.

A. practical

B. magical

C. violent

D. difficult

（2）From the passage, what can we learn about Tokuda?

A. He learnt martial arts from his father.

B. He is the founder of the kung fu school.

C. He learnt from martial arts how to deal with difficulties.

D. He is the most experienced kung fu teacher of his state.

（3）Which of the following words can best describe Tokuda?

A. Modest and friendly.

B. Devoted and persevering.

C. Talented and humorous.

D. Motivated and considerate.

【答案】（1）C

（2）C

（3）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，功夫让一位日裔美国人成为中国文化使者，帮助传播中国传统文化——武术。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“I was so afraid at that time because I thought kung fu was all about fighting. ”可知，那时，Tokuda以为功夫就是打斗。故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第六段中的"‘One of the things martial arts teach me is overcoming adversity,’ Tokuda said.‘As a little kid, my first lesson was like, oh, look, this is a thing that I can get through by diligence, perseverance（毅力）and dedication, and that was priceless for my life.’”Tokuda认为，武术教他的一件事就是克服逆境，从而可以推断出他从武术中学会了如何处理困难。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Tokuda has reason to be proud. He has been involved with Chinese martial arts for almost four decades. ”Tokuda从事中国武术近40年，可以推断他的坚持；第三段中的“Practicing martial arts two to three hours and helping students improve their skills have become Tokuda's daily routine. He expects to practice and teach martial arts for the rest of his life. ”帮助学生提高他们的技能已经成为Tokuda每天的例行公事，他希望在他的余生中练习和教授武术，可以推断他对自己事业的热爱与奉献。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

10．阅读理解

The Peony Culture Festival of Luoyang

Spring is time for people to go out and see blossoming flowers. Luoyang in Henan, China is famous for peonies, the city's official flower. The city's annual Peony Culture Festival begins in early April and lasts till early May. Peonies are in full bloom during the event, which was first held in 1983.

You can go to the Luoyang National Peony Garden. The peonies there are known for their rich colors and long florescence. Don't miss the 1,600-year-old "Peony King"!

Chinese Language Day

Chinese is one of the six official working languages of the United Nations. The LIN has set

different days for these languages to promote their uses. It holds exhibitions, shows and other activities. In 2010, the first Chinese Language Day was held on Nov. 12. But since 2011, it has been held on April 20. The date is close to Grain Rain, one of the 24 solar terms. It means "rain of millet". People celebrate Grain Rain to remember Cangjie, a mythical character. Many people believe that Cangjie was the first person to write Chinese characters. When he did this, it rained millet and saved people from hunger.

China Astronautics Day

On April 24, 1970, China's first man-made Earth satellite — Dongfanghong I — went into space. It was a big step for China's space program. In 2016, the government set April 24 as China Astronautics Day. Many events are held across the country to celebrate this special day. For example, astronauts and scientists will give talks to students. Some cities will hold exhibitions about space development.

Last year, China had big plans for its space program. On December 8, it launched its second lunar rover（月球车）as part of the Chang'e 4 space mission, which landed on the far side of the moon.

（1）When was the first Chinese Language Day held by the United Nations?

A. In 1970.

B. In 1983.

C. In 2010.

D. In 2011.

（2）What does the introduction to "China Astronautics Day" show?

A. China sent the first man-made earth satellite.

B. China has progressed greatly in astronautics.

C. Chang'e 4 consists of two lunar rovers.

D. Chang'e 4 is another space station built by China.

（3）What do the festivals have in common?

A. They all take place in April at present.

B. They are celebrated nationwide.

C. All the participants are Chinese people.

D. Their dates were once changed for some reason.

【答案】（1）C

（2）B

（3）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了洛阳牡丹节、汉语节和中国航天日等几个节日。

（1）考查细节理解。根据Chinese Language Day部分中的"In 2010, the first Chinese Language Day was held on Nov. 12. But since 2011, it has been held on April 20. In 2010, the first Chinese Language Day was held on Nov. 12. But since 2011, it has been held on April 20."可知，第一个联合国汉语日设在2010年，故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。根据China Astronautics Day 部分中的"On April 24, 1970, China's first man-made Earth satellite —Dongfanghong I —went into space. It was a big step for China's space program. In 2016, the government set April 24 as China Astronautics Day."可知，1970年4月24日，中国第一颗人造地球卫星"东方红一号"进入太空。2016年，政府将4月24日定为中国航天日。故中国航天日的介绍说明了中国航天事业取得了巨大进步，选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据这三个节日的时间设定可知，三个节日的共同之处就是它们都是在四月，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。