KEY 2010 Ch 7 Study Guide

Name:______________________________ Date:____________________Chapter 7: Cell Structure and Function Study Guide Section 7-1: Life is Cellular1.Who was the first scientist to discover cells? What kind of cells did heobserve? Hooke – cork cells – he coined the term “Cell”2.Which scientist was the first to look at live cells under a microscope?Leuwenhoek – called them “animicules”3.Describe the works of Schleiden and Schwann. What did their researchcontributed to the cell theory?Schliden = all plants are made of cellsSchwann = all animals are made of cells- they contributed to the “all living things are made of cells” piece of the cell theory4.List the three parts of the cell theory:1) all living things are made of cells2) cells are the basic unit of structure and function within an organism3) cells come from preexisting cells5.What did Rudolf Virchow’s discoveries bring to our knowledge of cells? Cells come from preexisting cells.6.Biologists divide cells into two categories: PROKARYOTES__ andEUKARYOTES_.pare and Contrast these two types of cells? Give examples of both. BOTH ARE Types of cells, both have DNA, cytoplasm, a cell membrane and ribosomesProkaryotes – no nucleus or membrane bound organelles (super simple) EX: BacteriaEukaryotes – HAVE a true nucleus and many specialized membrane bound organelles – are usually larger and more complex – make up multicellular organisms EX: animal or plant cellSection 7-2: Eukaryotic Cell Structuresbel the structures on the illustration below of an animal and plant cell.--Also look over your cell organelle table (structure, function/location, and picture)9.What distinguishes rough ER from smooth ER? What is the difference inwhat they produce?Rough ER – has ribosomes (and smooth ER does not have ribosomes) - Rough ER helps to modify proteins (changes their shape to become functional)- Smooth ER makes lipids for the cell membrane10.What is the function of the nucleus?The nucleus stores the genetic information of the cell - DNA11.What important parts does the nucleus contain? What are theirfunctions?- nucleus contains the nucleolus (make ribosomes), the nuclear envelope (to monitor what comes into and leaves the nucleus), and DNA which codes for making all proteins within a cell12.What does chromatin consist of? When chromatin condenses during celldivision what does it form?Chromatin consists of DNA which is unwound and functioning within a cell – chromatin condenses during cell division into chromosomes13.What is the cytoskeleton? What are its functions?Supporting framework of the cell.a.Maintains cell shapeb.Means “Cell skeleton”Can aide in cell movement such as cilia or flagella or movement of things within a cell14.What takes place in the nucleolus?Ribosomes are made15.Circle the letter of EACH sentence that is true about lysosomes.a.They contain enzymes that help synthesize lipids.b.They break down organelles that have outlived their usefulness.c.They produce proteins that are modified by the ERd.They contain enzymes that break down lipids, carbs, and proteinsMATCHING:16._F_ Ribosome a. Uses energy from sunlight to make energy-richi.food17.__D__ ER b. Stack of membranes in which enzymes attachi.carbohydrates and lipids to proteins18._B_Golgi Apparatus c. Uses energy from food to make high-energypounds19.__G_ Lysosome d. An internal membrane system in whichcomponents of cell membrane and some proteins are constructed20.__E__ Vacuole e. Saclike structure that stores materials21._A_ Chloroplast f. Small particle of RNA and protein that produces22.__C_ Mitochondria g. Filled with enzymes used to break down foodinto particles that can be used by the cell23.True or False: Both chloroplasts and mitochondria contain their own DNA.24.Circle the letter of EACH structure that animal cells contain.a.Chloroplastsb. lysosomesb. c. cytoskeleton d. ER25.Circle the letter of EACH structure that plant cells contain.a.Cell Wallb. ERc. Lysosomesd. chloroplastSection 7-3: Cell Boundaries26.What are the main jobs of the Cell membrane?To monitor what comes into and leaves the cell, structure and support for the cell27.What is diffusion?Movement of molecules OTHER THAN WATER across a selectively permeable membraneNO ENERGY REQUIREDMoves from HIGH concentration to LOW concentration28.What is osmosis? Does it require energy?•Movement of WATER across a selectively permeable membrane (basically the diffusion of water)•NO ENERGY REQUIRED•Water moves from HIGH to LOW until equilibrium is reached29.Describe Isotonic, Hypertonic and Hypotonic.a.Isotonic: “equal strength”Same concentration on both sidesNO net movement of waterb. Hypertonic:“Above Strength”•GREATER concentration of water INSIDE the cell•Water moves OUT to balance with surroundings•As a result CELL WILL SHRINK!b. Hypotonic:“Below Strength”–LESS concentration of water INSIDE the cell–Water moves IN from surroundings to balance with surroundings–As a result the CELL WILL BURST!!30.What structures in the cell membrane aid in facilitated diffusion? What arethey made of?They have a SPECIFIC protein channels that allow them pass thru the membrane Made of PROTEINS…31.Describe the four types of Active Transport:•Endocytosis: Takes materials in with in pocketing–Forms a vacuole in cytoplasm•Phagocytosis: “cell eating”–Take in food or solids•Pinocytosis: “cell drinking”–Take in liquidsExocytosis: Sends materials out with an out pocketing»Gets rid of cellular wasteSection 7-4: The Diversity of Cellular Life32.What is cell specialization?– cells throughout and organism develop in different ways to performdifferent tasks.33.Describe the levels of organization from simplest level to the most complexlevel:•Cells – Basic unit of life•Tissues – Group of similar cells that perform the same function•Organs – Many tissues working together•Organ Systems – Group of organs working together to perform a specific function34.Give an example of each of the 4 levels of organization.•Cells – red blood cell•Tissues – Muscle tissue•Organs – Stomach, lung•Organ Systems – Digestive system, respiratory system。