2019年复旦大学外国留学生本科生招生入学考试英语大纲及样题
2019-2020学年上海复旦大学附属中学国际部高三英语模拟试卷及答案
2019-2020学年上海复旦大学附属中学国际部高三英语模拟试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AWhen the weather is bad or when the flu breaks out, we can let the kids do some fun things at home, which can be beneficial to kids.Reading out loudIf your children are young enough, don't forget to read books to them out loud! Few children dislikehaving a good book read to them, and it's great for the development of their brains. However, if your children are a bit older and have moved onto more advanced books, there is always the choice of listening to an audiobook. This can also be done while they're doing something else.Playing board gamesMaybe your children's table is full of board games, which have been forgotten for a long time. It's a good time to bring them out when playing outside is no longer a choice. Surely, playing board games is a great way to connect with children. In addition, many board games are designed to get children thinking!Having a dance partyConsidering that all you need is a speaker or maybe just a phone, you can have a dance party wherever you are! This is a great way to get kids’ bodies moving when they are inside. Play some of your children's favorite music and let them dance to it. Not only is it good exercise, but it will help your children feel time is flying!Doing jigsaw (拼图) puzzlesFor most people that have children, it's common to have at least one jigsaw puzzle at home. Jigsaw puzzles are great because everyone can do them on their own time. Besides, your whole family will have a sense of achievement when everyone is smiling over the finished product.1. What do reading out loud and playing board games have in common?A. They both develop children's team spirit.B. They both improve children's listening ability.C. They both do good to children's thinking ability.D. They both focus on interaction between children.2. Which of the following combines exercise and music?A. Reading out loud.B. Playing board games.C. Doing jigsaw puzzles.D. Having a dance party.3. What is the purpose of the text?A. To list four interesting children's parties.B. To recommend four children's favorite books.C. To introduce some activities for children inside.D. To show some funny things for children outside.BIt’s a big change from homeless teen to Yale (耶鲁)medical school student, butperseverancepaid off for Chelesa Fearce of Clayton County, Georgia.Fearce was a fourth grader when her mom was diagnosed (诊断) with Lymphoma (淋巴瘤).That began a hard time for the family. They had to move in and out of shelters,hotels and even the family car.“I know I have been made stronger. I was homeless. My family slept on the floor and we were lucky if we got more than one full meal a day. Getting a shower, food and clean clothes was an everyday struggle,” Fearce said in a speech she gave at her high school graduation ceremony. Fearce overcame her day-to-day struggles by focusing on a better day. “I just told myself to keep working, because the future will not be like this anymore. And that helped me get through,” she told WSBTV.Fearce was determined to be a good role model for her younger sister. She found inspiration in her late grandmother, struggling with deadly diseases, who gave Fearce emotional support. In her junior and senior year, Fearce took both high school and college courses, missing out on the free meals she depended on so she could get to her college classes. Despite having to use her cellphone to study after the shelter lights were turned off at night, she not only graduated as valedictorian (毕业生代表) of her 2013 class with a 4.5 grade average, but was also given a ride scholarship—including a meal plan to Spelman College in Atlanta.After graduation, she worked full time for two years at the National Institutes for Health inBethesda,Maryland,doing research on drugs. Last fall, she entered Yale and set a course to earn both a PhD and medical degree.4. What does the underlined word “perseverance” in paragraph 1 refer to?A. instant passion.B. continuous efforts.C. great patience.D. selfless ambitions.5. How did Fearce feel facing the sufferings?A. Sad and disappointed.B. Stressed and defeated.C. Determined and confident.D. Joyous and contented.6. What can we know about Fearce’s learning experience?A. Her grandma encouraged her to study medicine.B. Her high school offered her free meals and courses.C. She failed to study late due to frequent power cut.D. She gained remarkable high school achievement.7. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. From Homeless to YaleB. Meet American’s Top GirlC. Disabled but not DefeatedD. Chelesa Fearce: A Girl of Many TalentsCThe American poet Louise Gluck, author of 12 collections of poetry, has been awarded the 2020 Nobel Prize in Literature. Born inNew Yorkin 1943, Gluck published her first volume of poetry, “Firstborn”, in 1968, quickly gaining her reputation as a poet. In the decades since, she has become one of the country's most celebrated literary figures. Her work uses the power of myth to deal with some of our darkest human concerns. Her straightforward language always gets at the heart of deep-seated anxieties: loneliness, rejection, death ...Stephanie Burt,an English professor atHarvardUniversity, said, “She's someone who's been able to make emotion states vivid on the page... Few poets have tried as hard as she has not to repeat herself. And her strongest books are really different from one another”. “She offers poetry lovers a lot of inspiration, but she's also on a lot of bookshelves," said Chiasson, a poet, who added she is a generous reader of her fellow writers’work.At Yale, where Gluck is a professor of English, she served for years as judge of the Yale Series of Younger Poets Prize and worked closely with poets she chose for the prize and those she did not, helping them shape their work. “In that very practical way she's had an enormous influence on a great many figures,” said Langdon Hammer, a professor of English at Yale. “She's someone who has been a 'guiding spirit’ for generations of students, writers, and readers.”Gluck described teaching and writing as symbiotic. “I teach not out of selflessness or generosity: I do it because it feeds me,” she said. “It feeds them, too, so it's a happy relationship. I'm sure not all my students feelthat way, but some do. I never feel that it takes me from my work: I think it gives me my work.”8. Which of the following topics might Gluck tend to explore in her work?A. Victory.B. Divorce.C. Romance.D. Achievement.9. What quality does Gluck have according to the passage?A. Humorous and intelligent.B. Ambitious and helpful.C. Considerate and optimistic.D. Inspiring and creative.10. What does teaching mean to Gluck?A. A source of wealth.B. A barrier to writing.C. A fountain of creation.D. A stepping stone to fame.11. What is the best title for the text?A. A Guiding SpiritB. A Successful PioneerC. An Adventurous CreatorD. A Hardworking WriterDBertha von Suttner received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1905—she was the first woman to receive it, and also the inspiration for the creation of the Nobel Prize.She met Alfred Nobel, a rich millionaire, by answering hisnewspaper ad for a secretary. Although she only worked for him for a few weeks, she remained good friends with Alfred Nobel for the next 20 years. When she became involved in the peace movement inEurope, she promised to keep Nobel informed of its progress. When Alfred Nobel died in 1896, his will included the establishment of a peace prize, thanks to Bertha von Suttner’s influence.Bertha von Suttner was born in an aristocratic (贵族) military family, but she spent the second half of her life working for peace. She wrote books, attended peace conferences, gave lectures and helped organize peace societies inAustria,GermanyandHungary, as well as the International Peace Bureau inSwitzerland. Her novel Lay Down your Arms, was one of the most influential anti-war books of all time, and helped to make her a leader of the peace movement in Europe. Its end to war theme was both the ambition (抱负) and the most important goal in the life of this great woman.Bertha von Suttner worked so hard for peace because she believed that a terrible war would break out inEuropeif nations didn’t work hard to establish lasting peace institutions. She made many major achievements for a more peaceful world, but two months after she died, World War I broke out. A hundred years after she won theNobel Peace Prize, nations still seem to view war as a choice to work out their problems. But like Bertha von Suttner did, many today are working hard around the world to help strengthen peace institutions and spread the idea that it’s time to put an end to war.12. Which of the following is true about Bertha von Suttner?A. She worked for Alfred Nobel for 20 years.B. She helped Alfred Nobel draw up his will.C. She persuaded Alfred Nobel to join the peace movement.D. She inspired Alfred Nobel to establish the Nobel Peace Prize.13. Paragraph 3 is mainly about Bertha von Suttner’s _____________.A. efforts and contributions to the peace movement.B. family background and work experiences.C. writing career and life experiences.D. ambition and goals in life.14. What do we know aboutLay Doun Your Arms?A. It was based on a true story.B. It recorded Bertha von Suttner’s daily life.C. It was about an aristocratic military family.D. It showed Bertha von Suttner’s wish for peace.15. What can we infer about Bertha von Suttner from the last paragraph?A. Her fight for peace is still shared by many.B. She failed to found peace institutions.C. She successfully predicted awar.D. She lost her life in World War I.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲、考试说明解读：英语
2019年高考考试说明解读：英语2016年10月11日，教育部考试中心主任姜钢在《中国教育报》发表署名文章《探索构建高考评价体系全方位推进高考内容改革》，该文章为今后的高考指明了方向：把立德树人作为教育的根本任务，紧扣全国统一考试大纲，以考查学生综合运用语言的能力为主要目标。
其后的《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》及《2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》都保持了这一根本方向。
而细读《2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》，发现其与2017年和2018年的《考试大纲》保持一致，没有明显的变化。
这说明在2019年的高考英语中，试题将继续体现高中英语教育、教学的基本原则，即落实立德树人的根本教学任务，以英语学科核心素养为纲，体现英语学科的基础性、工具性、交际性和思想性等。
重视对学生基础知识的考查，继续深化对英语实际应用能力的考查，相对弱化语法，加强听力、阅读、写作能力，体现交际功能和中国文化元素等。
《2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲的说明》的变化集中体现在书面表达的样题改变、评分原则和第二档、第一档的评分依据上。
在2019年的《考试说明》中，书面表达样题特意使用了2018年全国卷III的书面表达——向英国朋友介绍你校学生体育运动情况。
具体如下：假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Peter来信询问你校学生体育运动情况。
请给他回信，内容包括：1. 学校的体育场馆；2. 主要的运动项目；3. 你喜欢的项目。
注意：1．词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
在书面表达样题后，“评分原则”前新增一段说明：【说明】书面表达题目旨在考查考生的英语写作能力，评价其能否运用相关常识和语言知识进行有效的文字表达，完成特定的交际任务。
本题要求考生给英国朋友写封回信，答复他所询问的学校学生体育运动情况，引导考生关注体育运动和身心健康，弘扬体育精神。
在“评分原则”中，将2018年及以前的第4点：“内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的数量和……”改为“内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的丰富性和……”。
阅读理解-2019年高考英语考试大纲解读(含答案)
阅读理解-2019年高考英语考试大纲解读（含答案）《2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》（英语）中有关阅读的要求：要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。
考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）理解文中具体信息；（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；（4）做出判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
【解读】阅读是我国考生学习和使用外语的最主要途径，因此，阅读理解在试卷中占权重较大。
该部分要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。
考生应能：2. 理解文中具体信息文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节信息对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。
具体信息有时可以直接从文章中获取，有时则需要进行归纳、概括和推断后才能得到。
3. 根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义阅读文章时，常常会遇到一些过去未见过的单词和短语，但许多这类词语的含义可以通过上下文推断出来。
这种不使用词典而通过阅读上下文来推断词语含义的能力，是一个合格的读者必须具备的能力，因此也是阅读理解部分经常考查的一种能力。
4.根据所读内容作出判断和推理在实际的阅读活动中，常常需要根据文章提供的事实和线索，进行逻辑推理，推测作者未明确提到的事实或某事件发展的趋势等。
这种判断和推理的能力是阅读理解能力的重要构成部分，因而也是阅读理解部分重点考查的能力之一。
6. 理解作者的意图、观点和态度每篇文章都有一个特定的写作目的，或是向读者传递某个信息，或是愉悦读者，或是讲授某个道理。
而这些信息通常并不是明确表达出来，而是隐含在文章之中。
因此，读者需要在理解文章总体内容的基础上，去领会作者的言外之意。
【说明文】【样题】(2018·全国新课标I，D)We may think we’re a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (装置) well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment – and our wallets – as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life – from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn’t throw out our old ones.“The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids’ r oom, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house,” said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We’re not just keeping these old devices– we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt’s team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption andcontribution to greenhouse gas emissions (排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.So wha t’s the solution (解决方案)? The team’s data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.32. What does the author think of new devices?A. They are environment-friendly.B. They are no better than the old.C. They cost more to use at home.D. They go out of style quickly.33. Why did Babbitt’s team conduct the research?A. To reduce the cost of minerals.B. To test the life cycle of a product.C. To update consumers on new technology.D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices.34. Which of the following uses the least energy?A. The box-set TV.B. The tablet.C. The LCD TV.D. The desktop computer.35. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?A. Stop using them.B. Take them apart.C. Upgrade them.D. Recycle them.【文章大意】本文是一篇科普说明文。
2019年高考英语写作考试大纲解读(含答案)
2019年高考英语写作考试大纲解读（含答案）《2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》（英语）中有关写作的要求：要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。
考生应能：（1）清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思；（2）有效运用所学语言知识。
【解读】写作是语言运用能力的重要表现形式。
该部分要求考生根据题示进行书面表达。
考生应能：2.使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思任何一篇文章都需要有一个主题，作者应该围绕该主题，使用合适的句型、词组等，清楚、连贯地表达自己的思想。
新课标卷主要分两节，第一节为短文改错，第二节书面表达。
常用词语和句子准时on time/punctually餐桌礼仪table manners合适的、恰当的appropriate拜访pay a visit toYou are suppos ed/expected/required to do…It’s a good idea to…It’s appropriate/suitable to do …It’s sensible/reasonable/advisable to do …It’s good manners to do …It’s noteworthy that…I think it would be more helpful if you could do…It would be wise of you to…It’s desirable to do …It’s inappropriate to do …It’s impolite to do…It’s unwise/inadvisable to do …Never （助动词/系动词/情态动词）主语+谓语动词…It’s not suitable for you to do…in such a situation.【备考启示】近年来高考写作的命题常用的思想就是高起点低落点。
高起点题目很高，中国文化，中国故事，中国礼仪等等，但最终都把它们落在应用文的框架里，这就是低落点。
复旦大学2018级外国留学生本科生新生
复旦大学2018级外国留学生本科生新生入学须知The Registration Guide for 2018 NewInternational Undergraduate StudentsFudan University复旦大学2018级外国留学生本科生新生入学须知一、入学准备1. 入境签证关于签证和居留许可，新生请务必申请学习签证（X1或X2签证）入境，具体信息请认真阅读一同寄送的《2018年复旦大学留学生新生签证&住宿指南》。
2. 查询学号8月1日起，新生可访问复旦大学外国留学生工作处网站查询学号（/QueryStuNo/），以便预订留学生公寓和访问迎新系统。
3. 支付学费新生请于8月20日至9月28日登录/wszf.htm，并按照指示网上支付学费。
学费按学年支付,学费标准请浏览我校财务处网站收费公示/。
办理缴费过程中，若有疑问，请与复旦大学财务处联系。
联系电话：+86-21-65648170邮箱：hyj@4.住宿安排新生可选择入住留学生公寓，也可以选择校外住宿。
留学生公寓需网上预订（/house.htm）。
预定时间为8月6日上午9:00至8月8日上午9:00（北京时间）。
因房间数量有限，先到先得。
网上预订住房时需输入学号。
关于校内、校外住宿其他信息，请认真阅读《复旦大学留学生新生签证&住宿指南》。
5.来校交通学校不提供接机或接站服务，请同学们自行到校。
（1）前往复旦大学正门（上海市杨浦区邯郸路220号）浦东机场：机场四线到五角场站，换乘出租车，约35元；乘坐出租车，约200元。
虹桥机场/虹桥火车站：轨道交通10号线到国权路站或江湾体育场站，换乘出租车，约20元；乘坐出租车，约100元。
上海火车站：轨道交通3号线到大柏树站，换乘出租车，约20元；乘坐出租车，约50元。
（2）前往复旦大学留学生公寓（上海市杨浦区武东路57号）浦东机场：机场四线到五角场站，换乘出租车，约35元；乘坐出租车，约200元。
2019年上海高考英语真题及答案
2019年6月全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海英语试卷I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. A new bookstore. B. A new road.C. Good novels.D. The past history.2. A. He is a doctor of surgery.B. He was hurt yesterday because of an accident.C. He injured his back yesterday just by sneezing.D. He wants to look for a job at hospital.3. A. Excited. B. Serious. C. Impatient. D. Disappointed.4. A .Xi’an. B. Chengdu C. At home. D. In the company.5. A. She lives a healthy life now. B. He has a habit of drinking orange juice.C. He is too careful about his diet.D. He is used to taking regular exercise.6. A. Sun. B. Water. C. Fertilizer. D. Soil.7. A. Some courses on reading. B. Some courses on writing.C. The habit of keeping a diary.D. Her potential talent.8. A. She is too busy to take exercises. B. She doesn’t have enough money.C. It's unnecessary for her to take some lessons.D. She has never planned to play tennis.9. A. The park is far away from their home.B. He hates to walk to the park.C. He wants to drive his car to another park.D. It will be faster for them to drive to the park rather than walk.10. A. He is adding and reading the numbers. B. He is checking the financial report.C. He is rewriting the number.D. He is trying to make the budget limited.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the question will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. When they go forth into an area that they are unfamiliar with.B. When they are qualified to bring the story back.C. When they start an urgent project.D. When they have never written the same subject.12. A. Because he is a baseball fan all his life.B. Because he has interviewed a professional athlete.C. Because they are moved by the speaker’s sincerity.D. Because the speaker has done some sports reporting before.13. A. Broaden the story with their own strength.B. Grow up happily and luckily.C. Get some unexpected results.D. Become a productive writer.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Creativity is production of something original and useful.B. Creativity happens on the right side of the brain.C. Creativity is related to the freedom from concrete facts.D. Everyone has his special creativity.15. A. By focusing on obvious facts and familiar solutions to see if the answer lies there.B. By scanning remote memories that could be vaguely relevant.C. By focusing our attention to search for a wide range of distant information.D. By cutting off the connection it may have with the problem before it escapes.16. A. The common sense about the production of creativity.B. The both sides of the brain working together to creativity.C. A sense of pleasure produced by the creativity.D. How difficult that we come up with a new single idea.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation17. A. Their plan for the summer vacation. B. The woman’s new job.C. Peter’s experience of volunteer.D. The spirit of activities.18. A. Supervising a volunteer program in a non-profit art gallery.B. Cleaning up the gallery every weekend.C. Donating cash and other things.D. Offering some part- time jobs to the young.19. A. Taking part in activities that are respected.B. Taking part in activities that are creative.C. Taking part in activities you show enthusiasm for.D. Taking part in activities you're responsible for.20. A. Fund B. Persistence C. Acknowledgement. D. RespectII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word for the other blanks use one word that best fits each blank.Millions of Baby Olive Ridley Turtles Emerge in OrissaNature is full of wonders. In (21)__________ is one of the most breathtaking sights in nature, millions of baby Ridley turtles broke out of their eggshells under the sand at one of their mass nesting grounds in coastal Orissa. The baby turtles started their journey towards the Bay of Bengal (22) __________ __________ __________ they emerged from their nest in the southern district of Ganjam, about 175 km from Bhubaneshwar.Orissa is the home three mass nesting sites of the Oliver turtles, a species (23) __________ (threaten) with extinction, and one of the sites, Gahirmatha, (24) __________ around 70 to 80 million turtles lay eggs on the beach every year, is considered one of the world’s largest nesting sites.The female turtles drag (25) __________ up the beach from the sea, dig a nest, lay at least one hundred eggs, cover and conceal their eggs and nest, and then return to the sea. The females never visit the nest again to take care of the eggs that (26) __________ (deposit) in the warm sand.The baby turtles emerge from the eggs after 45-60 days, then the babies grow without their mother, which is a rare phenomenon in nature. Interestingly, it is on the same beach where they were born (27) __________ the females lay their eggs.In the recent years, sea erosion has led to many turtles' nest (28) __________ (damage) or destroyed. Also, some fierce animals such as dogs and birds (29) __________ (reduce) the number of nesting turtles. And of course man has also had a negative impact (30) __________ using engine powered fishing boats near the turtles' nesting grounds.Section BDirections：Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Myopia, or short-sightedness, is a condition in which distant objects appear blurred (模糊的), but closer object can usually be seen in sharp focus. Its biological basis is an eye that, during childhood, has grown too long for its optical power. The focal plane for images of distant objects ends up in front of the retina, causing out-of-_____31_____ perception.Myopia was once regarded as almost totally genetically _____32_____. But its prevalence (流行) has increased spectacularly in urban mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, Japan and South Korea, where 80-90% of those completing high school are now short-sighted. This is up from 20-30% only two generations ago. Since gene pools do not change that fast, these massive changes must be due to _____33_____ change. In 2005, we _____34_____ reviewed the research on myopia and found a correlation with education. (This was not a particularly novel insight; such a link was supposed as far back as Kepler in 1604.) We found locations with a high prevalence of myopia were all top performers in surveys of international educational outcomes.Fortunately, not all high-_____35_____ locations, Australia among them, showed a high prevalence of myopia. This shows that high educational outcomes do not necessarily lead to myopia. We also hypothesized that all human population groups had a tendency to develop myopia under particular environmental conditions. Indeed, North America and Europe have seen growing rates of myopia, although they are still nowhere near as high as in East and Southeast Asia.A common cutoff for high myopia is - 5 diopters(屈光度).This means vision is blurred beyond 20cm from the eyes. Such severe or high myopia increases with age and can lead to visual impairment that can’t be corrected. The prevalence of high myopia has now reached 20% in young adults in East and Southeast Asia, which foreshadows major increases in visual _____36_____ and blindness as these young adults age. So prevention of myopia has become crucial, particularly for East and Southeast Asia.Australia has _____37_____ low levels of myopia with a lifestyle that emphasizes outdoors activities. Young children report spending two to three hours a day outside, not _____38_____ time outdoors at school. However, there are formidable barriers to achieving this benchmark in locations where spending time outdoors is seen as a(n) _____39_____ from study. Policyresponses must therefore also aim to slow the progression of myopia, the phenomenon in which mild to _____40_____ myopia becomes more severe during childhood. There is currently controversy over whether time outdoors slows progression, but strong seasonal effects progression suggest that it may.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.We're told that writing is dying. Typing on keyboards and screens _____41_____ written communication today. Learning cursive (草书), joined-up handwriting was once _____42_____ in schools. But now, not so much. Countries such as Finland have dropped joined-up handwriting lessons in schools___43___ typing courses. And in the U.S. , the requirement to learn cursive has been left out of core standards since 2013. A few U.S. states still place value on formative cursive education, such as Arizona, but they're not the _____44_____.Some experts point out that writing lessons can have indirect _____45_____. Anne Trubek , author of The History and Uncertain Future of Handwriting, argues that such lessons can reinforce a skill called automaticity. That's when you've perfected a task, and can do it almost without thinking, _____46_____ you extra mental bandwidth to think about or do other things while you're doing the task. In this sense, Trubek likens handwriting to _____47_____.“Once you have driven for a while, you don't _____48_____ think ‘Step on gas now’[or] ‘Turn the steering wheel a bit’,” she explains. “You just do it. That's what we want children to _____49_____ when learning to write. You and I don't think ‘now make a loop goi ng up for the ‘1’’—or ‘now look for the letter ‘r' on the keyboard’.” Trubek has written many essays and books on handwriting, and she doesn't believe it will die out for a very long time, “if ever”. But she believes students are learning automaticity faster with keyboards than with handwriting: students are learning how to type without looking at the keys at _____50_____ ages, and to type faster than they could write, granting them extra time to think about word choice or sentence structure. In a piece penned (if you'll pardon the expression) for the New York Times last year, Trubek argued that due to the improved automaticity of keyboards, today's children may well become better communicators in text as _____51_____ takes up less of their education. This is a(n) _____52_____ that has attracted both criticism and support.She explains that two of the most common arguments she hears from detractors regarding the decline of handwriting is that not _____53_____ it will result in a " loss of history " and a “lo ss of personal touch”.On the former she _____54_____ that 95% of handwritten manuscripts can't be read by the average person anyway — "that's why we have paleographers, " she explains, paleography being the study of ancient styles of writing — while the latter refers to the warm _____55_____ we give to handwritten personal notes, such as thank-you cards. Some educators seem to agree, at least to an extent.41. A. Abandons B. dominates C. enters D. absorbs42. A. compulsory B. opposite C. crucial D. relevant43. A. in want of B. in case of C. in favour of D. in addition to44. A. quantity B. minimum C. quality D. majority45. A. responsibility B. benefits C. resources D. structure46. A. granting B. getting C. bringing D. coming47. A. sleeping B. driving C. reviewing D. operating48. A. eventually B. constantly C. equivalently D. consciously49. A. adopt B. reach C. acquire D. activate50. A. slower B. later C. faster D. earlier51. A. handwriting B. adding C. forming D. understanding52. A. trust B. look C. view D. smile53. A. containing B. spreading C. choosing D. protecting54. A. commits B. counters C. completes D. composes55. A. associations B. resources C. procedures D. interactionsSection B(A)All I had to do for the two dollars was clean her house for a few hours after school. It was a beautiful house, too, with a plastic-covered sofa and chairs, wall-to-wall blue-and-white carpeting, a white enamel stove, a washing machine and a dryer —things that were common in her neighborhood, absent in mine. In the middle of the war, she had butter, sugar, steaks, and seam-up-the-back stockings.I knew how to scrub floors on my knees and how to wash clothes in our zinc tub, but I had never seen a Hoover vacuum cleaner or an iron that wasn't heated by fire.Part of my pride in working for her was earning money I could squander (浪费) : on movies, candy, paddleballs, jacks, ice-cream cones. But a larger part of my pride was based on the fact that I gave half my wages to my mother, which meant that some of my earnings were used for real things —an insurance-policy payment or what was owed to the milkman or the iceman. The pleasure of being necessary to my parents was profound. I was not like the children in folktales: burdensome mouths to feed, nuisances to be corrected, problems so severe that they were abandoned to the forest. I had a status that doing routine chores in my house did not provide —and it earned me a slow smile, an approving nod from an adult. Confirmations that I was adultlike, not childlike.In those days, the forties, children were not just loved or liked; they were needed. They could earn money; they could care for children younger than themselves; they could work the farm, take care of the herd, run errands(差事), and much more. I suspect that children aren't needed in that way now. They are loved, doted on, protected, and helped. Fine, and yet...Little by little, I got better at cleaning her house —good enough to be given more to do, much more. I was ordered to carry bookcases upstairs and, once, to move a piano from one side of a room to the other. I fell carrying the bookcases. And after pushing the piano my arms and legs hurt so badly. I wanted to refuse, or at least to complain, but I was afraid she would fire me, and I would lose the freedom the dollar gave me, as well as the standing I had at home — although both were slowly being eroded. She began to offer me her clothes, for a price. Impressed by these worn things, which looked simply gorgeous to a little girl who had only two dresses to wear to school, I bought a few. Until my mother asked me if I really wanted to work for castoffs. So I learned to say "No, thank you" to a faded sweater offered for a quarter of a week's pay.Still, I had trouble summoning (鼓起) the courage to discuss or object to the increasing demands she made. And I knew that if I told my mother how unhappy I was she would tell me to quit. Then one day, alone in the kitchen with my father, I let drop a few whines about the job. I gave him details, examples of what troubled me, yet although he listened intently, I saw nosympathy in his eyes. No "Oh, you poor little thing. " Perhaps he understood that what I wanted was a solution to the job, not an escape from it. In any case, he put down his cup of coffee and said, “Listen. You don't live there. You live here. With your people. Go to work. Get your money. And come on home."That was what he said. This was what I heard:Whatever the work is, do it well — not for the boss but for yourself.You make the job; it doesn't make you.Your real life is with us, your family.You are not the work you do; you are the person you are.I have worked for all sorts of people since then, geniuses and morons, quick-witted and dull, big-hearted and narrow. I've had many kinds of jobs, but since that conversation with my father I have never considered the level of labor to be the measure of myself, and I have never placed the security of a job above the value of home.56.What can we learn about the author is different from other children?A. She needs to be supported like others.B. She made a mistake and needed to be corrected.C. She often does daily chores at home.D. She's too childish for comparison.57.According to the article, which of the following is correct about children in the 1940s like theauthor?A.They just want to be popular, loved and liked.B. They only take great pains to earn more money.C. They can do all kinds of daily work, such as caring for children and so on.D. They are no longer needed except for being spoiled by adults.58.What did the author's father make her understand?A. Don't escape from difficulties at work.B. Whatever decision she made, her father would support her.C. Convey her dissatisfaction with her work.D. Make a distinction between work and life.59.Which of the following corresponds to the author's views on work?A. Don't regard work achievement as a criterion for evaluating oneself.B. Hard work is a struggle for a better future in your limited life.C. Work is to follow the footsteps of the boss.D. Work safety should be more important than family value.(B)Geographers are interested in the spatial patterns observed on earth. Bridging the natural and social science, Geography is the disciplinary study of environments and how people interact with the environment. It is important to study geography because many of the world's problems require understanding the interdependence between human activities and the environment. Geography is therefore a beneficial major for students because its theories and methods provide them with analytical skills relevant to occupations focused on solving social and environmental problems. The Department of Geography offers eight majors that help students tailor their focus of study.The Geography—Globalization and Development major will provide students with a sophisticated understanding of contemporary global issues and a geographical framework for analyzing key issues involved in national and international development, especially as it relates to the global south. Reflecting the discipline of geography as a whole, this major emphasizes an integrated approach to studying the relationship of global change to individual and community well-being by combining the benefits of area studies with theoretical and topical investigations in the curriculum.Our department is committed to excellence in both teaching and advising. Several of our faculty members have received teaching awards, and we are known across campus for the qualityof our advising. As a geography major, you will meet one-on-one with your faculty advisor every semester during advising week, and you are always welcome to talk with your advisor at any time throughout the semester whenever questions may arise. In addition to advising our students about their academic programs, we provide timely information about internships, nationally competitive awards, and other opportunities as they arise. Many of our students complete internships and several of our students over the last few years have received nationally competitive awards.For more information about our program, please visit our website, or contact our Undergraduate Chair, whose information is listed above.Admissions InformationFreshmen/First-Year AdmissionNo requirements beyond University admission requirements.Change of Program PolicyNo selective or limited admission requirements.External Transfer AdmissionNo requirements beyond University admission requirements.Opportunities Upon Graduation studentsWith a liberal arts degree in Geography—Globalization and Development, students are prepared for employment in a variety of fields, including non-profit and government work, particularly in the areas of community and international development. This degree will also prepare students well to work in the private sector in an international context. Graduates from this program will also be well situated to continue on to graduate school or law school, with research and professional interest in academic fields, including, but not limited to, geography, public affairs and policy, development studies, and community and regional planning.Browse through dozens of internship opportunities and full-time job postings for Ohio University students and alumni on Handshake, OHIO's key resource for researching jobs, employers, workshops, and professional development events.60.Who can be selected as the target of the geography course in the passage?A. A freshman who has studied in a university.B. A college student graduate majoring in geography.C. A senior high school graduate interested in geography.D. A high school graduate who wants to find a job.61. What are the advantages of choosing the geography major in this university in terms of employment?A. Acquiring skills to solve social and environmental problems.B. Understanding contemporary global issues.C. Getting one — on — one information on geography teaching.D. Achieving more international opportunities.62. Where is the most likely place to read this passage?A. In a magazine.B. On the university website.C. In a geographic journal.D. On the enrollment information network.(C)Composite image of Europe and North Africa at night, 2016. Credit: NASA Earth Observatory images by Joshua Stevens, using Suomi NPP VIIRS data from Miguel Roman, NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center. Artificial light is often seen as a sign of progress: the march of civilization shines a light in the dark; it takes back the night; it illuminates. But a chorus of scientists and advocates argues that unnaturally bright nights are bad not just for astronomers but also for nocturnal (夜间活动的) animals and even for human health.Now research shows the night is getting even brighter. From 2012 to 2016 the earth’s artificially lit area expanded by an estimated 2.2 percent a year (map), according to a study published last November in Science Advances. Even that increase may understate the problem, however. The measurement excludes light from most of the energy-efficient LED lamps that have been replacing sodium-vapor technology in cities all over the world, says lead study author Christopher Kyba, a postdoctoral researcher at the German Research Center for Geosciences in Potsdam.The new data came from a NASA satellite instrument called the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS). It can measure long --- wavelengths of light, such as those produced by traditional yellow-and-orange sodium-vapor street lamps. But VIIRS cannot see the short - wavelength blue light produced by white LEDs. This light has been shown to disrupt human sleep cycles and nocturnal animals’ behavior.Credit: Mapping Specialists; Source: “Artificially Lit Surface of Earth at Night Increasing in Radiance and Extent,” by Christopher C. M. Kyba et al., in Science Advances, Vol. 3 , No. 11, Article No. E1701528; November 22 , 2017.The team believes the ongoing switch to LEDs caused already bright countries such as Italy, the Netherlands, Spain and the U. S. to register as having stable levels of illumination in the VIERS data. In contrast, most nations in South America, Africa and Asia brightened, suggesting increases in the use of traditional lighting. Australia actually appeared to lose lit area—but the researchers say that is because wildfires skewed the data.“The fact that VIIRS f inds an increase (in many countries), despite its blindness in the part of the spectrum that increased more, is very sad,” says FabioFalchi, a researcher at Italy’s Light Pollution Science and Technology Institute, who did not participate in the study. In 2016 Falchi, along with Kyba and several other members of his research team, published a global atlas of artificial lighting that showed one third of the world’s population currently lives under skies too bright to see the Milky Way at night.The data also cast doubt on the idea that the LED lighting revolution will lead to energy cost savings. Between 2012 and 2016 the median nation pumped out 15 percent more long-wavelength light as its GDP increased by 13 percent. And overall, countries’ total light prod uction correlated with their GDP. In other words, Kyba says, “we buy as much light as we are willing to spend money on.”63.Which is not true about the spread of lit areas?A. Lit area expanded by an estimated 2. 2 percent a year.B. Artificial light is often seen as a sign of progress.C. The increase in GDP is due to the increase in light.D. It is bad for nocturnal animals and even for human health.64.What is the function of VIIRS?A. It can taking pictures of the Earth to solve problems.B. It can record and analyse long wavelengths of light.C. It is a NASA satellite around the earth.D. It can find the light that is bad for human sleep cycles.65.According to the article, what we can know about the LEDs?A. Unnaturally LED lights are bad for people.B. It is a sign of civilization in modern society.C. VIIRS can see the light produced by white LEDs.D. Artificially lit surface of Earth increasing because of LEDs.66. The author writes this article to __________.A. show the night is getting even brighterB. tell people that VIIRS measure long wavelengths of lightC. complain that the Milky Way is not visible at nightD. attempt to arouse people’s awareness of light pollutionSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.“Our research has shown that the No. 1 reason people become fans is that it’s yourconnection to your first community,” said Adam Earnhardt, chairman of the communicationsdepartment at Youngstown State University and co-author of “Sports Fans, Identity andSocialization: Exploring the Fandemonium.”“I don’t care if a Seattle fan moves to China, he orshe carries with them their love for the sports teams,” he said. “___ (67) ___”___ (68) ___And when a team begins t o catch fire, as with, say, the Mariners in ’ 95 or theSeahawks of recent vintage, well, it’s easy to get swept up in the wave.“It’s phenomenal,” said Simons. “We have this ability to understand other people soremarkably that their victories literally become ours. Our testosterone (睾酮) literally responds totheir victory. ___ (69) ___ They’re us, and competing on a literal level as us—a little extension ofus. ”Professor Robert Cialdini at Arizona State University came up with the term BIRG—BaskingIn Reflected Glory—to describe the intense pride fans feel when their teams succeed. It can be used as averb, as in, “Seahawks’ fans are currently BIRGing up a storm.” The counterpoint, as coined by researches C. R. Snyder, Mar Anne Lassergard and Carol E. Ford, is the concept of CORFing—Cutting Off Reflected Failure. ___ (70) ___We’ve all heard it in action: We won, but they lost.This leads into another concept, that of cognitive bias, also known as confirmation bias, which causes fans to help explain away defeats by blaming outside factors, such as referees. I’m sure it would also help explain why Seahawks fans rallied around Richard Sherman after his postgame interview, rationalizing behavior that was widely criticized by many fans with no vested interest. I could also explain the notion of “eustress”, invented by endocrinologist Hans Selye to refer to a combination of euphoria (极度愉快的心情) and stress, such as that resulting from watching tense sporting events. Indeed, it’s much of the appeal.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.It's undeniable: Being among the first to try out a new piece of technology is cool. There's the excitement of doing what has never been done before—the feeling that you're living in the future. And when you're the sole member of your social circle with the latest hot gadget, people stare in fascination. They ask you questions. They see you as the holder of powerful, secret knowledge—for a little while, until the next big thing comes along. People tend to underestimate the costs of this temporary coolness, which they pay in more ways than one. Don't fall into the early adopter trap. Don't join the first wave of consumers who invest in the latest media-hyped hardware; instead, wait and see.To put it frankly, early adoption is a bad investment. First, the earliest versions of devices are not only expensive, they are also the most expensive that those devices will ever be. Companies are presumably attempting to recover the cost of production as fast as they can, and they know that there are serious tech-lovers who will pay a great deal to be first. Once the revenues from early adopters' purchases are safely in their hands, they can cut the price and shift to the next marketing phase: selling the product to everyone else. This is why the cost of the original iPhone dropped。
复旦大学级本科新生大学英语分级考试大纲及样题
复旦大学级本科新生大学英语分级考试大纲及样题一、基本要求为了帮助学生在大学阶段更好地学习英语，所有进入复旦大学的新生都须参加大学英语分级考试。
考试时请带好铅笔、橡皮、直尺及带有调频调幅的收音机和耳机准时参加考试并记住自己的学号。
参加本次考试的学生须具备以下英语能力：学生应具有领会式词汇。
阅读速度达到,准确率为。
能听懂语速每分钟的一般性会话和短文。
语法与中学英语教案大纲所规定的要求相同。
我们将根据分级考试的成绩，安排学生分别进入大学英语、大学英语、大学英语和高级英语课程学习。
大学英语学习目标：经过一个学期的学习，掌握新词，使累计领会式词汇达到，其中复用式词汇单词。
具体标准：读：阅读速度达到，准确率为。
完成总阅读量万。
听：能听懂语速每分钟的一般性会话、报道和讲座。
说：能就一主题或图片或所学课文内容进行连续分钟左右的陈述。
写：能在分钟就各种题材写出词的短文，内容完整，语法正确，条理清晰，句子连贯。
译：翻译一定难度的英语文章段落，速度每小时词，翻译题材熟悉的汉语文章段落，速度为每小时词。
大学英语学习目标：新增词汇，累计领会式词汇达到，其中复用式单词。
具体标准为：读：阅读速度达到，准确率为。
完成总阅读量万。
听：能听懂语速每分钟的一般性会话、报道和讲座。
说：能就一主题或图片进行连续分钟左右的陈述。
写：能在分钟就各种题材写出词的短文，内容完整，语法正确，条理清晰，句子连贯。
译：翻译一定难度的英语文章段落，速度每小时词；翻译题材熟悉的汉语文章段落，速度为每小时词。
大学英语学习目标：新增词汇，累计领会式词汇达到，其中复用式单词。
具体标准为读：阅读速度达到，准确率为。
完成总阅读量万。
听：能听懂语速每分钟的一般性会话、报道和讲座。
说：能就一主题或图片进行连续分钟左右的较流利的陈述，对热门话题能进行一般性辩论。
写：能在分钟就各种题材写出词的短文，内容完整，语法正确，条理清晰，句子连贯。
译：翻译一定难度的英语文章段落，速度每小时词，翻译题材熟悉的汉语文章段落，速度为每小时词。
2020年复旦大学外国留学生本科生入学考试大纲
2020年复旦大学外国留学生本科生入学考试大纲物理物理考试旨在考查考生对高中物理基础知识和基本技能的掌握程度，了解考生在物理学科方面的基本科学素养。
具体体现在：（1）考生对高中物理的基础知识和基本技能掌握的情况；（2）考生运用基础知识和基本技能、并结合物理学科的基本原理和方法，进而解决实际物理问题的能力；（3）考生对高中物理基础实验的观察与操作技能，以及在此基础上进行分析、推理并得出结论等探究能力。
一、考试要求本考试的内容包括力学、热学、电磁学、光学、原子物理学等，其中力学和电磁学是重要部分。
要求正确理解物理概念、规律和公式的含义及适用条件，注意表达式中各符号的物理意义。
本考试注重基础，在考察物理知识的同时，兼顾考查考生的分析和解决问题的能力。
对知识点的学习要求，由低到高分为三个层次：即A、B、C。
较高层次的要求包含了较低层次的要求，三个层次的主要含义分别是：(A)列为 A 层次的知识，应能说出它的要点、大意，并能在有关物理现象中识别或直接应用它们。
(B)列为 B 层次的知识，应明白它的含义及其与其它知识的联系或区别，并能用它对有关的实际问题进行分析、推理、判断和进行简单的计算等。
(C)列为 C 层次的知识，是指中学物理中较广泛应用的重要概念和规律。
要求能用这些知识及有关知识和方法分析比较复杂的或综合性的物理问题，能进行推理和计算，并得出正确的结论。
二、考试细则1．物理学各部分考试内容在试卷中所占分值的比例：物理学各部分考试内容在试卷中所占分值的比例，与它们在教学中所占课时数的比例大致相当。
力学部分约占40%，电磁学约占35%，热学约占12%、光学约占8%、原子物理部分约占5%，实验部分分值占整卷的15%左右。
2．试题难易度比例：考试试卷中，试题的难度分布基本上先易后难，且有一定难度的试题分布在各题型之中。
在试题中基础部分约占70%，有一定深度的部分约占30%。
3．试卷的题型比例：考试试卷的题型有：选择题（约占35%）、填空题（约占30%）、计算题（约占35%）。
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IV. Writing (30%) 题型为短文写作，形式包括命题作文、情景作文、看图作文等。考生根据所给题目和写 作要求写一篇不少于 120 字的英语短文。语篇要求内容切题，语言表达意思清楚、语句 连贯，符合习惯用法，基本没有严重语法错误。
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英语样卷
（考试时间 150 分钟，满分 150 分）
I. Grammar and Vocabulary (40%) Section A (30%) Directions: Choose the best answer from the four choices given.
二．考试内容和要求
（一）词汇 参照上海教育考试院的《高考英语词汇手册》 （二）语法 1． 词法
a. 名词 名词的复数构成 规则变化 eg. pupil-----pupils, box-----boxes, bus-----buses, dish-----dishes watch-----watches, factory-----factories, wolf-----wolves piano-----pianos, tomato-----tomatoes etc. 不规则变化 eg. man-----men, child-----children, fish-----fish, foot-----feet, ox-----oxen etc. 专有名词 eg. Alan, the United Nations, the Philippines etc. 不可数名词 eg. paper, ink, cotton, cloth etc. 名词数量表达法 eg. a piece of chalk/paper/furniture a glass of water/beer a cup of coffee/tea two pounds of sugar etc. 名词所有格 eg. the teachers’ office , Jane’s brother, a friend of mine
1. Electricity flows through a wire _______ water flows through a pipe.
A. while
B. just as
C. much as
D. whenever
2. The faster the circulation of the blood is, _______ can be removed from the body.
1
both/neither/either one/ones little/a little/few/a few many/much/a lot etc.
反身代词
关系代词 连接代词 it 的用法
myself/yourself/himself/herself/itself ourselves/yourselves/themselves who/that/which/whom/whose/as etc. that/what etc. 作代词“它” 表示时间、天气、距离 作形式主语 作形式宾语 用于强调句
2019 年复旦大学外国留学生本科生入学考试大纲
英语
一． 考试目标
英语考试旨在测试考生的英语基础知识、语言的运用能力。其中，侧重语言运用能力的 考核。
英语基础知识包括词汇、句型、语法和习惯用法等语法知识。 语言运用能力指考生能在语篇中正确运用词汇、语句获取并理解信息的能力；表达思想、 传递信息的能力。
eg. The sleeping baby is in its mum’s arm. （作定语）
America is a developed country.
（作定语）
The story sounds interesting.
(作表语)
The boy felt excited when hearing the news. (作表语)
7. I can imagine you are satisfied with your students, _____?
A. are you
B. can’t I
C. aren’t you
D. don’t I
8._____ in the open air, the long table was soon covered with dust.
III. Reading Comprehension (40%) 本题共有 4 篇短文，题材多样，包括日常生活、文化、科普知识、人物传记等；体裁有 记叙文、说明文等。要求考生既能看懂短文的字面意思、理解文章中的重要事实信息、 归纳文章或段落的主旨大意、利用上下文猜测词义，又能推论出短文的隐含意思，如作 者的观点、立场、态度等。 A 部分 3 篇，题型为选择题，共有 15 小题（30%）。 B 部分 1 篇，题型为简答题（完成句子或回答问题），共 5 题（10%）。
drowning boy. (作状语) Seen from a distance, the mountain looks like a tortoise. (作状语)
动名词（作主语、宾语、表语、定语；否定式、完成式、被动式） eg. Seeing（作主语）is believing（作表语）.
It is no good jogging right after the meal. （作主语） I don’t like riding the bike on a rainy day. (作宾语) No one is allowed to speak loud in the reading room. (作定语)
A. unless B. so that C. if only
D. in case
5. ---Why did he write to the mayor’s office?
---_____ about the poor taxi service of the city.
A. He complained
f. 介词 常用介词和介词短语
g. 连词 并列连词和从属连词 并列连词: and, both…and, not only…but also, as well as, either…or, neither…nor…, but, yet, however, otherwise, nevertheless etc. 从属连词: that, whether, if, when, since, unless, after, before, until, once, as soon as, whoever, where, wherever, why, as if etc.
c. 冠词 (a/an/the 基本用法)
d. 数词 基数词和序数词的构成及用法 分数的表达,倍数的表达及用法 时间、年代、年龄表示法
e. 形容词和副词 形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成 几种比较结构：
as…as/not as…as/not so…as 比较级+than the+最高级…in/of…
I heard someone singing the song in the next room. (作宾语补足语)
I saw the cat beaten by its owner. (作宾语补足语)
Hearing the cry for help, he jumped into the water to save the
A. green silk Austrian expensive
B. expensive green Austrian silk
C. silk Austrian expensive green
D. Austrian expensive silk green
4. He stretched his arms and legs ______ he should fall asleep.
h. 动词
动词的种类：实义动词（及物动词和不及物动词）、系动词、助动词、情态动词
时态：
一般现在时、一般将来时、一般过去时、将来进行式、将来完成式、
现在完成时、现在完成进行时、现
2
语态：
主动语态 被动语态
动词的非谓语：分词
（作定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语； 否定式、完成式、被动式）
B. To complain
C. Complaining
D. For complaining
6. With nothing left _______, the fire became weak and finally died out.
A. to burn
B. burning
C. burnt
D. burn
b. 代词 人称代词（主格和宾格）：I /you/he/she/it/we/they/me/him/her/them etc. 物主代词：形容词性的物主代词 my/your/his/her/its/our/ 名词性的物主代词 mine/yours/his/hers/its/ours/theirs etc. 指示代词 this/that/these/those etc. 疑问代词 what/which/who/whose etc. 不定代词 some/any/other/another/each/all everyone/everybody/everything nobody, nothing, none
A. the more poisonous substances
B. more poisonous substances
C. the more poisonous the substances
D. the more the substances poisonous
3. On his birthday, his wife gave him a(n) ______ tie as a gift.