化学发展史(英文)

化学发展史

Ever since human beings, the chemical will be formed a deep bond with humans. Fire by rubbing sticks, cook food with fire, firing pottery, smelting bronze and iron, are chemical technology. It is these applications, greatly promoted the development of social productive forces at that time become a symbol of human progress. Today, the chemical as a basis for discipline, in the science and technology and all aspects of social life, are playing an increasing role. From ancient times, along with the progress of human society, chemical, historical development experience of what times? Period of ancient chemical processes. At this time the human pottery, metallurgy, brewing, dyeing and other processes, mainly in the practical experience under the direct inspiration came after the number of years to explore, chemical knowledge has not been formed. This is a chemistry infancy. Period of alchemy and pharmaceutical chemistry. From 1500 BC to AD 1650, alchemy warlock and alchemist who, in the Palace, in the churches, in their own home, in the deep forests of the smoky, in order to obtain immortality of the panacea, in order to obtain glory wealth of gold, started the first chemistry experiment. Records, summing up alchemy books, in China, Arabia, Egypt, Greece has a lot. Have accumulated a lot of material during this period between the chemical change, chemical preparations for the further development of a rich material. This is the chemical in the history of the strains of our

breathtaking scene. Later, alchemy, alchemy, rise and fall several times so that people can see it more absurd side. Chemical shift in medicine and metallurgy have been given the proper play. In Europe during the Renaissance, the publication of several books on chemistry, for the first time with the "chemical" term. English, chemistry originated in alchemy, the alchemy. chemist still has a two related meanings: chemists and pharmacists. These can be said that chemistry grew out of alchemy and the cultural heritage of the pharmaceutical industry. Phlogiston chemistry period. From 1650 to 1775, with the metallurgical industry and laboratory experience, the people have come up perceptual knowledge that the combustible material to burn because it contains phlogiston, the combustion process is combustible in the process of release of phlogiston, phlogiston released combustible later reduced to ashes. Quantitative chemical period, while the period of Modern Chemistry. Before and after 1775, Lavoisier quantitative chemical experiment described the oxidation theory of combustion, creating a period of quantitative chemistry. During this period the establishment of a number of basic laws of chemistry, made of atomic theory, periodic law of elements found in the development of the organic structure theory. All of this for the development of modern chemistry laid a solid foundation. Science and mutual penetration period, while the period of modern chemistry. The early twentieth century, the development of quantum theory to chemistry

and physics have a common language to address many of the chemical on the outstanding issues; on the other hand, chemical Youxiang infiltration of such disciplines as biology and geology, so that proteins, enzymes structure has been gradually solved.

人类自从，化学将形成与人类结下了不解之缘。钻木取火，用火烹饪食物，烧成的陶器，冶炼青铜和铸铁，化学技术。正是这些应用，极大地推动了社会生产力的发展，成为人类进步的标志。今天，化学作为一门基础学科，在科学技术和社会生活的各个方面，发挥着越来越重要的作用。从远古时代，随着人类社会的进步，化学，什么时期历史发展的经验？古代时期的化学过程。在人类的陶器，冶金，酿造的这段时间，染色等工序，主要是在实践经验的直接启示下了数年后的化学知识的探索，尚未形成。这是一个化学的萌芽。炼金术和化学药品的时期。从公元前1500年到公元1650，炼金术士和炼金术士，在宫里，在教堂，在自己的家乡，在烟雾弥漫的深林，为了获得不朽的灵丹妙药，为了获得荣耀的黄金财富，开始了第一次化学实验。记录，总结炼金术的书籍，在中国，阿拉伯，埃及，希腊有很多。产生化学变化之间的这一时期的许多物质的积累，为丰富的材料进一步发展的化学制剂。这是我的惊险场面菌株的历史化学。后来，炼金术，炼金术，上升和下降了好几次这样的人可以看到它更荒诞的一面。在医药和冶金化学位移已给予适当的活动。在欧洲文艺复兴时期，对化学的几本书出版，以“第一时间；化学术语"。英语，化学起源于炼金术，炼金术。化学家仍有一二个相关的含义：化学家和药剂师。可以说，化学是炼金术和制药行业的文化遗产。燃素化学时期。从1650到1775，随着冶金工业和实验室的经验，人们有感性认识，因为它含有可燃材料燃烧的燃料，燃烧过程中的释放燃素的过程是可燃的，燃素释放可燃后化为灰烬。定量化学时期，而现代化学的时期。1775前后，拉瓦锡定量化学实验阐述了燃烧的氧化理论，建立定量化学时期。这一时期的一些基本的化学法的建立过程中，由原子理论，发现在有机结构理论发展的元素周期律。所有这一切都为近代化学的发展奠定了坚实的基础。科学相互渗透的时期，而现代化学的时期。第二十世纪早期，量子理论在化学和物理学的发展有一个共同的语言来解决许多突出问题上化学；另一方面，又是化学生物学和地质学等学科渗透，使蛋白质，酶的结构已逐步解决。

双语对照