完成时

过去完成时1）概念：表示过去的过去----|-------|-----|---->其构成是had +过去分词构成。

那时以前那时现在2）用法a.在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。

She said (that) she had never been to Paris.b. 状语从句在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。

When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示原本…，未能…We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.3)过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。

He said that he had learned some English before.By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.典型例题The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left答案D. 把书忘在办公室发生在去取书这一过去的动作之前，因此忘了书这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。

句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在同学们正忙于……这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。

因此前一句应用过去进行时。

注意：had no … when还没等…… 就……had no sooner… than刚…… 就……He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.1. 单项选择1．He asked me _____ during the summer holidays.A. where I had beenB. where I had goneC. where had I beenD. where had I gone2. What ____ Jane ____ by the time he was sever?A. did, doB. has, done C did,did. D. had, done3. I ______ 900 English words by the time I was ten。

A. learnedB. was learningC. had learnedD. learnt4. She ______lived here for ______ years.A. had, a fewB. has, severalC. had, a lot ofD. has, a great deal of5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _____ the dinner already.A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked6. She said she __________ the principle alreadyA .has seen B. saw C. willsee D. had seen7. She said her family _______ themselves ______ the army during the war.A. has hidden, fromB. had hidden, fromC. has hidden, withD. had hidden, with8. By the time he was ten years old, he _________.A. has completed universityB. has completed the universityB. had completed an university D. had completed university9. She had written a number of books ______ the end of last year.A. forB. inC.by D. at10. He _____ to play ____ before he was 11 years old.A had learned, piano B. had learned, the pianoC. has learned, the pianoD. learns ,piano.11. What _______ Annie ____ by the time he was ten?A. did, doB. did, didC. has, doneD. had done12 .He ___ in the factory for three years before he joined the Army.A. has workedB. worksC. had workedD. will work13. By the end of last week, they ____ the bridge.A. has completedB. completedC. will completeD. had completed14. Ben hates playing _____ violin, but he likes playing ____ football.A. a…theB. the… theC. / …theD. the…/15. By the time he was 4, he ______ a lot of German words.A. had learnedB. has learnedC. learnedD. learns16 .Jim turned off the lights and then _____ the classroom.A. was leftB. had leftC. has leftD. left17.They _________ in Guangzhou since 2000.A. livedB. had livedC. have livedD. were living18. The train from Beijing_______ ten minutes ago.A. has arrivedB. was arrivingC. arrivedD. had arrived19. The students _________ their classroom when the visitors arrived.A . have cleaned B. had cleaned C. was cleaned D. have been cleaned20. Fergie_______ the project in one hour.A. have finishedB. will finishC. finishesD. has finished21. The man ________ his coat and went out.A. put onB. had put onC. will put onD. was putting on22 My mother______ in that factory at the age of 18.A. had workedB. has workedC. workedD. works23. Dad ________ while he _______ TV.A .fell asleep…watch B. was falling asleep…watchedC. fell asleep……was watchingD. had fallen asleep…watched2.用动词的适当形式填空1. We _____________ (paint) the house before we ______________ (move) in.2. That rich old man _____________ (make) a will before he _____________ (die).3. They _____________ (study) the map of the country before they ________ (leave).4. The robbers _____________ (run away ) before the policemen _______ (arrive).5. I __________ (turn off) all the lights before I ____________ (go) to bed.6. Paul __________ (go) out with Jane after he __________ (make) a phone call.7. Tom __________ (say) he ___________ (read) the book twice.8. Our plan ____________ (fail ) because we _____________ (make) a bad mistake.9. When the chairman ______________ (finish) speaking, he _____________ (leave)the hall.10.The Reads __ ______ (have) lunch when I ________________(get) to their house.11.When I ______________(arrive) at the station, he ____________________(leave).12..We _______________(learn) about 4000 English words by the end of last term.13. I waited until he _______________(finish) his homework.14. We were surprised at what she ________already ______(do)15.She ____________(not go) to Qingdao because she ________________ (go) there before.16. He ______________(not tell) you the news yet.17. He said he _____________already_________(give) the book to the teacher.18. I ______________(be) to Shanghai before.19. She told me she _________________(be) to Sanya three times.20.She _____________(play) the guitar while her sister_______________(sing).（2）现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在。