An Interview with a Good Language Learner
新高考模拟：2021年1月八省联考英语模拟七选五原文
原文： Apps are all the rage nowadays, and for good reason. They can help you out in just about every area of your life, whether it’s keeping fit, organizing your schedule, communicating with friends, or even learning a language. Just like any tool though, you need to know how to use it properly to really benefit. Here’s a user guide for optimal app use, provided courtesy of an app-addicted superuser. Educational apps are becoming increasingly popular as a supplement, and sometimes as an alternative, to traditional education. Why? Well, for starters, it’s supremely convenient to learn on a pocket-sized device that you already carry around with you at all times. The best apps are also highly intuitive, interactive and adaptive, coaxing you in and getting you hooked on learning. But apps, just like textbooks and language lessons, are a medium through which a language can be studied. The way you use them will affect how successful you are. If you flick nonchalantly through a textbook and don’t dare say a word in your language lessons, you’ll make slow progress. The avid reader who repeats each exercise in the textbook and engages the teacher in conversation will power ahead. So how do you ensure you get the most out of your app, and what should you consider before clicking install? Before downloading an educational app, here’s what you should think about: 1. Learn from diverse sources (not just apps) Beware the app which sells itself as the Holy Grail of language learning, the one-stop-shop, the answer to all your troubles. This is the commendable and very genuine aim of the educators and developers behind the best apps (and the globular marketing drool of the worst), but it’s also out of kilter with those same educators’ ideals. Confused? The people behind the apps are driven to build the best product available, but, and bear with me on this one, they’re also passionate language learners themselves. Any seasoned language learner will tell you that the beauty of striving and reaching proficiency in a language is the world which it opens up to you. This is a world of diverse sources of information, from newspapers and books to TV, radio, music and, yes, even real people. Would you limit yourself to one medium in your native language? Probably not, so why refrain from doing so in your new language? I encourage you to use apps extensively, but not exclusively. Want to learn a language with an app? Try Babbel here 2. Establish your purpose and plan your habits Do you want to be fluent in weeks or are you in it for the brain training? The good apps are structured to help you fit your studies around your timetable. The best apps adapt themselves based upon your behavior. These apps encourage habit building, because the successful formation of a habit ensures your safe and regular return. When would you like to return? Personally, I’m a reformed early-morning-email-checker. Instead of cycling through emails I won’t answer until I’m in the office anyway, I skip nimbly through a course or two and then talk to myself in the shower. Weird, but effective. 3. Remember that an app is just a tool A good app spurs you on with implicit or explicit gamification. What does that mean? App developers have taken the addictive elements of video games and applied them to educational apps. Sneaky? Maybe, but it’s all for a good cause: to keep you learning! Rarely will you have heard someone bent over a textbook remark, “I’m completely addicted to learning Spanish!” Among all the rewards and extrinsic motivation, don’t forget your purpose and own, intrinsic motivation: It wasn’t to complete level five and win some virtual gooseberries of virtue, it was to shoot the breeze with the locals, perched on a bar stall in Spain in front of a caña and an unhealthy portion of pimientos de padron. 4. Give your feedback We love feedback! This isn’t a hollow call to arms trying to decrease the social distance between faceless developer and learner. Feedback is truly, madly, deeply golden. Why? For two main reasons: Firstly, all that mumbo-jumbo about revolutions and changing the world does rub off a bit. This means there’s a wave of motivation propelling the app towards excellence, and app developers will be receptive to your input. Secondly, everything you touch within the app can be adjusted and improved quickly and to the benefit of everyone. It’s almost Darwinian. If you’re not 100% delighted with everything, there’ll be frowns on those faceless developers’… um, faces. So say what you think, or even better, pop those thoughts in an email. Everything can and will be better. 5. Make it social No, I don’t mean posting your progress on Facebook. I mean social for real. I attribute the speed of progress I made in Italian to the competition/support engendered by Jim, my partner in study time. Find a friend to accompany you. Supplement your studies with an evening class. Borrow a book. Buy a book. Book a week away and attend a language school. Just don’t forget your phone! If I may speak sincerely, the combination of app, language school, Jim, evenings out, and a choice book or two proved extremely potent. It’s hard for an Englishman to be so revoltingly saccharine, but I genuinely surprised myself with what was possible that week. I walked away with
采访人学习英语的策略英语作文
采访人学习英语的策略英语作文English:One effective strategy for learning English is to immerse oneself in the language as much as possible. This can be achieved by watching English movies and TV shows, listening to English music and podcasts, reading English books and articles, and conversing with native English speakers. Additionally, practicing speaking and writing in English regularly can help improve fluency and confidence. Another useful strategy is to set specific goals for language learning, such as passing a proficiency exam or giving a presentation in English, as this can provide motivation and direction. It's also important to incorporate a variety of learning methods, such as using flashcards for vocabulary, participating in language exchange programs, and attending English language classes or workshops. Consistency and dedication are key when it comes to effectively learning English, so it's important to stay committed and keep practicing regularly.Translated content:学习英语的一个有效策略是尽可能地沉浸于这门语言中。
善学者特征
善学者特征在这一部份里，我们组加入了一些自己的思考，如果大家有异议，欢迎讨论或指正。
Rubin(1975)首先，我们看到的是Rubin 1975年对善学者特征所作的总结：• 1. is a willing and accurate guesser.主动、精确的猜测者2. has a strong drive to communicate, or learn from communication.具有强烈的交际欲望3. is often not inhibited.不受拘束4. is prepared to attend to form.注意语言形式• 5. practices.操练，寻求交谈机会• 6. monitors his own speech and the speech of others.监控自身及他人的言语•7. attends to meaning.注重意义一会儿我们还会看到Rubin与Thompson一起在1983年做的对善学者特征做的归纳总结，呆会我们在对这前后两次总结做一个简单的比较。
Naiman下面我们再来看看Naiman做的对善学者特征的总结：• 1. An Active Task Approach.•Good language learners actively involve themselves in the language learning task.• 2. Realization of Language as a System.•Good language learners develop or exploit an awareness of language as a system.• 3. Realization of Language as a Means of Communication.•Good language learners develop or exploit an awareness of language as a means of communication (i.e. conveying and receiving messages) and interaction (i.e. behaving in a culturally appropriate manner).• 4. Management of Affective Demands••Good language learners realize initially or with time that they must cope with affective demands made upon them by language learning and succeed in doing so.• 5. Monitoring of L2 Performance.•Good language learners constantly revise their L2 systems. They monitor the language they are acquiring by testing their inferences (guesses): by looking for needed adjustments as they learn new material or by asking native informants when they think corrections are needed.•••通过查看参考文献，本小组认为：早期的对善学者特征的归纳总结主要是针对教师，目的是为了方便教师提升自己的教学。
汉办英语面试题及答案
汉办英语面试题及答案1. 问题：What is your understanding of the Chinese language and culture?答案：As an English speaker, I understand that the Chinese language is one of the oldest and richest languages in the world, with a deep cultural heritage. It is not only the language of Confucius and Sun Tzu but also a key to understanding Chinese philosophy, art, and history.2. 问题：How do you plan to teach Chinese language to non-native speakers?答案：I plan to use a communicative approach, integrating language learning with cultural understanding. This includes using multimedia resources, role-playing, and interactive activities to make the learning process engaging and effective.3. 问题：What challenges do you anticipate in teaching Chinese as a foreign language?答案：The main challenges include the complexity of the Chinese writing system, the tonal nature of the language, and cultural differences that might affect comprehension and learning styles.4. 问题：How would you adapt your teaching methods to different levels of learners?答案：I would assess the proficiency level of each learner and tailor my teaching methods accordingly. For beginners, Iwould focus on basic vocabulary and sentence structures, while for advanced learners, I would incorporate more complex grammar and idiomatic expressions.5. 问题：Can you give an example of a lesson plan for teaching Chinese characters?答案：A lesson plan for teaching Chinese characters would start with introducing the basic strokes and radicals. Then, I would demonstrate how to write simple characters step by step, followed by practice exercises and quizzes to reinforce learning.6. 问题：How do you incorporate technology in your language teaching?答案：I would use online platforms and apps forinteractive learning, multimedia presentations to enhance visual understanding, and online forums for peer-to-peer interaction and discussion.7. 问题：What is your strategy for maintaining student motivation in language learning?答案：I believe in setting achievable goals, providing positive reinforcement, and creating a supportive learning environment. Additionally, I would incorporate real-life scenarios and cultural experiences to make the learning relevant and exciting.8. 问题：How do you handle cultural misunderstandings in the classroom?答案：I would address cultural misunderstandings by promoting open dialogue, encouraging students to share theirperspectives, and providing clarification when necessary.It's also important to foster an environment of respect and curiosity about different cultures.9. 问题：What role do you think cultural exchange plays in language learning?答案：Cultural exchange is crucial in language learning as it provides context and depth to the language. It helps learners to understand the nuances of the language and to appreciate the cultural significance behind words and phrases.10. 问题：Can you describe a situation where you had to overcome a language barrier and how you did it?答案：In a previous teaching experience, I encountered a language barrier with a student who had limited English proficiency. I overcame this by using visual aids, simple language, and patience. I also encouraged the student to use their native language to express concepts, which I would then translate and explain in English.。
人教版新目标英语九年级Unit 1 单元话题写作教学案
九年级Unit 1 How can we become good learners?写作教学案（教师使用）【话题】学会学习（Learning how to learn）【写作目标】要求学生介绍自己学习英语的具体方法、学习英语的体会、遇到的困难和给他人提出建议等。
【课前任务】一、写出下列短语。
1、参加2、注意，关注3、制作单词卡4、向老师寻求帮助5、听磁带参考答案：1、take part in 2、pay attention to 3、make word cards 4、ask the teacher for help 5、listen to tapes二、根据汉语意思完成下列句子。
（课前任务）1、做笔记也是一种注意听老师讲课的好方法。
Taking notes also to pay attention to our teacher.2、为了学好英语，我们应该参加各种各样的活动。
learn English well, we are supposed to take part in all kinds of activities.3、我们在课堂上不应该害怕犯错误。
We shouldn’t be afraid of in class.4、为什么不听录音跟读呢？Why not the tapes?参考答案：1、is, a good way 2、In order to 3、making mistakes 4、read after三、写出与本话题有关的词汇和句型。
（课前任务）常用词汇：memorize , pronunciation , practice speaking , by /surfing the internet , have a problem , look up , learn by heart… ,improve , word by word , spoken English , as much as possible经典句型：It is very important for us to be confident .I discovered that listening to something interesting is the secret to language learning.How do you study for a test?Wha t about …?…find it …to do … .It is adj. to do sth.Why not …?I hope … .【课中任务】读写结合一、A. 信息归纳阅读下面短文，然后按照项目要求填写所缺信息。
新课标人教版九年级全册英语3a课文和翻译(1)
My biggest problem is that I’m too busy.When I was young, I used to have so much time, but these days I get up early and stay in school all day. Then I go right home and eat dinner. Before I started high school, I used to spend a lot of time playing games with my friends, but I just don’t have the time anymore. In the evening, I used to watch TV or chat with my grandmother, but now I have to study. I love music, and my father used to take me to concerts. These days, I hardly ever have time for concerts. I do my homework and go to bed. I really miss the old days.
我最大的问题 我最大的问题是我太忙了。当我小时候时，我 曾经有很多时间，但这些天，我起得早，并在学校 里呆一整天。然后我径直回家吃晚饭。在我上高中 之前，我经常花很多时间和我的朋友玩游戏，但我 现在再也没有那时间了。在晚上，我经常看电视或 和我的祖母聊天，但现在我必须学习。我喜欢音乐， 我的父亲经常带我去音乐会。这些天，我几乎没有 时间去音乐会了。我做我的功课和上床睡觉。我真 的很怀念过去的日子
If you answer A for most question , then you are outgoing and fair confident. You have plenty of friends, and you enjoy the company of other people. People come to you when they want advice. Your friends would probably say that you are easy to get along with. If you answer B for most question , then you are probably a shy person. You like talking to one or two people rather than to a group. You would also rather stay at home and read a good book than go to a paety. You have a small circle of very good friends. Your friends would probably say you are a good listener. If you answer C for most question , then you are probably pretty confident. Social situations don’t bother you in the slightest. You know what you want, and you know how to get it. Sometimes you might annoy people because you’re so confident.
四川省北京第二外国语学院成都附属中学2023-2024学年九年级上学期期中英语试卷(含答案)
四川省北京第二外国语学院成都附属中学2023-2024学年九年级上学期期中英语试卷一、听句子，根据所听到的内容选择正确答语。
1．A.He learns English well.B.He studies English every day.C.By having conversations with friends.2．A.No problem.B.I think so.C.You're welcome.3．A.It's the closest.B.It's convenient.C.It's near the bank.4．A.He is the same as you.B.Yes，he has really changed.C.Yes.he studied hard before.5．A.In Shanghai.st summer.C.It's made of wood.二、听句子，选择与所听句子内容相符的图片。
6．（1）（2）（3）（4）（5）三、听对话，根据对话内容及问题选择正确答案。
7．A.Listen to tapes.B.Watch English movies.C.Join an English club. 8．A.On April 15th.B.On April 17th.C.On April 18th. 9．A.At 3：15 a.m.B.At 3：15 p.m.C.At 3：45 p.m. 10．A.Skating.B.Running.C.Swimming.11．A.In Japan.B.In China.C.In Thailand. 12．A.One hour.B.One hour and a half.C.Two hours and a half. 13．A.By car.B.By bike.C.On foot.14．A.Traffic rules.B.School rules.C.Library rules.15．A.In a bookstore.B.In a library.C.At a bus station.16．A.Watching TV.B.Turning on the TV.C.Doing his homework.四、听短文，根据短文内容选择正确答案。
学习笔记《葛传槼：向英语学习者讲话》
关键词:Reading aloud; reading widely;reading carefully; imitating consciously;commit them to your memory. Above all, weshould learn to be modest.葛先生的建议:要读英文,就读当代英文,而且要出声读,大声朗读可以避免尴尬,而且避免没有英语学习环境的困境。
先生认为,凡我们想要表达的话,别人都已经说过,所以我们在写作时,首先要避免自己根据所谓的语法写,而要根据惯用法写。
要写好,写对只有读得多,读得仔细,认真模仿才行。
其次先生建议可以编写属于自己的字典。
一类是词的用法的字典,便于充分认识单词,把原本是别的字典的词变为真正是自己的词,再者可以编写以主题分类的字典,编字典时不需要逐字逐句摘抄,可以以索引加提示的方式来编写。
以下是我的摘抄,原文来自于《葛传槼---向学习英语者讲话》。
1.What to ReadMy advice to you is to change it for something else. Your chief reading matter must have been written far less than a hundred years ago,a few weeks ago if possible, must have been written in simple English,and must have been written by an Englishman or an American.Your chief reading matter need not be a literary masterpiece. Nor need it be written by a famous author. A volume of short pieces of narration or exposition is better than a novel or some longargumentative essays.You have a book or two for your chief reading matter. You shouldalso read something else, which may be a little more difficult, butwhich still had better not be a classic of more than a hundred years ago.2. Reading AloudReading aloud helps you to learn by heart, and learning by heart is essential to all who aims at writing well.Reading aloud helps you to cultivate good pronunciation and good intonation, and good pronunciation and good intonation are essential to all language learners.Reading aloud helps you to discover certain beauties of language that you may fail to see in your silent reading.Unless you read aloud, you cannot lean to write naturally or to appreciate literature.3. Can You Read Englishmen’s English?I would advise you to read as much as possible in general English literature and to cultivate the habit of thinking in English.I would also advise you to read some concise history of England and commit to memory every bit of knowledge about English life and thought that you may find in reading or study.4. What kind of English?There are English English, American English, Scotch English, Irish English, and other kinds of English.I call it foolish of one to attempt the other English before onehas acquired the ability to speak, read and write English as it is usedby the average educated Englishman or American of today.One has yet much to learn before one can be properly called an advanced learner of English so long as one cannot read the news orcannot express oneself intelligibly to Englishmen or Americans in speaking and writing.By “English as it is used by the average educated Englishman or American”I mean everyday idiomatic English. It is practical, if that means actually used, but not if that means specially adapted to Chinese psychologyThe fact is, however, that one cannot master English---that is,what I call practical English---by reading about things Chinese only.I would advise those who are in the habit of confining themselvesto Chinese news when reading newspapers in English, to give up the habit.5. The Question of BackgroundIt includes history, geography, mythology, the Bible, charactersand facts in fiction, proverbs, customs, games, and sports,superstitions, and other things. And in order to understand fully the works of any author, one needs to possess as much knowledge of these things as he does. This is practically impossible with the average Chinese leaner of English. (but would you like to acquire such knowledge?)6. Books on English and Books in EnglishLanguage is not an exact science, nor a mere matter of principles, rules, exceptions, definitions, formulas, and diagrams.Books on English are helpful, but no one can master English by reading such books only.This is due to their ignorance of the fact that without wide and careful reading, the mastery of English is impossible.I would advise all learners of English to devote more time to reading books in English and less time to reading books on English.Well, if you happen to spend your days and nights on books on English, it is time you acted on my warning.7. An Easy Sentence to StudyWhy, after all, did the young man fail to understand the short sentence---They cannot see enough of each other? My answer is that it is because its way of expressiondoes not have its corresponding way in our own language.There are many ways of expression in English that have no corresponding ways in Han. These are puzzling to most Chinese learners of English.In your reading you will do well to pay special attention to those ways of expression for which you do not find corresponding ways in Han.This will help you both in reading and writing. I am sorry to find that many Chinese learners do not realize the importance of doing this, with the result that while they can read English by Chinese authors and write long and tolerably grammatical essays, yet they may not be able to understand an Englishman’s social letter thoroughly or write a short paragraph in purely idiomatic English.8. What Does “Would of Come” Mean?You ought to learn to use English correctly. But you ought as well to learn to understand the incorrect expressions that are common among Englishmen or Americans. It is partly owing to their ignorance of such incorrect expressions that many Chinese leaners can parse and analyze well without being able to read a single page in an English-language magazine published in England or America.There are many mistakes that are common among Englishmen or Americans but from which we Chinese are absolutely free. As I have said, you ought to understand them, but you ought not to adopt them as ornaments of style.9. “More Presently”Equipped with a good knowledge of grammar, Chinese learners of English are apt to think they are quite able to read general literature without much difficulty so long as they have a good dictionary within reach. What is more, they are too ready to dismiss as wrong any combination of words that does not seem to him to be capable of grammatical analysis.Important as grammar is, there are many turns of expression thatare generally considered blameless English though they are not quite defensible from a narrowly grammatical point of view. So that themastery of English grammar in its narrow sense does not enable one so much as to read English intelligently.When you come across in good writing any construction that you donot find grammatical, I would advise you to note it down instead ofcalling it a mistake, and to see if you will meet with a similar one in your reading. You will very soon, perhaps, and then you will most likely understand the construction.10. Double Negatives in Current EnglishDouble negatives always mean emphatic negation rather thanassertion. What I wish to tell you is that this unreasonable fact is not peculiar to Elizabethan literature. It exists at present.I don’t wa nt to you use this unreasonable construction (I want youto talk andwrite like an educated person). But I believe every learner of English should know it.There are several English usages that every learner of Englishshould know, but which many, or even most, Chinese learns do now know, because these are not to be understood by means of mere logic and arenot to be found in ordinary grammars. The double negative is one of them.11. About the Study of GrammarThe object of this article, however, is to advise you not to devote much time to the study of grammar.You study English in order to be able to make practical use of it. This object is not to be attained by mere study of grammar. I don’t even think I should now be able to write such simple English as that of this book if I had read nothing but grammars.Grammar tells you some general rules, some exceptions to rules, and perhaps some idioms. But the correct use of English is not a mere matter of such.English is not to be learnt from grammar but only from careful reading. Many Chinese students write sentences that might be justified by one grammatical rule or another but are certainly wrong.Grammar may help you to use English, but only to a certain extent. Do not look on the study of grammar as all or nearly all that you have to do in order to master English. Careful reading and constant practice are far more important.12. Knowing Just Enough Grammar to Go WrongStudents’narrowly grammatical conscience, however, often causes them to change idiomatic English into unidiomatic English.There are several forms of expression that are purely idiomatic and do not admit of grammatical analysis.In your reading, reader, take care to note down those idiomatic constructions that you do not find grammatical enough. Commit them to memory and try to use them in your writing.You must not think, however, that idiom and grammar are always incompatible. What is idiomatic is far more often grammatical than ungrammatical. I mean simply that not every idiomatic construction is grammatically explainable, nor is every strictly grammatical construction idiomatic.13. The Language Is the Main ThingOf course, it is all right to read and enjoy and remember a story, and d so long as one wants to know the story only, one needs not bother about the language. But the case is quite different with a learner of English, I mean a student of English as distinguished from a student of stories or what is called the general reader.Whatever a learner of English reads, he should, in my opinion, regard the language as the main thing.In this way, he does learn some English though what he reads may happen to be otherwise uninteresting or uninstructive. It may safely be said that this is a far better way of learning English composition than to read and consider the so-called principles of the subject.Incidentally, I would advise teachers of English to question their pupils on points of diction and construction as well as facts and thoughts.14. Logic and UsageThere are a number of other illogicalities in English that arequite idiomatic.As I have said, logic has time on its side. But how many years the English language will take to become a perfectly logical speech!15. Something UnnaturalChinese learners of English often misunderstand or fail to understand a group of simple words put together in a simple way. My advice is to stop to think again when you find something unnatural in an expression. That something is perhaps not in the expression itself but in your interpretation of it16. A Good Knowledge of Bad EnglishPerhaps you think that bad English is not worth learning, and that the English of the average Chinese learner of the language is bad enough without his ever making any effort to learn to be bad.Bad English means bad grammar, bad spelling, bad usage, and bad pronunciation. All these things form an interesting and useful study. Without a good knowledge of these one will miss much in modernliterature and will fail to understand any uneducated Englishman or American one has occasion to have anything to do with.17. Reading DictionariesI am sure that reading dictionaries is, after all, not so foolish as you might think.I used many years ago to read through many articles on common words in the Concise Oxford Dictionary. Ifound that very helpful in the mastery of common words and phrases.Such common words and phrases can be very easily picked up by English-speaking boys and girls. But they are not likely to be acquired by Chinese students without any special effort in this respect. The reading of articles on common words in dictionaries is no doubt a great aid.18. Make your own DictionaryThe chief reason is that being a conscientious learner of EnglishI am alwayscareful to avoid slipshod or perfunctory work. I hope that the delay in publication will be compensated for by the richer and better contents of the book.I think that every learner could make his own dictionary of usage. He could keepa notebook in which to record, in alphabetical order, such points of usage as he might find of particular interest to him. Such a book would serve him as a constant companion to composition, though many things in it might seem quite dull or useless to others.I think that every learner could make his dictionary of usage as large as the sum total of the books he reads. I mean that he might make a usage index, so to speak, to those books. For a particular point he would have to record only the book, the page, and the line concerned.I wish I could find time to do this. And I believe that I couldthus lay the foundation of a live and original dictionary---quite different from those based on nothing but one or more dictionaries.19. Make Another Dictionary of Your OwnI mean a dictionary in which a certain number of topics arearranged in alphabetical order and useful phrases and sentences about each topic are grouped together.This can be done by reading and making notes. It is not necessaryto copy the phrases and sentences. It is enough to jot down the page number and line number, and give one or two words as a hint. In this way, any book may be turned into a topic dictionary by merely providing it with a topic index. And several such dictionaries may be turned into a fairly complete topic dictionary.20. More about What to ReadSince it is with a view to learning composition that you read, and since it is in present-day English prose that you ought to learn to express yourself, what you read must be present-day English prose. Expressions in common use a hundred years ago may not be so at the present day. Likewise, expressions in common use in verse may not be so in prose.Since it is in StandardEnglish that you ought to learn to express yourself, what you read must not contain too much slang, whatever significance one may attach to the word.Since it is things in everyday life that you ought to learn towrite about, what you read must not be of a technical character.What you read must be fairly easy for you; too much time and energy spent in reading between the lines and finding out all kinds of references and allusions would very likely distract your mind from your purpose, which is to learn English composition.21. Reading to Learn the Art of ExpressionAs you are a learner of English, I think you should often read to learn the art of expression. And for this purpose you may read either a short story or a biographical sketch, either an essay or a news item, indeed, anything that is written in good current English.Even from a short paragraph you may learn several forms of expression if you are observant enough.In this way you will learn the art of expression very quickly; perhaps one or two paragraphs a day will teach you hundreds of forms of expression in a month, and these forms of expression will greatly improve your writing.If you can---I believe you can---commit to memory one or two paragraphs a day that you have already read in this way, the resultswill be still greater.22. Learning English Conversation by ImitationThe other day I met a Chinese woman who spoke perfect English. She speaks it in the way she does, not because she thinks it is the right way but because she knows no other. She is free from, and probably ignorant of, the thousand and one mistakes peculiar to Chinese students of English.This woman learnt to speak English by imitating unconsciously. Itis no doubt the best way. But not all Chinese learners have the change of learning in this way. Well, there is the second best way; I mean learning by imitatingconsciously. If there are people who spent years in England or America but who do not speak English correctly, it is because they did not do much conscious imitating when abroad. They have carried their mistakes over and then carried them back, though they ought to have left them there.I simply mean that by careful imitation one can very well learntit---and that not only in countries where English is the mother language but also in some places in China.It needs to be generally realized among Chinese learners of English that good speaking leads to good writing and that language isessentially something spoken.23. Imitation, Good and BadToo often a learner of English who has read one or two classics tries to imitate their style. The fact, however, is that style cannot beimitated. Different authors have different styles. They do not endeavor to write the way they write. So the imitation of any style often results in affectation.The result will be still worse if the style imitated is that of a work written a hundred years ago or more. We are of the eighties of the twentieth century, and we should not write the English of the eighties of the nineteenth century.I would advise you not to aim at a special style. Take care towrite correct, simple, idiomatic, and clear English, that’s all.But imitation is not always bad. Very often it is important to imitate something. Where personal style is out of place, imitation is the only means by which correctnessmay be secured.24. Tongue and PenIn fact, language is essentially a spoken thing. To study Englishwithout trying to speak it is not advisable. And it is absurd to read a conversation book in just the same manner as to read a grammar.As ordinary written English is not quite different from ordinary spoken English, to learn to speak is a very good way to learn to write. One who speaks good English writes good English too. The pen cannot go wrong where the tongue goes right. Many everyday phrases and everyday constructions come natural to one who uses them in speaking.I think it would be very doo method of learning writing as well as learning speaking for a pupil to talk to his teacher in English about whatever subject the former is interested in and to have himself corrected whenever he makes a mistake.25. Simply Didn’t KnowPeople don’t write well though having a good knowledge of grammar. One of your troubles, I think, is that you often cannot express what you want to say. You cannot, but when you have seen you meaning expressed by someone who can express it, you will most probably say to yourself “That seems easy enough. I simply didn’t know.”You simply didn’t know. Just a few common words arranged in a simple grammatical order by someone who is at home in English. That expresses your meaning, and yet you simply didn’t know which common words to choose and how to arrange them.This is very common trouble with Chinese learners of English. It is due to the fact that they do not read widely enough, not carefully enough. There are thousands of useful expressions that are not generally considered idioms. They are so easy to understand that they are apt to be neglected. But those who neglect them will forget them, and fail to use them when they need them.You cannot learn to write with much freedom of expression till you have laid in a stock of useful phrases and sentences, and you cannot do it without reading widely and carefully.26. So Many PointsLapses in idiom always betray one’s unfamiliarity with cor rect English. It follows that the seemingly trifling points of usage are well worthy of the attention of all who wish to write English correctly.What I call points of usage, however, are not so formidable an enemy as they may seem to you. Close attention to them helps to conquer them.What English-speaking persons get from speaking you may get from readingaloud, which will help you in the same way as speaking would,though perhaps less quickly.There is an advantage in reading aloud over speaking in the factthat in reading good written English, you are not in danger of getting those common solecisms, barbarisms, and improprieties in the speech of persons of limited culture.27. How to Say itYou did have something to say, but you did not know how to say it, hence the importance of studying composition.As matter of fact, many of the ideas and thoughts you often have occasion to express have already been expressed by others before you. Read any page in any book carefully, and you will perhaps find some expressions that will help you to say things. Many such expressions may seem to you to be too simple to deserve much attention, but the fact is that you cannot invent them, nor can you use them unless you noted them.The trouble with those people who, with a good knowledge of grammar, cannot even write tolerable English is that they may either not haveread widely enough or not have read carefully enough or not have committed to memorize enough words, phrases and sentences that they may have found too easy to understand to be worth remembering.28. A “Foolish” Principle of CompositionI discovered the principle myself, and I acted up to it as soon asI discovered it many years ago. I have found it so helpful that Ibelieve you will do well to adopt it.The principle is that you should use no construction, no form of expression, and no combination of words that you have not seen in your reading.It seems to me that the average Chinese learner of English has afair knowledge of grammar and a fairly large vocabulary and that when he writes English, he makes sentences according to his knowledge of grammar and his understanding of the meaning of words. The result is that his English often seems to be correct enough but is not really correct. For correct English is a matter of usage, not merely a matter of grammar and vocabulary.In composition correction I have often been asked why I had changed a certain word or construction to another. Well, I cannot always say why.I have substituted that word or construction simply because that is the word or construction that an Englishman would have used them.I regard the principle very helpful, and I hope that you will tryto put it into practice.Shall I not find it practically impossible to write anything because I do not always remember whether I have ever seen a certain construction or form of expression or combination of words? Well, you should remember. You should read carefully. You should learn the art of expression from your reading.29. An Aid to CompositionIf you come across things that cannot simply be translated into readable Han, I would advise you not to try to translate them. Just commit them to memory. They will often come in useful when you write. They will help you to write more idiomatic English.Sometimes, Chinese learners tend to neglect some idiomatic usage of certain words because they do not usually use an English word in a sense that cannot be easily translated into Han such as “society” used in the sentence “The old man enjoys the society of young people”, meaning companionship.30. Some Mistakes to ConsiderI find that there are some mistakes in the use of many other common English words. I am of opinion that discussion of such mistakes ought to form a large part of every composition book specially intended for Chineselearners, and it is a matter of regret that many, many Chinese learners are studying rules and principles of grammar and rhetoric without caring a bit about such mistakes.31. Some More Mistakes to ConsiderGrammars mention the double object and give examples of it, butthey do not tell you that only a few verbs can take the double object,nor do they mention any verbs with which this construction is impossible.To tell the truth, grammar does not help you much in writing. Ittells you what is right, but it does not tell you much about what is wrong. When you have seen a certain construction in your grammar, youtry to make use of it in your own writing. Possibly you have made no mistake, but it is also possible that you have made a mistake.32. Better Short than LongI full agree with the view that a sentence is not good or badmerely because it is long or short. Length is a false test of a sentence. It is wrong to think that a series of long sentences is a proof ofone’s good command of English. It is equally wrong to think that simple and clear English requires every sentence to contain a certain number of words at most.While I would warn all learners of English composition against two mistakes, I think the mistake of writing long sentences is the commoner one. And learners ought to take more care to avoid it, not merelybecause in the hands of those who have not had much practice in the useof words and phrases and idiomatic constructions, long sentences aremuch harder to manage than short ones. It must not for a moment be supposed that an error in grammar or idiom embedded in a long sentencecan easilyescape detection.33. Something More Important than Enlarging One’s V ocabularyBy knowing a word I mean knowing its true sense or senses insteadof merely knowing one or more of what we call its Han equivalents.We are apt to neglect common words. Apart from the possibility of misuse and misunderstanding we are apt to neglect their various senses, or rather idiomatic uses.34. Make the Word Your OwnA word is not your own until you can use it correctly. You may know one or more Han equivalents for a word and yet you may not be able to use it correctly. I am afraid that of all the English words that the average Chinese learner can translate into Han, less than half mayreally called his own.Remember that not every word that you think you understand well is really your own.35. A Warning Regarding the Use of WordsWhen in writing, it can be commonly found that people would use destruct instead of destroy, and destroyal instead of destruction. I do not think that the users of these non-existing words did not know the correct words. They were careless enough, though. They just seize upon a combination of letters that looked like the word they wanted. It is truethat these non-existing words may be understood by all who see them. But, of course, they cannot therefore justify themselves.I would therefore advise you to use no word that you are not sure you have seen used by standard authors, and to consult your dictionaryin case of doubt.One word more of warning. It is possible that you sometimes use a word that is recorded in your dictionary, but which is not in common use, and which you use not because you are sure of its existence but simply because you think it is the word you want. For instance, because you know the noun “aggression”and the adjective “aggressive”, you mayuse the verb “aggress”---which, however, is a very uncommon word.36. The WordSometimes I fail to get the exact word in spite of much thinkingand weighing. In such cases I have to content myself with using the word that I regard as being nearest to the meaning I want to express. This is a common experience with writers of English, and is one they ought tofeel sorry for.The study of synonyms is no doubt very helpful in the carefulchoice of words, which is essential to precision, one of the qualitiesof good writing. But there are two mistakes against which I think learners ought to be warned. One is that of trusting tothe so-called Han equivalents as given in English-Han dictionaries. The other is that of studying the explanations in articles on synonyms but neglecting the illustrative examples.Correct English, however, is largely a matter of the use of common words, the correct use of which depends on not so much upon their “meanings” as upon what is known as usage.For native English writers, they use the word as a matter of habit rather than as a result of the careful choice of words. The study of synonyms is of no help in this matter. One can improve only by the careful reading of idiomatic English---which no amount of word study can supplant.37. What is “Literary English” Means?Literary English, if you please, does not mean English confined in its use to literature. It is not a distinctly elegant sort of English.It is just the ordinary English that well-educated Englishmen or Americans use in writing---not necessarily for literary purposes, but often for practical purpose.It does not follow that English used in conversation is necessarily too colloquial to be used in writing. The majority of the words and idioms used by well-educated English and American people in conversation are certainly literary English.。
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either …or to be in order to
Developing skills Speaking
dream job
a
diplomat
a policeman
a writer
Model:
A: What’s your dream job ? B: My dream job is either to be a diplomat or to be a policeman. What about you? A: I want to be a writer.
A: Is it … to …? B: Yes, in order to … ,
it’s very … to do so.
rewarding / take part in hobby group activities / enrich our knowledge
A: Is it … to …? B: Yes, in order to … ,
My way is to keep practising. My dream is to be a diplomat.
动词不定式做表语。 (表语的作用是对主语起解释说明，往往位于be动 词后） 翻译： Her job is to clean the hall.
• 动词不定式作表语时，主语经常是 dream, plan, wish, hope, job 等
important / improve our English study methods/ lean English better
A: Is it … to …? B: Yes, in order to … , it’s very … to do so.
necessary / provide students with a good language environment / improve their English skills
An Interview with a Good Language Learner
U1 L2 Text
He’d like to know ______.
1.When does she have English lessons? 2. Which subject do you like best? 3. Will it rain tomorrow?
Writing stories and newspaper Read English ______________ diary Keep an English _______
Congratulations on your success!
congratulation n. e.g. You've passed your driving
it’s very … to do so.
helpful / read English newspaper / develop our reading skills
A: Is it … to …? B: Yes, in order to … , it’s very … to do so.
• • • • •
a. Who is the girl? b. What does the man do? c. What is the man doing? d. Why is the journalist interviewing her? e. What does the journalist want to interview her about?
practise doing
翻译： 他每天早晨练习跑步。
He practises running every morning. V + doing V.--- finish / keep / enjoy / mind / look
forward to /be busy / get used to / be fond of / spend …(in) / stop … (from)
helpful / go to the English Corner / practise English
Model:
A: Is it … to …? A: Is it helpful to go to the English B: Yes, in order to … , Corner?
very to … to do so.English, B: Yes,it’s in order practise it’s very helpful to do so.
dream job
a
diplomat
a policeman
a writer
A: What’s your … ? B: My … is either to be … or to be … What about you? A: I want ...
ways to find out the meaning of a new word
write an English diary
I’m sorry you can’t. You can get either the 21st Century or the China Students’ Post? But you can’t get both.
I’ve got two yuan. Can I buy both the 21st Century and the China Students’ Post?
I guess you keep an English diary, don’t you?
注意：当反义疑问句的主句是
guess / I suppose + 宾语从句时，反义疑
问部分按照从句的主语和谓语构成。
I think / I
e.g. I think Jason keeps a pet. …… , doesn't he? I suppose cats are friendly animals. …… , aren’t they?
ask the teacher
consult(查阅) the dictionary
guess the meaning of
A: what’s your … ? B: My way is either to … or to … . What about you? A: I want …
the word from the context
Listening Skills
Speaking Skills
Reading skills
Writing skills
listen to the tapes, listen to the English radio broadcasts, watch English programmes, see English films,talk to native speakers of English, go to the English corner, take part in English Evening, etc. talk to native speakers of English, go to the English corner, take part in English Evening read English books, newspapers and magazines Keep an English diary
test.测验合格了.恭喜！
congratulate v. congratulate sb . on sth. e.g. Congratulate you on your success!
I take every opportunity to practise speaking English in and out of class.
Li Fang’s Ways to Improve Her English Skill
Listening Listen to ___________ English broadcasts and English TV programmes watch____________
Speaking Take every opportunity _______ to practise in and out of class speaking English _____________ Reading
buy an English newspaper
either … or
翻译： 周末要么我去看电影，要么去观光。 I will either go to the cinema or go sightseeing at the weekend. 翻译： 你和汤姆随便哪一位都可以和我去美国。 Either you or Tom can go to the USA with me.
1. Our duty is to help the young children to grow better. 2. It is not easy to catch fish with your hands only. 3. I like to go out for walks in the warm sunshine in spring. 4. To learn a foreign language well, you must make painstaking efforts. 5. In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard.
Plans for the weekend
take part in the English evening
visit an agricultural park