Chapter 6 Whitman and Dickinson
美国文学第6章whitman,Dickinson
• Like Emerson and Thoreau, Whitman
stressed the inseparability of the soul from that part of nature which is the human body. • He accepted a democratic belief in the equality and potential greatness of all man, and added to it the belief , that is, his emphasis on love and brotherhood.
• The rhythm and movement of his lines
probably are the result of the influences of different sources: – the American art of oratory associated with the puritan preachers – the Italian opera – the sea (the sound of the surf).
– Later, he said, “The poetry of other lands lies in the past--what they have been. The poetry of America lies in the future…the truest and greatest poetry can never again in the English language be expressed in arbitrary and rhyming meter, more than the greatest eloquence or the truest power and passion.
单选题 美国文学
1. William Faulkner is the author of ______. Ba. Far From the Madding Crowdb. Sound and Furyc. For Whom the Bell Tollsd. Scarlet Letter2. Robert Frost is a famous_______. Ca. novelistb. playwrightc. poetd. literary critic3. The Old Man and the Sea is one of the great works by ________. Da. Jack Londonb. Charles Dickensc. Samuel Coleridged. Earnest Hemingway4. The great transcendental work by Henry David Thoreau is______. Ba. Natureb. Waldenc. Experienced. Essays5. Mark Twain shaped the world’s view of America and made a combination of_____and serious literature. Aa. American folk humorb. funny jokesc. English folklored. American values6. I Have a Dream is addressed by _____. Ca. Abraham Lincolnb. John F. Kennedyc. Martin Luther Kingd. Ralph Waldo Emerson7. The period from 1865—1914 has been referred to as the _______in the literary history of the United States. Aa. Age of Realismb. Age of Classicalismc. Age of Romanticismd. Age of Renaissance8. With “Collected Poems”, ______won the second Pulitzer Prize. Ca. Ezra Pondb. e. e. cummingsc. Robert Frostd. William Cullen Bryant9. Moby Dick is the most important work by ______. Ba. Jack Londonb. Herman Melvillec. Sinclair Lewisd. Ralph Ellison10. O. Henry earned his fame mainly for his ______. Ca. novelsb. poemsc. short storiesd. dramas11. ______ is NOT a novel of Francis Scott Fitzgerald. Ba. Tender Is the Nightb. Anna Christiec. The Beautiful and Dammedd. The Great Gatsby12. The 1954 Nobel Prize for literature was awarded to ______for his “mastery of the art of modern narration”. Da. William Faulknerb. John Steinbeckc. Saul Bellowd. Earnest Hemingway13. Sister Carrie is a masterpiece of _______work. Da. romanticb. classicc. neo-classicd. naturalistic14. The Road Not Taken is a poem written by ______. Aa. Robert Frostb. Longfellowc. Ezra Pondd. Carl Sandburg15. T. S. Eliot’s most famous long poem is ______. Ca. The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrockb. A Boy’s Willc. The Waste Landd. The Golden Bough16. Daisy Miller is a great work by _____. Aa. Henry Jamesb. Mark Twainc. Dreiserd. Stowe17. The black man Jim is a character in Mark Twain’s _______. Ba. The Adventures of Tom Sawyerb. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finnc. Life on the Mississippid. The Prince and the Pauper18. The Grapes of Wrath is the masterpiece of ______. Aa. John Steinbeckb. John Cheeverc. John Updiked. John Dos Passos19. The image of the famous “henpecked husband” is created by_____. Aa. Washington Irvingb. Fennimore Cooperc. Edith Whartond. William Dean Howells20. _____was the most important person of the transcendental club. Ca. Hawthornb. Whitmanc. Emersond. Thoreau21．Whitman’s poems are characterized by all the following features EXCEPT_____. Aa. a strict poetic formb. a simple and conversational languagec. a free and natural rhythmic patternd. an easy flow of feelings22．The high tide of Romanticism in American literature occurred around ______. A a. 1820 b. 1850c. 1880d. 192023．The publication of _______ established Emerson as the most eloquent spokesman of the New England Transcendentalism. Aa. Natureb. Self-Reliancec. The Over-Sould. The American Scholar24．Chinese poetry and philosophy have exerted great influence over ____. Aa. Ezra Poundb. Ralph Waldo Emersonc. Robert Frostd. Emily Dickinson25．______is NOT written by Edgar Allan Poe. Da. The Ravenb. Annabel Leec. The Fall of the House of Usherd. Song to Celia(C) 26. In addition to Nature, Ralph Waldo Emerson is also noted for his famous essay, ___, which has often been called the second American Declaration of Independence---a declaration of cultural independence for the United States.A. The DialB. The Divinity School AddressC. The American ScholarD. The Over-Soul(D) 27. Which of the following is NOT written by Nathaniel Hawthorne?A. The House of the Seven GablesB. The Scarlet LettersC. Young Goodman BrownD. Self-Reliance(A) 28. In his ___ and ___, Mark Twain shows his nostalgic recollections of his early boyhood.A. Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Adventures of Huckleberry FinnB. Adventures of Tom Sawyer and The Gilded AgeC. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and The Gilded AgeD. Life on the Mississippi and The Gilded Age(C) 29. One of the differences between Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson is their intention of writing poems. Emily Dickinson wrote poems chiefly for ___.A. displaying her poetic talentB. expressing her view on public affairsC. psychological therapyD. wide reputation(C) 30. ___ by Theodore Dreiser is a story , tracing the material rise of an actress and the tragic decline of a man who used to give the actress indispensable help.A. An American TragedyB. Trilogy of DesireC. Sister CarrieD. Nigger Jeff(D) 31. Hemingway used Gertrude Stein's remark that "You are all a lost generation." as a motto in his novel________.A. For Whom the Bell TollsB. The Old Man and the SeaC. A Farewell to ArmsD. The Sun Also Rises(B) 32. In 1920, Fitzgerald's first novel _______ was published, which brought him, not only reputation, wealth but also Zelda, an embodiment of his romantic notions of a Southern Belle.A. The Great GatsbyB. This Side of ParadiseC. The Beautiful and DamnedD. Tender is the Night(C) 33. Ezra pound wrote 70 books of his own, and edited 70 books of other writers. His major work of poetry is _____, a long poem which he worked on over a long period of time , and which traces the rise and fall of eastern and western empires.A. Make It NewB. The ABC of ReadingC. The CantosD. In a Station of the Metro(A) 34. Which is of the following poems is NOT composed by Robert Frost?A. SuccessB. After Apple - PickingC. The Road Not TakenD. Mending Wall35. Mark Twain created, in____________, a masterpiece of American realism that is also one of the great books of world literature. AA. Huckleberry FinnB. Tom SawyerC. The Man That Corrupted HadleyburgD. The Gilded Age36. Choose the work NOT written by Mark Twain. DA. The Adventures of Tom SawyerB. Innocents AbroadC. Life on the MississippiD. The Rise of Silas Lapham37. With William Dean Howells, James, and Mark Twain active on the scene, _______ became the major trend in the seventies and eighties of the nineteenth century. CA. sentimentalismB. romanticismC. realismD. naturalism38. Ezra Pound' s long poem____________ contained more than one hundred poems loosely connected. BA. The Waste LandB. The CantosC. Don JuanD. Queen Mab39. The Fitzgeralds lived so extravagantly that they frequently spent more money than F. Scoot Fitzgerald earned for parties, liquor, entertaining their friends and traveling. It was this living style that nicknamed the decade of the 1920s as ______. BA. The Roaring TwentiesB. The Jazz AgeC. The Dollar DecadeD. all of the above40. In Paris, Ernest Hemingway, along with _____________, accomplisheda revolution in literary style and language. DA. James JoyceB. Ezra PoundC. Thomas Stearns EliotD. all of the above41. __________ tells the Joad family's life from the time they were evicted from their farm in Oklahoma until their first winter in California. BA. Of Mice and MenB. The Grapes of WrathC. The Great GatsbyD. For Whom the Bell Tolls42. In American literature, the 18th century was the age of Enlightenment. ______43. The short story “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” is taken from Irving’s work46．Transcendentalist doctrines found their greatest literary advocates in _____ and50. Naturalism is evolved from realism when the author’s tone in writing becomes52. _____ is a fantasy tale about a man who somehow stepped outside the main55. From Thoreau’s jail experience, came his famous essay, _____ which states his belief that no man should violate his conscience at the command of a government. CA. WaldenB. NatureC. Civil DisobedienceD. Common Sense56. Most of the poems in Whitman’s Leaves of Grass sing of the “en-mass” and the1620 and arrived in the present Provincetown harbor on November 21 in the sameyear. This ship was named ____________. Ba. The Pilgrimsb. Mayflowerc. Americad. Titanic59. _________ was the first American writer to write entirely American literature. Ca. Anne Bradstreetb. Washington Irvingc. Mark Twaind. Ernest Hemingway60. _______ was the leader of American transcendentalism. Ca. Benjamin Franklinb. Washington Irvingc. Ralph Waldo Emersond. Henry David Thoreau61._________ is father of the detective story and of psychoanalytic criticism. Da. Washington Irvingb. Ralph Waldo Emersonc. Walt Whitmand. Edgar Allan Poe63. Which of the following is a naturalistic writer? Da. William Dean Howellsb. Mark Twainc. Ernest Hemingwayd.Theodore Dreiser64. Hemingway wrote about American compatriots in Europe whereas ________wrote about the Jazz age, life in American society. Da.William Carlos Williamsb. William Faulknerc. John Steinbeckd. F. Scott Fitzgerald65. Dreiser’s Tri logy of Desire includes three novels. They are The Financier, The Titan and_____ .A. The GeniusB. The TycoonC. The StoicD. The Giant66. The impact of Darwin’s evolutionary theory on the American thought and the influence of the nineteenth-century French literature on the American men of letters gave rise to yet another school of realism: American___________ .A. local colorismB. vernacularismC. modernismD. naturalism67. Robert Frost combined traditional verse forms -the sonnet, rhyming couplets, blank verse -with a clear American local speech rhythm, the speech of _______farmers with its idiosyncratic diction and syntax.A. SouthernB. WesternC. New HampshireD. New England68. Apart from the dislocation of time and the modern stream-of-consciousness, the other narrative techniques Faulkner used to construct his stories include_________,symbolism and mythological and biblical allusions.A. impressionismB. expressionismC. multiple points of viewD. first person point of view69. One of the characteristics that have made Mark Twain a major literary figure in the 19th century America is his use of____________ .A. vernacularB. interior monologueC. point of viewD. photographic description70. It is on his____________ that Washington Irving’s fame mainly rested.A. childhood recollectionsB. sketches about his European toursC. early poetryD. tales about America71. As a philosophical and literary movement, the main issues involved in the debate of Transcendentalism are generally concerning ____________________.A. nature, man and the universeB. the relationship between man and womanC. the development of Romanticism in American literatureD. the cold, rigid rationalism of Unitarianism72. About the novel The Scarlet Letter, which of the following statements is NOT right?A. It’s very hard to say that it is a love story or a story of sin.B. It’s a highly symbolic story and the author is a master of symbolism.C. It’s mainly about the moral, emotional and psychological effects of the sinupon the main characters and the people in general.D. In it the letter A takes the same symbolic meaning throughout the novel.73. The great sea adventure story Moby-Dick is usually considered____________.A. a symbolic voyage of the mind in quest of the truth and knowledge of the universe.B. an adventurous exploration into man’s relationship with natureC. a simple whaling tale or sea adventureD. a symbolic voyage of the mind in quest of the artistic truth and beauty74. In his poems, Walt Whitman is innovative in the terms of the form of his poetry, which is called “____________________.”A. free verseB. blank verseC. alliterationD. end rhyming75. Which of the following is said of the American naturalism?A. They preferred to have their own region and people at the forefront of the stories.B. Their characteristic setting is usually an isolated town.C. Humans should be united because they had to adapt themselves to changing harshenvironment.D. Their characters were conceived more or less complex combinations of inheritedattributes, their habits conditioned by social and economic forces.76. Which of the following is not right about Mark Twain’s style of language?A. His sentence structures are long, ungrammatical and difficult to read.B. His words are colloquial, concrete and direct in effect.C. His humor is remarkable and characterized by puns, straight-faced exaggeration，repetition and anti-climax.D. His style of language had exerted rather deep influence on the contemporary writers.77. As a great innovator in American literature, Walt Whitman wrote his poetry in anunconventional style which is now called free verse, that is _________.A. lyrical poetry with chanting refrainsB. poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme schemeC. poetry without rhymes at the end of the lines but with a fixed beatD. poetry in an irregular metric form and expressing noble feelings78. In his poetry, Robert Frost made the colloquial ______ speech into a poetic expression.A. EnglandB. New EnglandC. PlymouthD. Boston79. Which of the following statements is right about Robert Frost’s poetry?A. He combined traditional verse forms with the difficult and highly ornamental language.B. He combined traditional verse forms with the pastoral language of the Southern area.C. He combined traditional verse forms with a simple spoken language-the speech ofNew England farmers.D. He combined traditional verse forms with the experimental.80. Which of the following is not written by Ernest Hemingway, one of the best-known American authors of the 20th century?A. The Sun Also Rises.B. The Old Man and the Sea.C. Mosses From the Old Manse.D. The Green Hills of Africa.81. Which of the following is not a work of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s?A. The House of the Seven Gables.B. The Blithedale Romance.C. The Marble Faun.D.White Jacket.82. In Hawthorne’s novels and short stories, intellectuals usually appear as ______________.A. commentatorsB. observersC. villainsD. saviors83. Besides sketches, tales and essays, Washington Irving also published a book on ______, which is also considered an important part of his creative writing.A. poetic theoryB. French artC. history of New YorkD. life of George Washington84. In 1837, Ralph Waldo Emerson made a speech entitled _______ at Harvard, which was hailed by Oliver Wendell Holmes as "Our intellectual Declaration of Independence."A. "Nature"B. "Self-Reliance"C. "Divinity School Address"D. "The American Scholar"85. Which of the following statements about writers in 1920s is true?A. Mark Twain published his last and most important novel.B. F. Scott Fitzgerald received the Nobel Prize.C. Freudian psychology influenced many modern writers.D. Most writers were politically radical.86. In American literature the first important writer who earned an international fame on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean is_______________.A. Washington IrvingB. Ralph Waldo EmersonC. Nathaniel HawthorneD. Walt Whitman87. The American novelist Nathaniel Hawthorne is known for his“black vision．”The Term “black vision” refers to______________.A. Hawthorne's observation that every man faces a black WallB. Hawthorne's belief that all men are by nature evilC. that Hawthorne employed a dream vision to tell his storyD. that Puritans of Hawthorne's time usually wore black clothes88. In__________, Robert Frost compares life to a journey, and he is doubtful whether he will regret his choice or not when he is old, because the choice has made all the difference.A. “After Apple-Picking”B. “The Road NOt Taken”C. “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening”D. “Fire and Ice”89. The Romantic writers would focus on all the following issues EXCEPT the_______ in the American literary history．A. individual feelingB. survival of the fittestC. strong imaginationD. return to nature90. Generally speaking，all those writers with a naturalistic approach to human reality tend to be_____.A. transcendentalistsB. optimistsC. pessimistsD. idealists91. American writers after World War I self-consciously acknowledged that they were(a) “_______,” devoid of faith and alienated from the Western civilization．A. Lost GenerationB. Beat GenerationC. Sons of LibertyD. Angry Young Men92. Hester Prynne, Dimmesdale, Chillingworth and Pearl are most likely Characters in_______.A. The House of the Seven GablesB. The Scarlet LetterC. The Portrait of a LadyD. The pioneers93. In his realistic fiction, Henry James's primary concern is to present the_________.A. inner life of human beingsB. American Civil War and its effectsC. life on the Mississippi RiverD. Calvinistic view of original Sin94. American Romanticism stretches from the end of the ________ century through the outbreak of ______.A. 18th, the Civil WarB. 18th, the War of IndependenceC. 19th, WWID. 19th, WWII95. _________ believes that the chief aim of literary creation is beauty, and “the death of a beautiful woman is, unquestionably, the most poetical topic in the world.”A. Walt WhitmanB. Edgar Allen PoeC. Anne BradstreetD. Ralph Waldo Emerson96. Which is generally regarded as the manifesto and the Bible of American Transcendentalism?A. Thoreau’s WaldenB.Emerson’s NatureC. Poe’s Poetic PrincipleD. Thoreau’s Nature97. Henry David Thoreau’s work, ________, has always been regarded as a masterpiece of the New England Transcendental Movement.A. WaldenB. The PioneersC. NatureD. "Song of Myself"98. ‘Leaves of Grass’ commands great attention because of its uniqu ely poeticembodiment of________, which are written in the founding documents of both the Revolutionary War and the American Civil War.A. the democratic idealsB. the romantic idealsC. the self-reliance spiritsD. the religious ideals99. ________is the author of the work “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”.A. Washington IrvingB. James JoyceC. Walt WhitmanD. William Butler Yeats100. After "The Adventure of Tom Sawyer", Twain gives a literary independence to Tom’s buddy Huck in a book called_________, and the book from which "all modern American literature comes".A. Life on the Mississippi RiverB. The Gilded AgeC. Adventures of Huckleberry FinnD. The Sun Also Rises101. The greatest work written by Theodore Dreiser is__________.A. Sister CarrieB. An American TragedyC. The FinancierD. The Titan102. We can perhaps summarize that Walt Whitman’s poems are characterized by all the following features except that they are _______________.A. conversational and crudeB. lyrical and well-structuredC. simple and rather crudeD. free-flowing103. Who exerts the single most important influence on literary naturalism, of which Theodore Dreiser and Jack London are among the best representative writers?A. FreudB. Darwin.C. W.D. Howells. D. Emerson104. Mark Twain, one of the greatest 19th century American writers, is well known for his ____.A. international themeB. waste-land imageryC. local colorD. symbolism105. In Henry James’ Daisy Miller, the author tries to portray the young woman as an embodiment of _______________.A. the force of conventionB. the free spirit of the New WorldC. the decline of aristocracyD. the corruption of the newly rich106. "Two roads diverged in a yellow wood / And sorry I could not travel both ..." In the above two lines of Robert Fros t’s The Road Not Taken, the poet, by implication, was referring to _______.A. a travel experienceB. a marriage decisionC. a middle-age crisisD. one’s course of life107. The Transcendentalists believe that, first, nature is ennobling, and second, the individual is ____________.A. insignificantB. vicious by natureC. divineD. forward-looking108. The Publication of ______established Emerson as the most eloquent spokesman of New England Transcendentalism.A. NatureB. Self-RelianceC. The American ScholarD. The Over-Soul。
Emily-Dickinson-and-Walt-Whitman
“Because I could not stop for Death”
Because I could not stop for Death – 因为我不能停步等候死神
He kindly stopped for me –
他便停车来接我——
The Carriage
held
but
just
Ourselves –
Her seclusion was not the result of a failed love affair, but rather a part of a more general pattern of renunciation through which she, in her quest for self-sovereignty, carried on an argument with the puritan fathers, attacking with wit and irony their cheerless Calvinist doctrine, their stern patriarchal God, and their rigid notions of “true womanhood”.
四轮马车里只有我们俩—— 还有永生伴征程。
And Immortality.
We slowly drove – He knew no haste And I had put away My labor and my leisure too, For His Civility –
我们缓缓而行，他显得格外 从容—— 我也抛开 劳作和闲暇，因为 他是如此殷情陪送——
technicallyFra bibliotekadded to the literary independence
英美文学Chapter 6
Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking • A reminiscence of a childhood experience that can be split into three subsections: • 1,The mocking birds, a male and a female, happily sing together of ideal love and bliss 2,the he-bird, the lone singer of bereavement and lonesome love 3, the lone singer of death as the spiritual fulfillment of lonesome love • Two sets of symbols stand for the endless cycle: the sun and the moon, day and night, land and sea; life and physical, death and spiritual
Emily Dickinson
Emily Dickinson
• The loss of faith, the religious uncertainty harassed her. As she failed to confess herself Christian, she embraced poetic life. p97 • In an act of self-recognition, realizing that poetic interpretation of life conflicted with religious dogma, Dickinson affirmed her individuality and emerged a mature poet. p98 • The main themes: Death and immortality
美国文学 Emily Dickinson
湖南工业大学英美文学赏析题库
湖南工业大学英美文学赏析题库I. Multiple ChoiceSelect from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Write your choice on the answer sheet.1.The most significant idea of the Renaissance is （）.A. humanismB. realismC. naturalismD. skepticism2.Shakespeare’s tragedies include all the following except（）.A. Hamlet and King LearB. Antony and Cleopatra and MacbethC. Julius Caesar and OthelloD. The Merchant of Venice and A Midsummer Night’s Dream3.The statement “Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability”opens one of well-known essays byA. Francis BaconB. Samuel JohnsonC. Alexander PopeD. Jonathan Swift4.In Hardy’s Wessex novels, there is an apparent （）touch in his description of the simple though primitive rural life.A. nostalgicB. humorousC. romanticD. ironic5.Backbite, Sneerwell, and Lady Teazle are characters in the play The School for Scandal by（）.A. Christopher MarloweB. Ben JonsonC. Richard Brinsley SheridanD. George Bernard Shaw6.Of all the 18th century novelists Henry Fielding was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specifically a“（）in prose,”the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.A. tragic epicB. comic epicC. romanceD. lyric epic7.In his poem “Tyger, Tyger,”William Blake expresses his perception of the“fearful symmetry”of the big cat. The phrase“fearful symmetry”suggests （）.A. the tiger’s two eyes which are dazzlingly bright and symmetrically setB. the poet’s fear of the predatorC. the analogy of the hammer and the anvilD. the harmony of the two opposite aspects of God’s creation8.“What is his name?”“Bingley.”“Is he married or single?”“Oh! Single, my dear, to be sure! A single man of large fortune; four or five thousand a year. What a fine thing for our girls!”The above dialogue must be taken from（）.A. Jane Austen’s Pride and PrejudiceB. Emily Bronte’s Wuthering HeightsC. John Galsworthy’s The Forsyte SagaD. George Eliot’s Middlemarch9.The short story“Araby”is one of the stories in James Joyce’s collection（）.A. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young ManB. UlyssesC. Finnegans WakeD. Dubliners10.William Wordsworth, a romantic poet, advocated all the following except（）.A. the using of everyday language spoken by the common peopleB. the expression of the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelingsC. the humble and rustic life as subject matterD. elegant wording and inflated figures of speech11.Here are two lines taken from The Merchant of Venice:“Not on thy sole, but on thy soul, harsh Jew/Thou mak’st thy knife keen.”What kind of figurative device is used in the above lines?（） A. Simile. B. Metonymy. C. Pun. D. Synecdoche.12.“If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?”is an epigrammatic line by（）.A. J. KeatsB. W. BlakeC. W. WordsworthD. P. B. Shelley13.The poems such as“The Chimney Sweeper”are found in both Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience byA. William WordsworthB. William BlakeC. John KeatsD. Lord Gordon Byron14.John Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress is often regarded as a typical example of（）.A. allegoryB. romanceC. epic in proseD. fable15.Alexander Pope strongly advocated neoclassicism, emphasizing that literary works should be judged by（）rules of order, reason, logic, restrained emotion, good taste and decorum.A. classicalB. romanticC. sentimentalD. allegorical16.In his essay“Of Studies,”Bacon said:“Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and（）.”A. skimmedB. perfectedC. imitatedD. digested17.“For I have known them all already, known them all—/Have known the evenings, mornings, afternoons,/I have measured out my life with coffee spoons.”The above lines are taken from（）.A. Wordsworth’s “The Solitary Reaper”B. Eliot’s“The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock”C. Coleridge’s“Kubla Khan”D. Yeats’s“The Lake Isle of Innisfree”18.(The)（）was a progressive intellectual movement throughout Western Europe in the 18th century.A. RomanticismB. HumanismC. EnlightenmentD. Sentimentalism 19.A typical Forsyte, according to John Galsworthy, is a man with a strong sense of（）, who never pays any attention to human feelings.A. moralityB. justiceC. propertyD. humor20.The typical feature of Robert Browning’s poetry is the （）.A. bitter satireB. larger-than-life caricatureC. Latinized dictionD. dramatic monologue21.George Bernard Shaw’s play, Mrs. Warren’s Profession is a grotesquely realistic exposure of the （）.A. slum landlordismB. political corruption in EnglandC. economic oppression of womenD. religious corruption in England22.The story starting with the marriage of Paul’s parents Walter Morel and Mrs. Morel must beA. Thomas Hardy’s Tess of the D’UrbervillesB. D.H. Lawrence’s Sons and LoversC. George Eliot’s MiddlemarchD. Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre23.In American literature the first important writer who earned an international fame on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean is（）. A. Washington Irving B. Ralph Waldo Emerson C. Nathaniel Hawthorne D. Walt Whitman24.The American novelist Nathaniel Hawthorne is known for his“black vision.”The term“black vision”refers toA. Hawthorne’s observation that every man faces a black wallB. Hawthorne’s belief that all men are by nature evilC. that Hawthorne employed a dream vision to tell his storyD. that Puritans of Hawthorne’s time usually wore black clothes25.Theodore Dreiser was once criticized for his（）in style, but as a true artist his strength just lies in that his style is very serious and well calculated to achieve the thematic ends he sought.A. crudenessB. eleganceC. concisenessD. subtlety26.“He is the last of the romantic heroes, whose energy and sense of commitment take him in search of his personal Grail; his failure magnifies to a great extent the end of the American Dream.”The character referred to in the passage is most likely the protagonist of（）.A. Fitzgerald’s The Great GatsbyB. Dreiser’s An American TragedyC. Hemingway’s For Whom the Bell TollsD. Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn27.Almost all Faulkner’s heroes turned out to be tragic because（）.A. all enjoyed living in the declining American SouthB. none of them was conditioned by the civilization and social institutionsC. most of them were prisoners of the pastD. none were successful in their attempt to explain the inexplicable28.Yank, the protagonist of Eugene O’Neill’s play The Hairy Ape, talked to the gorilla and set it free becauseA. he was mad, mistaking a beast for a humanB. he was told by the white young lady that he was like a beast and he wanted to see how closely he resembled the gorillaC. he was caged with the gorilla after he insulted an aristocratic strollerD. he could feel the kinship only with the beast29.In（）, Robert Frost compares life to a journey, and he is doubtful whether he will regret his choice or not when he is old, because the choice has made all the difference.A. “After Apple-Picking”B. “The Road Not Taken”C. “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening”D. “Fire and Ice”30.Though Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson were romantic poets in theme and technique, they differ from each other in a variety of ways. For one thing, whereas Whitman likes to keep his eye on human society at large, Dickinson often addresses such issues as（）, immortality, religion, love and nature.A. progressB. freedomC. beautyD. death31.The Romantic Writers would focus on all the following issues EXCEPT the（）in the Americanliterary history. A. individual feeling B. survival of the fittest C. strong imagination D. return to nature32.Generally speaking, all those writers with a naturalistic approach to human reality tend to be（）.A. transcendentalistsB. optimistsC. pessimistsD. idealists33.With Howells, James, and Mark Twain active on the literary scene,（）became the major trend in American literature in the seventies and eighties of the 19th century.A. SentimentalismB. RomanticismC. RealismD. Naturalism34.American writers after World War I self-consciously acknowledged that they were(a)“（）,”devoid of faith and alienated from the Western civilization.A. Lost GenerationB. Beat GenerationC. Sons of LibertyD. Angry Young Men35.In（）, Washington Irving agrees with the protagonist on his preference of the past to the present, and of a dream-like world to the real world.A. “Young Goodman Brown”B.“Rip Van Winkle”C. “Rappaccini’s Daughter”D.“Bartleby, the Scrivener”36.Hester Prynne, Dimmesdale, Chillingworth and Pearl are most likely characters in（）.A. The House of the Seven GablesB. The Scarlet LetterC. The Portrait of a LadyD. The Pioneers37.Like Nathaniel Hawthorne,（）also manages to achieve the effect of ambiguity through symbolism and allegory in his narratives.A. Mark TwainB. Henry JamesC. R. W. EmersonD. Herman Melville38.In his realistic fiction, Henry James’s primary concern is to present the（）.A. inner life of human beingsB. American Civil War and its effectsC. life on the Mississippi RiverD. Calvinistic view of original sin39.Which of the following is NOT a typical feature of Mark Twain’s writing style?（）A. Simple vernacular.B. Local color.C. Lengthy psychological analyses.D. Richness of irony and humor.40.Which of the following statements about E. Grierson, the protagonist in Faulkner’s story“A Rose for Emily,”is NOT true?（）A. She has a distorted personality.B. She is physically deformed and paralyzed.C. She is the symbol of the old values of the South.D. She is the victim of the past glory.PART TWO (60 POINTS)Ⅱ. Reading Comprehension (16 points, 4 for each) Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.41.“Words are like leaves; and where they most abound,Much fruit of sense beneath is rarely found”Questions:A. Identify the poem and the poet.B. What idea do the two lines express?42.“To be so distinguished, is an honor, which, being very little accustomed to favors from the great, I know not well how to receive, or in what terms to acknowledge.”Questions:A. Identify the work and the author.B. What is the tone of author?43.“‘Faith! Faith!’cried the husband. ‘Look up to Heaven, and resist the Wicked One.’”Questions:A. Identify the work and the author.B. What idea does the quoted sentence express?44.“We passed the School, where Children stroveAt Recess—in the Ring—We passed the Fields of Gazing Grain—We passed the Setting Sun—”Questions: A. Identify the poem and the poet.B. What do“the School,”“the Fields”and“the Setting Sun”stand for respectively?Ⅲ. Questions and AnswersGive brief answers to each of the following questions in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.45.As a rule, and allegory is a story in verse or prose with a double meaning: a surface meaning, and an implied meaning. List two works as examples ofallegory. What is the implied meaning an allegory is usually concerned with?46.“Let it not be supposed by the enemies of‘the system,’that during the period of his solitary incarceration, Oliver was denied the benefit of exercise, the pleasure of society, or the advantages of religious consolation.”What do you think Charles Dickens intends to say in the above ironic statement taken from Oliver Twist?47.Whitman has made radical changes in the form of poetry by choosing free verse as his medium of expression. What are the characteristics of Whitman’s free verse?48.Some of Hemingway’s heroes are regarded as the Hemingway code heroes. Whatever the differences in experience and age, they all have something in common which Hemingway values. What are the characteristics of the Hemingway code hero?Ⅳ. Topics for Discussion.Write no less than 150 words on each of the following topics in English in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.49.Elizabeth Bennet, the heroine in Pride and Prejudice, is often regarded as the most successful character created by Jane Austen. Make a brief comment on Elizabeth’s character.50.Take Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn as an example to illustrate the statement that Mark Twain was a unique writer in American literature.。
文学史完整——精选推荐
⽂学史完整1.American puritanism: a dominant factor in American life. It was one of the most enduring shaping influences in American thought and literature.The spirit :cool,sober(清醒)，2.Edward Tylor : Huswifery3.American Romaticism : initiative and independent4.Washington Irving: Rip Van Winkle, the legend of Sleepy Hollow5.James Fenimore Cooper: 边境⽣活先驱Leatherstocking6.Ralph Waldo Emerson(⽂化圣⼈) The American Scholar ————America’s Declaration of Intellectual Independence. (⽂学独⽴宣⾔）7.Henry David Thoreau:怪⼈Walden.8.Nathaniel Hawthorne: The Scarlet Letter, The House of the Seven Gables.Character:ambiguity9.Herman Mewille: Redburn, Moby Dick（百科全书式的⼩说）10.Edwards: Freedom of the Will, The Great Doctrine of original sin Defended , The Nature of True Virtue11.Franklin :Poor Richard’s Almanac and Autobiography(唯⼀⾃学成才的诗⼈self-made)1.American puritanism: a dominant factor in American life. It was one of the most enduring shaping influences in American thought and literature.The spirit :cool,sober(清醒)，2.Edward Tylor : Huswifery3.American Romaticism : initiative and independent4.Washington Irving: Rip Van Winkle, the legend of Sleepy Hollow5.James Fenimore Cooper: 边境⽣活先驱Leatherstocking6.Ralph Waldo Emerson(⽂化圣⼈) The American Scholar ————America’s Declaration of Intellectual Independence. (⽂学独⽴宣⾔）7.Henry David Thoreau:怪⼈Walden.8.Nathaniel Hawthorne: The Scarlet Letter, The House of the Seven Gables.Character:ambiguity9.Herman Mewille: Redburn, Moby Dick（百科全书式的⼩说）10.Edwards: Freedom of the Will, The Great Doctrine of original sin Defended , The Nature of True Virtue11.Franklin :Poor Richard’s Almanac and Autobiography(唯⼀⾃学成才的诗⼈self-made)1,chapter6Both Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson were American poets in theme and technique . In fact ,a handy way of seeing modern American poetry is to find its sources in the two founts ,Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson.Walt Whitman: <> . His <>is a repertory of his thought ,from a blade of “curling grass”the poet sees into the mystery of death and birth and concludes that “the smallest sprout shows there is really no death .”Emily Dickinson(宗教，爱情，永恒): Dickinson differs from Whitman in a variety of ways ,.for one thing ,Whitman seems to keep his eye on society at large ,Dickinson explores the inner life of the individual ，whereas Whitman is “national ”in hisoutlook ,Dickinson is “regional”By far the largest portion of Dickinson’s poetry concerns death and immortality .Chapter7Edgar Allan Poe 侦探⼼理⼩说的⿐祖:<>is an immediate success and his most enduring works .Chapter 8the age of realism , Howells and JamesWilliam Dean Howells：《the rise of silas lapham >>Henry James :main works <><> <> <><> <>国际主题：<> <>贡献：“the international ”: the meeting of American and Europe, American innocence in contact and contrast with Europe decadence ,and its moral and psychological complications, for the American it was a process of progression from inexperience to experience ,from innocence to knowledge and maturity . Chapter 9 Local Colorism . Mark TwainMark Twain⽂学贡献：将⽅⾔引⼊创作His first novel<>⾃传⼩说《life on the Mississippi》⼉童⼩说《the adventure of Tom Sawyer》<>Chapter 10Stephen Crane :<> <> 《the open boat》Frank Norris :<> <>Theodore Dreiser:欲望三部曲《the Financier》<><Chapter 12T.S.Eliot: The Waste Land (five parts:The Burial of the Dead;A Game of Chess;The Fir e Sermon;Death by Water;What the Thunder Said) The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock Lost Generation:Eliot ,Hemingway and FaulknerChapter 13Robert Frost:be invited to read his poem at President Kennedy' inauguration North of B oston ;The Road Not Taken Chapter 14F.Scott Fitzgerald:lived in the midst of the roaring twenties;the Jazz Age;The Beautiful and The Damned ,The Great Gatsby Ernest Hemingway:simple words,a Hemingway hero appears on the scene to learn live in grace under pressure .The Torrents of Spring ;The Sun Also Rises;A Farewell to Arms;The old and the Sea Icebergue StyleChapter 15William Faulkner:The Sound and the Fury his works have been termed the Yoknapatawpha sageChapter161.Anderson作品孤独异化的风格His masterpiece is Winesbburg, Ohio.2.Sinclair Lewis is the first American author to win the Nobel Prize for literature.Chapter17 The 1930s1.John Steinbeck——The Grapes of WrathChapter18Chapter19 American Drama1.Eugege O’neill ——He won the Nobel Prize for literature.Long Day’s Journey into Night is an autobiographical work.(《进⼊⿊夜的慢慢历程》，⾃传体,家庭悲剧)2.Elmer Rice ——The Adding Machine3.Arthur Miller——Death of a Salesman (《推销员之死》，家庭悲剧)Chapter20 Postwar Poetry1.Allen Ginsberg——Howl2.The Beat Generation——It resulted from the feeling of depression and exhaustion. Allen Ginsberg made his voice heard as the poet laureate of The Beat Generation.Chapter 23The Postwar Novel是荒诞形式荒诞内容Chapter 24Experimental writing: absurd, metafiction,avant-gardismJoseph Heller: Catch-22Kurt Vonnegut:Slaughterhouse-Five(antiwar novel)Vladimir Nabokov: Lolita ;Pale FireChapter 25Richard Wright:Native Son。
12.Whitman and Dickinson
• In the Preface to the 1855 edition of Leaves of Grass, Whitman says: “ The art of art, the glory of expression and the sunshine of the light of letters is simplicity. Nothing is better than simplicity.” “Song of Myself” is characterized by simplicity of simplicity, but also by art of art. The simplicity lies in the simple expression—the wording and the sentencing and the natural lining of the poem. The art lies in the varying rhythms of the poem---the ebb and flow of emotion within it the shift of mood, the alternation between moments of intensity and moments of relaxation. And the Preface says,” The messages of great poets to each man and woman are,…What we enclose you enclose, What we enjoy you may enjoy.” “Song of Myself” is filled with the passion of the pride of the poet himself and with the passion of the boldness of freedom. And the “I” in the poem, is Walt Whitman, is every American and is every human being. The passion of pride and boldness flows not only in words, but also from and in the sounds of the lines, powerful and torrential lines bursting out in succession.
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Whitman and Dickinson
• • • • • • • • • • • • • 3. Her Ideas Calvinism; Tragic in basic tone Death leads to immortality. Doubt; the loss of faith and the religious uncertainty 4. Themes: life, death, immortality, love, nature 5. Analysis of her masterpieces “My Life Closed Twice before its Close” (p.98) “Wild Nights – Wild Nights” (p.99) “Because I could not stop for Death” “I heard a fly buzz when I died”(p.99) “Death is a Dialogue between” (p.100) “A Narrow Fellow in the Grass” “I’ll tell you how the sun rose”
Whitman and Dickinson • 6. Dickinson’s Aesthetics • She holds that beauty, truth and goodness are ultimately one. • 7. Her poetic innovation • A. She broke free of the conventional iambic pentameter • B. She explored the inner life of the individual • C. She was regional (New Englander) • D. She was idiosyncratic in her frequent use of dashes and • unique use of capitals. • E. her concise, direct, and simple diction and syntax
Whitman and Dickinson • • • • • • • • 6. Masterpieces: “Song of Myself” “There was a Child Went Forth” “In Crossing Brooklyn Bridge” “Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking” (p.93) “When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloomed” (p.94) 7. Whitman’s Influence Whitman’s influence over modern poetry is great in the world as well as in America. His best work has become part of the common property of Western culture. • Many poets in England, France, Italy, and Latin America are in his debt, esp. by his optimism and innovation as a poet-prophet and poet-teacher. • T. S. Eliot, Pound, Hart Crane, Carl Sandburg
Whitman and Dickinson
• • • • • • • •
•
• • •
4. His ideas: “a catalog and great acceptor” A. Enlightenment, humanitarianism and cosmopolitanism C. Idealism and Transcendentalism D. German philosophy and Newtonian pantheism E. Jacksonian laissez-faire individualism and Civil War Unionism F. Emerson and Whitman: Emerson’s letter of praise of the first edition “the most extraordinary piece of wit and wisdom that an American has yet contributed” Whitman: “dear Master,” “I was simmering Emerson brought me to a boil” He shared many similar ideas with Emerson: America itself was a poem; the greatest poet is a seer, complete in himself. (P.90)
Whitman and Dickinson
3. The Publication of Leaves of Grass – Whitman’s lifetime literary endeavor A. The first edition of 12 poems in 1855 A stir – broke with the poetic convention – sexuality and exotic and vulgar language harsh criticisms on it: “noxious weeds”, “poetry of barbarism”, “a mass of stupid filth” B. Nine editions in all (1855, 56, 60, 67,71, 76, 81, 89, 91-92) Began to be celebrated with the fifth edition C. His deathbed edition containing all of his 400-odd poems
Whitman and Dickinson • II. Emily Dickinson (1830-1886)
• 1. Literary status • A secluded poetess • “Mother” of American Poetry and American Modern Poetry • 2. Life • a Calvinist family • Her father, a Whig lawyer and treasurer of Amherst College • Read widely such as the Bible, Shakespeare, Keats • Began writing seriously in her twenties • 1775 poems altogether, 7 published in her life
Whitman and Dickinson • 5. Whitman’s Poetic Experimentation
• He was a daring experimentalist who “broke the new wood” • He began to experiment around 1847 which lead to a complete break with traditional poetics. • Features: • A. parallelism or rhythmical unit (the Bible) • B. phonetic recurrence (systematic repetition of words and phrases) • C. his long catalogs of lines, his piling up of nouns, verbs, or adjectives, • Whitman broke free from the traditional iambi pentameter and wrote “free verse”.
Whitman and Dickinson
--- Romantic Poetry
Whitman and Dickinson
• Whitman and Dickinson • Similarities: Both of them were distinctively American poets in theme and technique. Both of them were part of American Renaissance. • A. Themes: both extolled in their different ways, an emergent America, its expansion, its individualism, and its Americanness. • B. Techniques: breaking free of the poetic tradition and pioneering American modernist poetry with their poetic innovation. • Differences: • A. Whitman kept his eye on society at large while Dickinson explored the inner life of the self and individual. • B. Whereas Whitman is national in his outlook, Dickinson is regional. • C. In formal terms, Whitman is characterized by his endless, allinclusive catalogs while Dickinson by her concise, direct, and simple diction and syntax.