6 定语从句

6 定语从句

I. 定语从句的分类：

1. In their class there are fifteen students who can speak English well.

2. In their class there are fifteen students, who can speak English well.

3. She has two sons who are P.L.A. men.

4. She has two sons, who are P.L.A. men.

II. 限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句的区别：

1、限定性定语从句必须和主句紧紧连在一起，不可分开；非限定性定语从句一般用逗号与主句隔开。

2、限定性定语从句的关系代词做宾语时，有时可以省略，而非限定性定语从句的关系代词不可以省略。

eg: This is the girl (whom) I met yesterday.

She sang a song, which we liked very much.

3、非限定性定语从句中的关系代词可以代表一个单词、词组或整个句子。

My bro ther lives in zhongshan, which is only two hours’ drive from here.

The English party , which was held in our school, was good.

He lost his bike, which made him unhappy.

III. 定语从句的基本结构：先行词+ 关系词+ 从句

关系代词有：who whom that whose which

关系副词有：when where why

IV. 修饰物体时关系代词that和which的区分

?使用that的情况：

?1、当先行词是nothing, something, anything, all, each等不定代词时。

?eg. Do you have anything that is important to tell me?

?2、当先行词被all, any, some, no, not, every, each等修饰时。

?eg. I have some books that are very good.

?3、当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时。

?eg. This is the first book that I bought myself.

?The biggest bird that I caught is this bird.

?4、当先行词被the very, the last, the next, the only 等词修饰时。

?eg. This is the very book that I lost yesterday.

?5、当先行词又有人又有物时。

?eg. I won’t forget the things and the persons that I saw.

?只能使用which的情况。

?1、非限制性定语从句中。

?eg. Mary has a book, which is very precious.

?2、在介词之后。

?eg. This is a house in which lives an old man.

?3、当主句中的主语被that修饰时。

?eg. That dog which I found in the street belongs to Mary.

?Fill in the blanks with suitable relative pronouns (which / that).

? 1. This is the only book ____ I got last year.

? 2. Is this the book in ____ you are interested?

? 3. This is the largest animal ____ Tom saw in the zoo.

? 4. Rose still remembers the trees and teachers____ exist (存在)in the mother school. ? 5. All the desks ____ are bought look really wonderful.

? 6. Do you have any money ____is used to build the factory?

?7. Tom has a toy, ____ was given by his father.

?8. This is the second watch ____ my father bought for me.

1that 2which 3that 4that 5that 6that 7which 8(that)

V. 修饰人时关系代词that 和who, whom的区分。

?先行词是one, ones, anyone, those时，宜用who;

?One who has nothing to fear for oneself dears to say truth.

?在There be开头的句字中，宜用who；

?There are many people who are against him.

?先行词指人，且关系代词前有介词时，只用whom;

?She is the girl whom / who I met at the party.

?She is the girl with whom I went there.

whose是代词的所有格，可指人也可指物。

I saw a woman whose hag was stolen.

Please show me the book whose cover is red.

Fill in the blanks with suitable relative pronouns (who / that).

1. Look at that lady ______ name is Polly.

A. who

B. whose

C. that

2. The girl ______ could sing well went to Europe.

A. who

B. whose

C. whom

3. Tom is the first boy _____ left the room.

A. who

B. that

C. which

4. Those ______ want to go to the Great Wall sign your name here.

A. that

B. whose

C. who

5. There is an old man ______ wants to see you.

A. who

B. that

C. whom

1B2A3A/B4C5A

VI.关系副词when, where, why 和介词+which之间的关系。关系副词when, where, why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。如：when=in/on/at…+which, where=in/on/at…+which, why=for+which介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。?eg. 1. I won’t forget the date when( on which) I was born.

? 2. This is the room where (in which) I lived. = This is the room which I lived in.

? 3. I don’t know the reason why (for which) he haven’t come today.

? 4. Tom still remembers the days when (in which) they lived in Tianjin.

Fill in blanks with why, where ,when.

1. The reason ______ I’m calling you is to invite you to a party .

2. This is the house _____ I worked two years ago.

3. I’ll never forget the day _____ I joined the army.

4. That was the year _______ I went to America.

5. This is the reason ________ I come here.

1why 2where 3when’4when 5why

Exercise:1. TOEFL is a test for students _____ native language is not English.(2000)

A. whose

B. that

C. of whom

D. for who

2. Much ____ I have read has been of little help to the problem.(2000)

A. what

B. that

C. which

D. as

3. I still remember the garden _____ my son could not tear himself away.(99 A. which B. where C. to which D. from which

4. In the dark street, t here wasn’t a single person ____she could turn for help.(92) A. to whom

B. who

C. from whom

D. that

5. She heard a terrible notice, _____ brought her heart into his mouth.(91)

A. it

B. which

C. this

D. that

6. I shall never forget those years _____ I lived in the country with the farmers, _____ has a great effect on my life.(94)

A. that; which

B. when; which

C. which; that

D. when; who

7. Alice received an invitation from his boos , ____ came as a surprise.(91 A. It B. that

C. which

D. he

8. Next week he will visit the airbase ____ he worked 25 years ago.

A. when

B. as

C. where

D. which

9. Mr. White took us to a small town, ____ he set up his first factory.

A. where

B. here

C. which

D. that

10. August 15,1999 is one of the greatest days in his life _____ he was accepted by a university.

A. while

B. that

C. which

D. when

11. I wonder if you know anybody ____ parents work at the airport.

A. whose

B. their

C. his

D. her

12. It was a cold winter night , and there wasn’t anyone ____ the boy could turn to for help.

A. that

B. which

C. whom

D. what

13. This is the only English-Chinese dictionary ____ could be found in the teacher’s reading-room.

A. what

B. it

C. which

D. that

14. She keeps her keys and money in the handbag ____she takes with her everywhere.

A. which

B. so

C. therefore

D. when

15. Our concert turned out to be a great success, ____ they had never expected.

A. what

B. that

C. when

D. which

16. The Yangze is the longest river in China, ____ which several bridges have been built recently.

A. onto

B. through

C. above

D. over

17. I’d like to join the tennis club _____ which my friend belongs.

A. to

B. for

C. with

D. in

18. He arrived late, _______ was annoying.

A. what

B. that

C. which

D. who

19. The weather turned out to be very good, _____ was more than we could expect.

A. what

B. which

C. that

D. it

20. I have to book ahead for the concerts _______ are usually held in London.

A. where

B. what

C. which

D. they

1ABBAB 6BCCAD 11ACDAD 16DACBC