实用翻译课程拆分合并正译反译答案

实用翻译课程拆分合并正译反译答案
实用翻译课程拆分合并正译反译答案

第四章拆分与合并

拆分

References

1.她希望不用好好学就可以通过考试, 这是不合逻辑的。

2.人类最终一定会解开UFO之迷,这一点是可以肯定的。

3.他们的婚姻是“老夫少妻”式的婚姻,最后吵得一塌糊涂,以离婚而告终。

4.我们尽力劝说他放弃错误的信念,但没有成功。

5.尽管有种种缺点,这个设计仍被认为最佳设计之一。

6.同中国加强合作,符合其他国家的利益。

7.她试了好几次,要帮他另找一所出租的房子,结果并未成功。

8.太阳是由气体或液体凝聚而成的团块,其表面温度约为10,000℃。(结构简洁,意义清晰)

9.物质具有一定的特征和特性,我们可以根据这些特征和特性来识别它们。

10.刹那间那匪徒开火了,打死了四名工人,打伤了另一名。这名工人后来也因伤势过重而

死去。

合并

References:

1.他们在一家人来人往的小餐馆里坐了下来。

2.就在早春突然下了一场大雪。

3.大运河从北京至杭州流经钱塘江汇入东海。

4.In the doorway lay at least a dozen of umbrellas of all sizes and colors.

5.The traditional Spring Festival was fast approaching, the first big event of the year, and

everyone was enthusiastically looking forward to it.

6.China’s water resources are unevenly distributed geographically, with 90 percent of the

surface water and over 70 percent of the underground water found in southern provinces.

7.They young couple were so poor that they could not afford such a house.

8.The university has fully revised the teaching project, which not only strengthens the teaching

of basic courses but also enriches and renews the contents of courses.

9.We will continue to develop friendly relations and cooperation with our Asian and European

partners and other countries in the world and work with them to build a world of harmony, durable peace and common prosperity.

10.Standing firm and proud among the nations of the world, China has become an ever stronger

force which no one can ignore.

第五章正译与反译

参考翻译:

正说反译:

1.我很长时间没有玩得这么痛快了。

2.我实在没有办法解开这道数学题。

3.他错过了末班车,不知道该怎么办。

4.那本书放在书架的最上层,他够不着。

5.我们相信,年轻一代一定不会辜负祖国的信任。

6.这男孩变得非常无礼,到了他父母都不能忍受的地步。

7.我没有学那项新技术。

8.你把这些书给他还不如烧毁了好。

9.她对英语文学一无所知。

10.那个懒惰的小孩不预习就去上课。

11.You can never be too careful about Chinese-English translation.

12.This sort of bacteria will not die until the temperature reaches 150℃.

13.People found the gate of that building was never open.

14.The doubt was still unsolved after his repeated explanations.

15.Man in general does not appreciate what he has until he lose it.

反说正译:

16.这些事情迟早要被人发现的。

17.我认为我们要求的事,他们都一一办到了。

18.她和她姐姐一样用工。

19.许多人认为首相辞职实际上是很丢人的。

20.在同一年里,两架美国空军的KC135飞机无影无踪地消失了。

21.Our PLA is worthy of being called a great army of the people.

22.Li Ming’s arrival two days in advance was beyond my expectation.

23.The train had left before they arrived at the railway station.

24.It’s beyond doubt that China has made brilliant achievements in aviation and space industry in

the past decades of years.

25.There was a moment of dead silence in the meeting hall.

其它一些否定句的翻译:

26.Not a fly nor a mosquito was found around here.

27.Under no circumstances should China be the first to use nuclear weapons.

28.Without knowledge of science and technology it is impossible to build socialism.

29.人类业已开发出最强大的解决问题的工具,这方面的知识极其可贵,应为人类所共享。

30.根据官方估计,大、中型企业的生产率到今年底将增加50%。这样显著的跃进时无论你

怎样赞扬也不为过的。

翻译技巧总结

翻译技巧总结 个人认为,翻译题很重要!考研是个充实自己的过程,只要你还需要英语,就离不开翻译,所以大家应该引起足够重视。 首先个人推荐一本书,XDF唐静老师的《拆分与组合翻译法》,我听过他的课,他的方法很实用,感觉很象下面介绍的第四种方法。 翻译题里考察三方面内容: 1、专有名词(如operational research expert)、习惯用法(如depend on)及多义词的翻译(如school、set的多义) 2、一般性翻译技巧:包括词义选择,词序调整,词性转换和增词法等等 3、具体句型(定从、状从、主从、宾从、表从、同位从、强调结构、并列、比较、倒装、插入、被动、否定等) 其中2、3是大考点,具体内容可在论坛下XDF的翻译笔记来看,在此不赘述。 可看出,应对翻译题的主要武器是翻译技巧,下面正式进入正题(常用方法、被动语态译法、形容词译法、举例详解) 一、常用方法 英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异,因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难,需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。常用的翻译技巧有增译法、省译法、转换法、拆句法、合并法、正译法、反译法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。这些技巧不但可以运用于笔译之中,也可以运用于口译过程中,而且应该用得更加熟练。 1增译法:指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式,在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子,以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多,而英语句子一般都要有主语,所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候,除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或“There be…”结构来翻译以外,一般都要根据语境补出主语,使句子完整。英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使用频率较高,凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时,必须在前面加上物主代词。因此,在汉译英时需要增补物主代词,而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示,而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此,在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外,在翻译时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语,以确保译文意思的完整。总之,通过增译,一是保证译文语法结构的完整,二是保证译文意思的明确。如: (1) What about calling him right away? 马上给他打个电话,你觉得如何?(增译主语和谓语) (2) If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations. 要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊!(增译主句) 中国政府历来重视环境保护工作。 The Chinese government has always attached great importance to environmental protection. (省译名词) 3转换法:指翻译过程中为了使译文符合目标语的表述方式、方法和习惯而对原句中的词类、句型和语态等进行转换。具体的说,就是在词性方面,把名词转换为代词、形容词、动词;把动词转换成名词、形容词、副词、介词;把形容词转换成副词和短语。在句子成分方面,把主语变成状语、定语、宾语、表语;把谓语变成主语、定语、表语;把定语变成状语、主语;把宾语变成主语。在句型方面,把并列句变成复合句,把复合句变成并列句,把状语从句变成定语从句。在语态方面,可以把主动语态变为被动语态。如:

常用翻译技巧:正译法和反译法

译国译民 专心翻译 做到极致 常用翻译技巧:正译法和反译法 正译法和反译法:这两种方法通常用于汉译英,偶尔也用于英译汉。所谓正译,是指把句子按照与汉语相同的语序或表达方式译成英语。所谓反译则是指把句子按照与汉语相反的语序或表达方式译成英语。正译与反译常常具有同义的效果,但反译往往更符合英语的思维方式和表达习惯。因此比较地道。如: (1) 在美国,人人都能买到枪。 In the United States, everyone can buy a gun. (正译) In the United States, guns are available to everyone. (反译) (2) 你可以从因特网上获得这一信息。 You can obtain this information on the Internet. (正译) This information is accessible/available on the Internet. (反译) (3) 他突然想到了一个新主意。 Suddenly he had a new idea. (正译) He suddenly thought out a new idea. (正译) A new idea suddenly occurred to/struck him. (反译) (4) 他仍然没有弄懂我的意思。 He still could not understand me. (正译) Still he failed to understand me. (反译) (5) 无论如何,她算不上一位思维敏捷的学生。 She can hardly be rated as a bright student. (正译) She is anything but a bright student. (反译) (6) Please withhold the document for the time being. 请暂时扣下这份文件。(正译) 请暂时不要发这份文件。(反译)

英汉翻译教程试题

高等教育自学考试冲刺模拟试卷一 (英语专业) 英汉翻译教程(三) Part One I.Multiple Choice Questions (30 points, 2 points for each)A. Directions: This part consists of ten sentences, each followed by four different versions marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is the closest equivalent to the original in terms of meaning and expressiveness. 1.For Britain our membership of the European Union and the World Trade Organization has brought this home. A.对英国来说,我们的欧盟成员和世界贸易组织成员身份把这带到了家。 B.对英国来说,我们参加欧盟和世界贸易组织把我们送到了家。 C.对我们英国来说,我们参加欧盟和世界贸易组织的经历使我们对这一点深有感触。 D.对我们英国来说,我们的欧盟成员和世界贸易组织成员身份使我们如鱼得水。 2.So now he contrived an eager, ingratiating smile, which he bestowed on Mr. Squires. A.因此他就装出急切的、迷人的笑,并投向史奎尔先生。 B.因此他就装出殷切的、拍马的笑,并把这笑赠予史奎尔先生。 C.因此他就对史奎尔先生装出一副殷勤、讨好的笑脸。 D.因此他就给史奎尔先生设计了一副殷勤、讨好的笑脸。 3. People disappear in that river every year, one of the policemen said to me that afternoon, half in dismay, half in frustration. A. 这条河里年年都有人消失,”当天下午警察中的一个以一种无可奈何的神气沮丧地对我说。 B. 这条河里年年都要死人,”当天下午一个警察半是沮丧,半是失意地对我说。 C. 这条河里年年都要死人,”当天下午一个警察以一种无可奈何的神气沮丧地对我说。 D. 年年都有人消失在这条河里,”当天下午警察中的一个半是沮丧,半是失意地对我说。 4. As recently as the early 1960s, the phrase environmental law ” would probably have produced little more than a puzzled look, even from many lawyers.

英语翻译正说反反说正译

英语翻译正说反反说正译

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第八章英翻译技巧(五)正说反译反说正译 正说反译、反说正译的应用 不论是正说反译还是反说正译,究其原因归纳起来主要是:保证语义明确、加强修饰效果、尊重汉语习惯,保证译文通畅易懂。 所谓反面表达,是指英语词句中含有“not”,“never”,“no”,“un-”,“im-”,“ir-”,“in-”,“less-”等否定成分,汉语词句中含有“不”、“没”、“无”、“未”、“甭”、“别”、“休”、“莫”、“毋”、“勿”、“非”等否定成份,不含这些成份的为正面表达。 (一)正说反译的应用 1.谓语动词或动词词组本身表示否定意义,常见的有:Fail, fizzle out, fall short, be frustrated, escape, elude, slip away, stop, cease, overlook, ignore, neglect, refuse, grudge(怨恨,不情愿做), disdain, reject, turn down, forbid, prohibit, exclude from, bar, ban, expire, be blind to, deny, avoid, omit, forget, prevent from, live up to, resist, miss, lack. I missed what you have said because of the noise outside.由于外面的噪音,我没听清楚你说的话。 To our disappointment, he failed to take the overall situation into account. 使我们失望的是他不顾大局。 Such a chance was denied to me.我没有得到这样一个机会。 2.介词或介词短语含否定之意,常见的词有: Above, against, below, beneath, beyond, instead of, out of, without, but for。 Learn how to be instead of do.要学习如何做人,而不是做事。 The question is above the five-yea-old boy.那个五岁的小孩不懂这个问题。 Out of sight, out of mind.眼不见,心不烦。 But for the storm,we should have arrived earlier.要是没有遇上暴风雨,我们会早到了。 All international disputes must be settled through negotiations instead of any armed conflicts. 一切国际争端应通过谈判而不是武装冲突来解决。 3、一些固定结构也是形式肯定,意思否定,例如absent (from), free from, safe from, different (from), far from, few, little,alien to,anything but, know better than(明白而不至于), too…to… , rather than,awkward(不熟练、不灵活、使用起来不方便),bad(令人不愉快的,不受欢迎的、不舒服的),blind to (看不到、不注意),dead(无生命的、无感觉的、不毛的),difficult(不容易的),foreign to(不适于,与……无关),short of(不足,不够),poor(不好的,不幸的),ignorant of(不懂) He knows better than to do such a thing.他不至于干这样的事。 His work is far from satisfactory.他的工作远远不能令人满意。 The problem is anything but easy.这个问题可决不容易。He is more brave than wise.他有勇无谋 4.含有if, before, unless,would rather 的从句或虚拟语气的句子,如: Jump down from the roof of the building. If you dare.我猜你也不敢从房顶上跳下来。 She will die of hunger before she steals.他宁愿饿死也小愿去偷。 I would rather die before I would betray my country.我宁可死,也不背叛我的祖国。 The troops would rather take a roundabout way than tread on the crops.部队宁可绕道走,也不踩庄稼。 5、许多英语习语从正面表达,习惯上却从反面加以翻译,如: He was utterly in the dark about what had happened in the department yesterday. 他对昨天系里发生的事全然不知。 Leave me alone!别管我!Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见。 Better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion.宁为鸡头,不做凤尾。 (二)反说正译的应用 1.双重否定 You cannot make omelettes without breaking eggs.有失才有得/不破不立 We must never stop taking an optimistic view of life. 我们对生活要水远抱乐观态度。 Nothing is impossible to a willing mind.有志者事竟成。

王治奎《大学英汉翻译教程》【笔记课后习题及翻译示例汇总考研真题详解】(文学翻译)

第18章文学翻译 18.1 复习笔记 一、文学翻译的标准 对于文学翻译的要求是,“用另一种语言,把原作的艺术意境传达出来,使读者在读译文的时候能够像读原作时一样得到启发、感动和美的感受”。 钱钟书把文学翻译的最高标准概括为一个“化”字。 二、文学翻译的过程 借鉴茅盾的有关解释,把文学翻译过程分为三个阶段: (1) 理解阶段; (2) 印证阶段; (3) 表达阶段。 在表达阶段强调的内容是: (1) 必须使用文学语言; (2) 尽量保持原作风格; (3) 力求内容和形式的辩证统一。 三、文学翻译须使用文学语言 这里仅介绍英文小说翻译的几个侧面:

1. 文学语言具有准确、形象、生动、自然等特征,译者应根据原作的艺术意境和语言特色,在译文里寻找适当的语言形式,使之文情并茂。 Daffodils all along the hedgerow swung like yellow, ruffled birds on their perches. 清风徐徐,沿灌木篱笆旁的水仙花轻轻地摇摆着,颇似栖息的鸟儿掀动着金黄色羽毛。 2. 运用娴熟的汉语,再现人物语言的形象化和个性化,使译文产生“如闻其声,如见其人”的艺术效果。 “Say, some tenderness, that!” This is reference to a smile or a melting glance on the part of a female. “唷,瞧那样多温存!”这说的是一位女性的嫣然一笑,或者回眸传情。 3. 凭借自己的审美体验,深刻理解原作的艺术美,进而形神兼备地再现这种艺术美。 四、加强文学翻译的基本功训练 有兴趣于或有志于从事文学翻译的青年,可在课内外分门别类地选做一些练习,以集中提高某些方面的表述能力。 18.2 课后习题详解 将下列英文译成汉语: 1. One morning, in the fall of 1880, a middle-aged woman, accompanied by a young girl of inquiry as to whether there was anything a- bout the place that she could do. She was of a helpless, fleshy build, with a frank, open countenance and

郭著章《英汉互译实用教程》(第4版)教材配套题库-第5章 翻译常用的八种技巧【圣才出品】

第5章翻译常用的八种技巧 5.1 重译法 一、英译汉 1. It may seem strange to put into the same packet an industrial revolution and two political revolutions. But the fact is that they were all social revolutions. 【译文】把一场工业革命同两次政治革命归作一类似乎有点奇怪,但事实上这三次革命都是社会革命。 2. Two things are outstanding in the creation of the English system of canals, and they characterise all the Industrial Revolution. 【译文】在修建英国的运河网的过程中,有两点是非常突出的,而这两点也正是整个工业革命的特点。 3. The canals were arteries of communication: they were not made to carry pleasure boats, but barges. 【译文】运河是交通的动脉,开运河不是为了走游艇,而是为了通行驳船。 4. James Brindley was a pioneer in the art of building canals or, as it was then called, ‘navigation’. 【译文】布林德雷是开凿运河的先驱者,当时人们把开凿运河叫做navigation。

5. Several factors accounted for this extraordinary achievement. One was the expansion into the west. Another was the application of machinery to farming. 【译文】取得这一特殊成就有几方面的原因:第一个原因是向西部的扩展,第二个原因是机器在农业上的应用。 6. …for the establishment of agricultural and industrial colleges. These were to serve both as educational institutions and as centers for research in scientific farming. 【译文】……以便建立农业和工业学院。这些学校一方面是教育机关,另一方面,也是农业科学的研究中心。 7. …This is nothing li ke back home in Colorado. We have rains there, too. Thunderstorms in spring and summer... 【译文】……这跟家乡科罗拉多的情况迥然不同。科罗拉多也下雨。春夏两季雷雨交加……【解析】原文第二句用there代替in Colorado,而译文重复“科罗拉多”。 8. The world watches. The world listens. The world waits to see what we will do. 【译文】全世界在注视着。全世界在倾听着。全世界在等待着看我们将做些什么。 9. As you said in your toast, the Chinese people are a great people, the American people are a great people.

《新英汉翻译教程》第三章课后答案.doc

is reminded by the matter in hand of a hundred things, he will, unless he has great self-control, load his pages with metaphor and simile? 我认为,如果一个人思路不清,他写文章也困惑,如果他喜怒无常的文章就会荒诞不经;如果他思想敏捷,和能,由眼前的事情,他将一百件事情,除非他有很大的自我控制、负荷在文章中隐喻和明喻。 I sincerely hope that your congratulations will be matched by your collective endeavour to seek a just and practical solution to the problem which has bedeviled the United Nations for so many years? 我真诚地希望你的祝贺将相媲美的集体努力追求公正和实际解决问题的困扰,联合国己经多年了。 Culture to him, as to the Orientals3 with whom he lived so much and sympathized so deeply, was an affair of the spirit and of mind not to be measured by material progress, or, even by the arts. 文化,在东方人,和他一起住这么多,深深同情的事情,是灵,可以不可以通过衡量物质进步、或,即使是艺术。 With Asia s economic meltdown rattling the Beijing leadership, Zhu and his colleagues now have a powerful argument that China must get its own house in order to prevent meddling by the International Monetary Fund or other outsiders?(China: Zhu is Taking a Broom to the Bureaucrats 与亚洲经济危机年代震动了北京的领导下,朱和他的同事们现在有一个强有力的论点,中国必须得到它的自己的房子为了防止干涉国际货币基金组织或其他外人。(中国:朱正在一个扫帚官僚扌宜权 that woman walks the streets? 那个妇女常在那些街上走 Bill is taking his bird to the pictures tonight. 比尔今晚带着他的女朋友去看电影。 He is not so ill but that he can come to school ?

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