情态动词+完成时

情态动词+完成时
情态动词+完成时

情态动词+完成时的特殊含义

情态动词和动词原型连用,多表示对目前或将来情况的看法或态度,但情态动词和完成时连用时,多用来表示对过去情况的看法或态度。

1. should+have+过去分词表示过去“本应该┅”。而实际上该动作并未做,暗示说话人对自己的责备,抱怨或遗憾的意思。

We should have cut away the jungle brush.

我们本应该把丛林的灌木砍掉。

How I regretted the days when I had played and should have studied.

我多么懊悔我把本应该好好学习的日子都玩掉了。

Shouldn’t+have+过去分词表示过去“本不应该┅”而实际上做了的动作。

You shouldn’t have told anyone about it.

你本来不应该告诉任何人。

They shouldn’t have left so soon..

他们本来不应该去得那么早。

2. ought to + have + 过去分词表示过去“本应该。。。”而实际上未做。相当于“should + have + 过去分词” You ought to have helped him.

你应该帮他一把。

You ought to have returned these books to the school library last week.

上周你就应该把这些书还给学校图书室。

否定形式oughtn’t to + have + 过去分词= shouldn’t + have +过去分词

eg. You oughtn’t to have taken his umbrella away.

你不该把他的伞拿走。

He oughtn’t to have been there.

他本不应该到那去。

3. must + have + 过去分词表示对过去情况的推测,译成“一定,相必,可能”。

What a challenge I must have been to this young teacher.

对这位年轻教师来说,教我这样的学生一定是个巨大的挑战。

Since the ditch is full of water, it must have rained last night.

因为沟里涨满了水,昨晚一定下雨了。

表示对过去情况的否定推测时。要用“can’t (couldn’t) + have + 过去分词”,一般不用“mustn’t + have + 过去分词”。

Joe can’t have left. I saw him just now.

乔不可能离开,刚才我还看见他了。

The party couldn’t have been successful as you had hoped.

舞会不可能象你希望的那样成功。

“must + have + 过去分词”表示对过去情况推测时,反意疑问句用have (has), 有明确表示过去时间的状语(before 除外)反意疑问句用did.

He must have finished his homework, hasn’t he?

他准把作业做完了。对吗?

He must have attended the meeting yesterday evening, didn’t he?

他昨晚上肯定参加会议了,是吗?

4. may (might) + have + 过去分词表示对过去情况的推测。用might + have + 过去分词可以用于肯定句,否定句,但不用于疑问句

In return I may have been able to teach you a little about medical technique.

作为报答,我也许教给了你们一点点医疗技术。

Might he have been caught and killed?

他有可能被抓住杀掉吗?

Might + have + 过去分词也能表示对过去的事情的可能性的推测,有“本应该。。。”,但未实现的动作,含有婉转责备的意思。

You might have listened to me while I was talking to you.

我对你讲话时,你应该认真听才对。

You might have let me know before you went out.

外出之前,你应该先告诉我。

5. can (could) + have +过去分词表示对过去情况的推测。“can + have + 过去分词”一般多用于疑问句和否定句,不用于肯定句。

Can he have gone yesterday?

难道他昨天就已经走了吗?

They can’t have lost themselves in the woods, because I drew a map to them.

他们不可能在森林中迷路,因为我给他们画了一张画。

Bill couldn’t have gone home this weekend. I saw him at the school ground this morning.

本周末贝尔不可能回家,今天下午我还在学校操场上看见他了。

“Can (could) + have + 过去分词” 也表示过去“本应该。。。”而未做。。。

John could have read his assignment while he waited for the doctor.

约翰在等医生的时候应该看一下他的作业。

Mary can’t have gone to school. It’s Sunday.

玛丽不可能去上学,今天是星期天。

在表示对过去某事的推测时,可用could/ might / may + 完成时。

They could/might/may have heard the news from smith.

他们也许从史蜜斯那儿听到了这个消息。

6. need + have +过去分词表示过去“没有必要做”,有责备的意思。否定形式表示“做了本不应该。。。”的事Need you have watched TV last night?

你昨晚有必要看电视吗?

You needn’t have woken me up so early. It’s Sunday today.

你没有必要这么早就叫醒我,(因为)今天是星期天。

7. would + have + 过去分词表示“本应该。。。”,而未。。。

We would have argued with you.

我们当时应该与你们争辩一下。

另外:would like to have + 过去分词表示过去希望做。。。,但未。。。

I would like to have seen the film.

我希望我当时看了这部电影。

I would like to have met her.

情态动词与虚拟语气

情态动词与虚拟语气 【语法要点】 情态动词 所谓情态动词是指它含有一定的含义,可以表达某种感情和说话的语气,但是它不可以单独使用 作谓语动词。学习情态动词主要学习英语国家的语言习惯和表达法,特别是在口语中不要过分追求原理,更不要不根据说话场合而进行推理,编造出一些语法结构正确的中文式英语。 一、情态动词的类型 1.只作情态动词的有:must、can、could、may、might、ought to 2.既可作情态动词又可作实义动词的有:need、dare 3.既可作情态动词又可作助动词的有:shall、should、will、would 二、情态动词的特征 1.表示说话人的情感态度,不能单独作谓语,与行为动词或连系动词一起作谓语。 2.情态动词没有人称和数的变化,后接动词原形。 3.具有助动词的特征:可用来构成否定句、疑问句或简短答语。 三、情态动词的用法 1.表示能力 (1)表示现在的能力,用can 或be able to。表示一般的能力时多用can,表示“经过努力成功 的做成某事”用be able to。 (2)表示过去的能力,用could或was/were be able to。区别同上。 (3)表示将来的能力,用will be able to。 2.表示推测、可能性 (1)can 用在肯定句中表示客观的可能性,而不表示具体事情实际发生的可能性。 例如:Accidents can happy on such rainy days. (2)表示具体事情实际发生的可能性的情态动词,其表示可能性的层次如下表: 情态动词肯定式否定式疑问式 must 必定、必然、一定 will 很可能、大概不会、不该会,,吗? would 可能性较will 小不会、不该(较won’t 弱)会,,吗?(较will 弱) should 应该会、理应(表示合乎理想的情况或结果) ought to 与should 同义 can 一定不会、不可能(否定推测)有可能吗? could 可疑的可能不可能(与can’t 同义)有可能吗?(较can 弱)may 或许、可能、说不定可能不 might 或许、可能(较may 弱)可能不(较may not 弱) 注意→(1)may,must 常用于肯定句,一般不用于否定句和疑问句。 (2)can 常用于否定句,疑问句和感叹句中,表示疑惑、惊讶或不相信等意思。could 既可用于肯定句,又可用于否定句、疑问句中。

(完整word版)情态动词讲解及练习题

情态动词 一.情态动词基本用法 1.? can和could,用在否定句和疑问句中,表示惊讶,用在否定句和疑问句中。 How could you do such a silly thing? ?cannot....too/enough 表示“无论...也不过分,越...越好”。 You can’t be too careful while driving? 2.may和might的区别 ?表示许可、可能性、祝愿等意义,might比may更委婉。 A:给别人许可时。-May I play basketball this afternoon? B:may/might as well+动原,“最好,倒不如”。 表示禁止。 ?may作“可以”讲时,疑问句回答用mustn’t/can’t 3. Must的用法 ?表示禁止(用于否定中) You mustn’t smoke in the bedroom. ?表示偏执、固执 -Could I have a word with you,mum? -Oh dear,if you must. ?must的否定回答 A:作必须讲时,疑问否定回答用don’t have to,needn’t B:推测,一定讲时,回答用can’t. 表禁止。 C:mustn’t 委婉) --May I use your car? --No, you mustn’t./ -Sorry,you’d better not.(注意:must强调内在职责,而have to 强调迫于外界压力,不得已而为之。 4 .shall的用法 ?一、三人称征求意见时。请求对方时。Shall we begin our class? ?二,三人称陈述句中,说话人给对方的命令,警告、允诺或威胁。 You shall not get my support if you do such a thing. 5.will和would的区别 ?自愿主动提出,如:意志、愿望或决心,would 过去,will not表示拒绝。 I have told him again and again to stop smoking,but he will not listen. ?will习惯性动作,有“总是”或“总要”之意。 Everything he will have a walk along this year. ?would过去习惯性动作,比used to 正式。 Last year our English teacher would sometimes tell us stories in English after Class. ?used to do 过去常,过去一直------只表示过去。 用来”/be used to doing习惯于-----可表过、现或将。 be used to do “ 6.dare表示敢于情态:dare do Dare you go home along? 及物:dare to do Do they dare to say what she thinks? 7.need用法情态:need do 及物need to do表示主动 need doing 被动My overcoats needs washing.

情态动词+完成时的语法意义(二)

情态动词+完成时的语法意义(二) 三、can/could have done的用法 1.can/could have done表示“对过去的可能性推测”,could的语气较can弱。 该结构表推测时无肯定式,一般用于否定句和疑问句。否定句表示“过去不可能发生过某事”,它是must have done的否定式;疑问句表示“过去可能发生过某事吗”。例如: He can’t have forgotten it.他不可能已忘记此事。 Can he have gone to his aunt’s? 他有可能到他姑姑家去了吗? I saw Mr. Zhang just now and he couldn't have gone to Beijing.我刚才看见张先生了,他不可能去了北京。 Why does he know this? Could someone have told him about it? 他怎么知道? 会是哪个人告诉他了吗? We could not have heard them because of the noise from the river. 由于有河水声我们不能听见他们的话。 Can he have left already? 他会已经离开了吗? They can’t have gone out because the light is on. 他们不可能出去了,因为灯还亮着。 注意:在非正式英语或口语中,偶见到could have done也可用于肯定句,表示推测: She could have forgotten to tell him. 她可能忘记告诉他了。 Tom could have taken the money; he was here alone yesterday. 有可能是汤姆把钱拿走了,昨天他单独一个人在这里呆过。 In the example mentioned above, either method of construction could have been used.在上面提到的例子中,两种建造方法均可能用过。

动词时态和语态及情态动词

2016高考分类汇编动词的时态和语态及情态动词 1.【2016·北京】21.Jack ________ in the lab when the power cut occurred. A. works B. has worked C. was working D. would work 【答案】C 考点:考查时态 【名师点睛】 一、过去进行时的构成:was/were+动词的现在分词(--ing) 二、过去进行时的用法: 1、表示在过去某时刻正在进行或发生的动作,通常与表过去的时间壮语连用。 例如:At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp. 昨天这个时候,我正在收拾东西去露营。 2、表移动的动词,如come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等词的过去进行时,可以表示过去将要发生的动作。 例如:She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday. 她告诉我她将去海南度假。 3、在含有时间状语从句的复合句中,表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生之后,另一个动作正在进行。 例如:It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时,正下着雨。 When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.我到达山顶时,阳光灿烂。 4、在叙述或描写过去的事情时,过去进行时经常与其它过去时态,特别时是一般过去时连用。但是过去进行时往往是表示背景。 例如:One night, he was typing in his study. Suddenly, a man broke into his house and cut off the electricity. 一天晚上,他正在书房里打字。突然,一个人闯进屋来,切断了电源。 2.【2016·北京】2 3. —Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for? —The new Star Wars. We ________ here for more than two hours. A. waited B. wait C. would be waiting D. have been waiting 【答案】D 【解析】

情态动词have_done

情态动词+have+done是历年高考的重点和难点之一,现将其用法总结归纳如下: 一、must+have+done表示对过去事情的肯定推测,译成“一定做过某事”,该结构只用于肯定句. 1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了,因为地面还是湿的 2. You must have been mad to speak to the servant.你和仆人说话,一定是发疯了 二、“can't+have+done”表示对过去事情的否定推测,译成“不可能做过某事”。 1. Mr. Smith can't have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now. 史密斯先生不可能去北京了,我刚才还在图书馆见过他。 2.Mary can't have stolen your money. She has gone home.玛丽不可能偷你的钱,她回家去了 三、“can+have+done”表示对过去行为的怀疑,用于疑问句,译成“可能做过……吗?”。 1.There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out?屋里没有灯,他们可能出去了吗? 2. There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone? 到处找不到他们,他们可能到什么地方去呢? 四、could+have+done’是虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是本来能够做某事而没有做. He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless.本来他能通过考试,但他太粗心 五、“may+have+done”表示对发生过的事情的推测,意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”,用于肯定句中。—What has happened to George? —I don't know. He may have got lost. —乔治发生了什么事? —我不知道,他可能迷路了。 六、“might+have+done”表示对过去事情的推测,might 与may意思相同,但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。 1. He might have given you more help, even though he was busy. (MET90) 他或许会多给你一些帮助,即使他很忙。 2. She might have achieved greater progress, if you had given her more chances. 如果你多给她点机会,她可能已经取得更大的成绩。 七、“would+have+done”虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是“本来会做”。 1. I would have told you all about the boy's story, but you didn't ask me. 我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事,但是你没有问我。 2. Without your help, I wouldn't have achieved so much. 没有你的帮助,我是不会取得如此大的成绩。 八、“should+have+done”意思是“本来应该做某事,而实际没做。” “shouldn't+have+done”表示本来不应该做某事,而实际做了.含有指责对方或自责的含意 1. Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday. 汤姆,你太懒惰了,这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。 2. Look, Tom is crying. I shouldn't have been so harsh on him. 看,汤姆哭了,我本来不应该对他如此严厉。 九、“ought to+have+done”表示过去应该做而实际并没有做,译成“理应做……”,往往表示遗憾。与 “should+have+done”用法基本一样。 I ought to have gone home last Sunday. 我理应上星期日回家。 You ought not to have given him more help. 你不应该帮助他那么多。 十、“need+have+done”表示本来需要做某事而没有做。“needn't+have+done”则表示“本来不需要做某事而做了”。 I needn't have bought so much wine—only five people came. 我本来没有必要买这么多酒,只来了五个人。 He need have hurried to the station. In that case, be wouldn't have missed the train. 他本来需要快点去车站,那样的话,他就不会误了火车。 “情态动词+have done”表示对过去情况的推测或估计,是历年高考的热点。 1.should (ought to) have+过去分词 表示过去应该做而(实际)没有做的事情,含有责备或遗憾的语气,意为“本应该……”;其否定形式为“should not /ought not to have+过去分词”,表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。 Mr. White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting , but he didn’t’ show up.(04’广西卷) A.should have arrived B.should arrive C.should have had arrived D.should be arriving [解析]本题中的一个关键词but暗示了“Mr. White按道理理应到了,而他没有到”.故答案选[A] 2.needn’t have+过去分词表示过去没有必要做某事, 但实际上做了某事。 As you worked late yesterday, you_________ have come this morning.(06’陕西卷) A. mayn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t [解析] He needn't have come,表示“他本没有必要来(实际却来了)”,根据句意,答案应选[D]。 [注意] He didn't need to come yesterday,意为“他昨天没有必要来(实际也没来)”。 3.must have+过去分词用于肯定句,表示‘过去一定做过某事’,表示一种很有把握的推测 [注意] 对过去发生情况的否定推测常用can’t/couldn’t have +过去分词。 I have lost one of my gloves. I ________ it somewhere .(05’北京春季) A. must drop B. must have dropped C. must be dropping D. must have been dropped [解析]本题应选B。本题的前一句说明一个结果,后一句则表示一个原因。 I ____have been more than six years old when the accident happened.(05’天津卷) A. shouldn't B. couldn't C. mustn't D. needn't [解析]从题意上分析,本题的前一句陈述一个理由,后一句则是由前一句得出的结论。故本题选[b] 。 4.may/might have+过去分词表示对过去情况的一种不太有把握的可能性推测,表示“过去可能/大概已做了某事”;否定句表示“过去可能还没有做某事”。 We have proved great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years. (06’天津卷) A. needn’t B. may not C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t Key:[b] 5.can/could have+过去分词 表示“过去本来可以做某事,但实际上没有做”;否定句表示“不可能已做了某事”;疑问句表示“可能/也许已做了某事吗?”。 --- I stayed at a hotel while in New York . --- Oh, did you? You ____with Barbara. A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed Key: [A] 巩固性练习:从A、B、C、D中选择最佳答案。 1.---You didn’t wait for Mr. Smith last night, did you? ---No, but we ______. He didn’t return home at all. A. couldn’t have waited B. needn’t have C. didn’t need to D. should wait 2.Harry ______ have won the Physics competition easily yesterday, but he gave up. A. could B. might C. should D. must 3.---May I speak to your manager Mr. Smith at six o’clock tonight ?” 1

情态动词

情态动词和虚拟语气 (一)情态动词modal verbs (mood) (1) Will, would, shall, should, can, could, may, might, must, ought to (should) (2) need, dare, be able to , have to ,ought to , had better ( semi-modal verbs 半情态动词) will (1) Will you please sit down? (2) I will have nothing to do this matter. (3) I will not let my parents down. (4) Roses will blossom in June. (5) Boys will be boys. (6) No one will leave the examination room before 12 o’clock. Would (1)He knew he would be late. (2)When he was young he would walk in these woods. (3) Would you kindly sent me address? (4)The person you mentioned would be her father. (5) She would be stupid not to accept. (6)If I were a man, I would take the challenge. (Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气) (7)If I had seen the advertisement, I would have applied for the job.(Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气) (8) She worried for fear that her child would be hurt. (9) I would be only to glad to help. I’d love a coffee. I’d prefer to go by plan. I would rather have the blue. I would sooner go home. Shall I shall go to school next Monday. What time shall I come? In the rules, it says that a player shall be sent off for using bad language. Should (1) The police should do something to fight against the terrorists. (2) She advised that we should keep the gate locked. ( agree, arrange, ask, command, determine, order, advocate, propose, stipulate, suggest) It advisable that everyone should have map. It is better that he should hear from you. It is essential that he should be prepared for this. It is only right that she should have a share. It is his suggestions that I should be come round to see you. (3)I find it quite astonishing that he should be so rude to you. I can’t think why she should have done such disgusting deeds. (4)He wore a mask so that on one should recognize him.( in case, lest) (5)He should have arrived by now. (6) You shouldn’t have trusted him so easily. (Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气) If he had asked me, I should(would) have helped her. Can Can you help me with the box? Scotland can be very cold. (有时候) This can’t be Mary- she is in hospital. (推测,否定) She can’t be telling the truth. You can’t smoke here. Could He said he couldn’t come. Could you show me the way? Could you have been waiting so long? You could get into university if you applied. I could have earned lots of money if I had worked hard. (Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气)

情态动词(讲义及答案)

情态动词(讲义) 一、can, could, may, might 表示请求许可 1.区别 Can I take the book away? Could I take the book away? May I take the book away? Might I take the book away? 语气的委婉程度从高到低为 can, could, may, might。 2.can, could, may, might 表示请求许可时的回答。 —Can you give me another chance? —Yes, I can. No, I can’t. —Could I look at your pictures? —Yes, of course you ./—I am sorry you . 用could 提问,表示“能……吗?”,若表示同意用 can,不同意 用can’t,注意不用 could 来回答。 —May I speak to you for a moment in private, please? May 表示请求许可时,常常与第一人称 I 连用,构成“May I…?”句式,表示“我可以……吗?” 肯定回答用 Yes, you may. / Yes, please. / Yes, of course. 否定回答用N o, you can’t. / No, you mustn ’t. ( )—May I smoke here? —, you . It can be dangerous. A.Yes; can B. No;can’t C. Yes; may D. No; needn’t Might I come in? Might I borrow some money? might 用于礼貌的询问是否能做某事,常出现在口语中,用法稍 显过时。 肯定回答通常用 may,否定回答可以用 can’t 或者 mustn’t。 练习: ( )—Can I get you a drink?—. I am not thirsty. A.That’s very nice of you B. No,you don’t have to C. Yes, please D. With pleasure ( )—May I leave the classroom now? 1 —No, you . You shouldn’t leave until the bell rings.

情态动词句型转换

Wandeln Sie die S?tze durch Modalverben um 1.Er hat F?higkeit, vier Sprachen zu sprechen. 2.Gestern war es mir nicht m?glich zu kommen, weil ich pl?tzlich Besuch bekomme. 3.Er ist verpflichtet, seine Schulden schon morgen zu bezahlen 4.Es besteht die M?glichkeit, ausreichende Deutschkenntnisse zu haben. 5.Es ist verboten, dass man bei Rot die Stra?e zu überqueren. 6.Es ist nicht erlaubt, inns Ausland einzureisen, wenn man kein Visum hat. 7.Ich habe den Wunsch, ihn kennen zu lernen. 8.Er hat vor, seinen Urlaub in China zu verbringen. 9.Der Arzt hat gesagt: ,,Kommen Sie nüchtern zur Untersuchung. 10.Der Lehrer verlangt von seinen Studenten, die übersetzung heute abzugeben. 11.Es ist m?glich, dass er den Mord begangen(犯,做) hat. 12.Es w?re denkbar, dass aus den Jungen noch ganz normale Bürger werden. 13.Ich halte es für nicht ausgeschlossen, dass das gest?rte Verh?ltnis zu ihren Eltern an allem schuld ist. 14.Wahrscheinlich gibt es in 100 Jahren auf der Erde kein Erd?l mehr. 15.Ich vermute dass er einen neuen Motor bekommen hat. 16.Wir denken, dass sie die Probezeit bestanden hat. 17.Die jungen Leute werden sich wohl schon ?fters über diese Probleme gesprochen haben. 18.Ich glaube , Karl meint das nichr ernst. 19.Wie alt sch?tzt du dieses Auto? 20.Er ist bei Kriegsende vielleicht 18 gewesen. 21.Ganz gewi? haben die Lebensgewohnheiten der Eltern einen schlechten Einflu? auf die S?hne gehabt. 22.Er hat sicher wieder überstunden gemacht. 23.Mein Vater hat das Geld bestimmt schon abgeschickt. 24.Soweit ich beurteilen kann, ist das neue W?rterbuch schon erschienen. 25.Erspricht und versteht kaum ein Wort Englisch. Er behauptet,er habe einige Jahre in London gewohnt. 26.Sie behauptet,dass sie nichts von dem Unfall bemerkt hat/habe/h?tte. 27.Er gibt an, im Konservatorium schon 4 Jahre Musik studiert zu haben. 28.Man spricht davon, dass Fritz das Studium aufgibt 29.Ich habe geh?rt, dass Kaiserin Elisabeth sehr sch?n war/gewesen sei. 30.Man sagt,dass jeder vierte gro?e Komponist in Wien gelebt hat. a. 情态动词的一些替换形式 sich lassen + Inf. = ( k?nnen + PII. + werden) haben + zu + Inf. = (müssen + PII. + werden) sein + zu+ Inf. = ( müssen, sollen 或k?nnen + PII. +werden) b. 情态词和它的替换形式 m?glicherweise, kaum, vielleicht, wahrscheinlich, ...

情态动词+完成时讲解学习

情态动词+完成时

情态动词+完成时 (modal verbs + have + past participle) 情态动词和动词原型连用,表示对目前或将来情况的看法或态度 情态动词和完成时连用时,表示对过去情况的看法或态度。 1. should+have+过去分词表示过去“本应该┅”,实际上是说话人在表达责 备,抱怨或遗憾的意思。 We should have cut away the jungle bush. 我们本应该把丛林的灌木砍掉。 How I regretted the days when I had played and should have studied. 我多么懊悔我把本应该好好学习的日子都玩掉了。 s houldn’t+have+过去分词表示过去“本不应该┅”而实际上做了的动作。 You shouldn’t have told anyone about it. 你本来不应该告诉任何人。 They shouldn’t have left so soon. 他们本来不应该去得那么早。 2. ought to + have + 过去分词表示过去“本应该┅”,相当于“should + ha ve + 过去分词” You ought to have helped him. 你本应该帮他一把。 You ought to have returned these books to the school library last week. 上周你就应该把这些书还给学校图书室。 否定形式oughtn’t to + have + 过去分词= shouldn’t + have +过去分词eg. You oughtn’t to have taken his umbrella away. 你不该把他的伞拿走。 He oughtn’t to have been there.

2018年高考英语分类汇编 - 动词的时态和语态及情态动词

2018年高考及最新模拟分类汇编之动词的时态和语态及情 态动词 2018年高考动词的时态和语态及情态动词 1.【2018·北京】1. —Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here? I haven’t seen you around? —Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just _________ on Monday. A. start B. have started C. started D. had started 【答案】C 【解析】考查时态。句意:——嗨,我是彼得。你是新来的吗?我没有在附近见过你。——你好,彼得。我是鲍勃。我周一刚刚开始住在这儿。根据两人谈话内容可知,Bob现在在这儿,他开始(start)住在这儿是发生在周一的事情,周一是一个过去的时间,故该句应用一般过去时态,C选项正确。 点睛:一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态或过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用,如:yesterday,last week,in the past,in 2017,once,a few days ago等。 2.【2018·北京】4. Susan had quit her well-paid job and _________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year. A. is working B. was working C. has worked D. had worked 【答案】B 点睛:过去进行时表示在过去某一时间段或某一段时间内正在发生或进行的动作或状态。3.【2018·北京】7. China’s high-speed railways _________ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years. A. are growing B. have grown C. will grow D. had grown 【答案】B 【解析】考查时态。句意:在过去的几年里,中国的高速铁路已经从9,000公里增长到25,000公里。该句时间状语为in the past few years。中国高速铁路的增长是从过去一直到现在几年

情态动词+完成时

情态动词+完成时 (modal verbs + have + past participle) 情态动词与动词原型连用,表示对目前或将来情况的瞧法或态度 情态动词与完成时连用时,表示对过去情况的瞧法或态度。 1. should+have+过去分词表示过去“本应该┅”,实际上就是说话人在表达责备,抱怨或遗 憾的意思。 We should have cut away the jungle bush、 我们本应该把丛林的灌木砍掉。 How I regretted the days when I had played and should have studied、 我多么懊悔我把本应该好好学习的日子都玩掉了。 s houldn’t+have+过去分词表示过去“本不应该┅”而实际上做了的动作。 You shouldn’t have told anyone about it、 您本来不应该告诉任何人。 They shouldn’t have left so soon、 她们本来不应该去得那么早。 2. ought to + have + 过去分词表示过去“本应该┅”,相当于“should + have + 过去分词” You ought to have helped him、 您本应该帮她一把。 You ought to have returned these books to the school library last week、 上周您就应该把这些书还给学校图书室。 否定形式oughtn’t to + have + 过去分词= shouldn’t + have +过去分词 eg、You oughtn’t to have taken his umbrella away、 您不该把她的伞拿走。 He oug htn’t to have been there、 她本不应该到那去。 3. must + have + 过去分词表示对过去情况的推测,译成“当时一定;想必已经;当时可能”。 What a challenge I must have been to this young teacher、 对这位年轻教师来说,教我这样的学生当时一定就是个巨大的挑战。 Since the ditch is full of water, it must have rained last night、 因为沟里涨满了水,昨晚一定下过雨了。 表示对过去情况的否定推测时。要用“can’t (couldn’t) + have + 过去分词”,一般不用“mustn’t + have + 过去分词”。 Joe can’t have left、I saw him just now、 乔不可能离开了,刚才我还瞧见她了。 The party couldn’t have been successful as you had hoped、 舞会不可能象您希望的那样成功。 “must + have + 过去分词”表示对过去情况推测时,反意疑问句用have (has), 有明确表示过去时间的状语(before 除外)反意疑问句用did、 He must have finished his homework, hasn’t he? 她准把作业做完了。对不?

情态动词 完成时

情态动词+完成时 (modal verbs + have + past participle) 情态动词和动词原型连用,表示对目前或将来情况的看法或态度 情态动词和完成时连用时,表示对过去情况的看法或态度。 1. should+have+过去分词表示过去“本应该┅”,实际上是说话人在表达责备,抱怨或遗 憾的意思。 We should have cut away the jungle bush. 我们本应该把丛林的灌木砍掉。 How I regretted the days when I had played and should have studied. 我多么懊悔我把本应该好好学习的日子都玩掉了。 s houldn’t+have+过去分词表示过去“本不应该┅”而实际上做了的动作。 You shouldn’t have told anyone about it. 你本来不应该告诉任何人。 They shouldn’t have left so soon. 他们本来不应该去得那么早。 2. ought to + have + 过去分词表示过去“本应该┅”,相当于“should + have + 过去分词” You ought to have helped him. 你本应该帮他一把。 You ought to have returned these books to the school library last week. 上周你就应该把这些书还给学校图书室。 否定形式oughtn’t to + have + 过去分词= shouldn’t + have +过去分词 eg. You oughtn’t to have taken his umbrella away. 你不该把他的伞拿走。 He ough tn’t to have been there. 他本不应该到那去。 3. must + have + 过去分词表示对过去情况的推测,译成“当时一定;想必已经;当时可能”。 What a challenge I must have been to this young teacher. 对这位年轻教师来说,教我这样的学生当时一定是个巨大的挑战。 Since the ditch is full of water, it must have rained last night. 因为沟里涨满了水,昨晚一定下过雨了。 表示对过去情况的否定推测时。要用“can’t (couldn’t) + have + 过去分词”,一般不用“mustn’t + have + 过去分词”。 Joe can’t have left. I saw him just now. 乔不可能离开了,刚才我还看见他了。 The party couldn’t have been successful as you had hoped. 舞会不可能象你希望的那样成功。 “must + have + 过去分词”表示对过去情况推测时,反意疑问句用have (has), 有明确表示过去时间的状语(before 除外)反意疑问句用did. He must have finished his homework, hasn’t he? 他准把作业做完了。对吗?

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