对压缩机单螺杆专用加工机床外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、外文翻译
附录
英文科技文献翻译
英文原文：
Dedicated to the single screw compressor machine updated the Introduction
Abstract: This paper describes four areas from the existing single-screw machine layout and structure, and put out the advantages and disadvantages of the list, because of the compressor plant single-screw machine tools and machine tool external Security information, the above introduction there is inevitably one-sided and wrong, and are therefore single-screw compressor for the production of reference works.
First, introduce the layout of machine tools
Decide the size of the compressor displacement of the stars round, screw diameter, mesh size and the size of the center distance, so different in diameter screw, machine tool spindle and the rotary center are also different. To meet the processing of different diameter screw, single screw Currently the layout of machine tools in general there are several options.
The first is: machine tool rotary tool spindle center and the center distance for the fixed Machine tool rotary tool spindle center and the center distance for the fixed, can not adjust the center distance. Processing of several of the screw diameter on the center distance required several different specifications of the machine.
Advantages: simple structure of the machine.
Disadvantage: each machine can only process a specification of the screw, when the market on a certain specification requirements when the screw compressor, resulting in a machine, other machine idle.
The second: the machine tool spindle box for rotary
Processing screw machine according to the size of the diameter at the processing before a point of rotating spindle box. Spindle box that the machine can turn on a machine at the
above-mentioned article on the use of the improvements, with the first structure of a machine tool is basically the same.
Advantages: the structure of machine tool easy to adapt to a variety of specifications of the processing screw.
One disadvantage: after the rotating spindle box and the tool spindle turning center line distance between the center line of accurate measurement difficult.
2 disadvantage: after the rotating spindle spindle box and the front surface of the rotary cutter centerline distance between the reduction of the larger diameter of the screw processing is limited.
The third: the machine tool spindle box for horizontal mobile
Box at the bottom of the spindle and the base there is arranged between the rectangular sliding rail, spindle box perpendicular to the direction of movement of spindle centerline and perpendicular to the centerline of the tool rotation. Through the power of the spindle box spline shaft to the base of the tool feed mechanism.
Screw diameter, according to the size of the processing in the processing of the previous round by hand to the body put into the screw spindle box moved to the appropriate location, and then screw the spindle box on a fixed base. Spindle box available from the mobile Grating detection, position error ± 0.005mm.
Horizontal spindle box can be us ed as a mobile machine can process diameter φ95 ~ φ385mm any kind between the screw specifications.
Φ95 ~ φ385mm processing because of the diameter of the screw, causing the front surface and the tool spindle rotation the distance between the center line of the margin is too large, the actual application in the design specifications of the machine into two, a φ95 ~ φ205mm machine screw diameter Another φ180 ~ φ385mm machine screw diameter.
Advantages: a variety of tools to adapt to the specifications of the processing screw, each screw specifications need not be provided with the appropriate machine tools.
Disadvantage: the structure of machine tools and machine tool assembly of the two kinds of more complex machine tools, machine tools than the cost of two kinds of machine tools before the high.
Second, introduce the structure of machine tool spindle
The level of machine tool spindle box on the main axis and the base of the vertical axis determines the degree of precision was the precision screw machining, at the same time screw compressor at a speed of thousands of high-speed rotary switch, the accuracy of the screw will be less so that the compressor have a fever, vibration, low efficiency, such as wear and tear situation quickly.
Currently available single-screw machine spindle structure of the program has the following two.
The first is: bearing radial clearance is not adjustable spindle structure
Before spindle bearing out the use of one pairs of cylindrical roller bearings and thrust ball bearing combination of both, the main use of double row cylindrical roller bearings under radial cutting force, the use of two ball bearings to bear axial thrust cutting force.
After the general adoption of the spindle bearings out one pairs of cylindrical roller bearings or a ball bearing to the heart.
Main advantages of this structure: the main axis of the processing and assembly of simple, low cost.
One disadvantage: because the main axis of the radial bearing clearance can not be adjusted so poor precision spindle. Although the use of bearings and shaft diameter fit to eliminate the radial bearing clearance, but each bearing diameter and radial clearance is not a fixed value, so it is difficult to design and processing to the quasi-axial-radial and bearings with bore tolerances.
2 disadvantage: it is very difficult to buy in the market of domestically produced or imported, C, D or P4, P5 class thrust ball bearings, machine tool manufacturing plant commonly used alternative to the use of ordinary class bearings, which also affected the accuracy of the enhance spindle.
Bearing radial clearance adjustable spindle structure do not apply to the general accuracy of the general machine tools, does not apply to require a higher accuracy of the spindle of machine tools.
The second: the radial bearing clearance adjustable spindle structure
Before the adoption of a spindle bearing P4 class of double row tapered hole cylindrical roller bearings and a P4-class double row ball bearing thrust to the combination of heart. The
use of the spindle hole of the double row tapered cylindrical roller bearings under radial cutting force, the use of double row ball bearing thrust to the heart to bear part of the axial and radial cutting force cutting force.
Spindle bearings generally used after a P5 class of double row tapered hole cylindrical roller bearings.
Double row tapered hole cylindrical roller bearings with inner ring and shaft are tapered 1:12, bearing lock nut with a round led a bearing in the axial displacement of the inner ring bearings and expansion, to reduce or eliminate Bearing radial clearance purposes.
Main structure of such advantages: high precision spindle. At the front spindle diameter φ230mm noodle on the end measuring spindle Beat value of 0.010mm. Φ230mm cylindrical spindle at the front end on the radial axis measurement value of Beat 0.005mm. The second structure of the spindle of a precision spindle accuracy than the first about 50% improve.
Main disadvantage of this structure:
The principal axis of the more complicated process, the spindle assembly also has the experience necessary to make the workers to operate the spindle achieve the desired numerical accuracy.
Third, the depth of the tool feed control
Required different processing screw diameter spiral groove depth is also different from the depth of the spiral groove mm from dozens to more than 100 millimeters range around the tool into the institutions required to feed the thousands of ring rotation in order to achieve a screw machining .
Feed because of the tool in the tool rotating at the same time achieve motion feed, so on a number of general machine tools used in mechanical, electrical control method of depth of cut does not apply to single-screw machine.
Single screw machine tools give agencies into the following different methods can be feed to control the depth of purpose.
The first is: friction clutch and electrical switches to control the depth of the tool feed Its principle is to control depth of cut increases the tool cutter feed mechanism increases the load torque so that the tool feeding mechanism of the friction transmission chain slipping
clutch, a mechanical linkage concurrent silent trigger electrical switches, optical signal prompted operator, when manual operator to disconnect the tool into the power sector.
The advantages of this control method are: the control method is simple and spare parts processing and operational power from the impact of a sudden.
Disadvantage are: processing of different diameter screw to adjust the clutch friction discs pressed the preload spring.
Material because of the density of each screw, and the hardness of the existence of subtle differences in the degree of cutting tools sharp differences exist, thus the accuracy of this control method was not too accurate, may lead to screw spiral groove depth tolerance is too large.
The second: use of an electromagnetic clutch, encoder control tool into the mix to the depth of
Tool feed system, equipped with electromagnetic clutch and a tool for detecting the number of rotating ring gear and a gun encoder.
It is a tool of control principle hand screw surface encoder to start counting switch, then start counting counting device, when the rotary tool to pre-set number of laps when the cutting depth is reached, the electromagnetic clutch automatic off open to the power tool into the concurrent silent, optical signal parts prompted the operator has finished processing.
The detection device through the digital display shows the number of feed circles or feed. Torn off and the electromagnetic clutch, the tool does not only into the rotation with the vertical shaft to the sport.
The advantages of this control method are: the depth of the spiral groove screw tolerance control more accurate, because of several significant table shows the depth of processing, or want a few laps and the depth of processing or circle the number of operations is also very intuitive and user-friendly.
Disadvantage are: electrical control of machine tools at the same time more complex parts of this control method at the processing plant, if a sudden power failure, the prior data set will be lost
If you add in the electrical control of the battery to power at the early-dimensional detection devices to maintain the job, the problem can be resolved.
Four, the control gear drive space
Single screw machine screw in the processing, due to the spiral groove in the rotary tool and the workpiece rotation to complete the synthesis process. Just cut into the workpiece when the tool in the tangential direction of rotation has been going on a greater resistance knife, cutting tool at the workpiece to be cut when the role of the spiral groove, the tool in the tangential direction of rotation has been going up against a smaller knife and even by the spiral groove thrust workpiece.
Because there is a box-hole processing machine tool, gear and other processing error, the tool axis of rotation of the drive space is too large, large amount of so-called open.
Detect drive way too much space is a fixed power input shaft and output shaft rotation shaking, in the case of the transmission structure of conventional design and manufacture of machine tools, the transmission output shaft angle space at more than ten degrees to the dozens of degrees. Transmission gap caused by too large spiral screw groove surface then there is obvious marks, thus affecting the machining accuracy of the screw.
Upon completion of the assembly machine tool axis of rotation of the drive space is too large, in fact are subject to various errors gear, creating a backlash of the gear is too large.
Machine tools in the mechanical transmission gear are used regardless of the accuracy of a few of the class, the designers take into account the gear manufacturing error, processing error box center distance, temperature, lubricating oil film thickness, the assembly error and other factors, machine design must ensure that transmission gear A certain amount of backlash, backlash decide the size of the gear tooth thickness tolerance size.
Single-screw machine has the Main Drive from other machine tool structure specificity. In order to reduce transmission or reasonable gap single-screw machine tools currently used by the following two ways.
The first is: the installation at the output shaft brake
Tool at the output shaft rotating the location of cylindrical symmetry with radial brake, brake stand up to the tool front-end of the cylindrical rotary output shaft, brake for spring preload.
The working principle of the brake is generated by the friction brake to increase the output shaft damping, reducing the sensitivity of the rotation axis.
Are: brake and easy does not change the structure of the original machine tool structure, the method of indirect reduction to achieve the purpose of drive space, in practical applications there is a certain effect.
One disadvantage: the pre-spring brake tool because of the cylindrical output shaft to exert a greater radial force, in fact increases the load machine torque, resulting in increased motor power at the same time gears, bearings to accelerate wear and tear.
Disadvantage 2: pre-spring brake because of the output shaft of the cylindrical tool to exert a greater radial force on the possible geometry of the tool output shaft a negative impact on accuracy.
Conclusion: This article describes four areas from existing single-screw machine layout and structure, and put out the advantages and disadvantages of the list, because of the compressor plant single-screw machine tools and machine tool external Security information, the above introduction there is inevitably one-sided and wrong, and are therefore single-screw compressor for the production of reference works.
中文翻译：
对压缩机单螺杆专用加工机床
摘要：本文从四个方面介绍了国内现有单螺杆加工机床的布局和结构，并把优缺点一一列举出来，由于压缩机生产厂的单螺杆加工机床和机床资料对外保密，以上介绍难免有片面、不妥之处，因此仅供单螺杆压缩机生产厂参考。
一、介绍机床的布局
压缩机排气量的大小决定了星轮、螺杆直径的大小和啮合中心距的大小，因此螺杆直径的不同，机床的主轴与刀具的回转中心也不同。为满足加工不同直径的螺杆，目前国内单螺杆加工机床的布局大致有以下几种方案。
第一种：机床的主轴与刀具回转中心的中心距为固定式
机床的主轴与刀具回转中心的中心距为固定式，中心距不可调整。加工几种直径的螺杆就需要几种中心距规格不同的机床。
优点：机床的结构简单。
缺点：每种机床只能加工一种规格的螺杆，当市场上某种规格的压缩机螺杆需要量大时，造成一台机床加工，其他机床闲置。
第二种：机床的主轴箱为可回转式
机床可根据加工螺杆直径的大小在加工前把主轴箱旋转一个角度。这种主轴箱能够回转的机床是对上述第一种机床在使用方法上的改进，与第一种机床的结构基本相同。
优点：机床的结构简单，能适应多种规格螺杆的加工。
缺点1：主轴箱旋转后主轴回转中心线与刀具回转中心线间的距离不易精确测量。
缺点2：主轴箱旋转后主轴前端面与刀具的回转中心线间的距离减少，因此加工较大直径的螺杆受到限制。
第三种：机床的主轴箱为横向移动式
主轴箱底部与底座之间布置有矩形滑动导轨，主轴箱移动的方向垂直于主轴回转中心线并垂直于刀具回转中心线。主轴箱的动力通过花键轴传给底座内的刀具进给机构。
根据加工螺杆直径的大小，在加工前用手轮丝杠进给机构把主轴箱移动到适当位置，然后用螺钉将主轴箱固定在底座上。主轴箱的移动距离可用光栅尺检测，位置误差±0.005mm。
采用主轴箱可横向移动的一个机床就可以加工直径φ95～φ385mm之间任何一种
规格的螺杆。
由于加工φ95～φ385mm直径的螺杆，造成主轴前端面与刀具回转中心线间的距离差值过大，因此在实际应用时设计成两种规格的机床，一个机床加工φ95～φ205mm直径的螺杆，另一个机床加工φ180～φ385mm直径的螺杆。
优点：机床能适应多种规格螺杆的加工，每种规格的螺杆不需要配备相应的加工机床。
缺点：机床的结构和机床的装配较前二种机床复杂，机床的造价也较前二种机床高。
二、介绍机床的主轴结构
机床主轴箱的水平主轴和底座上的立式的主轴精度的高低决定了被加工螺杆的精度，同时螺杆在压缩机中以几千转的速度高速旋转时，精度较差的螺杆会使压缩机产生发热、振动、效率低、磨损快等现象。
国内目前现有的单螺杆加工机床主轴结构大致有以下两种方案。
第一种：轴承径向游隙不可调的主轴结构
主轴前轴承采用1个双列圆柱滚子轴承和两个推力球轴承组合，该主轴使用双列圆柱滚子轴承承受径向切削力，使用两个推力球轴承承受轴向切削力。
主轴后轴承一般采用1个双列圆柱滚子轴承或采用1个向心球轴承。
这种主轴结构的优点：主轴的加工和装配简单，造价较低。
缺点1：由于主轴轴承的径向游隙不可调整，所以主轴精度较差。虽然可以利用轴承的内径和轴径的过盈配合来消除轴承的径向游隙，但每个轴承的内径和径向游隙不是一个固定值，因此设计和加工时很难给准轴径与轴承内径的配合公差。
缺点2：在市场上很难买到国产或进口的C、D级或P4、P5级的推力球轴承，机床生产厂常用普通级轴承替代使用，此举也影响了主轴精度的提高。
轴承径向游隙不可调的主轴结构适用于一般精度的普通机床，不适用于对主轴精度要求较高的机床。
第二种：轴承径向游隙可调的主轴结构
主轴前轴承采用一个P4级圆锥孔的双列圆柱滚子轴承和1个P4级的双列向心推力球轴承组合。该主轴使用圆锥孔的双列圆柱滚子轴承承受径向切削力，使用双列向心推力球轴承承受轴向切削力和部分径向切削力。
主轴后轴承一般采用1个P5级圆锥孔的双列圆柱滚子轴承。
圆锥孔双列圆柱滚子轴承的内圈和配合轴径均为1：12圆锥，用圆螺母锁紧轴承则使轴承在轴向产生一个位移并使轴承的内圈膨胀，从而达到减少或消除轴承径向游隙的目的。
这种主轴结构的优点：主轴精度较高。在主轴前端面φ230mm直径上测量主轴的端面跳动值为0.010mm。在主轴前端φ230mm外圆上测量主轴的径向跳动值为0.005mm。第二种结构的主轴精度比第一种主轴精度提高50%左右。
这种主轴结构的缺点：
主轴的加工工艺较复杂，主轴的装配也需要有经验的工人操作才能使主轴精度达到理想数值。
三、刀具进给深度的控制
不同直径的螺杆需要加工螺旋槽的深度也不同，螺旋槽的深度从几十毫米到一百多毫米不等，刀具进给机构大约需要旋转进刀几千圈才能完成一个螺杆零件的加工。
由于刀具进给机构在刀具旋转的同时还要完成进刀动作，所以一些在普通机床上常用的机械、电气控制切深的方法都不适用于单螺杆加工机床。
单螺杆加工机床的刀具进给机构采用以下不同的方法都可以达到控制进刀深度的目的。
第一种：摩擦离合器和电气开关控制刀具进给深度
它的控制原理是刀具切深增大时刀具进给机构的负载扭距增大，使刀具进给机构传动链中的摩擦离合器打滑，一个机械连杆机构触发电气开关并发出声、光信号提示操作者，此时操作者人工操作断开刀具进给机构的动力。
这种控制方法的优点是：控制方法简单及零件加工和操作不受突然断电的影响。
缺点是：加工不同直径的螺杆需要调整摩擦离合器压紧碟簧的预紧力。
由于每个螺杆材质的密度、硬度存在细微差异及刀具锋利程度也存在差异，因此使这种控制方法的精度不太准确，可能导致螺杆螺旋槽的深度公差过大。
第二种：用电磁离合器、编码器组合控制刀具进给深度
刀具进给系统中，装有电磁离合器及一对用于检测刀具转动圈数的测速齿轮和一个编码器。
结论：本文从四个方面介绍了国内现有单螺杆加工机床的布局和结构，并把优缺点一一列举出来，由于压缩机生产厂的单螺杆加工机床和机床资料对外保密，以上介绍难免有片面、不妥之处，因此仅供单螺杆压缩机生产厂参考。
红外数据通信技术外文翻译文献
红外数据通信技术外文翻译文献(文档含中英文对照即英文原文和中文翻译) Infrared Remote Control System Abstract Red outside data correspondence the technique be currently within the scope of world drive extensive usage of a kind of wireless conjunction technique, drive numerous hardware and software platform support. Red outside the transceiver product have cost low, small scaled turn, the baud rate be quick, point to point SSL, be free from electromagnetism thousand Raos
etc. characteristics, can realization information at dissimilarity of the product fast, convenience, safely exchange and transmission, at short distance wireless deliver aspect to own very obvious of advantage. Along with red outside the data deliver a technique more and more mature, the cost descend, red outside the transceiver necessarily will get at the short distance communication realm more extensive of application. The purpose that design this system is transmit customer’s operation information with infrared rays for transmit media, then demodulate original signal with receive circuit. It use coding chip to modulate signal and use decoding chip to demodulate signal. The coding chip is PT2262 and decoding chip is PT2272. Both chips are made in Taiwan. Main work principle is that we provide to input the information for the PT2262 with coding keyboard. The input information was coded by PT2262 and loading to high frequent load wave whose frequent is 38 kHz, then modulate infrared transmit dioxide and radiate space outside when it attian enough power. The receive circuit receive the signal and demodulate original information. The original signal was decoded by PT2272, so as to drive some circuit to accomplish customer’s operation demand. Keywords: Infrared dray；Code；Decoding；LM386；Red outside transceiver 1 Introduction 1.1 research the background and significance Infrared Data Communication Technology is the world wide use of a wireless connection technology, by the many hardware and software platforms supported. Is a data through electrical pulses and infrared optical pulse switch between the wireless data transceiver technology.
人工智能专业外文翻译-机器人
译文资料： 机器人 首先我介绍一下机器人产生的背景，机器人技术的发展，它应该说是一个科学技术发展共同的一个综合性的结果，同时，为社会经济发展产生了一个重大影响的一门科学技术，它的发展归功于在第二次世界大战中各国加强了经济的投入，就加强了本国的经济的发展。另一方面它也是生产力发展的需求的必然结果，也是人类自身发展的必然结果，那么随着人类的发展，人们在不断探讨自然过程中，在认识和改造自然过程中，需要能够解放人的一种奴隶。那么这种奴隶就是代替人们去能够从事复杂和繁重的体力劳动，实现人们对不可达世界的认识和改造，这也是人们在科技发展过程中的一个客观需要。 机器人有三个发展阶段，那么也就是说，我们习惯于把机器人分成三类，一种是第一代机器人，那么也叫示教再现型机器人，它是通过一个计算机，来控制一个多自由度的一个机械，通过示教存储程序和信息，工作时把信息读取出来，然后发出指令，这样的话机器人可以重复的根据人当时示教的结果，再现出这种动作，比方说汽车的点焊机器人，它只要把这个点焊的过程示教完以后，它总是重复这样一种工作，它对于外界的环境没有感知，这个力操作力的大小，这个工件存在不存在，焊的好与坏，它并不知道，那么实际上这种从第一代机器人，也就存在它这种缺陷，因此，在20世纪70年代后期，人们开始研究第二代机器人，叫带感觉的机器人，这种带感觉的机器人是类似人在某种功能的感觉，比如说力觉、触觉、滑觉、视觉、听觉和人进行相类比，有了各种各样的感觉，比方说在机器人抓一个物体的时候，它实际上力的大小能感觉出来，它能够通过视觉，能够去感受和识别它的形状、大小、颜色。抓一个鸡蛋，它能通过一个触觉，知道它的力的大小和滑动的情况。第三代机器人，也是我们机器人学中一个理想的所追求的最高级的阶段，叫智能机器人，那么只要告诉它做什么，不用告诉它怎么去做，它就能完成运动，感知思维和人机通讯的这种功能和机能，那么这个目前的发展还是相对的只是在局部有这种智能的概念和含义，但真正完整意义的这种智能机器人实际上并没有存在，而只是随着我们不断的科学技术的发展，智能的概念越来越丰富，它内涵越来越宽。 下面我简单介绍一下我国机器人发展的基本概况。由于我们国家存在很多其
外文翻译油气储运
本科毕业论文（翻译） 英文标题 学生姓名学号 教学院系石油与天然气工程学院 专业年级油气储运工程2011级 指导教师职称 单位 辅导教师职称 单位 完成日期2015年06月
利用天然气管道压差能量液化天然气流程 摘要 长输管道天然气的输送压力通常较高（高达10兆帕），在城市门站通常需要一套节流装置完成减压过程，这个过程通常由节流装置实现，而且在此过程中会浪费非常巨大的压力能。在该文章中通过HYSYS软件来设计和模拟回收利用该巨大能量来完成一股天然气的膨胀液化过程。将单位能量消耗和液化率作为目标函数并作为优化设计选择的关键变量。同样对天然气管道在不同运输用作压力下的工作情况进行计算和讨论，同时对不同设备压力能损失进行评估，并对具体细节进行分析。结果显示，这一液化率显然低于普通液化过程的液化率，该天然气膨胀液化过程适用于进行天然气液化是由于他的单位能耗低，过程简单及灵活。 1.介绍 长距离输送管线通常在较高的工作压力下运行（高达10兆帕），高压天然气通常在城市门站内通过一个不可逆的节流过程从而降压到达较低的压力为了适应不同的需求，在这个过程中有用的压力能就这样被浪费了，因而，利用合适的能源利用方法回收这部分大量的压力能是十分有价值的。 天然气管道压力能多用于发电，轻质烃的分离以及天然气的液化。现在已经有很多关于一些小型的LNG站场天然气液化的研究报告，天然气技术研究所开发了一个小型的利用混合制冷机制冷循环的天然气液化系统，起液化能力在4-40m3 /d，kirllow等人研究了利用涡流液化技术和膨胀液化技术的小型天然气液化调峰厂。Len等人描述了几个基于压力能回收利用的天然气液化流程。Lentransgaz公司开发了充分利用压力能而没有外来能源输入来液化天然气的天然气液化的新设备。 Mokarizadeh等人应用了基因遗传学的相关算法对于天然气调峰厂的液化天然气的压力能使用进行优化以及损失的评估，Cao等人使用Hysys软件分析了应用于小型天然气液化流程的使用混合制冷剂循环以及N2，CH4膨胀循环的撬装包。Remeljej等人比较了四种液化流程包括单级混合制冷循环，两级膨胀氮循环，两开环膨胀流程，以及类似的能量分析得到单级的混合制冷剂循环有最低的能量损失。 表1 符号命名 符号名称符号名称 a 吸入参量，Pa(m3/mol) t 温度K A 无量纲吸入参量v 摩尔体积m3/mol b 摩尔体积m3/mol W 能量kW
毕业论文英文参考文献与译文
Inventory management Inventory Control On the so-called "inventory control", many people will interpret it as a "storage management", which is actually a big distortion. The traditional narrow view, mainly for warehouse inventory control of materials for inventory, data processing, storage, distribution, etc., through the implementation of anti-corrosion, temperature and humidity control means, to make the custody of the physical inventory to maintain optimum purposes. This is just a form of inventory control, or can be defined as the physical inventory control. How, then, from a broad perspective to understand inventory control? Inventory control should be related to the company's financial and operational objectives, in particular operating cash flow by optimizing the entire demand and supply chain management processes (DSCM), a reasonable set of ERP control strategy, and supported by appropriate information processing tools, tools to achieved in ensuring the timely delivery of the premise, as far as possible to reduce inventory levels, reducing inventory and obsolescence, the risk of devaluation. In this sense, the physical inventory control to achieve financial goals is just a means to control the entire inventory or just a necessary part; from the perspective of organizational functions, physical inventory control, warehouse management is mainly the responsibility of The broad inventory control is the demand and supply chain management, and the whole company's responsibility. Why until now many people's understanding of inventory control, limited physical inventory control? The following two reasons can not be ignored: First, our enterprises do not attach importance to inventory control. Especially those who benefit relatively good business, as long as there is money on the few people to consider the problem of inventory turnover. Inventory control is simply interpreted as warehouse management, unless the time to spend money, it may have been to see the inventory problem, and see the results are often very simple procurement to buy more, or did not do warehouse departments . Second, ERP misleading. Invoicing software is simple audacity to call it ERP, companies on their so-called ERP can reduce the number of inventory, inventory control, seems to rely on their small software can get. Even as SAP, BAAN ERP world, the field of
中英文文献翻译-加工中心数控技术
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通信工程项目毕业材料外文翻译
用于多跳认知无线电网络的分布式网络编码控制信道 Alfred Asterjadhi等著 1 前言 大多数电磁频谱由政府机构长期指定给公司或机构专门用于区域或国家地区。由于这种资源的静态分配，许可频谱的许多部分在许多时间和/或位置未使用或未被充分利用。另一方面，几种最近的无线技术在诸如IEEE802.11，蓝牙，Zigbee之类的非许可频段中运行，并且在一定程度上对WiMAX进行操作;这些技术已经看到这样的成功和扩散，他们正在访问的频谱- 主要是2.4 GHz ISM频段- 已经过度拥挤。为了为这些现有技术提供更多的频谱资源，并且允许替代和创新技术的潜在开发，最近已经提出允许被许可的设备（称为次要用户）访问那些许可的频谱资源，主要用户未被使用或零星地使用。这种方法通常被称为动态频谱接入（DSA），无线电设备发现和机会性利用未使用或未充分利用的频谱带的能力通常称为认知无线电（CR）技术。 DSA和CR最近都引起了无线通信和网络界的极大关注。通常设想两种主要应用。第一个是认知无线接入（CW A），根据该认知接入点，认知接入点负责识别未使用的许可频谱，并使用它来提供对次用户的接入。第二个应用是我们在这个技术中研究的应用，它是认知自组织网络（CAN），也就是使用 用于二级用户本身之间通信的无许可频谱，用于诸如点对点内容分发，环境监控，安全性等目的，灾难恢复情景通信，军事通信等等。 设计CAN系统比CW A有更多困难，主要有两个原因。第一是识别未使用的频谱。在CW A中，接入点的作用是连接到互联网，因此可以使用简单的策略来推断频谱可用性，例如查询频谱调节器在其地理位置的频谱可用性或直接与主用户协商频谱可用性或一些中间频谱经纪人另一方面，在CAN中，与频谱调节器或主要用户的缺乏直接通信需要二级用户能够使用检测技术自己识别未使用的频谱。第二个困难是辅助用户协调媒体访问目的。在CW A中存在接入点和通常所有二级用户直接与之通信（即，网络是单跳）的事实使得直接使用集中式媒体接入控制（MAC）解决方案，如时分多址（TDMA）或正交频分多址（OFDMA）。相反，预计CAN将跨越多跳，缺少集中控制器;而对于传统的单通道多跳自组织网络而言，这个问题的几个解决方案是已知的，因为假设我们处理允许设备访问的具有成
文献综述_人工智能
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空气压缩机论文中英文对照资料外文翻译文献
毕业设计外文资料翻译 附件1：外文资料翻译译文 一维多级轴流压缩机性能的解析优化 摘要 对多级压缩机的优化设计模型，本文假设固定的流道形状以入口和出口的动叶绝对角度，静叶的绝对角度和静叶及每一级的入口和出口的相对气体密度作为设计变量，得到压缩机基元级的基本方程和多级压缩机的解析关系。用数值实例来说明多级压缩机的各种参数对最优性能的影响。 关键词 轴流压缩机 效率 分析关系 优化 1 引言 轴流式压缩机的设计是工艺技术的一部分，如果缺乏准确的预测将影响设计过程。至今还没有公认的方法可使新的设计参数达到一个足够精确的值，通过应用一些已经取得新进展的数值优化技术，以完成单级和多级轴流式压缩机的设计。计算流体动力学（CFD ）和许多更准确的方法特别是发展计算的CFD 技术，已经应用到许多轴流式压缩机的平面和三维优化设计。它仍然是使用一维流体力学理论用数值实例来计算压缩机的最佳设计。Boiko 通过以下假设提出了详细的数学模型用以优化设计单级和多级轴流涡轮：（1）固定的轴向均匀速度分布（2）固定流动路径的形状分布，并获得了理想的优化结果。陈林根等人也采用了类似的想法，通过假设一个固定的轴向速度分布的优化设计提出了设计单级轴流式压缩机一种数学模型。在本文中为优化设计多级轴流压缩机的模型，提出了假设一个固定的流道形状，以入口和出口的动叶绝对角度，静叶的绝对角度和静叶及每一级的入口和出口的相对气体密度作为设计变量，分析压缩机的每个阶段之间的关系，用数值实例来说明多级压缩机的各种参数对最优性能的影响。 2 基元级的基本方程 考虑图1所示由n 级组成的轴流压缩机, 其某一压缩过程焓熵图和中间级的速度三角形见图2和图3，相应的中间级的具体焓熵图如图4，按一维理论作级的性能计算。按一般情况列出轴流压缩机中气体流动的能量方程和连续方程,工作流体和叶轮的速度。在不同级的轴向流速不为常数，即考虑i j u u ≠,i j c c ≠ (i j ≠) 时的能量和流量方程。在
英语专业毕业论文翻译类论文
英语专业毕业论文翻译 类论文 Document number：NOCG-YUNOO-BUYTT-UU986-1986UT
毕业论文（设计）Title:The Application of the Iconicity to the Translation of Chinese Poetry 题目:象似性在中国诗歌翻译中的应用 学生姓名孔令霞 学号 BC09150201 指导教师祁晓菲助教 年级 2009级英语本科（翻译方向）二班 专业英语 系别外国语言文学系
黑龙江外国语学院本科生毕业论文（设计）任务书 摘要
索绪尔提出的语言符号任意性，近些年不断受到质疑，来自语言象似性的研究是最大的挑战。语言象似性理论是针对语言任意性理论提出来的，并在不断发展。象似性是当今认知语言学研究中的一个重要课题，是指语言符号的能指与所指之间的自然联系。本文以中国诗歌英译为例，探讨象似性在中国诗歌翻译中的应用，从以下几个部分阐述：（1）象似性的发展；（2）象似性的定义及分类；（3）中国诗歌翻译的标准；（4）象似性在中国诗歌翻译中的应用，主要从以下几个方面论述：声音象似、顺序象似、数量象似、对称象似方面。通过以上几个方面的探究，探讨了中国诗歌翻译中象似性原则的重大作用，在诗歌翻译过程中有助于得到“形神皆似”和“意美、音美、形美”的理想翻译效果。 关键词：象似性；诗歌；翻译
Abstract The arbitrariness theory of language signs proposed by Saussure is severely challenged by the study of language iconicity in recent years. The theory of iconicity is put forward in contrast to that of arbitrariness and has been developing gradually. Iconicity, which is an important subject in the research of cognitive linguistics, refers to a natural resemblance or analogy between the form of a sign and the object or concept. This thesis mainly discusses the application of the iconicity to the translation of Chinese poetry. The paper is better described from the following parts: (1) The development of the iconicity; (2) The definition and classification of the iconicity; (3) The standards of the translation to Chinese poetry; (4) The application of the iconicity to the translation of Chinese poetry, mainly discussed from the following aspects: sound iconicity, order iconicity, quantity iconicity, and symmetrical iconicity. Through in-depth discussion of the above aspects, this paper could come to the conclusion that the iconicity is very important in the translation of poetry. It is conductive to reach the ideal effect of “the similarity of form and spirit” and “the three beauties”. Key words: the iconicity; poetry; translation
机械类数控车床外文翻译外文文献英文文献车床.doc
Lathes Lathes are machine tools designed primarily to do turning, facing and boring, Very little turning is done on other types of machine tools, and none can do it with equal facility. Because lathes also can do drilling and reaming, their versatility permits several operations to be done with a single setup of the work piece. Consequently, more lathes of various types are used in manufacturing than any other machine tool. The essential components of a lathe are the bed, headstock assembly, tailstock assembly, and the leads crew and feed rod. The bed is the backbone of a lathe. It usually is made of well normalized or aged gray or nodular cast iron and provides s heavy, rigid frame on which all the other basic components are mounted. Two sets of parallel, longitudinal ways, inner and outer, are contained on the bed, usually on the upper side. Some makers use an inverted V-shape for all four ways, whereas others utilize one inverted V and one flat way in one or both sets, They are precision-machined to assure accuracy of alignment. On most modern lathes the way are surface-hardened to resist wear and abrasion, but precaution should be taken in operating a lathe to assure that the ways are not damaged. Any inaccuracy in them usually means that the accuracy of the entire lathe is destroyed. The headstock is mounted in a foxed position on the inner ways, usually at the left end of the bed. It provides a powered means of rotating the word at various speeds . Essentially, it consists of a hollow spindle, mounted in accurate bearings, and a set of transmission gears-similar to a truck transmission—through which the spindle can be rotated at a number of speeds. Most lathes provide from 8 to 18 speeds, usually in a geometric ratio, and on modern lathes all the speeds can be obtained merely by moving from two to four levers. An increasing trend is to provide a continuously variable speed range through electrical or mechanical drives. Because the accuracy of a lathe is greatly dependent on the spindle, it is of heavy construction and mounted in heavy bearings, usually preloaded tapered roller or ball types. The spindle has a hole extending through its length, through which long bar stock can be fed. The size of maximum size of bar stock that can be machined when the material must be fed through spindle. The tailsticd assembly consists, essentially, of three parts. A lower casting fits on the inner ways of the bed and can slide longitudinally thereon, with a means for clamping the entire assembly in any desired location, An upper casting fits on the lower one and can be moved transversely upon it, on some type of keyed ways, to permit aligning the assembly is the tailstock quill. This is a hollow steel cylinder, usually about 51 to 76mm(2to 3 inches) in diameter, that can be moved several inches longitudinally in and out of the upper casting by means of a hand wheel and screw. The size of a lathe is designated by two dimensions. The first is known as the swing. This is the maximum diameter of work that can be rotated on a lathe. It is approximately twice the distance between the line connecting the lathe centers and the nearest point on the ways, The second size dimension is the maximum distance between centers. The swing thus indicates the maximum work piece diameter that can be turned in the lathe, while the distance between centers indicates the maximum length of work piece that can be mounted between centers. Engine lathes are the type most frequently used in manufacturing. They are heavy-duty machine tools with all the components described previously and have power drive for all tool movements except on the compound rest. They commonly range in size from 305 to 610 mm(12 to 24 inches)swing and from 610 to 1219 mm(24 to 48 inches) center distances, but swings up to 1270 mm(50 inches) and center distances up
5G无线通信网络中英文对照外文翻译文献
5G无线通信网络中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)
翻译： 5G无线通信网络的蜂窝结构和关键技术 摘要 第四代无线通信系统已经或者即将在许多国家部署。然而，随着无线移动设备和服务的激增，仍然有一些挑战尤其是4G所不能容纳的，例如像频谱危机和高能量消耗。无线系统设计师们面临着满足新型无线应用对高数据速率和机动性要求的持续性增长的需求，因此他们已经开始研究被期望于2020年后就能部署的第五代无线系统。在这篇文章里面，我们提出一个有内门和外门情景之分的潜在的蜂窝结构，并且讨论了多种可行性关于5G无线通信系统的技术，比如大量的MIMO技术，节能通信，认知的广播网络和可见光通信。面临潜在技术的未知挑战也被讨论了。 介绍 信息通信技术（ICT）创新合理的使用对世界经济的提高变得越来越重要。无线通信网络在全球ICT战略中也许是最挑剔的元素，并且支撑着很多其他的行业，它是世界上成长最快最有活力的行业之一。欧洲移动天文台（EMO）报道2010年移动通信业总计税收1740亿欧元,从而超过了航空航天业和制药业。无线技术的发展大大提高了人们在商业运作和社交功能方面通信和生活的能力无线移动通信的显著成就表现在技术创新的快速步伐。从1991年二代移动通信系统(2G)的初次登场到2001年三代系统（3G）的首次起飞，无线移动网络已经实现了从一个纯粹的技术系统到一个能承载大量多媒体内容网络的转变。4G无线系统被设计出来用来满足IMT-A技术使用IP面向所有服务的需求。在4G系统中，先进的无线接口被用于正交频分复用技术（OFDM），多输入多输出系统（MIMO）和链路自适应技术。4G无线网络可支持数据速率可达1Gb/s的低流度，比如流动局域无线访问，还有速率高达100M/s的高流速，例如像移动访问。LTE系统和它的延伸系统LTE-A，作为实用的4G系统已经在全球于最近期或不久的将来部署。 然而，每年仍然有戏剧性增长数量的用户支持移动宽频带系统。越来越多的
论文《人工智能》---文献检索结课作业
人工智能 【摘要】：人工智能是一门极富挑战性的科学，但也是一门边沿学科。它属于自然科学和社会科学的交叉。涉及的学科主要有哲学、认知科学、数学、神经生理学、心理学、计算机科学、信息论、控制论、不定性论、仿生学等。人工智能(Artificial Intelligence)，英文缩写为AI。它是研究、开发用于模拟、延伸和扩展人的智能的理论、方法、技术及应用系统的一门新的技术科学。人工智能是计算机科学的一个分支，它企图了解智能的实质，并生产出一种新的能以人类智能相似的方式做出反应的智能机器，该领域的研究包括机器人、语言识别、图像识别、自然语言处理和专家系统等1。 【关键词】：人工智能；应用领域；发展方向；人工检索。 1．人工智能描述 人工智能(Artificial Intelligence) ，英文缩写为AI。它是研究、开发用于模拟、延伸和扩展人的智能的理论、方法、技术及应用系统的一门新的技术科学2。人工智能是计 算机科学的一个分支，它企图了解智 能的实质，并生产出一种新的能以人 类智能相似的方式作出反应的智能 机器，该领域的研究包括机器人、语 言识别、图像识别、自然语言处理和 专家系统等。“人工智能”一词最初 是在1956 年Dartmouth学会上提出 的。从那以后,研究者们发展了众多 理论和原理,人工智能的概念也随之扩展。人工智能是一门极富挑战性的科学，从事这项工作的人必须懂得计算机知识，心理学和哲学。人工智能是包括十分广泛的科学，它由不同的领域组成，如机器学习，计算机视觉等等，总的说来，人工智能研究的一个主要目标是使机器能够胜任一些通常需要人类智能才能完成的复杂工作。但不同的时代、不同的人对这种“复杂工作”的理解是不同的。例如繁重的科学和工程计算本来是要人脑来承担的，现在计算机不但能完成这种计算, 而且能够比人脑做得更快、更准确，因之当代人已不再把这种计算看作是“需要人类智能才能完成的复 1.蔡自兴，徐光祐.人工智能及其应用.北京：清华大学出版社，2010 2元慧·议当人工智能的应用领域与发展状态〖Ｊ〗．2008
中英文文献翻译-螺杆压缩机
英文原文 Screw Compressor The Symmetric profile has a huge blow-hole area which excludes it from any compressor applicat -ion where a high or even moderate pressure ratio is involved. However, the symmetric profile per -forms surprisingly well in low pressure compressor applications.More details about the circular p -rofile can be found in Margolis, 1978. 2.4.8 SRM “A” Profile The SRM “A” profile is shown in Fig. 2.11. It retains all the favourable features of the symmetric profile like its simplicity while avoiding its main disadvantage,namely, the large blow-hole area. The main goal of reducing the blow hole area was achieved by allowing the tip points of the main and gate rotors to generate their counterparts, trochoids on the gate and main rotor respectively. T -he “A” profile consists mainly of circles on the gate rotor and one line which passes through the gate rotor axis.The set of primary curves consists of: D2C2, which is a circle on the gate rotor with the centre on the gate pitch circle, and C2B2, which is a circle on the gate rotor, the centre of whi ch lies outside the pitch circle region.This was a new feature which imposed some problems in the generation of its main rotor counterpart, because the mathematics used for profile generation at tha -t time was insufficient for general gearing. This eccentricity ensured that the pressure angles on th -e rotor pitches differ from zero, resulting in its ease of manufacture. Segment BA is a circle on th -e gate rotor with its centre on the pitch circle. The flat lobe sides on the main and gate rotors were generated as epi/hypocycloids by points G on the gate and H on the main rotor respectively. GF2 is a radial line at the gate rotor. This brought the same benefits to manufacturing as the previously mentioned circle eccentricity on Fig. 2.11 SRM “A” Profile