09年11月四级理论试卷
科目代码：
140
职业资格全省统一鉴定
公共营养师四级理论知识试卷
注 意 事 项
1、考试时间: 90分钟
2、请按要求在答题卡上填写您的姓名和准考证号。
一、判断题（第1-20题，对下面的叙述，你认为正确的，请在答题卡上把相应题号下“A”涂黑；你认为错误的，请把“B”涂黑。每题1分，共20分。）
1. ( )《中国食物与营养发展纲要》（2001 --2010）规定，到2010年我国人均每日能量摄取量为2300千卡，其中要求80%来源于植物性食物。
2. ( )Excel数据类型有文本、数值和公式。
3. ( )健康档案是医生为病患者治疗、服务的基础。
4. ( )总体所包含的个体数可以认为无限大，而且往往是现实的或具体的。
5. ( )谷类食物是中国传统膳食的主体，是我国居民能量的主要来源。
6. ( )人类对营养的需要，首先是对能量的需要。
7. ( )头发的主要成分是角蛋白，由多种氨基酸组成。
8. ( )EAR是指整个人群某营养素摄入量的平均水平。
9. ( )高碳水化合物是我国膳食结构的显著特征。
10. ( )食品腐败变质是指食品在一定的环境因素影响下，由微生物的作用而引起食品成分和感官性状的改变，并失去食用价值的一种变化。
11. ( )动物性脂肪营养价值低于植物性脂肪，其中禽类脂肪所含必需脂肪酸的量高于家畜。
12. ( ) 影响大豆蛋白质消化率的成分有 “抗胰蛋白酶因子” 。
13. ( )幼儿过量食用奶类不利于形成良好的饮食习惯。
14. ( )中国营养学会推荐的膳食维生素B2参考摄入量为成年男子1.4mg/d，成年女子1.2mg/d。
15. ( )叶酸、烟酸是脂溶性维生素。
16. ( )人体一般在40岁以后钙吸收率逐渐下降。
17. ( )食物蛋白质消化率越高，说明蛋白质被机体利用率越高。
18. ( )如果机体缺乏维生素A，将影响人的暗适应能力。
19. ( )消化是指食物在物理或化学因素作用下，由大分子逐渐分解为小分子的过程。
20. ( )道德可以调节餐饮企业上下级之间的关系。
二、单项选择题（第21-60题，每小题只有一个正确答案，请在答题卡上将所选答案的相应字母涂黑。每题1分，共40分。）
21. 陈醋的碳水化合物含量可以达到( )。
A. 8%
B. 12%
C. 15%
D. 20%
22. 对调查者一日三餐的食物进行称重，并计算出营养素摄入量的膳食调查方法是( )。
A. 频率法
B. 记帐法
C. 称重法
D. 膳食史法
23. 下列( )不应该是健康档案的作用。
A. 为医生临床决策服务
B. 为医生科研服务
C. 为病人良好治疗服务
D. 为监督病人行为服务
24. NRVs是( )缩写。
A. 中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量
B. 中国食品标签营养素参考值
C. 中国居民平衡膳食宝塔
D. 中国居民膳食指南
25. 下列叙述不正确的是( )。
A. 苋菜红和胭脂红属于着色
B. 亚硝酸钠属于着色剂，有改善食品色泽的作用
C. 酸性红可用于巧克力制品的着色
D. 胡萝卜素既是营养素又是着色剂
26. 食品标签中强制标示的内容是( )。
A. 批号
B. 食用方法
C. 营养素含量
D. 质量等级
27. 面粉的同类食物为( )。
A. 土豆
B. 胡萝卜
C. 牛奶
D. 豆浆
28. 年轻人、身体活动强度大的人需要的能量高，应适当多吃些( )。
A. 零食
B. 豆类
C. 水果类
D. 主食
29. 工作时间有75%时间坐或站立，25%时间站着活动的劳动为( )。
A. 轻体力劳动
B. 中等体力劳动
C. 次重体力劳动
D. 重体力劳动
30. 使用头发作为生物样品的优点是( )。
A. 保存时间长，对人无伤害
B. 能够精确反映人体的营养状况
C. 能够快速反映人体的营养状况
D. 没有污染
31. 对儿童的身体测量数据进行评价时，按待评对象数值与参考数值（均值X）距离几个标准差（S）进行评价，此种评价方法称（
）。
A. Gomez分类法
B. 百分位数评价
C. 离差法
D. 方差法
32. AI是指( )。
A. 推荐摄入量
B. 平均需要量
C. 适宜摄入量
D. 可耐受最高摄入量
33. 食物成分表中，食物的编码采用6位数字，如03-6-402，其中03表示食物的( )。
A. 类
B. 亚类
C. 食物在亚类的排列
D. 食物在类中
的排列
34. 如果稀饭的生熟比值是0.25，那么煮1000克稀饭需要（ ）克大米。
A. 150
B. 250
C. 300
D. 450
35. 营养状况评估的第一步是( )。
A. 膳食调查
B. 体格检查
C. 生化检查
D. 家族史调查
36. 鱼类蛋白质生物价可达( )。
A. 85～90
B. 60-70
C. 95-98
D. 75-85
37.最适合蔬菜烹调的方法是( )。
A. 炒
B. 煮
C. 煎
D. 烤
38. 烹调的含义是( )。
A. 烹调等同于烹饪
B. 烹调是制成菜肴的一门技术
C. 烹调是加热过程
D. 烹调是调味过程
39. 在收集社区营养资料填表时不应使用( )。
A.钢笔
B.水笔
C.圆珠笔
D.铅笔
40. 中国营养学会制定中国第一个中国居民膳食指南的时间是( )年 。
A. 1985
B. 1989
C. 1997
D.
2001
41. 欧美国家的膳食结构是( )。
A. 地中海膳食
B. 以动物性食物为主
C. 以植物性食物为止
D. 以动植物性食物为主
42. 腐败变质的食物都有 ( )。
A. 臭味
B. 微生物的严重污染
C. 毒素产生
D. 致癌作用
43. 茶叶中对人体有兴奋作用的成分是( )。
A. 花青素
B. 咖啡碱
C. 茶黄素
D. 酚酸
44. 根茎类蔬菜碳水化合物的含量最高可以达到 ( )。
A. 20%以上
B. 30%以上
C. 35%以上
D. 40%以上
45. 谷类碳水化合物含量最为丰富，主要( )。
A. 集中在胚乳中
B. 集中在胚芽中
C. 集中在麸皮中
D.均匀分布
46. 婴儿奶粉的起始配方适合( )。
A. 1-3个月婴儿
B. 1-6个月婴儿
C. 6个月以上婴儿
D. 1-12个月婴儿
47. 下列食物中维生素C含量最高的是 ( )。
A. 酸枣
B. 苦瓜
C. 牛奶
D. 青菜
48. 以下不是烟酸生理功能的是( )。
A. 构成辅酶I（C O I）或烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（NAD+）及辅酶Ⅱ（C OⅡ）或烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸（NADP+）
B. 参与同型半胱氨酸甲基化转变为蛋氨酸
C. 葡萄糖耐量因子的组成成份
D. 保护心血管
49. 下列一组选项中，（ ）是人体维生素D的最好食物来源。
A. 茶叶
B. 牛奶
C. 西红柿
D. 辣椒
50. 正常男性体内铁的储存量约为( )。
A. 1000mg
B. 1500mg
C. 10000mg
D. 100mg
51. 细胞外液的镁不超过( )。
A. 0.1%
B. 10%
C. 1%
D.
0.5%
52. 低聚果糖属于( )。
A. 单糖
B. 寡糖
C. 糖醇
D. 麦芽糊精
53. 一般要求动物性蛋白质和大豆蛋白质应占膳食蛋白质总量的( )。
A. 20%～30%
B. 25%～40%
C. 30%～40%
D. 30%～50%
54. 一般混合膳食中碳水化合物的吸收率为( )。
A. 92%
B. 94%
C. 95%
D. 98%
55. 骨髓属于( )。
A. 中枢免疫系统
B. 外周免疫系统
C. 内免疫系统
D. 外免疫系统
56. 小肠液由小肠腺所分泌，呈( )。
A. 弱酸性
B. 弱碱性
C. 强碱性
D. 强酸性
57. 消化系统中的胃蛋白酶原、胰蛋白酶原、羧肽酶原属于( )。
A. 未活化酶原
B. 活化酶原
C. 半活化酶原
D. 无法确定其是否活化
58. 人体的四大基本组织是指( )。
A. 上皮组织、血液组织、骨骼组织、神经组织
B. 上皮组织、结缔组织、骨骼组织、神经组织
C. 上皮组织、结缔组织、肌组织、神经组织
D. 上皮组织、结缔组织、肌组织、血液组织
59. 创新对公共营养师事业和个人发展的作用表现在( )。
A. 是营养师事业健康发展的巨大动力
B. 是营养师事业在竞争中获取胜利的重要手段
C. 是提高自身职业道德水平的重要条件
D. 是营养师事业成功的唯一途径
60. 正确阐述职业道德与人的事业的关系的选项是( )。
A. 没有职业道德的人不会获得成功
B. 要取得事业的成功，前提条件是要有职业道德
C. 事业成功的人往往不需要较高的职业道德
D. 职业道德是人获得事业成功的重要条件
三、多项选择题（第61-100题。每题有两个或两个以上的答案正确。
错选、少选、多选均不得分，请在答题卡上将所选答案的相应字母涂
黑。每题1分，共40分。）
61. 可促进铁吸收的物质有 ( )。
A. 维生素C
B. 某些单糖
C. 有机酸
D. 维生素K
E. 维生素A
62. 健康信息一般包括( )。
A. 体检信息
B. 家族病史信息
C. 工作简
历信息
D. 个人基本信息
E. 健康现状信息
63. 在使用比较声称时，所声称的能量和营养成分含量差异必须 ( )。
A. ≥10％
B. ≥15％
C. ≥20％
D. ≥25％
E. ≥55％
64. 下列关于食品添加剂的描述，正确的有( )。
A. 食品添加剂是人为加入到食品中的化学合成或天然物质
B. 食品添加剂可以改善食品的色、香、味，以掩盖食品的天然不足
和变质
C. 食品添加剂对营养成分不应有破坏作用
D. 苯甲酸钠和山梨酸钾是常用的抗氧化剂
E. 营养强化剂不属于食品添加剂
65. 下列哪些不是食品检验中常用的取样方法( )。
A. 四分法
B. 几何法
C. 任意法
D. 全部测
定 E. 混匀法
66. 用食物交换份法编制食谱的特点有( )。
A．粗略 B．精细 C．快速 D．花费时间长
E. 经济
67. 膳食应满足人体对能量及各种营养素的需要，要求能量和营养素( )。
A. 数量要充足
B. 符合或基本符合RNI或AI
C. 允许的浮动范围在参考摄入量规定的±10%以内
D. 允许的浮动范围在参考摄入量规定的±20%以内
E. 允许的浮动范围在参考摄入量规定的±30%以内
68. 平衡膳食设计中关键的问题是( )。
A. 食物原料品种的选择
B. 食物原料数量的确定
C. 能量的确定
D. 机体需要量的确定
E. 个人饮食偏好的实现
69. 尿液的保存方法有( )。
A. 冷藏于4℃
B. 加入福尔马林
C. 加
入麝香草酚
D. 加入浓盐酸
E. 加入氯仿
70. 成人体格测量的主要指标有( )。
A. 腰围
B. 上臂围
C. 身高
D. 臀围
E. 体重
71. 膳食营养素参考摄入量是指一组平均膳食营养素摄入量的参考值，它包括了( )。
A. RNI
B. RDA
C. EAR
D. AL
E. UL
72. 食物成分表中有的数据是通过化学测定取得的，如( )。
A. 蛋白质
B. 脂肪
C. 碳水化合物
D. 能量
E. 维生素C
73. 食物成分表中，微量营养素的表示单位是( )。
A. 千克
B. 克
C. 毫克
D. 微克
E. 千卡
74. 膳食调查最基本的内容是( )。
A. 被调查对象一定时间内食物消耗的种类与名称
B. 被调查对象的餐次分配
C. 调查对象食物的加工方法
D. 被调查对象一定时间内食物的消费量
E. 被调查对象一定时间内的饮食习惯
75. 被可以保护和减少营养素损失的措施有( )。
A. 加醋
B. 加碱
C. 勾芡
D. 焯水
E. 挂糊上浆
76. 下列热菜的烹调方法中，属于油熟法的是( )。
A. 炸
B. 煎
C. 煮
D. 熘
E. 烹
77. 以下属于社区营养管理的内容的有( )。
A. 社区卫生管理
B. 社区病患者护理
C. 社区营养监测、干预和评价
D. 社区营养改善
E. 了解社区人群营养和健康状况及其影响因素
78. 合理营养能够( )。
A. 提高机体的抗病能力
B. 改善人际关系
C. 提高工作效率
D. 预防和治疗某些疾病
E. 延年益寿
79. 平衡的膳食( )。
A. 能满足人体的能量和营养素的需求
B. 无毒无害
C. 能够消化和吸收
D. 动物性食物多于植物性食物
E. 植物性食物多于动物性食物
80. 下列能产生霉菌毒素的霉菌有( )。
A. 黄曲霉
B. 展青霉
C. 杂色曲霉
D. 镰刀菌
E. 黄绿曲霉
81. 牛乳中的矿物质受 ( )因素的影响。
A. 品种
B. 饲料
C. 泌乳期
D. 湿度
E. 温度
82.属于油脂类坚果的有( )。
A. 核桃
B. 松子
C. 栗子
D. 香榧
E. 花生
83. 下列有关菌藻类食物营养特点描述正确的有 ( )。
A. 菌藻类食物富含蛋白质、膳食纤维、碳水化合物、维生素和微量元素
B. 菌藻类食物中的蛋白质氨基酸组成比较均衡
C. 菌藻类食物中的必需氨基酸含量低
D. 菌藻类食物中的脂肪含量比较低，约为1%
E. 菌藻类食物中的碳水化合物含量各品种间的差别不大
84. 豆类脂肪中所含的不饱和脂肪酸有( )。
A. 油酸
B. 亚油酸
C. 甾醇
D. 磷脂
E. 亚麻酸
85. 学龄前儿童膳食指南的内容包括( )。
A. 保证吃好正餐
B. 少吃零食
C. 控制食糖摄入
D. 重视户外活动
E. 要节食
86.维生素C的生理功能有( )。
A. 促进胶原合成
B. 清除自由基
C. 促进铁的吸收
D. 促进抗体形成
E. 促进蛋白质形成
87. 维生素B1广泛存在于天然食物中，但含量随食物种类而异，且受( )等条件的影响。
A. 收获
B. 储存
C. 烹调
D. 加工
E. 运输
88. 下列对视黄醇当量表述正确的有 ( )。
A. 视黄醇当量是指包括视黄醇和β-胡萝卜素在内的具有维生素A活
性物质所相当的视黄醇量
B. 1IU维生素A等于0.3μg的视黄醇当量
C. 1μg的β-胡萝卜素相当于1.67μg的视黄醇当量
D. 1μg的β-胡萝卜素相当于1.67μg的维生素A
E. 1μg的β-胡萝卜素相当于0.167μg的视黄醇当量
89.钾的生理功能的有( )。
A. 维持细胞内正常渗透压
B. 维持体液酸碱平衡
C.
降低血脂
D. 维持糖、蛋白质的正常代谢
E. 防止酸中毒
90.人体中需要的常量元素有( )。
A. 钙
B. 磷
C. 锌
D. 钠E．镁
91. 下列对膳食脂肪评价正确的有( )。
A. 植物性食物中的脂肪优于动物性食物中的脂肪
B. 人体的脂肪来源至少50%来源于植物性食物
C. 胆固醇只存在于动物性食物中
D. 人体的小肠、肝脏能够合成部分胆固醇
E. 猪脑中的胆固醇的含量远远高于鸡肝
92. 下列选项中，属于必需氨基酸的有( )。
A. 谷氨酸
B. 色氨酸
C. 丙氨酸
D. 苯丙氨酸
E. 赖氨酸
93. 50g碳水化合物可产生能量( )。
A. 200kcal
B. 840.5kJ
C. 215kcal
D. 878.6kJ
E. 858.6kJ
94. 一般在人体内不提供能量的营养素有（ ）。
A. 蛋白质
B. 膳食纤维
C. 脂肪
D. 维生素
E. 水
95. 内分泌系统包括( )。
A. 垂体
B. 甲状腺
C. 松果体
D. 肾上腺
E. 胸腺
96. 循环系统包括( )。
A. 心脏
B. 动脉血管
C. 静脉血管
D. 毛细血管
E. 淋巴系统
97. 下列对胃表述不正确的是( )。
A. 胃有容纳食物的作用
B. 胃具有分泌胃酸和胃蛋白酶原的作用
C. 胃不可以吸收部分营养素
D. 胃可以吸收部分营养素
E. 胃能够吸收脂肪、蛋白质等营养素
98. 人体的基本组织有( )。
A. 上皮组织
B. 结缔组织
C. 肌组织
D. 血液组织
E. 神经组织
99. 职业道德就是从事一定职业的人,在工作和劳动过程中,所应遵守的、与其职业活动紧密相关的 ( )。
A. 道德情操
B. 道德品质
C. 道德准则
D. 道德原则和规范的总和
E. 以上都是
100. 敬业是一种对待自己职业的应有态度,它的核心要求是( )
A. 对待工作可以应付了事
B. 对待工作勤奋努力,精益求精
C. 努力工作只为挣钱养家
D. 认真工作是为了受到领导,群众的好评
E. 努力工作,全心全意,尽职尽责
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大学英语四级试卷-英语四级考试模拟题及答7
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Calculate for a moment what could be done with even a part of those hours. Five thousand hours, I am told, are what a typical college undergraduate spends working on a bachelor's degree. In 10,000 hours you could have learned enough to become an astronomer or engineer. You could have learned several languages fluently. If it appealed to you, you could be reading Homer in the original Greek or Dostoyevsky in Russian. If it didn't, you could have walked around the world and written a book about it. The trouble with television is that it discourages concentration. Almost anything interesting and rewarding in life requires some constructive, consistently applied effort. The dullest, the least gifted of us can achieve things that seem miraculous to those who never concentrate on anything. But Television encourages us to apply no effort. It sells us instant gratification(满意). It diverts us only to divert, to make the time pass without pain. Television's variety becomes a narcotic(麻醉的), nor a stimulus. Its serial, kaleidoscopic (万花筒般的)exposures force us to follow its lead. The viewer is on a perpetual guided tour: 30 minutes at the museum, 30 at the cathedral, 30 for a drink, then back on the bus to the next attraction—except on television., typically, the spans allotted arc on the order of minutes or seconds, and the chosen delights are more often car crashes and people killing one another. In short, a lot of television usurps(篡夺;侵占) one of the most precious of all human gifts, the ability to focus your attention yourself, rather than just passively surrender it. Capturing your attention—and holding it—is the prime motive of most television programming and enhances its role as a profitable advertising vehicle. Programmers live in constant fear of losing anyone's attention—anyone's. The surest way to avoid doing so is to keep everything brief, not to strain the attention of anyone but instead to provide constant stimulation through variety, novelty, action and movement. Quite
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精品文档 2014年6月大学英语四级考试真题及答案（完整版） 来源：文都教育 Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the following topic. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit your hometown, what is the most interesting place you would like to take him/her to see and why? 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 1. A) See a doctor about her strained shoulder. B) Use a ladder to help her reach the tea. C) Replace the cupboard with a new one. D) Place the tea on a lower shelf next time. 2. A) At Mary Johnson's. C) In an exhibition hall. B) At a painter's studio. D) Outside an art gallery. 3. A) The teacher evaluated lacks teaching experience. B) She does not quite agree with what the man said. C) The man had better talk with the students himself. D) New students usually cannot offer a fair evaluation. 4. A) He helped Doris build up the furniture. B) Doris helped him arrange the furniture.
2014-2019历年大学英语四级真题及答案
2014-2019历年大学英语四级真题及答案 2014年6月大学英语四级考试真题 Part I Writing （30 minutes） Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the following question. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit China, what is the first place you would like to take him/her to see and why? Part II Listening Comprehension （30 minutes） Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A）, B）, C）and D）, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 1. A）The man should visit the museums. B）She can’t stand the hot weather. C）The beach resort is a good choice. D）She enjoys staying in Washington. 2. A）Her new responsibilities in the company. B）What her job prospects are. C）What the customers’ feedbac k is. D）The director’s opinion of her work. 3. A）Combine her training with dieting. B）Repeat the training every three days. C）Avoid excessive physical training. D）Include weightlifting in the program. 4. A）When she will return home. B）Whether she can go by herself. C）Whether she can travel by air. D）When she will completely recover. 5. A）The woman knows how to deal with the police. B）The woman had been fined many times before. C）The woman had violated traffic regulations. D）The woman is good at finding excuses. 6. A）Switch off the refrigerator for a while. B）Have someone repair the refrigerator. C）Ask the man to fix the refrigerator. D）Buy a refrigerator of better quality. 7. A）He owns a piece of land in the downtown area. B）He has got enough money to buy a house. C）He can finally do what he has dreamed of. D）He is moving into a bigger apartment. 8. A）She is black and blue all over. B）She has to go to see a doctor. C）She stayed away from work for a few days. D）She got hurt in an accident yesterday.