河南省郑州市第一中学2018-2019学年高二上学期入学测试英语试题含答案

20届高二入学测试英语试题

完形填空（每题1.5分）

The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has

(1) across the Web.

Can privacy be preserved (2) bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly (3) ？

Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation's cyber-czar, offered the federal government a (4) to make the Web a safer place---- a "voluntary trusted identity" system that would be the high-tech (5) of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled (6) one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential (7) to a specific computer, and would authenticate users at a range of online services.

The idea is to (8) a federation of private online identity systems. User could (9) which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver's license (10) by the government.

Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these "single sign-on" systems that make it possible for users to (11) just once but use many different services.

(12) , the approach would create a "walled garden" cyberspace, with safe "neighborhoods" and bright "streetlights" to establish a sense of a (13) community. Mr. Schmidt described it as a "voluntary ecosystem" in which "individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with (14) ,trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructrue (15) which the transaction runs".

Still, the administration's plan has (16) privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would (17) be a compulsory Internet "driver's license" mentality.

The plan has also been greeted with (18) by some computer security experts, who worry that the "voluntary ecosystem" envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet (19) . They argue that all Internet users should be (20) to register and identify themselves, in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.

(1)A．swept B．skipped C．walked D．ridden

(2)A．for B．within C．while D．though

(3)A．careless B．lawless C．pointless D．helpless

(4)A．reason B．reminder C．compromise D．proposal

(5)A . information B．interference C．entertainment D．equivalent

(6)A. by B. into C. from D. over

(7)A. linked B. directed C. chained D. compared

(8)A. dismiss B. discover C. create D. improve

(9)A. recall B. suggest C. select D. realize

(10)A. released B. issued C. distributed D. delivered

(11)A. carry on B. linger on C. set in D. log in

(12)A. In vain B. In effect C. In return D. In cintrast

(13)A. trusted B. modernized C. thriving D. competing

(14)A. caution B. delight C. confidence D. patience

(15)A. on B. after C. beyond D. across

(16)A. divided B. disappointed C. protected D. united

(17)A. frequently B. incidentally C. occassionally D. eventually

(18)A. skepticism B. tolerence C. indifference D. enthusiasm

(19)A. manageable B. defendable C. vulnerable D. invisible

(20)A. invited B. appointed C. allowed D. forced

阅读理解（共两节，满分60分）

第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A.

Our math test started and I was sitting there and working away quite quickly. I looked around with 15 minutes left, because I had finished and was checking my test.

I noticed something very special!

Mr. Ward was staring right at one of the kids that seemed to be only halfway done with his test. Every test we took, there was always one guy scrambling at the last minute to finish his test. He would turn the pages and you saw blank spot after blank spot. Sometimes I even saw entire pages that were left blank. Mr. Ward did not take his eyes off this kid. It seemed strange to me. For the rest of the test, Mr. Ward watched that kid as he struggled furiously, tapping papers back and forth and writing furiously and erasing even more furiously. He seemed to use his calculator a lot more than he needed. After the test was finished, Mr. Ward gave his end of the year speech, basically along the lines of good luck and good job. Then I saw him go to the kid he was watching and tell the kid to go into the hall.

Mr. Ward walked out of the room and went into the hall silently. He closed the door and from that moment on, I heard about 4 minutes of Mr. Ward shouting at kid. He got his test torn up and a zero for the end of the year exam and also failed for the term and had to take summer school.

That was the first and the last time that I had seen Mr. Ward ever yell like that. Obviously the guy had written his answers inside the sleeve of the calculator and every time he was “using his calculator”he was really looking at the formulas and other information he had written inside of the sleeve, which was all in vain because Mr. Ward spotted it a mile away.

21.From this passage we know that ____ .

A.Mr. Ward disliked his students

B.the student Mr. Ward was staring at wasn’t good at mathematics at all

C.the student Mr. Ward was noticing was working at his test quickly

D.the author was trying to help the kid out

22.The underlined word “lines” in paragraph 4 refers to ______ .

A. the math exams

B. the summer school

C. the math papers

D. Mr. Ward’s speech

23.The student used his calculator again and again because he ____ .

A.intended to attract Mr. Ward’s attention

B.needed to calculate

C.wanted to glance at what he had hidden inside the sleeve of the calculator

D.felt too frightened to use it properly with Mr. Ward staring at him.

24.We can infer from this passage that ____ .

A.Mr. Ward was working as a math teacher for a long time.

B.the student was asking the author for help when caught cheating in the exam.

C.Mr. Ward regretted not having let the student pass the exam

D.the students were taking their final-term math exam. B

A New Island for Iceland

Reykjavik, November 16, 1963

Today I have seen a new land on fire rising from the sea – a new creation making its mark on the map of the world.

It has been clear and fine in the south of Iceland and this was an unforgettable sight as the steam clouds from the submarine volcano close to the Westman Islands rose to 25,000 feet.

The new island is now 1,500 feet long and 130 feet above sea level where the depth is 60 fathoms. It is rising still and today it has been observed from ships and aircraft. The south of Iceland, where the capital, Reykjavik, is situated, is always liable to earthquakes and eruptions. Today, from the coast about 50 miles form Reykjavik, I watched the column of steam, black then white, ever changing and rising. It reminded me of the column from an atomic bomb, though certainly more beautiful and much wilder. At the top the rays of the setting sun may be seen like a crown to the newborn island.

Thousands of people in cars, eager to see this wonder of Nature, are leaving the city of Reykjavik for the coast.

Many people said Iceland is getting much larger and they could not conceal their patriotic pride. Others said this would mean an increase in Iceland’s territorial waters. The new island would now become the southerly part of Iceland.

On the Westman Islands everyone has been out watching it. Hardly any work is done. All are spellbound.

The Westman Islanders welcome their new neighbour. They hope the eruption will not touch their own town, carrying ash and lava: but they are optimistic. The children have been given a holiday from school to see a sight that will remain in their memories until they are old.

Scientists are also busy. Some think the island will disappear again. A coastguard has got to within 500 yards of the eruption. Observers aboard said that the island is made of pumice and lava. As it rises and the craters get above sea-level, the eruption gets more like a land borne volcano.

Icelanders have already begun thinking about its name. Some want to name it after

Olafur Thors, who handed in his resignation as Prime Minister on the day the eruption started.

Others want to name it after Saint Brandan, an Irish monk who was the first to see the ocean burning near Iceland in the fifth century, 300 years before the advent of the Vikings.

Icelandic and foreign ships have been warned not to approach too near this latest eruption as unexpected flood-waves might rise, and rock formations might endanger ships.

Many fishermen will want to know if the eruption will influence the fishing as this is the chief spawning-place south of Iceland. Time will show if it will harm the fishing industries of the Westman Islands or not, where hundreds of fishing boats are stationed. Travelers of many foreign nations fish these areas, among them the British.

25.Iceland’s newborn island ______ .

A. is the only island in the south of Iceland

B. is one of the two islands in this area.

C. has arisen near the Westman Islands

D. is 25,000 feet above sea level

26.Which of the following is true?

A.The newborn island might disappear some day.

B.The Westman Islanders hate and fear the new creation

C.The new island had resulted in the resignation of Iceland’s Prime Minister.

D.Settlement of the island has begun.

27.Fishermen pay great attention to the eruption because _____ .

A.they fear it may affect their catches

B.they are like children

C.they want the island to be named in their honour

D.Iceland’s territorial waters may increase

C

Judging from recent surveys, most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic of sleepiness in the nation. “I can’t think of a single study that hasn’t found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,” says Dr. David. Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.

The beginning of our sleep-deficit crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago. From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries, sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night. “The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark.” By the 1950s and 1960s, that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically, to between 7.5

and eight hours, and most people had to wake to an alarm clock. “Peo ple cheat on their sleep, and they don’t even realize they’re doing it,” says Dr. David. “They think they’re okey because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5, eight or even more to feel ideally vigorous.”

Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep, researchers say, is the complexity of the day. Whenever pressures from work, family, friends and community mount, many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his programme. “In our society,

you’re considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5 hours’ sleep. If you’ve got to get 8.5 hours, people think y ou lack drive and ambition.”

To determine the consequences of sleep deficit, researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance test requiring them, for instance, to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier. “We’ve found that if you’re in sleep deficit, performance suffers,” says Dr. David. “short-term memory is weakened, as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate.”

28.People in the 18th and 19th centuries used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night because they had ________ .

A. no electric lighting

B. no drive and ambition

C. the best sleep habits

D. nothing to do in the evening

29.According to Dr. David, Americans ______ .

A.are ideally vigorous even under the pressure of life

B.can get by on 6.5 hours of sleep

C.do not know how to relax themselves properly

D.often neglect the consequences of sleep deficit

30.Many Americans believe that _______.

A.they need more sleep to cope with the complexities of everyday life

B.sleep is the first thing that can be sacrificed when one is busy

C.to sleep is something one can do at any time of the day

D.enough sleep promotes people’s drive and ambition

31.The word “subjects” (Line 1, Para. 4) refers to ______ .

A.the psychological consequences of sleep deficit

B.special branches of knowledge that are being studied

C.people whose behavior or reactions are being studied

D.the performance tests used in the study of sleep deficit D

Health food is a general term applied to all kinds of food that is considered more healthy than the types of food sold in supermarkets. For example, whole grains, dried beans, and corn oil are health food. A narrower classification of health food is natural food. This term is used to distinguish between types of the same food. Raw honey is a natural sweetener, while refined sugar is not. Fresh fruit is a natural food, but canned fruit, with sugars and other additives(添加剂), is into. The most exact term of all and the narrowest classification within health food is organic food, used to describe food that has been grown on a particular kind of farm. Fruits and vegetables that are grown in gardens, that are treated only with organic fertilizers, that are not sprayed with poisonous insecticides（杀虫剂）, and that are not refined after harvest, are organic food. Meat, fish, dairy and poultry products from animals that are fed only on organically-grown feed and that are not injected with hormones are organic food.

In choosing the type of food you eat, then, you have basically two choices: inorganic, processed food, or organic, unprocessed food. A wise decision should include study of the reason why processed food contains chemicals, some of which are proved to be poisonous and that vitamin content is greatly reduced in processed food.

Bread is typically used by health food supporters as an example of a processed food. First, the seeds from which the grain is grown are treated with a chemical which is extremely harmful. Later. The grain is sprayed with a number of very deadly insecticides. After the grain has been made into flour, it is made white with another chemical which is also poisonous. Next, a dough conditioner is added along with a softener. The conditioner and softener are poisons, and in fact, the softener has sickened and killed experimental animals.

A very poisonous anti-fungal compound, is added to keep the bread from getting moldy.

Other food from the supermarket would show a similar pattern of processing and preserving. You see, we buy our food on the basis of smell, color, and texture, instead of vitamin content, and manufacturers give us what we want, even if it is poisonous. The alternative? Eat health foods, preferably the organic variety.

32.What is the passage mainly about?

A. Health food.

B. The processing of bread

C. Processed food

D. Poisons

33.What do all of the additives in bread have in common?

A.They are all used to keep the bread from getting moldy.

B.They are all poisonous.

C.They are all organic.

D.They have all killed laboratory animals.

34.What happens to food when it is processed?

A.The basic content remains the same.

B.Vitamin is not available after processing.

C.The vitamin content increases a bit.

D.The vitamin content is greatly reduced.

35.We normally buy food on the basis of ________ .

A. organic variety

B. beauty

C. refined contents

D. color and texture

第二节（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

E

Millions of people around the world cook their food over a smoky fire every day. It is often difficult to find wood for the fire. People who do not have wood must spend lots of money on cooking fuel. 36. ______________

Solar cookers , or ovens , have been used for centuries. A Swiss scientist made the first solar oven in 1767. 37. ______________ People use solar ovens to cook food and to heat drinking water to kill bacteria and other harmful organisms.

There are three kinds of solar ovens. The first is a box cooker. It is designed with a special wall that shines or reflects sunlight into the box. Heat is trapped under a piece of glass or plastic covering the top of the cooker. The second kind of solar oven is a panel cooker. It includes several flat walls, or panels, that directly reflect the sun’s light onto the food. The food is inside some containers of plastic or glass that traps

heat energy. People can build panel cookers quickly and with very few supplies.

38. _____________ I n Kenya, for example, panel cookers are being made for just two dollars. The third kind of solar oven is a parabolic(像抛物线的)cooker. It has rounded walls that aim sunlight directly into the bottom of the oven. However, these cookers are hard to make. 39. _________ P arabolic cookers can also cause burns and eye injuries if they are not used correctly.

You can make solar ovens from boxes or heavy paper. 40. __________ Paper burns at 232℃. A solar cooker never gets so hot. Solar ovens cook food at low temperatures over long periods of time. This permits people to leave food to cook while they do other things.

A.They will not catch fire.

B.However, there is a much easier way to cook food using energy from the sun.

C.Today, people are using solar cookers in many countries around the world.

D.This oven is effective for slow cooking of lots of food.

E.They do not cost much.

F.They must be moved often to follow the sun.

G.Food cooks quickly in these ovens.

第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分55分）

第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Home, sweet home

It was December 22. The bitter wind swept the countless snowflakes across my front yard. My dad was there sweeping the 41.____ His nose was red as a cherry. With every breath he took, a white puff 42___ into the air.

Inside, my mother was 43___ the last of the boxes. As I entered the front door, the 44____ that after today I wouldn’t enter through that door ever again 45____ a hole in my stomach. I picked up my dog and sat Indian style with him in my lap on

the 46 ____ , wooden floor. I had no 47____ but to sit on the floor, for there was no longer any furniture occupying my house. I sat there in a daze（恍惚）, just 48 ____ . There was no reason for my parents to make me, a once 49 ____12-year-old kid, 50 _____. I had two best friends right across the street; I did well in school and I always kept my room clean. 51____, this was “my house”. By no means did I want a couple of 52____ living here. These recurring thoughts 53____ around in my mind and I couldn’t find an answer.

Out of the front window I could see the orange top of a truck pulling in the cleaned driveway and I knew it was the other U-Haul. Instantly three men came __54__ in the back door like World War III was starting.

I watched 55___ as the men, my mother and my dad loaded the truck. My dog even winced（畏缩）as he stared out of the window. I wondered if he was 56____, too, or if he just wished to

play outside in the snow.

My mum came in, looking solemn（凝重）for my sake, I imagined. She turned 57 _____ the overhead light, put the 58____ in my arm and took me out of the back

door. A totally 59 ___ feeling filled my heart. For the first time in my life, I wondered what 60 _____ would be to me tomorrow.

41.A. stairs B. garden C. sidewalk D.driveway

42.A. escaped B. flew C. Rose D.flowed

43.A. piling B. packing C. collecting D.locking

44.A. idea B. dream C. thought D.worry

45.A. cut B. burned C. Shot D.made

46.A. cold B. wet C. Broken D.messy

47.A. choice B. way C. solution D.means

48.A. dreaming B. thinking C. Staring D.crying

49.A. diligent B. clever C. happy D.honest

50.A. remain B. cry C. suffer D.move

51.A. However B. Besides C. Therefore D.Yet

52.A. neighbors B. strangers C. visitors D.elders

53.A. came B. Traveled C. danced D.flowed

54.A. running B. laughing C. Talking D.whistling

55.A. curiously B. motionlessly C. Carefully D.helplessly

56.A. afraid B. angry C. sad D.lonely

57.A. down B. off C. on D.up

58.A. box B. dog C. bag D.hand

59.A. excited B. eager C. empty D.mixed

60.A. life B. school C. home D. world

第Ⅱ卷

第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Two years ago, I thought of nothing but work. My only interest was 61____ things that would improve my resume and my job prospects. One day, I was looking at my resume and I realized that I needed to add some volunteer work to it. I decided to spend time with a young boy who 62 ____(lose) his parents in a car accident. I thought I would teach this boy, David, many valuable life 63 ____ (lesson) and give him a head start in the world. In the end, though, it was David 64____ taught me something.

The first project David and I undertook together was to write a story. I thought I would teach him about grammar and how to structure a story the way my high school creative writing teacher had taught me. I imagined that David would grow up 65_____ (be) a great writer and dedicate his first book to me. When we began to write, I was amazed at how fast David came up with ideas. When I tried to slow him down 66____ (explain) the finer points of composition, he wasn’t interested. He had a story to tell, and he didn’t care about structure and style. I decided to let him have free reign over the story, and I kept my mouth shut. In the end, it was the 67____ (good) story I’d ever read.

Soon, my own imagination started running wild. When I got home, I started writing with no concern for structure or style. What’s more, I had no intention of trying to

have it 68____ (publish)! I was having fun, and that was all that mattered. That is the lesson that David taught me. Now, I do things because I enjoy 69____ (do) them, not because of how it 70 ____ (look) on my resume.

第四部分写作（共两节；满分35分）

第一节短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分l0分)

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误设计一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号( ∧ ),并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用( \ ) 划掉。

修改：在错的词下面画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.没出错误及其修改均仅限一次；

2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

It is Sunday. Mrs. Read got up early in the Morning. She had some housework to do it. After breakfast she has a look at the watch and found it had stopped work. She bought it ten years ago, so she wanted buy a new one. Her daughter Sue was only four. Her husband was busy with his works and nobody looked for Sue. The woman could not let her to stay at home. So she took Sue to the shop in the town with she. It was a good day, Mrs. Read and her daughter went to the three floor in order to choose her favorite watch.

第二节：书面表达（满分25分）

假如你是李华，你的英国朋友Tom来信询问雾霾严重时你校如何保证正常上课。请你根据以下要点给Tom回信：

1．政府在为学校安装新风系统；

2．家长在为学校捐赠空气净化器；

3．学校减少学生不必要的户外活动。

参考词汇：雾霾haze; 新风系统fresh air system; 空气净化器air purifier

注意：

1．词数100 左右；

2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

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