英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类-初中英语

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英语语法：名词的分类

一般来说，名词根据意义可分为普通名词和专有名词，根据形式可分为简单名词和复合名词。

一、普通名词
表示一类人或物，或表示某种物体名称或抽象概念的名词为普通名词。

普通名词包括个体名词和集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词四类。

通常个体名词和集体名词视为可数名词，物质名词和抽象名词视为不可数名词。

1、个体名词
表示某类人或事物中的个体的名词称为个体名词。

2、集体名词
表示若干个个体组合而成的集合体的名词称为集体名词。

3、物质名词
表示无法分为个体实物的名词成为物质名词，有固体、液体、气
体三种形态。

4、抽象名词
表示人或事物的品质、情感、状态、动作等抽象概念以及学科、
疾病等的名词成为抽象名词。

二、专有名词
表示特定的个人、地方、机构、组织、星期、月份、节日等名称的词称为专有名词。

一般第一个字母都要大写。

专有名词中每一个单词的第一个字母一般都要大写，其中冠词和部分较短的介词可以不大写，也可以将所有的字母动要大写。

三、复合名词。

单个名词称为简单名词，而由单个名词加一个或一个以上的名词或其他词类组成的词称为复合名词。

初中英语语法—名词

*He does little housework at home.
3.常用a piece of, a cup of, a glass of,a bottle of等来表示不可数名词的量,单复数表现在of 前面的名词上，而 of 后始终是单数 *There is a piece of paper in the book.
China’s population = the population of China (中国的人口)
5.“of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”,称为双重
所有格,如： a friend of my father’s(我父亲的一位朋友) a friend of Tom’s father’s (汤姆父亲的一位朋友) a friend of mine/yours(我/你的一位朋友) a friend of his/hers(他/她的一位朋友) a friend of ours/theirs(我们/他们的一位朋友)
初中英语语法
Nouns 名词
稻田一中roper Nouns）和普通名词。 (Common Nouns。
专有名词：表示个别的人、事物、地点等专有的名称。专有名词第一个字母要大写
Lucy China the Summer Palace
普通名词：分为可数名词和不可数名词
*Three glasses of orange are on the desk.
取决于 glasses
注意：可数名词也可用量来表示， of 后用复数 * There are two bags of clothes over there.
* We have five boxes of apples.
4.有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等

初中语法------名词

初中语法--------名词名词的分类：名词可以分为专有名词（Proper Nouns）和普通名词(Common Nouns），专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，注意这类词的中心词的第一个字母要大写。

常见的专有名词有：国家名称——China, Japan, England, Cuba, Australia, Brazil, France…；语言——Chinese, Japanese, English, French…；人名/地名——Zhou Enlai, Jim, New York, Shanghai…由普通名词构成的专有名词——the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Palace of Museum; the People’s Hospital……。

普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。

普通名词又可分为下面四类：（1）个体名词（Individual Nouns）：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：pen, student, desk, book, bike。

（2）集体名词（Collective Nouns）：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family, class, people, school。

（3）物质名词（Material Nouns）：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air, water, paper。

（4）抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work, time, news。

个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词（Countable Nouns），物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）。

归纳一下，名词的分类可以下图表示：类别用法例词普通名词可数名词个体名词表示某类人或东西中的个体Pen, student, desk集体名词表示若干个个体组成的集合体School, family, class不可数名词物质名词表示无法分为个体的实物Tea, water, paper抽象名词表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念Work, time, news专有名词某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称Marx, Shanghai, china, The Great Wall, Party类别用法例词普通名词可数名词个体名词表示某类人或东西中的个体Pen, student, desk集体名词表示若干个个体组成的集合体School, family, class不可数名词物质名词表示无法分为个体的实物Tea, water, paper抽象名词表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念Work, time, news专有名词某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称Marx, Shanghai, china, The Great Wall,有些名词在一种场合下属于这一类，在另一种场合下又属于那一类。

英语语法名词用法

名词：1、英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类：1、专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。

专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。

如：Beijing, Tom, the People’s Republic of China(中华人民共和国)专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语,则必须使用定冠词the。

如：the Great Wall(长城)姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),如：the Greens( 格林一家人)。

2、普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。

如：pupil, family, man, foot.普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。

▲可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如：box, child, orange；▲不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。

如：water, news, oil, population, information .2、英语可数名词的单复数：英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。

1、名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下：①在单数名词词尾加s。

如：map →maps,boy→boys,horse→horses, table→tables.②s,o,x ,sh,ch结尾的词加es.如：class→classes, box→boxes, hero→heroes, dish→dishes,bench→benches.[注]：少数以o结尾的词,变复数时只加s。

如：photo→photos, piano→pianos.③以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。

如：family→families, city→cities, party →parties.④以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。

如：shelf→shelves, wolf→wolves, life→lives, knife→knives.2、不规则变化：man→men, woman→women, sheep→sheep,tooth→teeth, fish→fish, child→children, ox→oxen, goose→geese不可数名词一般没有复数形式,说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词。

初中英语语法名词

初中英语语法词法部分（一）名词考点一：名词单复数（了解）名词的种类：英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类：规则名词复数的变化：Tip：变fe为ves的口诀：小偷和妻子用架子上的刀结束了树叶和狼的生命。

不规则名词复数：考点二：名词所有格（了解）名词在句中表示所属关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格，相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。

所有格分三种：一是名词词尾加’s构成，二是由介词of加名词构成。

前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。

三是双重所有格.（1）所有格的构成（2）有些表示时间、距离、度量衡、价值、自然现象、国家、城镇等无生命东西的名词，也可以加's构成所有格。

（3）of所有格的用法：用于无生命的东西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book, a map of the world , the story of a hero , the windows of the room , the title of the film（4）双重所有格在意义上与"one of..."相似：名词专项训练（一）一．选择题（）1、"It depends on my ______decision．"the mother said and looked at her two sons．A．childrens' B．children's C．child D．child's（）2、10 September is on ________Day.A TeacherB TeachersC Teacher’sD Teachers’（）3、On Day, we should give our best wishes to our mothers.A WomanB Women’sC Woman’sD Women’s（）4、Do you know when is Day.A FathersB Father’sC Fathers’Father（）5、Fruit is good for health，so I often have breakfast with one．A．candy B．cakeC．banana D．hamburger（）6、﹣The dishes in this restaurant must be very expensive．﹣Don't worry．You can enjoy yourself．It's my _________．A．time B．treat C．task D．taste（）7、﹣Nowadays more and more foreigners are becoming interested in Beijing Opera．﹣That's true．It's an important part of Chinese____________．A．culture B．invention C．custom（）8、The New Silk Road will offer a good _____ for more nations to communicate．A．chance B．habit C．question D．price（）9、Each couple in China can have two_____from January 1st，2016A．boy B．girl C．children D．child（）10、It's sports time．Most ________ students in Class 1are playing football on the playground．（）A．boy B．boys C．boy's D．boys'（）11、we should show our respects to those，they are very important to us.A woman doctorB women doctorC women doctorsD women doctor（）12、Those are all from famous colleges.A man teachersB men teachersC man’s teachersD men’s teachers（）13、I need to buy a pair of shoes，do you know where I can find a shop?A shoesB shoe'sC shoes’D shoe（）14、Our school will have a meeting tomorrow, we are all very excited.A sportB sportsC sport’sD sports’（）15、There is a new store near my home ，would you go with me ?A clothB clotheC clothesD clothes’（）16、Yibin is one of the most beautiful ____in Sichuan．A．city B．cities C．citys D cityies（）17、Do you know one of the name ? （）A masterB mastersC masters’D master’s（）18、He is one of the best in our school. （）A studentB studentsC students’D student’s（）19、﹣There are many _____ about this farm．﹣Yes，lots of _____ are planted on it．（）A．photo；potato B．photos；potatosC．photos；potatoes D．photoes；potatoes（）20、Tom’s familylarge , there are only four in it.A aren't ；people；B isn't ；peoplesC aren't ；peoplesD isn't ；people（）21、His familyall music lovers.A isB areC beD were（）22、The government going to build a dam here.A isB areC beD was（）23、The government having meetings on how to solve the air problem.A areB isC wereD be（）24、the police looking for him everywhere.（）A areB isC amD be（）25、﹣How far is your home from school？﹣About ______ ride．（）A．ten minute's B．ten minutes' C．ten minutes（）26、There'll be a ________meeting next week，and my parents will ______come for it．A．parents'；all B．parents'；bothC．parent's；all D．parent's；both（）27、﹣Are you sure this is a photo _______，the famous comedy actress？﹣It surprised you，didn't it？But she was once really thin．A．Jia Ling B．Jia Ling'sC．of Jia Ling D．of Jia Ling's（）28、"John，is the book on the desk yours？""No，it's my ．She left it here yesterday．"A．sister's B．sister C．sisters'（）29、room is big and nice．A．Kate's and Jane's B．Kate's and JaneC．Kate and Jane's（）30、﹣Mike，what club do you want to join？﹣Well，I want to join the club．I love painting．A．chess B．sports C．art D．English（）31、Peter did't tell his parents that he was going home because he wanted to give them a_______A．note B．surprise C．call D．gift（）32、﹣Whatdo you like？﹣I like playing tennis and running．A．subjects B．music C．sports（）33、Lily often helps her mother do some cooking in the ______．A．kitchen B．garden C．bathroom D．bedroom（）34、The broken ______may cut into your hand if you touch it，you should be careful．A．glass B．glasses C．candle D．Candles（）35、﹣Mom，I will eat less fast food this year，believe me．﹣If you make a ________，you must keep it．A．joke B．noise C．mistake D．promise（）36、﹣﹣﹣Look!So many colorful bicycles in two lines over there．﹣﹣﹣They're for public．This ______ of green smart traffic is everywhere in Xiangyang city．A．number B．pair C．kind D．piece（）37、He was born in Germany，but he has made China his ______．A．family B．address C．house D．home（）38、It's cold today．Take your______ with you when you go out．A．knife B．coat C．brush D．key（）39、﹣Who is the person you admire the most？﹣Qian Xuesen，the Father of China's Missiles．He is the ______ of China．A．leader B．pride C．voice（）40、﹣﹣﹣Why did Lucy look unhappy？﹣﹣﹣Because she was so careless that she made many spelling____in her homework．A．friends B．plans C．decisions D．mistakes（）41、Some old people need a _______ because they feel lonely．A．gift B．stick C．pet D．watch（）42、﹣﹣﹣It's hot today．Have some ________，please．﹣﹣﹣No，thanks．I'm not thirsty at all．A．water B．potatoes C．bread D．cakes（）43、When the man went through the forest alone，he lost his _______ and felt afraid．A．Task B．work C．way D．Job（）44、﹣﹣Are you going out with Jade tonight？﹣﹣That's my ．Mind your own!A．offer B．Business C．question D．chance（）45、Your _______ is very helpful．I guess I'll take it．A．secret B．advice C．promise D．purpose名词专项训练（二）1.my cousin likes doing （体育）.2.Do you know any of the (child ) name ?3.They come from . they are . (England)4.She is a good (swim).5.(swim ) in the river is dangerous.6.How many (年级) are there in your school ?7.The (主人) of the dogs look after them well.8.The (swim) are trying their best.9.This picture is my (表弟).10.These cloths are those (swim).11.One of the basketball (play) is from England.12.Do you know the (run) over there ?13.The book must be one of my (teacher).14.We have eleven tennis (play) in our new team.15.This is our (one) lesson.16.I hope Li Hua’s (dream) come true.17.The bag isn’t mine , it must be someone (else) .18.You can find Lily in the(read) room.19.Those doctors saved a lot of people, they are my (hero).20.My friends like playing (football)4．After class，children went out of their classroom to enjoy the（warm）of the sun．5．There were（thousand）of people at the concert．6．There used to be many（wolf），but only a few of them remain today．7．A dictionary is useful for us to understand new words．（改为复数形式）useful for us to understand new words．8．By the end of this month，people in Beijing will be able to brush their（tooth）with water from Hubei．9．Please accept our best w（祝愿）for your exams．10．In the famous competition，（获胜者）always get very good prize．11．Having a good is necessary for us all．（educate）12．I saw some（German）and Englishmen dancing in the street the day before yesterday．13．He Jiong，a host from Hunan TV，was very famous in his（twenty）．14．Emily published her fifth two﹣million﹣word novel in her．（thirty）15．may live in the deep ocean some day．（human）16．The program introduced how the police dealt with two in the small town．（robbery）17．Leaving the windows open is just inviting to enter．（thief）18．We had to go there on foot．After the two（hour）walk，we were tired out．19．It's lime lo have a rest．Let's go out for a（呼吸）of fresh air．20．When I was younger，my h was collecting stamps，but now I like painting．21．There is no doubt that Moyan is a great（succeed）with Nobel Prize．22．He made a（decide）not to spend too much time playing video games．23．Don't be afraid of making．They help you learn．（mistake）24．Thousands of（visitor）come to my hometown Suqian every year．25．The soldier saved the boy from the flood with a piece of．（wooden）26．Lots of people surf the Internet to look for some about the missing plane．（information ）27．Which team do you think will be the（win）of the 20th FIFA World Cup？28．My father's job is different from those（spaceman）．29．After so many（year）practice，Li Na is a well﹣known tennis player．30．In my hometown，lots of trees are full of green all year round．（leaf）31．Thanks to your（suggest），l got to complete the job in time．32．Look at the（photo）．How beautiful they are!33．Our modern times need more and more（hero）for us to learn from．34．The kangaroo comes from Australia．It eats grass and（leaf）．35．It is well﹣known that there are four（季节）in a year．36．Many people do not know the（important）of the wetlands．37．The beautiful toy car is（Bob）．38．（child）Day is my favourite festival in the year．39．David is good at drawing and he's going to be an（art）when he grows up．40．We do lots of outdoor（active）when spring comes．41．He is friendly to his classmates，and has made many（friend）here．42．Many new（potato）will grow from one potato planted in the ground．43．Look，Mum!All the boxes in the room are filled with（蔬菜）．44．Several（foreign）came to visit our school last week．45．The teachers often talk to us about the of smoking．（dangerous）46．What a heavy！Take an umbrella when you go out．47.Now I can speak in English and keep (日记) in English.48.How many (手表) do you have ?49.What time is it ? it is a (一刻钟) past one .50.Every day ,we do morning (锻炼) at school.51.Thanks for your (祝愿).52.It’s good for our eyes to do eye (锻炼).53.Are there any in your school ? yes, we often go to read books in it.54.We enjoy watching the (firework) on New Year's Eve.1．（2016•平顶山一模）There is no enough ____ in the fridge to put the meat．（）A．space B．place C．floor D．ground2．（2016•济南一模）﹣Why do you look so excited，Timmy？﹣I've just got a good________．（）A．news B．job C．advice D．work3．（2016•济南一模）Mike and his friends are going to the ________to see the new movie tonight．（）A．bookshop B．restaurant C．cinema D．concert二．填空题（共43小题）4．（2015•临沂）After class，children went out of their classroom to enjoy the___ （warm）of the sun．5．（2015•临沂）There were_____ （thousand）of people at the concert．6．（2015•安顺）There used to be many（wolf），but only a few of them remain today．7．（2015•上海）A dictionary is useful for us to understand new words．（改为复数形式）Dictionarie useful for us to understand new words．8．（2015•临沂）By the end of this month，people in Beijing will be able to brush their____（tooth）with water from Hubei．9．（2015•安徽）Please accept our best w （祝愿）for your exams．10．（2015•青岛）In the famous competition，（获胜者）always get very good prize．11．（2015•红河州二模）Having a good is necessary for us all．（educate）12．（2015•兴化市一模）I saw some（German）and Englishmen dancing in the street the day before yesterday．13．（2015•兴化市一模）He Jiong，a host from Hunan TV，was very famous in his______（twenty）．14．（2015•青浦区二模）Emily published her fifth two﹣million﹣word novel in her．（thirty）15．（2015•闸北区二模）may live in the deep ocean some day．（human）16．（2015•浦东新区一模）The program introduced how the police dealt with two_______in the small town．（robbery）17．（2015•闸北区一模）Leaving the windows open is just inviting to enter．（thief）18．（2015•泗阳县模拟）We had to go there on foot．After the two（hour）walk，we were tired out．19．（2014•连云港）It's lime to have a rest．Let's go out for a（呼吸）of fresh air．20．（2014•广州）When I was younger，my h was collecting stamps，but now I like painting．21．（2014•鄂州）There is no doubt that Moyan is a great（succeed）with Nobel Prize．22．（2014•西藏）He made a（decide）not to spend too much time playing video games．23．（2014•上海）Don't be afraid of making．They help you learn．（mistake）24．（2014•宿迁）Thousands of（visitor）come to my hometown Suqian every year．25．（2014•上海）The soldier saved the boy from the flood with a piece of．（wooden）26．（2014•贵阳）Lots of people surf the Internet to look for some about the missing plane．（information ）27．（2014•盐城）Which team do you think will be the（win）of the 20th FIFA World Cup？28．（2014•东台市二模）My father's job is different from those（spaceman）．29．（2013•兰州）After so many（year）practice，Li Na is a well﹣known tennis player．30．（2012•迪庆州）In my hometown，lots of trees are full of green all year round．（leaf）31．（2012•兰州）Thanks to your（suggest），l got to complete the job in time．32．（2012•徐州）Look at the（photo）．How beautiful they are!33．（2012•泰州）Our modern times need more and more（hero）for us to learn from．34．（2012•钦州）The kangaroo comes from Australia．It eats grass and（leaf）．35．（2012•泰安）It is well﹣known that there are four seasons（季节）in a year．36．（2012•盐城）Many people do not know the（important）of the wetlands．37．（2012•西藏）The beautiful toy car is（Bob）．38．（2012•宿迁）（child）Day is my favourite festival in the year．39．（2011•临沂）David is good at drawing and he's going to be an（art）when he grows up．40．（2011•烟台）We do lots of outdoor（active）when spring comes．41．（2011•广元）He is friendly to his classmates，and has made many（friend）here．42．（2011•西藏）Many new（potato）will grow from one potato planted in the ground．43．（2011•兰州）Look，Mum! All the boxes in the room are filled with（蔬菜）．44．（2011•广西）Several（foreign）came to visit our school last week．45．（2011•昭通）The teachers often talk to us about the of smoking．（dangerous）46．（2011•吉林）What a heavy！Take an umbrella when you go out．。

初中英语语法大全：名词

初中英语语法大全：名词一名词的定义：表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词。

二名词的分类：名词可以分为专有名词（Proper Nouns）和普通名词 (Common Nouns），专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。

普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。

普通名词又可分为下面四类：1）个体名词（Individual Nouns）：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。

2）集体名词（Collective Nouns）：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。

3）物质名词（Material Nouns）：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。

4）抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。

注意专有名词一般第一个字母要大写。

专有名词前一般不加冠词。

名词的种类注意物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目来计算，称为不可数名词。

不可数名词前不能加冠词a或an来表示量。

（三）名词的数1.可数名词有单数和复数两种形式：1.单数英语中，如果我们要表示一本书、一只鸟、一棵树等概念时，要用名词的单数形式，表示名词的单数，要在名词前加冠词a或an。

This is a desk . 这是一张书桌。

There is an orange on the table . 桌上有一个橘子。

an orange 一个橘子 an new orange （×）→a new orange （○）一个新橘子a desk a old desk （×）→ an old desk （○）一张旧课桌a和an的使用区别a加在以辅音开头的名词前，如a book，a pen。

an加在以元音开头的名词前，如an egg，an apple。

注意有时a，an后面紧接的不是单数名词，而是a (an) +形容词+单数名词的形式。

(讲解1)初中英语名词的讲解

初中英语名词的讲解一、名词的意义是表示人、事物、抽象概念等名称的词。

我们通常称为名词。

例如：teacher，desk，Japanese，milk，physics等。

二、名词的分类总的来说，英语中的名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词两类。

1、专有名词：表示人、地方、事物、机构、组织等专有名称的名词。

例如：Lucy，Shanghai，the Communist Party of China，the United States 等。

专有名词的第一个字母要大写。

2、普通名词：表示某一类人或事物或表示一个抽象概念的名称的名词。

例如：worker，boy，machine等。

普通名词又可分为以下四类：（1）个体名词：表示个体的人或事物的名词。

例如：cup, desk, student等。

一般可数，有单复数形式。

（2）集体名词：表示一群人或一些事物的总称的名词。

例class,team, family等。

一般可数，有单复数形式。

（3）物质名词：表示无法分为个体的物质或材料的名词。

例如：rice, water, cotton等。

一般不可数，没有单复数之分。

（4）抽象名词：表示状态、品质、动作、情感等抽象概念的名词。

例如：love, work, life等。

一般不可数，没有单复数之分。

三、名词的数(一) 可数名词的复数形式的构成规则1. 一般情况下在名词的词尾加s，如：book -books, pencil-pencils.2. 以-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾的名词加-es，其读音为［iz］。

如：bus-buses, box-boxes, watch -watches, dish- dishes等。

3. 以-y结尾的名词：(1) 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，把y改为i再加es，读音为［iz］，如：factory -factories, company -companies等。

(2) 以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾，直接在词尾加-s，读音为［z］。

7上 Unit6语法练习：可数不可数名词讲解和练习

7上Unit6语法知识点讲解和练习可数名词和不可数名词讲解和练习从英语语法角度来讲，表示人、事物、地点、时间或抽象概念的词，我们通常称之为名词。

如：teacher, desk, Japanese, milk等均为名词。

一、名词的分类：专有名词和普通名词英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类。

专有名词主要指人名、地名及某些类人和事物专有的名称。

例如：1）人名：Mary, Mrs Green, Zhanghua 2）地名：Beijing, West Lake 3）某类人的名称：Americans, Russians 4）某些抽象事物的名称：English, Chinese 5）月份、周日及节日名称：May, Saturday, Easter 6）书名、电影及诗歌的名称：Gone with the Wind 7）对家人等的称呼：Mum, Dad, Uncle Tom 专有名词的第一个字母要大写。

普通名词指的是那些不属于特定的人名、地名、事物名称或概念名称的名词，这类名词在名词中占绝大多数。

例如，family, class, love, knowledge, life, chair, table等。

普通名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。

二、可数名词及不可数名词普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的，这类名词叫可数名词。

可数名词分为个体名词（表示某类人或事物中的个体，如worker, farmer, desk, factory等）和集体名词（表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物，如people,family 等）。

如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的，这类名词就叫不可数名词。

不可数名词分为物质名词（表示无法分为个体的物质，如meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等）和抽象名词（表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念，如work, homework, time, health, friendship等）。

英语词类--名词

名词1.1一、名词的分类英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类：1、专有名词：是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。

专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。

如：Beijing, Tom, the People’s Republic of China(中华人民共和国)2、普通名词：是许多人或事物的共有名称。

如：pupil, family, man, foot.普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。

▲可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如：box, child, orange；▲不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。

如：water, news, oil, population, information.二、名词单复数（单数可数名词变复数的规则变化）1、一般情况在可数名词词尾加-s。

例：friend →friends; cat →cats; style →styles; piece →pieces2、以s、z、x、ch 、sh 结尾的可数名词，在该词末尾加-es。

例：bus →buses; quiz →quizzes; fox →foxes; match →matches; flash →flashes3、以辅音字母+y结尾的可数名词，将y改变为i，再加-es。

例：candy →candies; fairy →fairies; lady →ladies; story →stories4、以-o结尾的可数名词，有生命的加-es，无生命的加-s。

有生命的如：tomato →tomatoes; potato →potatoes;无生命的如：piano →pianos; photo →photos.5、以-f或-fe结尾的可数名词，多为将-f或-fe改变为-ves，但有例外。

例：knife →knives; life →lives; leaf →leaves;反例：roof →roofs特殊变化改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man—men 男人；woman—women 女人；foot—feet 脚；goose—geese 鹅；mouse—mice 老鼠单复数同形sheep 羊；deer 鹿；series 一系列；means 方法；fish 鱼；species 种类；li 里；yuan元jin斤词尾加-ren或-en child—children 孩子；ox—oxen 公牛表示“某国人”加-s American—Americans 美国人；Australian—Australians 澳大利亚人German—Germans 德国人；Greek—Greeks 希腊人单复数同形Swiss 瑞士人；Portuguese 葡萄牙人；Chinese 中国人；Japanese 日本人以man或woman结尾的改为-men或-womenEnglishman—Englishmen 英国人；Frenchman—Frenchmen 法国人合成名词将主体名词变为复数son-in-law—sons-in-law 女婿；looker-on—lookers-on 旁观者passer-by—passers-by 路人；boy friend—boyfriends 男朋友无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数grown-up—grown-ups 成人；touch-me-not—touch-me-nots 凤仙花go-between—go-betweens 中间人将两部分变为复数woman singer—women singers 女歌手man servant—men servants 男仆名词所有格1.名词所有格的构成方法分类规则例词’s所有格单数名词在末尾加’sthe boy’s book 那个男孩的书Jack’s father 杰克的爸爸复数名词一般在末尾加’the teachers’ room 老师们的房间the twins’ mother 双胞胎的妈妈不规则复数名词在词尾加’sthe children’s toys 孩子们的玩具women’s rights 妇女的权力以s结尾的人名所有格加’s或者’Charles’s job 查理的工作the Smiths’house 史密斯家的房子表示各自的所有关系时，各名词末尾均须加’sMike’s and Mary’s bikes迈克和玛丽的车（不是同一辆）表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加’sMike and Mary’s bikes迈克和玛丽的车（是同一辆）of 所有格表示无生命东西的名词一般与of一起构成所有格，表示所有关系the windows of the room房间的窗户双重所有格在同一个名词词组中同时具备’s以及of（该句式表示of前面的内容和后面的内容是同类a friend of my father’s我爸爸的一个朋友2.名词所有格的用法分类基本用法例词’s所有格表示有生命的东西the boy’s book 那个男孩的书the cat’s eyes 那猫的眼睛表示时间today’s news 今天的新闻two weeks’ holiday 两周的假期表示自然现象the earth’s surface 地球的表面表示国家、城市等地方的名词China’s industry 中国的工业Nanning’s weather 南宁的天气表示距离及价值a mile’s instance 一英里的距离5 dollar s’ lunch 五美元的午餐某些固定词组 a bird’s eye view 鼠目寸光表示“某人家”、“店铺”时所有格后名词省略the doctor’s 诊所my uncle’s 我叔叔家of所有格表示无生命的东西the title of the book 书的标题the window of my room 我房间的窗表示有生命的东西（尤其是有较长定语时）the classrooms of the first-year students一年级学生的教室表示名词化的词the life of the poor 穷人的生活双重所有格of前面的名词不能是专有名词且通常有一个表示数量的限定词，或用指示代词修饰，表示赞赏或厌恶等感情色彩。