%BD-数据库软件升级及数据库迁移方案
人教版新目标版七年级英语上册 Unit 1 My name’s Gina Section B教案(1)
Unit1 My name’s GinaSection BPeri od One璇惧墠鍑嗗鏁欏笀锛氬噯澶囨墍闇€鐨勬瓕鏇茬甯︺€佸悕鐗囨牱鏈強鍚勯」琛ㄦ牸銆?/font>瀛︾敓锛氬埗浣滃悕鐗囨墍闇€鐨勭焊寮犮€佺敾绗旂瓑銆?/font>鏁欏璁捐Step One: Present the English numbers.1. Sing the song “Ten Little Indian Boys”.锛堟瓕鏇叉蹇湁瓒ｏ紝姣旇捣鍗曠函鏁欐巿鍗曡瘝鏇翠负鏈夋晥銆傦級Teacher: During the first two classes, we’ve known something about new friends names. But if we want to contact them. What shall we do?S1: A telephone call.T: But you don’t have their telephone numbers.S1: Ask for their telephone numbers.T: If we want to kn ow about their telephone numbers, we must learn how to say these numbers in English. Let’s learn to sing “Ten Little Indian Boys”.WordsOne little, two little, three little Indians,Four little, five little, six little Indians,Seven little, eight little, nine little Indians,Ten little Indian boys.(After singing the song, tell the students not to forget “zero”.)T: Count the number together from zero to nine.S2: Zero…2. Listen to the conversation and write the telephone number.锛堥€氳繃鍚姏澶嶄範鍗曡瘝銆傦級Teacher: This is my friend’s telephone number. But I can’t hear it clearly. Could you please help me write it down?(Students listen to the recording of 1b in Section B and give the answer.)Step Two Drills.1. Make a survey about your partners’ te lephone numbers.锛堣皟鏌ョ粍鍐呮垚鍛樼殑鐢佃瘽鍙风爜锛岄噸鐐圭粌涔犳墍瀛﹀彞寮忋€傦級Teacher: Thank you for your help. But do you want to know your friends’ telephone numbers? Now let’s make a survey about it a nd try to fill in the chart.NameTelephone numbersLi LeiLiu YuLin FangYin KailinS1: Hello, Liu Yu. What’s your telephone number?S2: My telephone number is …S1: Oh, thank you. What about yours, Lin Fang?S3: It’s…S1: … And may I know your phone number, Yin Kailin?S4: …S1: Thank you very much. Oh, I nearly forgot. My telephone nu mber is…2. Report it to th e class.(After the survey, every group can choose a student to report the survey result to the class.)Example:My telephone number is… Liu Yu’s phone number is… Lin Fang’s telephone number is… Yin Kailin’ s phone number is…3. Listen and match the names and telephone numbers.锛堝埗浣滅數璇濆彿鐮佺翱杩欎竴浠诲姟鑳藉澶ч潰绉皟鍔ㄥ鐢熻鐨勫弬涓庢剰璇嗐€傦級Teacher: I will play the recording twice. The first time just listen. The second time, write the letter of the person’s telep hone number in the space after that person’s name.(Students listen to the tape.)T: Next, I’ll play the recording again. This time, fill in the missing numbers.(Students listen to the tape again.)T: Can you find out whose telephone numbers they are?S:…4. Make an address book.Teacher: The new term begins. Our class needs an address book to con tact each other. Now we can put all the information together and then we can have our own address book. Pay attention to the address book headings “Names” and “Phone numbers”. Now work in groups of six and ask your group members “What’s his /her name? And What’s his/her phone number?”Step Three: Make an ID card.1. Show some different ID cards to the class and try to enjoy them.锛堝悜瀛︾敓灞曠ず涓嶅悓绉嶇被鐨勫悕鐗囷紝涓€鏂归潰寮€闃斿鐢熺溂鐣岋紝涓€鏂归潰渚夸簬瀛︾敓鎵惧嚭鍚嶇墖鎵€鍚唴瀹广€傦級锛堝紩瀵煎鐢熸湁鏁堟悳闆嗗悕鐗囦笂鐨勪俊鎭紝鎻愰珮瀛︾敓鐨勯槄璇昏兘鍔涖€傦級Teacher: Now our class has a very useful address book. We can use it to talk with others on the phone. But for most adults, ID cards are more important because they are easy to take along. What’s more, they are very enjoyable. Sometimes they can show the owners’ special personalities. Look at the ID cards below and try to enjoy them.Teacher: From the cards above, what can you find out ?S1: It must have a person’s name…S2: Sometimes it has a motto.T: Yes, It must have a person’s name, postcode, telephone number, home address and e-mail address. So if you have a chance to make an ID card, you must think about all the above. But before you make your card, first let’s learn how to get information from the card. It’s very important.2. Read the ID card and answer the questions.锛堟彁渚涘弬鑰冧俊鎭紝浣嗗厑璁稿鐢熷垱鏂般€傦級Teacher: Look! Here’s an ID card of my friend’s. Please look at it and find out some useful information about her.FIRST NAME:JennyLAST NAME:BrownTELEPHONE NUMBER:535-23751. What’s her telephone number?2. What’s her family name?3. What’s her first name?Homework1. Students are asked to make ID Cards of their own.Demands: A. Useful information must be included.B. It can be designed as beautifully as possible.C. Students may show their own personalities if possible.Personal InformationFirst name:________________ Last name:_________________English name:______________ School:_____________________Class:____________________ Phone number:______________Home address:____________________________________________________E-mail:__________________________________________________________Mott___________________________________________________________2. Find out the information about the famous person.Period Two璇惧墠鍑嗗鏁欏笀:鍑嗗璇勪环琛ㄣ€佸悕浜哄浘鐗囧拰涓€寮犱釜浜烘捣鎶ャ€?nbsp;瀛︾敓锛氬噯澶囧ソ瀹屾垚鐨勫悕鐗囧弬鍔犲睍瑙堛€?/font>鏁欏璁捐Step One: Make an ID card show.1. Show the ID cards to the students.Teacher: Yesterday all of you made some beautiful ID cards. Today we’ll make a show here. Let’s enj oy it together and try to choose the best ones.2. Find the owner of the card.Teacher: The ID card show is over. All the cards are mixed together. I can’t find the owners. Who can help me?S1:I can.(Show one of the cards to another students.)S1: Excuse me, are you in...?S2: Yes, I am.S1: What’s your telephone number?S2: It’s...S1: Are you...?S2: Yes, I am.S1: Here’s your ID car d.S2: Thank you.(Teacher asks more students to find the owners of ID cards).Step Two “Face to Face”.1. Play a guessing game.Teacher: ID cards are useful. But some persons ‘names are known to all the people. They are very famous. Now look at the pictures and guess their names.(The teacher shows some famous person’s pictures and students guess their names and give their answers.)2. Collect useful information.Teacher: These persons are very famous. But it’s better for us to know something else about them. Before class you’ve been asked to collect some information. Now let’s exchange it together.3. Report it to class.Each group can choose a student to give a report about their favorite person. The other students can ask him some questions in class.Example:S1:This is Michael Jordan. He’s …years old. He’s... He speaks...His birth place is ... He is a famous ...player. He’s a membe r of six Chicago Bulls championship teams.People like to call him “Air Jordan”.S2:Do you like Michael Jordan? Why or Why not?S1:Yes, I like him very much because he’s so ...S2:Do you want to be a basketball player like him?S1:Of course I do. That’s my dream.Step Three: Make a poster about yourself.Teacher: Do you want to be famous all over the world?First you must learn to show yourself. Now you have a chance to do that. Please try to make a poster about yourself. In your poster you should try to introduce yourself.(Students can write a passage about themselves. They can give some personal information. They can also design the poster as well as they can.)HomeworkStudents are asked to sun up this unit, especially about how to talk with others politely.。
新目标英语八年级下册Unit 1 Will people have robots单词表整理
新目标英语八年级下册Unit 1 Will people have robots单词表整理鏂扮洰鏍囪嫳璇叓骞寸骇涓嬪唽Unit 1 Will people have robots?鍗曡瘝琛ㄦ暣鐞?will 灏嗭紱浼氾紱瑕?Clare will be five years old next month. 鍏嬭幈灏斿皢鍦ㄤ笅涓湀婊′簲宀佷簡銆?They won't lend us any more money. 浠栦滑涓嶄細鍐嶅€熺粰鎴戦挶浜嗐€?I'll see him tomorrow. 鎴戞槑澶╄瑙佷粬銆?1 robot 鏈哄櫒浜?These cars are built by robots. 杩欎簺姹借溅鏄敱鏈哄櫒浜哄埗閫犵殑銆?2 won't =will not 灏嗕笉 3 they'll =they will 4 everything姣忎欢浜?涓€鍒?Take this bag, and leave everything else to me. 浣犳嬁鍖咃紝鍏朵粬涓€鍒囩暀缁欐垜銆?鈥楬ow's everything with you?鈥?鈥楩ine, thanks.鈥?鈥滀竴鍒囬兘濂斤紵鈥?鈥滄槸鐨勶紝璋㈣阿銆傗€?My family means everything to me. 瀹跺涵瀵规垜鏉ヨ鎰忓懗鐫€涓€鍒囥€?閾炬帴鈫抋nd everything 绛夌瓑She told me about the baby and everything. 濂规妸鍏充簬杩欎釜瀛╁瓙鐨勬儏鍐电瓑绛夐兘鍛婅瘔浜嗘垜銆?5 paper n. 绾?涓嶅彲鏁?,鏂囦欢,璁烘枃,鎶ョ焊; 璇曞嵎(鍙暟) v. 鐢ㄧ焊绯?璐村绾? adj.绾稿埗鐨?a piece/sheet of paper 涓€寮犵焊The photo was on the front page of all the papers. 杩欏紶鐓х墖鐧诲湪鎵€鏈夋姤绾哥殑澶寸増銆?6 use n. 鍒╃敤,浣跨敤,鐢ㄩ€? v. 浣跨敤; vt. 浣跨敤,鐢?鈼弖se something Can I use your phone? 鎴戝彲浠ョ敤浣犵殑鐢佃瘽鍚楋紵鈼弖se something for something/for doing something We used a carrot for the snowman's nose. 鎴戜滑鐢ㄤ竴鍙儭钀濆崪褰撲綔闆汉鐨勯蓟瀛愩€?鈼弖se something to do something Police used tear gas to disperse the crowds. 璀﹀療鐢ㄥ偓娉摝鏂┍鏁ｄ汉缇ゃ€?鈼弖se something as something You can't keep using your bad back as an excuse. 浣犱笉鑳戒竴鐩寸敤鑳岀棝褰撲綔鍊熷彛銆?閾炬帴鈫?use up鐢ㄥ畬;鑰楀敖锛寀se your head鍔ㄥ姩鑴戠瓔7 less a. pron.adv. 鏇村皯鐨?鏇村皬鐨? 鏇村皯鍦?鏇村皬鍦?Exercise more and eat less. 灏戝悆澶氳繍鍔ㄣ€?Getting out of bed in summer is less difficult than in winter. 澶忓ぉ璧峰簥姣斿啲澶╁鏄撶偣銆?閾炬帴鈫掆棌less and less 瓒婃潵瓒婂皬銆斿皯銆曞湴He's less and less able to look after himself. 浠栬秺鏉ヨ秺涓嶈兘鐓ч【鑷繁浜嗐€?鈼弆ess than ... 涓嶅埌锛屽皯浜?The young man is less than twenty years old. 杩欎釜骞磋交浜轰笉鍒?20 宀併€?鈼弉o less than 鎰忎负鈥滀笉灏戜簬锛涗笉涓嬩簬鈥︹€︿箣澶氾紱澶氳揪鈥︹€濄€備緥濡傦細In that battle, we wiped out no less than twenty thousand enemies. 鍦ㄩ偅涓€娆℃垬褰逛腑锛屾垜浠秷鐏殑鏁屼汉涓嶄笅20,000 浜恒€?鈼弉ot less than 鎰忎负鈥滀笉灏戜簬鈥濓紝鍚?at (the) least銆?Our school has not less than three thousand students. 鎴戜滑瀛︽牎鎷ユ湁鐨勫鐢熶笉涓?3,000 浜恒€?8 fewer a. 灏戠殑; int. 杈冨皯鏁? a. 杈冨皯鐨?There seem to be fewer tourists around this year. 浠婂勾娓稿浼间箮灏戜簡銆?閾炬帴鈫抐ewer+鍙暟鍚嶈瘝锛屽锛歠ewer books銆?less+涓嶅彲鏁板悕璇嶏紝濡傦細less water銆?9 pollution n. 姹℃煋air/water pollution 绌烘皵銆佹按姹℃煋environmental pollution 鐜姹℃煋noise pollution鍣煶姹℃煋10 tree 鏍?We sat under a tree for shade. 鎴戜滑鍧愬湪鏍戜笅涔樺噳銆?11 she'll=she will 12 building寤虹瓚鐗?tall/old/historic buildings 楂樺ぇ銆佸彜鑰併€佸巻鍙插缓绛?the building of the school 瀛︽牎鐨勫缓绛?the building trade寤虹瓚涓?13 astronaut 瀹囪埅鍛?14 rocket n. 鐏,鐑熺伀; v. 鍙戝皠鐏,鐚涙定They launched a rocket to the planet Venus. 浠栦滑鍚戦噾鏄熷彂灏勪簡涓€棰楃伀绠€?15 space n. 浣嶇疆,绌洪棿,璺濈; v. 闅斿紑,鍒嗛殧Is there any space for my clothes in that cupboard? 琛ｆ煖杩樻湁绌洪棿鏀炬垜鐨勮。
《湘夫人》课件 人教版高中语文选修《中国古代诗歌散文欣赏》
河上漫游。
今日何日兮？得与王子同舟。 今天是什么日子啊？能够与王子同船
蒙羞被好兮，不訾诟耻。
泛舟。 承蒙王子看得起，不因为我是舟子的
心几烦而不绝兮，得知王子。 身份而嫌弃我，责骂我。
山中有木兮，木有枝，
心绪纷乱不止啊，因为能够结识王子。
心悦君兮君不知。
山上有树木啊树木有丫枝，心中喜欢
着你啊你却不知道。
罾何为兮木上？ 鱼网为何挂结在高高的树梢之上？
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大意：湘君与湘夫人期约难遇，湘君哀愁顿生的情景。
探究：本节诗是如何表现湘君的哀愁的？ 1、融情入景，以景染情。 “袅袅兮秋风，洞庭波兮木叶下。”这一凄清渺茫的秋景，构 成了一个优美而惆怅的意境，成功地渲染了抒情主人公的心境， 被后人称为“千古言秋之祖”。 2、因情造景，象征寓意。 以“鸟何萃兮蘋中，罾何为兮木上”的反常现象作比兴，就更 突出了充溢于人物内心的失望和困惑，大有所求不得、徒劳无 益的意味。麋食中庭和蛟滞水边又是两个反常现象，与对鸟和 网的描写同样属于带有隐喻性的比兴，再次强调爱而不见的事 愿相违。
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悲哉，秋之为气也！ 萧瑟兮草木摇落而变衰。
宋玉《九辩》 秋风起兮白云飞， 草木黄落兮雁南归。
刘彻《秋风辞》 无边落木萧萧下， 不尽长江滚滚来。 万里悲秋常作客， 百年多病独登台。
杜甫《登高》
采桑子·重阳 人生易老天难老，岁岁重 阳。今又重阳，战地黄花 分外香。一年一度秋风劲， 不似春光。胜似春光，寥 廓江天万里霜。
探究：建筑房屋的目的是什么？房屋的特点？
迎，高雅、华贵、精巧
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第二段：溯洄从之，道阻且长
沅有芷兮澧有兰, 沅水有白芷啊，澧水有幽兰，
思公子兮未敢言。 思念湘夫人啊，却不敢明讲。
2023年最新的声声慢的歌词4篇
2023年最新的声声慢的歌词4篇《声声慢》教案1. 知人论世，准确理解李清照后期作品中体现的愁之内涵。
2. 通过意象，分析意象，体会作者愁情。
1、导入环节在中国古代文学史上，不管是唐诗宋词还是元曲，明清小说，大多以男性作家为主。
但是在宋代，出现了一位女词人。
她以自身的才华征服了诗人，在文学史上占有重要地位，,她就是李清照，她被称为“千古第一才女”与李煜并称“词中双圣”。
这节课我们要学习的是她的《声声慢》，去词中体会她的才情。
2、整体感知（一）朗读环节1.自由朗读：带着给感情朗读，要求读出声。
2.个人朗读；展示环节。
3.音频范读；寻寻觅觅，冷冷清清，凄凄惨惨戚戚，咋暖还寒时候，最难将息。
三杯两盏淡酒，怎敌他、晚来风急！雁过也，正伤心，却是旧时相识。
满地黄花堆积，憔悴损，如今有谁堪摘？守着窗儿，独自怎生得黑！梧桐更兼细雨，到黄昏、点点滴滴。
这次第，怎一个愁字了得！《声声慢》的基调是哀婉凄凉的，因此语速一定要慢下来。
在读的时候要注意停顿，逗号处停顿短，句号处停顿稍长些，上片与下片之间的停顿应最长。
4.全体齐读。
5.“声声慢”是词牌名，表达了女词人晚年寡居时的孤独、凄苦的生活感受。
词眼：是精炼传神的一个字或传达主旨的关键词、关键句，一般是动词或形容词，在传达诗人情感上起重要作用。
哪个词最能体现词人的感情？明确：愁（三）情感研读1. 思考：李清照是如何来写愁的，是如何来抒发情感的？抒情方式一般分为两种直接抒情。
（1）这次第，怎一个愁字了得。
“这次第”什么意思？（光景，即意境。
）这一句作者直接抒情。
还有没有句子能直接看出作者的愁？（2）寻寻觅觅，冷冷清清，凄凄惨惨戚戚。
这是几组叠词。
前人高度评价这些叠词这三句直接抒情，历来为人称赞。
无一愁字，却字字含愁，声声是愁，如泣如咽。
为什么前人对这些叠词评价如此高，这些叠词是如何表现愁的呢？明确：寻寻觅觅→动作→若有所失；（寻和觅是她的动作，她找到了吗？）冷冷清清→环境→寂寞冷清；凄凄惨惨戚戚→感受→凄凉惨淡“寻觅”完全是一种下意识的行为，恍恍惚惚的想要抓住点什么，结果除了无边的寂寞，深深的失落，什么也找寻不到。
琵琶行(图文拓展版)
浔阳江头夜送客，
枫叶荻花秋瑟瑟。
主人下马客在船，
举酒欲饮无管弦。
醉不成欢惨将别， 别时茫茫江浸月。
忽闻水上琵琶声， 主人忘归客不发。
寻声暗问弹者谁？
琵琶声停欲语迟。
移船相近邀相见，
添酒回灯重开宴。
千呼万唤始出来，
犹抱琵琶半遮面。
转轴拨弦三两声， 未成曲调先有情。 弦弦掩抑声声思， 似诉平生不得志。 低眉信手续续弹， 说尽心中无限事。 轻拢慢捻抹复挑， 初为霓裳后六幺。
（二）（琵琶女）抑扬顿挫弹琵琶
1、诗人急欲相见，欣喜之情；
2、歌女弹奏灵活，以情入曲
3、乐曲旋律多变，丰富多彩
（低沉舒缓→ 急促流畅→ 逐渐沉咽→间歇停顿→激越雄壮→戛然而止）
4、乐曲效果感人，引人入胜
（三）（琵琶女）悲悲切切诉身世
色艺超群
早年
红极一时
自言身世 年长色衰 年长 寂寞处境
（四）（诗人）感慨谪居叹沦落
乱之际，忽听霍的一声人弦俱寂。这时台下叫好之声，轰然雷动。
琵琶女用琵琶来表达心中的情思
诗人从乐曲声中听出了她的情思
哪些诗句反映这点？（原文回答） 转轴拨弦三两声，未成曲调先有情。
弦弦掩抑声声思，似诉平生不得志。 低眉信手续续弹，说尽心中无限事。 别有幽愁暗恨生，此时无声胜有声。
请用文中诗句来叙述
1、深切同情 2、产生共鸣 3、诗人自诉 4、为君作诗 （五）（诗人）重闻琵琶青衫湿 1、歌女感怀 2、诗人感伤
秋江夜送客
明线 （歌女的身世）
月夜弹琵琶
凄凉话身世 同 是 天 涯 沦 落 人， 更坐弹一曲 （诗人的感受） 暗线
月夜听琵琶
感慨叹沦落 相 逢 何 必 曾 相 识 翻作《琵琶行》
2017四年级语文下册生字组词(苏教版)
2017四年级语文下册生字组词（苏教版）2017鍥涘勾绾ц1?姘存笭娌熸笭娓犻亾姘村埌娓犳垚鍘傛埧宸ュ巶宸ュ巶鏋楃珛鏍芥爲鏍藉煿鏍借祪鐗堝浘鍑虹増缈荤増鐗堟湰涔栧阀涔栧兓涔栧阀浼朵繍涔栦箹2?骞兼牚涓€鏍?瀹堟牚寰呭厰骞挎硾娉涜垷瀹芥硾娉涙硾鑰岃皥鐨辩汗鐨卞反宸?鐨辩湁鐪夊ご涓€鐨?浠版湜鍓嶄话鍚庡悎鏇剧粡鏇剧粡娌ф捣浼兼浘鐩歌瘑鍑嗙‘鍗冪湡涓囩‘浼扮畻浣庝及闅句互浼伴噺鎺屾彙鎵嬫帉鎺屼笂鏄庣彔3銆佺嚂瀛?绋嶅井鎺犲ず鎶㈡帬鎺犺繃绋荤敯姘寸ɑ绋荤背绋荤Ё缇界考宸︾考缈奸緳灏忓績缈肩考娌炬煋娌捐竟娌句翰甯︽晠鏅曞満鏅曡溅鍦嗘檿鏉嗗瓙鏃楁潌鐢电嚎鏉?浼ょ棔姘寸棔浜嗘棤鐥曡抗4銆佸彜璇椾袱棣?绾㈡棗鏃楀笢閿︽棗澶у紶鏃楅紦5銆佽嫻鏋滈噷鐨勪簲瑙掓槦鐬ц鐬т竴鐬?鐬т笉璧?涓滅灖瑗挎湜鐢熺枏鐤忓拷鐤忚惤鏈夎嚧閬靛惊鐭╁昂鐭╁舰6銆佹渶浣宠矾寰?绋垮瓙绋夸欢绋跨焊婊ㄦ睙娴锋花婀栨花璇辨嫄鎷愭潠閫夋嫨鎷╀笟鎷╂湡鎷╁伓韪╃偣韪╂按韪╁埌韪╄笍绐勫皬瀹界獎7銆佷汉绫荤殑'鑰佸笀'姝讳骸浜＄緤琛ョ墷鍞囦骸榻垮瘨瀹剁牬浜轰骸绁镐粠澶╅檷鍧囧垎鍧囪骞冲潎鍧囩瓑鍖€绉?鍧囧寑鍖€鏁?鑺傜渷鐪佺暐鐪侀挶鐪佸績鏌愬ぉ鏌愪簺鏌愭牎鍧︾巼骞冲潶鑳告€€鍧﹁崱8銆佷笁椤捐寘搴?鐓ч【椤捐檻椤惧悕鎬濅箟鑼呭眿鐧借寘涓夐【鑼呭簮璇镐綅钁涜€佸笀璇歌憶浜?濮撹憶瀹滀汉閫傚疁璇惧爞绀煎爞鏁欏爞椋熷爞娲楄€虫伃鍚?鏅屽崍鍗婃檶姝囨檶9闇镐富闇搁亾浜夐湼姝ヤ紣璁ㄤ紣鐮嶄紣寰佷紣鏅嬬骇鏅嬪崌鍔犲畼鏅嬬埖鍝€鎮?鎮煎康鎮叉偧杩芥偧鑽愪妇寮曡崘鎺ㄨ崘鍙峰彫鎱庨噸涓嶆厧璋ㄦ厧灏忓績璋ㄦ厧閬垮厤鍥為伩閬块毦灏辨槗閬块噸灏辫交10銆佸叕浠鎷掔粷鎶楁嫆鏉ヨ€呬笉鎷? 椴佽幗绮楅瞾鎰氶瞾椴佸浗瀹板壊瀹版潃鐩涘紑鐩涗笘鑼傜洓绻佽崳鏄岀洓鑵ユ皵鑽よ叆鑵ュ懗?鏃犲彲濂堜綍杩濇硶杩濆績杩濇硶涔辩邯鎮熸€?鎰熸偀鎵ц糠涓嶆偀鎭嶇劧澶ф偀11銆佹案杩滅殑鐧借。
剑桥商务英语中级-86
鍓戞ˉ鍟嗗姟鑻辫涓骇-86(鎬诲垎锛?00.00锛屽仛棰樻椂闂达細90鍒嗛挓)涓€銆?b>READING(鎬婚鏁帮細0锛屽垎鏁帮細0.00)浜屻€?b>PART ONE(鎬婚鏁帮細1锛屽垎鏁帮細7.00)• A. Walger, the bus maker, has entered into a joint venture with IMCO Bus Corporation to participate in coachbuilding operations in Mexico. The two companies have justannounced the 锛?0 million acquisition of Mexican Coachworks, the largest bus andcoach builder in Mexico, with 2,400 employees and three factories. Walger retains a 60% interest in the coachbuilding venture. Analysts have expressed surprise, giventhe current exchange rate.• B. Jetline Airports has said that it spent 锟?.1 million on its failed attempt to dispose of its duty-free retail division. The chief executive said the company'ssix-month search for a buyer ran up heavy consultancy expenses which left half-year pre-tax profits at 锟?.5 million. It also emerged that the Director of Financereceived a 锟?00,000 settlement when he left the company.• C. GRD, the manufacturing giant, plans to cut 1,500 jobs at its Portland factory over the next five years after union refusal to increase productivity. A companyrepresentative said that although they have invested more than 锛?2 million in thenew plant and improved technology, the trade unions are still unwilling to increase output. As a result, GRD have been forced to downsize the Portland plant.• D. Maybrooke, the Scottish department store, reported a fall in trading profits in the first half of the year from 锟?45,000 to 锟?62,000, on sales which were down two per cent. They blame the disappointing first half on the strength of the pound,which hit the company's tourist business, as well as an increase in traffic andparking problems in the city centre, and the growth of out-of-town shopping centres.锛堝垎鏁帮細7.00锛?/div>(1).A strong currency has had a negative effect on the company.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>濉┖椤?:__________________ 锛堟纭瓟妗堬細D锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>(2).The workforce has made it difficult for this company to become more efficient.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>濉┖椤?:__________________ 锛堟纭瓟妗堬細C锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>(3).The use of specialists led to very high costs.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>濉┖椤?:__________________ 锛堟纭瓟妗堬細B锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>(4).Increased competition has contributed to this company's difficulties.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>濉┖椤?:__________________ 锛堟纭瓟妗堬細D锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>(5).This company has reached an agreement on a new project.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>濉┖椤?:__________________ 锛堟纭瓟妗堬細A锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>(6).Part of this company was up for sale.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>濉┖椤?:__________________ 锛堟纭瓟妗堬細B锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>(7).This company has expanded its manufacturing base.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>濉┖椤?:__________________ 锛堟纭瓟妗堬細A锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>涓夈€?b>PART TWO(鎬婚鏁帮細1锛屽垎鏁帮細5.00)GETTING THE BEST FROM YOUR STAFFEd Smith, a senior manager for Trustco Ltd in Worcester, used to work a minimum of 70 hours a week. He travelled regularly between the UK and USA and began to feel he had become almost a stranger to his wife and his two young sons. Realising that he was putting himself under too much stress, he decided to try to change his working hours. This idea worked.These days, he still goes to work very early but he also leaves early. He now sees his children before they go to bed and then does about an hour's work by computer from home in the evening, keeping in touch with American colleagues. (8) The key to Ed Smith's changing his hours was persuading his employer that he and other staff were more productive when they worked the hours that suited them. This is easier said than done, of course. (9) Many of them are slow to realise the benefits of letting employees work fewer or more flexible hours.A recent survey of five thousand senior managers found that nearly half of them always worked more than their contract hours, while many worked evenings and weekends. A majority thought that this not only had a negative effect on their family relationships and their health, but also reduced their productivity. (10) It seems that it is job satisfaction that is the deciding factor when it comes to employee productivity.However, the good news is that more employers are now starting to realise that they are only going to get higher output from their staff if those staff are happy and want to be at work.(11) His company have brought in changes partly for competitive reasons. The research and development part of the business employs highly trained scientists, who are expensive to replace. (12) The employees seem to be very happy with the new arrangements and, as a result, productivity rates have gradually but consistently increased and staff turnover rates have fallen dramatically. According to Ed Smith, many companies would benefit from a similar scheme, and everyone, from directors to employees' families, would have something to gain.• A. Ed Smith's new working hours are just one example of the attempt to alter corporate culture.• B. This adds to the increasing evidence that long hours are not necessarily useful hours.• C. They are often willing to accept that happy employees produce more.• D. He admits to feeling much happier, and believes he has established a balance between work and home life.• E. It can be difficult to persuade organisations that a change of this type is in their interest, too.• F. To keep them happy, 'trust time' has been introduced, where the company trusts employees to do what is required, in whatever time it takes.•G. Realising that he was putting himself under too much stress, he decided to try to change his working hours.锛堝垎鏁帮細5.00锛?/div>濉┖椤?:__________________ 锛堟纭瓟妗堬細D锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>濉┖椤?:__________________ 锛堟纭瓟妗堬細E锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>濉┖椤?:__________________ 锛堟纭瓟妗堬細B锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>濉┖椤?:__________________ 锛堟纭瓟妗堬細A锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>濉┖椤?:__________________ 锛堟纭瓟妗堬細F锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>鍥涖€?b>PART THREE(鎬婚鏁帮細1锛屽垎鏁帮細6.00)PROBLEMS FACING POTENTIAL EXPORTERSMany firms fail because when they begin exporting they have not researched the target markets or developed an international marketing plan. To be successful, a firm must clearly define goals, objectives and potential problems. Secondly, it must develop a definitive plan to accomplish its objective, regardless of the problems involved. Unless the firm is fortunate enough to possess a staff with considerable expertise, it may not be able to take this crucial first step without qualified outside guidance.Often top management is not committed enough to overcome the initial difficulties and financial requirements of exporting. It can often take more time and effort to establish a firm in a foreign market than in the domestic one. Although the early delays and costs involved in exporting may seem difficult to justify when compared to established domestic trade, the exporter should take a more objective view of this process and carefully monitor international marketing efforts through these early difficulties. If a good foundation is laid for export business, the benefits derived should eventually outweigh the investment. Another problem area is in the selection of the foreign distributor. The complications involved in overseas communications and transportation require international distributors to act with greater independence than their domestic counterparts. Also, since a new exporter's trademarks and reputation are usually unknown in the foreign market, foreign customers may buy on the strength of the distributing agent's reputation. A firm should therefore conduct a thorough evaluation of the distributor's facilities, the personnel handling its account, and the management methods employed.Another common difficulty for the new exporter is the neglect of the export market once the domestic one booms: too many companies only concentrate on exporting when there is a recession. Others may refuse to modify products to meet the regulations or cultural preferences of other countries. Local safety regulations cannot be ignored by exporters. If necessary modifications are not made at the factory, the distributor must make them, usually at a greater cost and probably not as satisfactorily. It should also be noted that the resulting smaller profit margin makes the account less attractive.If exporters expect distributing agents to actively promote their accounts, they must be trained, and their performance continually monitored. This requires a company marketing executive to be located permanently in the distributor's geographical region. It is therefore advisable for new exporters to concentrate their efforts in a few geographical areas until there is sufficient business to support a company representative. Thedistributor should also be treated on an equal basis with domestic counterparts. For example, special discount offers, sales incentive programmes and special credit terms shouldbe available.Considering a joint-venture or licensing agreement is another option for new exporters. However, many companies still dismiss international marketing as unviable. There are a number of reasons for this. There may be import restrictions in the target market, the company may lack sufficient financial resources, or its product line may be too limited. Yet, many products that can compete on a national basis can be successful in the majority of world markets. In general, all that is needed for success is flexibility in using the proper combinations of marketing techniques.锛堝垎鏁帮細6.00锛?/div>(1).In the first paragraph, the writer suggests that firms thinking about exporting should锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.get professional advice. 鈭?/span>B.study international marketing.C.identify the most profitable markets.D.have different objectives to other exporters.瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>(2).The writer believes that if sufficient preparation is undertaken锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.initial difficulties can be easily avoided.B.the costs can be recovered quite quickly.C.management will become more committed.D.the exporter will be successful in the long term. 鈭?/span>瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>(3).An exporter should choose a distributor who锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.has experienced personnel.B.has good communication skills.C.is welt-established in the target market. 鈭?/span>D.is not financially dependent on the import business.瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>(4).New exporters often make the mistake of ignoring the export market when锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.distribution costs are too high.B.their product is selling well at home. 鈭?/span>C.there is a global economic recession.D.distributors cannot make safety modifications.瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>(5).For a distributor to be successful, the exporter must锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.focus on one particular region.B.finance local advertising campaigns.C.give the same support as to domestic agents. 鈭?/span>D.make sure there are sufficient marketing staff locally.瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>(6).In the last paragraph, the writer states that some companies are reluctant to export because锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.there is little demand for their products.B.the importation of certain goods is controlled. 鈭?/span>C.they do not have good marketing techniques.D.they are not able to compete with local businesses.浜斻€?b>PART FOUR(鎬婚鏁帮細1锛屽垎鏁帮細15.00)MULTICOPY PRINTINGMartin Charlesworth pays a visit to discover thesecret of Success at a busy printing firm.From designing and printing corporate brochures and business cards to photocopying students' essays it's all in a day's work for Multicopy Printing. The family-run firm is one of the most successful printing, copyshop and design offices in the region. Although it is a (19) small company, it thinks big. The company has made a considerable (20) in high-tech machinery to (21) up in this rapidly changing industry.The company's success has recently enabled it to modernise and (22) its premises.Multicopy's Managing Director, Colin Marsh, says, 'It was very (23) before. We may get up to two tonnes of paper delivered a day and we were running out of space to (24) it. Now, we're the only business in this area (25) a print service from start to finish all under one roof.A vast amount of work can be (26) in a very short space of time.'The firm was (27) up 22 years ago by Colin's father, who was the area manager for a national (28) of printers before deciding to go into business on his own. In those days, it was mostly small printing (29) such as letterheads and photocopying. The business grew rapidlyin the mid-1980s with the (30) of new technology. Nowadays the core photocopying business is high-volume, sometimes up to 300,000 copies for one job, and it often needs to meet (31) deadlines for commercial outlets. But despite Multicopy's recent success, it has not forgotten its (32) and part of the everyday (33) still consists of doing small numbers of photocopies for members of the general public.锛堝垎鏁帮細15.00锛?/div>A.relatively 鈭?/span>B.roughlyC.whollyD.nearly瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>A.investment 鈭?/span>B.expenseC.costD.payment瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>A.goB.getC.keep 鈭?/span>D.bring瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>A.boostB.exceedC.continueD.expand 鈭?/span>瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>A.closedB.crowded 鈭?/span>C.occupiedD.filledA.reserveB.collectC.store 鈭?/span>D.fetch瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>A.lendingB.providing 鈭?/span>C.stockingD.holding瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>A.settledB.builtC.constructedpleted 鈭?/span>瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>A.takenB.putC.madeD.set 鈭?/span>瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>A.branchB.chain 鈭?/span>C.systemD.series瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>A.dutiesB.actionsC.jobs 鈭?/span>bours瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>A.eventB.openingC.occasionD.introduction 鈭?/span> 瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>A.narrowB.sharpC.tight 鈭?/span>D.steep瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>A.origins 鈭?/span>B.reasonsC.basesD.causes瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>A.dutyB.routine 鈭?/span>C.methodD.effort瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>鍏€?b>PART FIVE(鎬婚鏁帮細1锛屽垎鏁帮細12.00)FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS REQUIREDFor all the diversity of the people who work at WP Foods, there is onesingle thing that unites to us all: a passion to create something special34. and a determination to be the best in whatever we do. We've been35. producing high-quality foods for over than a century, and we travel to the36. ends of all the earth to create the next generation of foods and drinks so37. as to give delight our millions of customers. And thanks to our dedicated38. staff, our much-loved brands just keep getting on better. We are now39. seeking to appoint as innovators to manage a number of new teams in40. the organisation. Applicants must have qualified a research degree in41. Food Technology plus at least four years' industrial experience. We42. need people with a high level of their team spirit who show themselves43. be capable of explaining technical concepts to non-technical people.44. Those appointed will spend significant amounts of time in other countries45. for seeking new ingredients, but will also have a major influence on change throughout the business.锛堝垎鏁帮細12.00锛?/div>濉┖椤?:__________________ 锛堟纭瓟妗堬細CORRECT锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>濉┖椤?:__________________ 锛堟纭瓟妗堬細than锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>濉┖椤?:__________________ 锛堟纭瓟妗堬細all锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>濉┖椤?:__________________ 锛堟纭瓟妗堬細give锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>濉┖椤?:__________________ 锛堟纭瓟妗堬細on锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>濉┖椤?:__________________ 锛堟纭瓟妗堬細as锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>濉┖椤?:__________________ 锛堟纭瓟妗堬細qualified锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>濉┖椤?:__________________ 锛堟纭瓟妗堬細CORRECT锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>濉┖椤?:__________________ 锛堟纭瓟妗堬細their锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>濉┖椤?:__________________ 锛堟纭瓟妗堬細be锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>濉┖椤?:__________________ 锛堟纭瓟妗堬細CORRECT锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>濉┖椤?:__________________ 锛堟纭瓟妗堬細for锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>涓冦€?b>WRI TING(鎬婚鏁帮細2锛屽垎鏁帮細10.00)1.PART ONE路You are the training manager of a company which has won a large export order. You have been asked to organise foreign language training for some of your staff.路Write a memo to staff:路explaining why the courses are necessary路saying which members of staff should attend路announcing when the courses will start.路Write 40-50 words on a separate sheet.MemoTo:From:Date:Subject:锛堝垎鏁帮細5.00锛?/div>__________________________________________________________________________________________ 姝ｇ‘绛旀锛?To: All staffFrom: The Training ManagerDate: I March, 2002Subject: A Foreign Language Training CourseI was asked to organise a foreign language training course because of the large export order we received recently. It will start on 15th March. Those who will deal with orders should attend the course.)瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>2.PART TWO路Your company exports to a number of countries around the world and is looking for a new agent for international freight. The Export Sales Manager has asked you to write a proposal saying which agent you recommend.路Read the two advertisements below, on which you have already made some notes.路Then, using all your handwritten notes, write your proposal for the Export Sales Manager. 路Write 120-140 words on a separate sheet.锛堝垎鏁帮細5.00锛?/div>__________________________________________________________________________________________ 姝ｇ‘绛旀锛?Date: 2 March 2002Report on Globelink and FTD Shipping AgentsIntroductionThe purpose of this report is to present and compare the services of Globelink and FTD as possible new agents for international freight.FindingsGlobelink has 25 years' experience in sea freight worldwide. They offer air freight as well, and we may need that for urgent orders. This company will complete all customs forms and provide all documentations.FTD operates mainly in Europe. They offer refrigerated shipping and accept small orders, which would be useful for us. However the charges are a bit higher at FFD than at Globelink. ConclusionsChoosing Globelink will save us work on customs forms and cost less.RecommendationsIt is recommended that Globelink is chosen due to their international network and documentation service.)瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>鍏€?b>LISTENING(鎬婚鏁帮細0锛屽垎鏁帮細0.00)涔濄€?b>PART ONE(鎬婚鏁帮細0锛屽垎鏁帮細0.00)鍗併€?b>Conversation O ne(鎬婚鏁帮細1锛屽垎鏁帮細4.00)锛堝垎鏁帮細4.00锛?/div>濉┖椤?:__________________ 锛堟纭瓟妗堬細Z/3487/JF锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛歔鍚姏鍘熸枃]1-4Man: Good afternoon. Stationery Supplies International, Customer Services Department, Michael speaking. How may I help you?Woman: Oh, hello. My name's Jennifer Gardiner. I'm calling from Fenmore Consultants. It's about the order which we received yesterday.Man: OK. Please can I have the order number?Woman: Yes, it's Z/3487/JE The problem is we've received several incorrect items.Man: Oh dear, sorry about that. We took on some new staff this week and we've had a few problems. Tell me what's wrong and we'll forward the correct order to you straightaway. Woman: Good. Well, firstly you sent the wrong size paper. We ordered 100 boxes of A5 paper, not A4. And the envelopes you sent were not the colour we ordered. We wanted pale green, not white.Man: Right, so that's A5 not A4 paper and pale green envelopes. Anything else?Woman: Yes. We also ordered 20 printer ink cartridges, that's the TrueJet BJC two foursix ... but you didn't send us any at all.Man: Oh dear, I'm really sorry. I can only apologise once again and assure you that the correct items will be on their way to you tonight, Special Delivery.Woman: What shall I do about the things we don't want?Man: Send them back to us, and we'll refund the full cost.Woman: Right. Thank you. Goodbye.Man: Bye bye.濉┖椤?:__________________ 锛堟纭瓟妗堬細pale green锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>濉┖椤?:__________________ 锛堟纭瓟妗堬細BJC 246锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>濉┖椤?:__________________ 锛堟纭瓟妗堬細Special Delivery锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>鍗佷竴銆?b>Conversation Two(鎬婚鏁帮細1锛屽垎鏁帮細4.00)锛堝垎鏁帮細4.00锛?/div>濉┖椤?:__________________ 锛堟纭瓟妗堬細Marketing锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛歔鍚姏鍘熸枃]5-8Woman: You have reached the offices of RT Communications. We're sorry there's no one to take your call at the moment. Please leave your message after the tone, stating who the messageis for and the date and time of your call. Thank you.Man: Hi, this is John Castellani from Loboprint. It's Saturday February fourth. This is a message for Joel Frisk, Marketing Department. It's about his visit next week. We've booked him into the International Hotel downtown for four nights - although we checked, and thereis still availability for a fifth night if he wants it. Our company driver will meet him atthe airport on his arrival. We've arranged for him to give a presentation on RT's digital office system to the Board of Directors on Wednesday morning... and then Mr Sachs, the General Manager, has invited him to dinner that evening. Please let us know by midday Monday if you want us to book an extra night at the hotel. We look forward to meeting him. Goodbye! 濉┖椤?:__________________ 锛堟纭瓟妗堬細International锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>濉┖椤?:__________________ 锛堟纭瓟妗堬細driver / Loboprint driver / company driver 锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>濉┖椤?:__________________ 锛堟纭瓟妗堬細night锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>鍗佷簩銆?b>Conversation Three(鎬婚鏁帮細1锛屽垎鏁帮細4.00)Contact TrainingTelephone MessageDave Smith called from (9) about training.Can we provide a one-week course on (10) ?Would also like one-to-one courses in (11) .Recommended by someone from (12)Contact TrainingTelephone MessageDave Smith called from (9) about training.Can we provide a one-week course on (10) ?Would also like one-to-one courses in (11) .Recommended by someone from (12) 锛堝垎鏁帮細4.00锛?/div>濉┖椤?:__________________ 锛堟纭瓟妗堬細City Council锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛歔鍚姏鍘熸枃] 9-12Woman: Contact Training, how can I help you?Man: Hello, this is Dave Smith calling from the City Council. I understand you run in-house training courses in word-processing and databases, things like that.Woman: Yes, are you looking for some training?Man: Well, yes, we've just taken on some new staff in our department and I'd be interestedto know if you have someone who could help them with databases - perhaps a one-week course? Woman: I'm sure we can.Man: Good. In addition to that - if it's possible - we have some other staff who need some individual training, but that would be in graphics.Woman: Oh yes, we do graphics courses. Did someone recommend us to you?Man: Yes, a friend of mine at Globe Insurance...Woman: Oh yes, we put on a course for them a few months ago.Man: They were very impressed...Woman: Good! Well, I'll just take a few details濉┖椤?:__________________ 锛堟纭瓟妗堬細databases锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>濉┖椤?:__________________ 锛堟纭瓟妗堬細graphics锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>濉┖椤?:__________________ 锛堟纭瓟妗堬細Globe Insurance锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>鍗佷笁銆?b>PART TWO(鎬婚鏁帮細0锛屽垎鏁帮細0.00)鍗佸洓銆?b>Section One(鎬婚鏁帮細1锛屽垎鏁帮細5.00)1锛堝垎鏁帮細5.00锛?/div>濉┖椤?:__________________ 锛堟纭瓟妗堬細A锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛歔鍚姏鍘熸枃]Woman: Hello, it's Rachel Lister here from Cross & Taylor. I got your letter accepting the post this morning. I'm just ringing to arrange a time for us to meet and sign your contract. Your departmental manager has asked me to go through it with you - and to answer any questions you have about holidays and the pension scheme and so on. I should be able to take you over to the sales department afterwards, so you can meet some of your future colleagues. 鍗佷簲銆?b>Section Two(鎬婚鏁帮細1锛屽垎鏁帮細5.00)1锛堝垎鏁帮細5.00锛?/div>濉┖椤?:__________________ 锛堟纭瓟妗堬細H锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛歔鍚姏鍘熸枃]Nick: Mark, just a quick message - I'm on the way to the station. I've thought about our discussion at this afternoon's meeting and I think the research people do need to be involved, and right now. So can you set up a meeting with them for when I get back, say Thursday or Friday? Can you also send them an agenda based on what we discussed today? Thanks.鍗佸叚銆?b>PART THREE(鎬婚鏁帮細1锛屽垎鏁帮細8.00)锛堝垎鏁帮細8.00锛?/div>(1).Dr Carter's book, The Art of Giving Presentations,锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.has come out recently.B.was published last year. 鈭?/span>C.will reach bookshops next year.瑙ｆ瀽锛歔鍚姏鍘熸枃] 23-30Woman: Welcome to 'Mid Afternoon,' Dr Carter. Now, I imagine you're here in Birmingham to promote your recently published book 'The Art of Giving Presentations', Is that right? Man: Well, not really, no! In fact the book isn't really recent at all - it came out at the beginning of last year, I'm actually here this week to give a series of talks outlining some ideas I've had since then.Woman: So are these ideas the basis for your next book?Man: Well, it's really too early to talk about that!Woman: I see, Now tell me, how did you become involved in this particular area of communication skills?Man: Well, many years ago, as a young sales executive, I had to give presentations, but I felt I wasn't doing them very well. My boss never actually criticised me, and my colleagues weren't doing any better than me, but the point was that I didn't feel satisfied with my performance. You see, if I'm doing something, I have to do it well.Woman: So you decided to do something about improving your performance.Man: That's right. I tried to find some books to help me but there weren't really any available in those days... so I eventually decided on a totally practical approach: I tried to find out what my problem was by studying the way the best speakers gave presentations, by talking to them, even watching them prepare. Then I compared their performance with mine. Woman: And what was your main problem? Nervousness? I know that's mine.Man: Well I had always thought it was nervousness, and it's true that at the time I had no techniques for dealing with that. But I think audiences accept the fact that speakers get nervous, and it really doesn't matter. No, I discovered that my No. I problem was preparation. Nobody had ever told me anything about how to prepare, and I didn't really knowhow to do it properly.Woman: And when you realised that, what did you change?Man: Well, before, I used to go through the whole presentation in an empty room on my own. The first change in my approach came when I realised it's much more realistic and much more useful to do it in front of two or three colleagues. That way you get some feedback. Otherwise you have no idea whether or not your presentation is effective, or which parts might need further attention.Woman: Is that the method you recommend now?Man: Well, not quite. What I would advise is to make a video of your practice presentation...Woman: Instead of using colleagues?Man: No, a recording of your presentation to them. Then it's easier for all of you to go back and see what's wrong and how it can be improved, It's actually much better than recording other people doing real presentations, however good they are.Woman: So that's the preparation, but are there any factors which make the presentationitself difficult, even if you are prepared?Man: Well obviously, yes. Some speakers imagine, quite wrongly, that every audience is unfriendly, at least at the beginning. And this affects their performance. And then there may be a few people who worry about their lack of experience of public speaking. But really what bothers most speakers is things like the OHP and the microphone - are they going to work, and so on,Woman: Are there any techniques that are effective for overcoming feelings of anxiety? Man: Well, first I have to say that some people never manage to reduce their anxiety levels. What they can do is learn to relax their face muscles while they speak, so that they look relaxed, even though they feel just as anxious as before. In order to really reduce anxiety, some experts recommend concentrating on something that you enjoyed recently - but I findthis is hopeless... I just forget what I was about to say! For me though, what has worked is some simple breathing exercises, breathing in deeply and slowly while making a pause. This definitely slows down the heart rate. That's what I would try first of all.Woman: Something we can all try - Dr Carter, thank you very much indeed.(2).Dr Carter says he decided to improve his presentations because锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.he felt he was doing worse than his colleagues.B.his boss expressed dissatisfaction with his performance.C.he dislikes doing anything badly. 鈭?/span>瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>(3).To improve his own performance Dr Carter studied锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.books about public speaking.B.the techniques of good presenters. 鈭?/span>mon mistakes made by speakers.瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>(4).What does Dr Carter say about nervousness?锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.There is no effective way to control it.B.Audiences don't think it's a major problem. 鈭?/span>C.He was given the wrong advice about it.瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>(5).What was the first change Dr Carter made to his preparation?锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.He began practising alone in a big room.B.He got colleagues to listen to his performance. 鈭?/span>C.He began to develop key parts of his presentation.。
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数据库软件升级及数据库迁移方案
根据本次项目需求，此次项目实施除硬件设备安装调试外，还包括对已有管理系统所用Oracle数据库的升级和管理系统数据的迁移工作，实施方案如下：
一、数据库软件升级
1.1操作系统AIX安装
新购P550小机自带AIX5.3操作系统，用启动光盘安装并打好相应补丁；
设置相应环境参数，如：语言环境为简体中文等；
挂载IBM DS4700存储，并设成开机自动加载。
1.2 Oracle 10G安装
在存储上安装10g系列中的稳定版本：10.2.0.1.0；
配置两台小机上所装Oracle的RAC，满足数据库的高可用性，保证一台down机的情况下，另一台能自动接管数据库服务。
二、数据库迁移
2.1迁移前期调研
1、迁移任务的目标
本次项目数据迁移的目的是:将现有综合业务系统的四个子系统数据，从低版本到高版本、跨操作系统的方式进行迁移升级，升级后的目的数据库环境在继承现有数据库所有功能基础上，性能及稳定性需更为完善，从而更好的满足对警务系统各方面性能的支持。
2、新旧环境分析
2.2迁移各类资源准备
1、人员技术准备
甲方：业务系统管理员；
软件开发商：提供系统维护手册，以搭建模拟应用系统测试数据；
乙方：网络工程师、数据库维护工程师。
2、系统环境准备
正式环境：2台P550操作系统及Oracle集群安装正常；
中转环境：服务器1台、高档PC机2台，数据迁移中转及应用系统
模拟部署及测试用。
3、安装和调测相关软件
操作系统：Windows（临时中转环境）
数据库：Oracle8.1.7、Oracle10.2.0.1；
中间件：Websphere5.1；
工具软件：PL/SQL、LoadRun等。
2.3数据迁移方案设计
1、时间安排
模拟环境测试：8月28-8月31
模拟结果观察：9月1日-9月3日
正式数据迁移：9月4日-9月6日
2、迁移方案
经过综合分析众多数据迁移相关资料，结合项目经验，本次数据迁移总体方案如下：
A、迁移过程通过8.1.7进行过渡
Oracle验证矩阵中强调8.1.6为Oracle中间过渡产品，升级到10g必须先过渡升级到中间稳定版本，推荐方式是：8.1.n—>8.1.7.4
—>10.2。
B、采用传统的EXP/IMP方式迁移
本次迁移非本机环境升级，涉及到Windows到AIX操作系统的跨
越，另外Oracle版本跨度大，采用Oracle公司提供的EXP/IMP工
具对数据进行逻辑打包后，按迁移矩阵规定进行操作是最安全的。
C、迁移大致步骤如下：
a、用8.1.6客户端EXP导出各用户数据库文件；
b、在8.1.7上创建相应用户并授权；
c、在8.1.7上创建对应表空间并指定大小；
d、用8.1.7客户端IMP导入数据库文件；
e、对过程、触发器重新编译，设置数据连接；
f、模拟应用系统连接数据库进行测试；
注：以上为8.1.6=>8.1.7的过渡版本转换。
g、用8.1.7客户端EXP导出8.1.7中各用户数据库文件；
h、在10.2.0.1上创建相应用户并授权；
i、在10.2.0.1上创建对应表空间并指定大小；
j、用8.1.7客户端IMP导入数据库文件；
k、对过程、触发器重新编译，设置数据连接；
l、模拟应用系统连接数据库进行测试；
注：以上为8.1.7=>10.2.0.1的版本转换。
2.4数据模拟迁移
1、搭建数据迁移模拟环境
模拟环境既可仿真实际环境，又不影响现有警务系统实际数据运行；
2、实施模拟迁移
根据上述数据迁移方案进行分步迁移，在数据模拟迁移环境中测试数据迁移的效果。
3、测试数据模拟迁移
测试模拟迁移完毕的数据，也就是检查数据模拟迁移后数据和应用软件是否正常。
主要包括：数据一致性测试、应用软件执行功能测试、性能测试、数据备份和恢复测试等。
2.5数据正式迁移
1、准备实施数据迁移。
数据模拟迁移测试成功后，在正式实施数据迁移前还需要做好以下几个方面工作：进行完全数据备份、确定数据迁移方案、安装和配置软硬件等。
2、正式实施数据迁移。
按照确定的数据迁移方案，正式实施数据迁移。
3、测试数据迁移效果。
对数据迁移后的数据库参数和性能进行调整，使之满足数据迁移后实际应用系统的需要。
4、移植系统应用软件。
将实际应用系统的应用软件移植到数据迁移后的数据库系统上，并使之正常运行。
5、正式运行应用系统
在正式实施数据迁移成功并且数据库参数和性能达到要求后，就可以正式运行应用系统，并投入实际使用。
3.1文档移交
1、提交操作系统、存储及数据库部署情况说明；
2、提交迁移正式迁移完成报告。
参考资料：
《Oracle 10g R2升级指南(Oracle Database Upgrade Guide 10g Release 2)》《Oracle Database 10g DBA手册》
《Best Practice to Upgrade to 10gr2》
《Exp和Imp命令的使用详解》
《Oracle不同版本之间Export & Import的兼容性矩阵》
2009-8-26。