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中国学者有关石墨烯研究高被引文献中国学者有关石墨烯研究高被引文献（被引次数超过80，检索时间2010年）显示 1 条，共 20 条作者: Zhang, J; Zou, HL; Qing, Q; Yang, YL; Li, QW; Liu, ZF; Guo, XY; Du, ZL标题: Effect of chemical oxidation on the structure of single-walled carbon nanotubes来源出版物: JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B, 107 (16): 3712-3718 APR 24 2003摘要: In the present study, we report the systematic investigation of the effect of chemical oxidation on the structure of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) by using different oxidants. The oxidation procedure was characterized by using infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The SWNTs were produced by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and oxidized with three kinds of oxidants: (1) nitric acid (2.6 M), (2) a mixture of concentrated sulfuric acid (98 wt %) and concentrated nitric acid (16 M) (v/v = 3/1) and (3) KMnO4. The results reveal that the different functional groups can be introduced when the SWNTs are treated with different oxidants. Refluxing in dilute nitric acid can be considered as a mild oxidation for SWNTs, introducing the carboxylic acid groups only at those initial defects that already exist. The abundance of the carboxylic acid groups generated with this oxidant remained constant along with the treating time. In contrast, sonication of SWNTs in H2SO4/HNO3 increased the incidence of carboxylic acid groups not only at initial defect sites but also at newly created defect sites along the walls of SWNTs. Compared to the two oxidants above, when KMnO4 in alkali was used as the oxidant, which is relatively mild, different amounts of -OH, -C=O, and -COOH groups were introduced. The oxidation processes begin mainly with the oxidation of the initial defects that arise during the CVD growth of the SWNTs and are accompanied by processes that can be roughly divided into two steps: (1) the defect-generating step and (2) the defect-consuming step. Specifically, during the defect-generating step, the oxidants attack the graphene structure by electrophilic reactions and generate active sites such as -OH and -C=O. This step depends on the oxidant's ability to generate -C-OH groups and to transform them into -C=O groups. During the defect-consuming step, the graphene structure of the tube was destroyed by the oxidation of the generated active sites in step 1. The defect-consuming step mostly counts on the ability of the oxidant to etch/destroy the graphite-like structure around the already generated -C=O and their neighborhood groups.ISSN: 1520-6106DOI: 10.1021/jp027500u显示 2 条，共 20 条作者: Becerril, HA (Becerril, Hdctor A.); Mao, J (Mao, Jie); Liu, Z (Liu, Zunfeng); Stoltenberg, RM (Stoltenberg, Randall M.); Bao, Z (Bao, Zhenan); Chen, Y (Chen, Yongsheng)标题: Evaluation of solution-processed reduced graphene oxide films as transparent conductors来源出版物: ACS NANO, 2 (3): 463-470 MAR 2008摘要: Processable, single-layered graphene oxide (GO) is an intriguing nanomaterial with tremendous potential for electronic applications. We spin-coated GO thin-films on quartz and characterized their sheet resistance and optical transparency using different reduction treatments. A thermal graphitization procedure was most effective, producing films with sheet resistances as low as 10(2) - 10(3) Omega/square with 80% transmittance for 550 nm light. Our experiments demonstrate solution-processed GO films have potential as transparent electrodes.ISSN: 1936-0851DOI: 10.1021/nn700375n显示 3 条，共 20 条作者: Li, XL (Li, Xiaolin); Zhang, GY (Zhang, Guangyu); Bai, XD (Bai, Xuedong); Sun, XM (Sun, Xiaoming); Wang, XR (Wang, Xinran); Wang, E (Wang, Enge); Dai, HJ (Dai, Hongjie)标题: Highly conducting graphene sheets and Langmuir-Blodgett films来源出版物: NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY, 3 (9): 538-542 SEP 2008摘要: Graphene is an intriguing material with properties that are distinct from those of other graphitic systems(1-5). The first samples of pristine graphene were obtained by 'peelingoff'(2,6) and epitaxial growth(5,7). Recently, the chemical reduction of graphite oxide was used to produce covalently functionalized single-layer graphene oxide(8-15). However, chemical approaches for the large-scale production of highly conducting graphene sheets remain elusive. Here, we report that the exfoliation reintercalation- expansion of graphite can produce high-quality single-layer graphene sheets stably suspended in organic solvents. The graphene sheets exhibit high electrical conductance at room and cryogenic temperatures. Large amounts of graphene sheets in organic solvents are made into large transparent conducting films by Langmuir-Blodgett assembly in a layer-by-layer manner. The chemically derived, high-quality graphene sheets could lead to future scalable graphene devices. ISSN: 1748-3387DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2008.210显示 4 条，共 20 条作者: Xu, YX (Xu, Yuxi); Bai, H (Bai, Hua); Lu, GW (Lu, Gewu); Li, C (Li, Chun); Shi, GQ (Shi, Gaoquan)标题: Flexible graphene films via the filtration of water-soluble noncovalent functionalized graphene sheets来源出版物: JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, 130 (18): 5856-+ MAY 7 2008摘要: Flexible graphene films were prepared by the filtration of water-soluble noncovalently functionalized graphene sheets with pyrenebutyrate. The work presented here will not only open a new way for preparing water-soluble graphene dispersions but also provide a general route for fabricating conducting films based on graphene.ISSN: 0002-7863DOI: 10.1021/ja800745y显示 5 条，共 20 条作者: Yi, W; Lu, L; Zhang, DL; Pan, ZW; Xie, SS标题: Linear specific heat of carbon nanotubes来源出版物: PHYSICAL REVIEW B, 59 (14): R9015-R9018 APR 1 1999摘要: The specific heat and thermal conductivity of millimeter-long aligned carbon multiwall nanotubes (MWNT's) have been measured. As a rolled-up version of graphene sheets, a MWNT of a few tens nm diameter is found to demonstrate a strikingly linear temperature-dependent specific heat over the entire temperature range measured (10-390 K). The results indicate that interwall coupling in MWNT's is rather weak compared with its parentform,graphite, so that one can treat a MWNT as a few decoupled two-dimensional single wall tubules. The thermal conductivity is found to be low, indicating the existence of substantial amounts of defects in the MWNT's prepared by a chemical-vapor-deposition method. [S0163-1829(99)50714-5].ISSN: 0163-1829显示 6 条，共 20 条作者: Wang, Q; Li, H; Chen, LQ; Huang, XJ标题: Monodispersed hard carbon spherules with uniform nanopores来源出版物: CARBON, 39 (14): 2211-2214 2001摘要: Hard carbon with perfect spherical morphology was prepared for the first time by a hydrothermal method. It has controllable monodispersed particle size and a smooth surface. Transmission electron microscopy shows that there are a large quantity of uniform nanopores of about 0.4 nm in diameter and only very few parallel graphene, sheets exist within the spherules. This hard carbon material has a specific BET surface area of 400 m(2)/g for N-2 as adsorbate, and can reversibly store lithium up to 430 mAh/g. This shows convincingly that carbon nanopores can store a large quantity of lithium. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.ISSN: 0008-6223显示 7 条，共 20 条作者: Zhang, XF; Cao, AY; Wei, BQ; Li, YH; Wei, JQ; Xu, CL; Wu, DH标题: Rapid growth of well-aligned carbon nanotube arrays来源出版物: CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS, 362 (3-4): 285-290 AUG 19 2002摘要: Vertically aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays with high density were synthesized on quartz substrates in large areas (100 x 40 mm(2)) by catalytic decomposition of a ferrocene-xylene mixture at 850 degreesC in a quartz tube reactor. The nanotubes grow at a high growth rate of similar to50 mun/min, and reach 1.5 mm. in length in 30 min. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations reveal that the nanotubes are high-purity multi-wall CNTs with well-ordered graphene sheets, and about 30-60 nm in diameter. This provides a simple way to synthesize well-aligned CNTs in large areas. A continuous rapid growth model is suggested for the CNTs in high growth rate under our experimental conditions. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.ISSN: 0009-2614显示 8 条，共 20 条作者: Yan, QM (Yan, Qimin); Huang, B (Huang, Bing); Yu, J (Yu, Jie); Zheng, FW (Zheng, Fawei); Zang, J (Zang, Ji); Wu, J (Wu, Jian); Gu, BL (Gu, Bing-Lin); Liu, F (Liu, Feng); Duan, WH (Duan, Wenhui)标题: Intrinsic current-voltage characteristics of graphene nanoribbon transistors and effect of edge doping来源出版物: NANO LETTERS, 7 (6): 1469-1473 JUN 2007摘要: We demonstrate that the electronic devices built on patterned graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) can be made with atomic-perfect-interface junctions and controlled doping via manipulation of edge terminations. Using first-principles transport calculations, we show that the GNR field effect transistors can achieve high performance levels similar to those made from single-walled carbon nanotubes, with ON/OFF ratios on the order of 10(3)-10(4), subthreshold swing of 60 meV per decade, and transconductance of 9.5 x 10(3) Sm-1. ISSN: 1530-6984DOI: 10.1021/nl070133j显示 9 条，共 20 条作者: Huang, Y (Huang, Y.); Wu, J (Wu, J.); Hwang, KC (Hwang, K. C.)标题: Thickness of graphene and single-wall carbon nanotubes来源出版物: PHYSICAL REVIEW B, 74 (24): Art. No. 245413 DEC 2006摘要: Young's modulus and the thickness of single wall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) obtained from prior atomistic studies are largely scattered. In this paper we establish an analytic approach to bypass atomistic simulations and determine the tension and bending rigidities of graphene and CNTs directly from the interatomic potential. The thickness and elastic properties of graphene and CNTs can also be obtained from the interatomic potential. But the thickness, and therefore elastic moduli, also depend on type of loading (e.g., uniaxial tension, uniaxial stretching, equibiaxial stretching), as well as the nanotube radius R and chirality when R < 1 nm. This explains why the thickness obtained from prior atomistic simulations is scattered. This analytic approach is particularly useful in the study of multiwall CNTs since their stress state may be complex even under simple loading (e.g., uniaxial tension) due to the van der Waals interactions between nanotube walls. The present analysis also provides an explanation of Yakobson's paradox that the very high Young's modulus reported from the atomistic simulations together with the shell model may be due to the not-well-defined CNT thickness.ISSN: 1098-0121文献编号: 245413DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.245413显示 10 条，共 20 条作者: Dai, LM; Patil, A; Gong, XY; Guo, ZX; Liu, LQ; Liu, Y; Zhu, DB标题: Aligned nanotubes来源出版物: CHEMPHYSCHEM, 4 (11): 1150-1169 NOV 14 2003摘要: Since the discovery of carbon nanotubes by Iijima in 1991, various carbon nanotubes with either a single- or multilayered graphene cylinder(s) have been produced, along with their noncarbon counterparts (for example, inorganic and polymer nanotubes). These nanostructured materials often possess size-dependent properties and show new phenomena related to the nanosize confinement of the charge carriers inside, which leads to the possibility of developing new materials with useful properties and advanced devices with desirable features for a wide range of applications. In particular, carbon nanotubes have been shown to exhibit superior properties attractive for various potential applications, ranging from their use as novel electron emitters in flat-panel displays to electrodes in electrochemical sensors. For many of the applications, it is highly desirable to have aligned/patterned forms of carbon nanotubes so that their structure/property can be easily assessed and so that they can be effectively incorporated into devices. In this Review, we present an overview on the development of aligned and micropatterened nanotubes, with an emphasis on carbon nanotubes.ISSN: 1439-4235DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200300770显示 11 条，共 20 条作者: Shan, CS (Shan, Changsheng); Yang, HF (Yang, Huafeng); Song, JF (Song, Jiangfeng); Han, DX (Han, Dongxue); Ivaska, A (Ivaska, Ari); Niu, L (Niu, Li)标题: Direct Electrochemistry of Glucose Oxidase and Biosensing for Glucose Based on Graphene来源出版物: ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, 81 (6): 2378-2382 MAR 15 2009摘要: We first reported that polyvinylpyrrolidone-protected graphene was dispersed well in water and had good electrochemical reduction toward O-2 and H2O2. With glucose oxidase (GOD) as an enzyme model, we constructed a novel polyvinylpyrrolidone-proteeted graphene/polyethylenimine-ftmctionalized ionic liquid/GOD electrochemical biosensor, which achieved the direct electron transfer of GOD, maintained its bioactivity and showed potential application for the fabrication of novel glucose biosensors with linear glucose response up to14 mM.ISSN: 0003-2700DOI: 10.1021/ac802193c显示 12 条，共 20 条作者: Zhou, X; Zhou, JJ; Ou-Yang, ZC标题: Strain energy and Young's modulus of single-wall carbon nanotubes calculated from electronic energy-band theory来源出版物: PHYSICAL REVIEW B, 62 (20): 13692-13696 NOV 15 2000摘要: The strain energies in straight and bent single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT's) are calculated by taking account of the total energy of all the occupied band electrons. The obtained results are in good agreement with previous theoretical studies and experimental observations. Young's modulus and the effective wall thickness of SWNT's are obtained from the bending strain energies of SWNT's with various cross-sectional radii. The repulsion potential between ions contributes the main part of Young's modulus of SWNT's. The wall thickness of the SWNT comes completely from the overlap of electronic orbits and is approximately of the extension of the pi orbit of carbon atom. Both Young's modulus and the wall thickness are independent of the radius and the helicity of SWNT, and insensitive to the fitting parameters. The results show that continuum elasticity theory can serve well to describe the mechanical properties of SWNT's.ISSN: 1098-0121显示 13 条，共 20 条作者: Kan, EJ (Kan, Er-Jun); Li, ZY (Li, Zhenyu); Yang, JL (Yang, Jinlong); Hou, JG (Hou, J.G.)标题: Half-metallicity in edge-modified zigzag graphene nanoribbons来源出版物: JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, 130 (13): 4224-+ APR 2 2008摘要: Graphene is an important material with potential application in spintronics. Edge-modified zigzag graphene nanoribbons (ZGNR) are investigated with density functional theory. The modifications are realized by saturating the dangling edge bonds by different terminal groups, such as H, NH2, NO2, and CH3. Such modification has a significant impact on the ZGNR electronic structure. Half-metallicity is observed when ZGNR is terminated by NO2 groups at one edge and by CH3 groups on the other side. Free energy analysis suggests that edge-modification is a practical way in experiment to realize half-metallicity. ISSN: 0002-7863DOI: 10.1021/ja710407t显示 14 条，共 20 条作者: Peng, LM; Zhang, ZL; Xue, ZQ; Wu, QD; Gu, ZN; Pettifor, DG标题: Stability of carbon nanotubes: How small can they be?来源出版物: PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 85 (15): 3249-3252 OCT 9 2000摘要: Experimental evidence has been found for the existence of small single wall carbon nanotubes with diameters of 0.5 and 0.33 nn? by high resolution transmission electron microscopy, and their mechanical stability was investigated using tight-binding molecular dynamics simulations. It is shown that, while the carbon tubes with diameters smaller than 0.4 nm are energetically less favorable than a graphene sheet, some of them are indeed mechanically stable at temperatures as high as 1100 degrees C. The 0.33 nm carbon tube observed is likely a (4, 0) tube and is indeed part of a compound nanotube system that forms perhaps the smallest metal-semiconductor-metal tubular junction yet synthesized.ISSN: 0031-9007显示 15 条，共 20 条作者: Wei, BQ; Spolenak, R; Kohler-Redlich, P; Ruhle, M; Arzt, E标题: Electrical transport in pure and boron-doped carbon nanotubes来源出版物: APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 74 (21): 3149-3151 MAY 24 1999摘要: The resistivities of individual multiwalled pure and boron-doped carbon nanotubes have been measured in the temperature range from 25 to 300 degrees C. The connection patterns were formed by depositing two-terminal tungsten wires on a nanotube using focused-ion-beam lithography. A decrease of the resistivity with increasing temperature, i.e., a semiconductor-like behavior, was found for both B-doped and pure carbon nanotubes. B-doped nanotubes have a reduced room-temperature resistivity (7.4 X 10(-7) - 7.7 X 10(-6) Ohm m) as compared to pure nanotubes (5.3 X 10(-6) - 1.9 X 10(-5) Ohm m), making the resistivity of the doped tubes comparable to those along the basal plane of graphite. The activation energy derived from the resistivity versus temperature Arrhenius plots was found to be smaller for the B-doped (55-70 meV) than for the pure multiwalled nanotubes (190-290 meV). (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(99)03021-1].ISSN: 0003-6951显示 16 条，共 20 条作者: Liu, ZF (Liu, Zunfeng); Liu, Q (Liu, Qian); Huang, Y (Huang, Yi); Ma, YF (Ma, Yanfeng); Yin, SG (Yin, Shougen); Zhang, XY (Zhang, Xiaoyan); Sun, W (Sun, Wei); Chen, YS (Chen, Yongsheng)标题: Organic Photovoltaic Devices Based on a Novel Acceptor Material: Graphene来源出版物: ADVANCED MATERIALS, 20 (20): 3924-+ OCT 17 2008摘要: Solution-processable functionalized graphene (SPFGraphene, see figure) is used as the electron-accepting material in organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices for the first time, showing that it is a competitive alternative. The fabrication and performance of bulk heterojunction OPV devices with SPFGraphene and different donor materials is presented, together with the impact of post-fabrication annealing.ISSN: 0935-9648DOI: 10.1002/adma.200800366显示 17 条，共 20 条作者: Fan, XB (Fan, Xiaobin); Peng, WC (Peng, Wenchao); Li, Y (Li, Yang); Li, XY (Li, Xianyu); Wang, SL (Wang, Shulan); Zhang, GL (Zhang, Guoliang); Zhang, FB (Zhang, Fengbao)标题: Deoxygenation of Exfoliated Graphite Oxide under Alkaline Conditions: A Green Route to Graphene Preparation来源出版物: ADVANCED MATERIALS, 20 (23): 4490-4493 DEC 2 2008摘要: Stable graphene suspensions are prepared using a new, green, and intriguing synthetic route. Graphene can be directly prepared by the fast deoxygenation of exfoliated graphite oxide in strong alkaline solutions at low temperatures (50-90 degrees C), in the absence of reducing agents. This study opens an opportunity towards the production of processable graphene on an industrial scale.ISSN: 0935-9648DOI: 10.1002/adma.200801306显示 18 条，共 20 条作者: Cai, WW (Cai, Weiwei); Piner, RD (Piner, Richard D.); Stadermann, FJ (Stadermann, Frank J.); Park, S (Park, Sungjin); Shaibat, MA (Shaibat, Medhat A.); Ishii, Y (Ishii, Yoshitaka); Yang, DX (Yang, Dongxing); Velamakanni, A (Velamakanni, Aruna); An, SJ (An, Sung Jin); Stoller, M (Stoller, Meryl); An, JH (An, Jinho); Chen, DM (Chen, Dongmin); Ruoff, RS (Ruoff, Rodney S.)标题: Synthesis and solid-state NMR structural characterization of C-13-labeled graphite oxide来源出版物: SCIENCE, 321 (5897): 1815-1817 SEP 26 2008摘要: The detailed chemical structure of graphite oxide ( GO), a layered material prepared from graphite almost 150 years ago and a precursor to chemically modified graphenes, has not been previously resolved because of the pseudo- random chemical functionalization of each layer, as well as variations in exact composition. Carbon-13 (C-13) solid- state nuclear magnetic resonance ( SSNMR) spectra of GO for natural abundance C-13 have poor signal- to- noise ratios. Approximately 100% C-13- labeled graphite was made and converted to C-13- labeled GO, and C-13 SSNMR was used to reveal details of the chemical bonding network, including the chemical groups and their connections. Carbon-13-labeled graphite can be used to prepare chemically modified graphenes for C-13 SSNMR analysis with enhanced sensitivity and for fundamental studies of C-13-labeled graphite and graphene. ISSN: 0036-8075DOI: 10.1126/science.1162369显示 19 条，共 20 条作者: Guo, GY; Chu, KC; Wang, DS; Duan, CG标题: Linear and nonlinear optical properties of carbon nanotubes from first-principles calculations来源出版物: PHYSICAL REVIEW B, 69 (20): Art. No. 205416 MAY 2004摘要: A systematic ab initio study of the optical as well as structural and electronic properties of the carbon nanotubes within density-functional theory in the local-density approximation has been performed. Highly accurate full-potential projected augmented wave method was used. Specifically, the optical dielectric function epsilon and second-order optical susceptibility chi((2)) as well as the band structure of a number of the armchair[(3,3),(5,5),(10,10),(15,15),(20,20)], zigzag [(5,0),(10,0),(15,0),(20,0)] and chiral[(4,2),(6,2),(6,4),(8,4),(10,5)] carbon nanotubes have been calculated. The underlying atomic structure of the carbon nanotubes was determined theoretically. It is found that for the electric field parallel to the nanotube axis (Eparallel to(z) over cap), the absorptive part epsilon(') of the optical dielectric function for the small nanotubes (the diameter being smaller than, say, 25 Angstrom) in the low-energy range (0-8 eV) consists of a few distinct peaks. Furthermore, the energy position, the shape, and the number of the peaks depend rather strongly on the diameter and chirality. This suggests that one could use these distinct optical features to characterize the chirality and diameter of the grown nanotubes. In contrast, for the electric field perpendicular to the nanotube axis (Eperpendicular toz), the epsilon(') spectrum of all the nanotubes studied except the three 4 Angstrom nanotubes in the low-energy region is made up of a broad hump. The bandwidth of the hump increases with the nanotube diameter and the magnitude of the hump is in general about half of that of the epsilon(') for Eparallel to(z) over cap. Surprisingly, given their one-dimensional character, the optical anisotropy of the nanotubes is smaller than that of graphite. For the nanotubes with a moderate diameter (say, 30 Angstrom) such as the (20,20) nanotube, the optical anisotropy is not large and the epsilon(') spectrum for both electric-field polarizations becomes rather similar to that of graphite with electric-field parallel to the graphene layers (Eperpendicular toc). The calculated static polarizability alpha(0) for the semiconducting nanotubes is rather anisotropic withalpha(0) for Eparallel to(z) over cap being several times larger than that for Eperpendicular toz. For both electric-field polarizations, alpha(0) is nearly proportional to the square of the tube diameter. The calculated electron energy loss spectra of all the nanotubes studied here for both electric field polarizations are similar to that of Eperpendicular toc of graphite, being dominated by a broad (pi+sigma)-electron plasmon peak at near 27 eV and a small pi-electron plasmon peak at 5-7 eV. Only the chiral nanotubes would exhibit second-order nonlinear optical behavior. Furthermore, only two tensor elements chi(xyz)((2)) andchi(yzx)((2)) are possibly nonzero with chi(xyz)((2))=-chi(yzx)((2)). For all the chiral nanotubes studied here, both the real and imaginary parts of chi(xyz)((2))(-2omega,omega,omega) show an oscillatory behavior. The absolute value of chi(xyz)((2))(-2omega,omega,omega) of all the chiral nanotubes in the photon energy range of 0.1-3.0 eV is huge, being up to ten times larger than that of GaAs, suggesting that chiral nanotubes have potential applications in nonlinear optics, e.g., second-harmonic generation and sum-frequency generation. Nevertheless, the static value of both chi(xyz)((2)) and chi(yzx)((2)) is zero.ISSN: 1098-0121文献编号: 205416DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.205416显示 20 条，共 20 条作者: Chen, H (Chen, Haiqun); Muller, MB (Mueller, Marc B.); Gilmore, KJ (Gilmore, Kerry J.); Wallace, GG (Wallace, Gordon G.); Li, D (Li, Dan)标题: Mechanically strong, electrically conductive, and biocompatible graphene paper来源出版物: ADVANCED MATERIALS, 20 (18): 3557-+ SEP 17 2008摘要: Ultrastrong, smooth, and shiny graphene paper with a layered structure (see figure) is prepared by vacuum filtration of a well-dispersed graphene dispersion. Moderate thermal annealing further enhances its mechanical properties and electrical conductivity. A combination of exceptional mechanical strength, thermal stability, high electrical conductivity, and biocompability makes this unique material promising for many technological applications. ISSN: 0935-9648DOI: 10.1002/adma.200800757。

有关石墨烯的文献

石墨烯作为一种由单层碳原子组成的二维材料，自发现以来就引起了广泛的研究兴趣。

它在许多领域，如电子学、能源和材料科学，都展示了其独特的性质和潜在的应用。

以下是几篇关于石墨烯的重要文献，具体内容可能涉及石墨烯的结构、性质和应用等方面的研究。

1. 王中林团队在《科学》杂志上发表的关于石墨烯的论文，对石墨烯的性质和应用进行了深入的探讨。

文中详细阐述了石墨烯的电子结构、力学性质以及在电子器件和能源领域的应用。

同时，也讨论了石墨烯制备的新方法及其工业化可能面临的挑战。

2. 另一篇重要的文献是来自曼彻斯特大学的关于石墨烯场效应管的论文。

该论文详细研究了石墨烯中的电荷转移和电子输运行为，这些研究对于理解石墨烯的物理性质和开发新的石墨烯器件至关重要。

3. 赵东保团队的论文详细研究了石墨烯的化学稳定性。

这篇文章讨论了石墨烯在各种化学环境中的稳定性，这对于石墨烯的实际应用和长期稳定性至关重要。

4. 还有一篇文献对石墨烯的制备技术进行了深入探讨，包括化学气相沉积、机械剥离、以及在溶液中的制备方法等。

文章分析了各种制备方法的优缺点，并讨论了如何进一步提高石墨烯的质量和产量。

5. 最后，一篇综述文章汇总了近年来石墨烯在各个领域的研究进展，包括电子学、光学、磁学、生物医学等。

这篇文章为读者提供了石墨烯研究的全面概述，有助于了解石墨烯在不同领域的应用前景。

以上文献均对石墨烯的性质、结构和应用进行了深入的研究和探讨，但具体的内容可能会因研究角度和数据更新而有所不同。

此外，石墨烯的研究是一个持续发展的领域，新的研究成果和方法也层出不穷，因此阅读最新的研究文献是获取最前沿信息的关键。

石墨烯的研究进展

石墨烯的研究进展刘乐浩，李铁虎，赵廷凯，王大为(西北工业大学材料科学与工程学院，西安710072)摘要石墨烯是碳的又一同素异形体，具有独特的二维结构和优异的力学、电学、光学、热学等性能，成为富勒烯和碳纳米管之后的又一研究热点。

全面综述了近几年来石墨烯的制备方法，洋细讨论了微机械剥离法、化学剥离法、化学合成法、外延生长法、电弧法、化学气相沉积法的优缺点，并针对制备方法存在的产量低、结构不稳定、高污染等问题，提出了一些大规模可控制备高质量石墨烯的建议。

还结合石墨烯的结构和特性，概括了石墨烯在复合材料、微电子、光学、能源、生物医学等领域的应用进展，并展望了其主要研究方向和发展趋势。

关键词石墨烯制备方法应用中图分类号：〇613. 71 文献标识码：Research Progress on GrapheneLIU Lehao，LI Tiehu，ZHAO Tingkai，WANG Dawei (School of Materials Science and Engineering，Northwestern Polytechnical University，Xi，an 710072)Abstract As an allotrope of carbon，graphene has become a research hotspot due to its unique two-dimensional structure and excellent mechanical，electrical，optical and thermal properties. Synthesis of graphene via different approaches ，such as micro mechanical stripping， chemical stripping， chemical synthesis， epitaxial growth， arc dis- charge，and chemical vapor deposition， are discussed in detail， and strategies for producing homogeneous graphene with improved yield and structural stability while limiting its pollution are proposed. Also application progress of gre- phene in polymer composites，micro electronics， optics， energy and biomedicine are summarized， and the main research direction and development trend are imagined.Key words graphene，preparation methods，applicationo引言富勒烯[1]和碳纳米管[2]已经成为碳材料研究的热点，而在2004年，Geim等[3]又发现了碳的又一同素异形体——石墨烯（Graphene)。

关于石墨烯的参考文献

关于石墨烯的参考文献石墨烯是由未来材料学大师安德烈·海姆（Andre Geim）和康斯坦丁·诺沃肖洛夫（Konstantin Novoselov）于2004年发现的一种新型碳材料。

这种材料的发现颠覆了传统碳材料的应用前景和开拓领域。

以下是对石墨烯的参考文献的内容生动、全面、有指导意义的分析和总结。

1. 《石墨烯基纳米复合材料在生物医学领域的应用研究综述》本文详细分析了石墨烯基纳米复合材料在生物医学领域的应用。

石墨烯因其出色的导电性、导热性和高强度，被广泛地应用于生物医学领域。

将石墨烯与纳米材料复合可以改善石墨烯的可溶性和生物相容性，扩展了其应用范围。

这篇文章通过实例和案例详细阐述了石墨烯基纳米复合材料在生物医学领域中的特点和应用。

2. 《石墨烯光电器件的研究进展与展望》本文介绍了石墨烯光电器件在研究方面的进展和展望。

石墨烯具有极高的光电转换效率和广泛的吸收光谱范围，这使得它在制作光电器件方面具有天生优势。

在这篇文章中，作者以石墨烯光电器件的制备和性能控制为切入点，通过回顾石墨烯光电器件的研究进展，提出了一些可能的研究方向和未来发展趋势。

3. 《石墨烯复合材料填充剂的制备及其应用研究》本文主要研究石墨烯复合材料填充剂的制备及其应用研究。

石墨烯的出色性能和纳米级别的粒度，使其成为一种理想的高效填充剂。

在石墨烯掺杂的材料中，它能够显著提高材料的强度、硬度和热导率等性能。

这篇文章通过实验研究探索了石墨烯复合材料填充剂的制备方法和应用场景，并提出了具体的操作规范和注意事项。

4. 《石墨烯电池的制备与应用研究》本文重点研究了石墨烯电池的制备和应用。

石墨烯因其出色的导电性和机械性能，成为电池制备领域不可或缺的材料。

在石墨烯电池的制备和应用方面，本文详细介绍了纳米和复合石墨烯电极的制备方法、应用场景和性能等方面的特点。

基于实验结果，文章提出了石墨烯电池应用的展望和未来可能的研究方向。

总之，石墨烯是一种未来具有巨大潜力的材料。

文献检索报告

文献检索课程作业班级：07030141 姓名：张瑞琦学号：21课题：各种碳纳米材料的带隙一.课题分析检索课题：各种碳纳米材料的带隙（the band gap of Various carbon nano-particle）碳纳米管按照石墨烯片的层数分类可分为：单壁碳纳米管（Single-walled nanotubes, SWNTs）和多壁碳纳米管（Multi-walled nanotubes, MWNTs），碳纳米管作为一维纳米材料，重量轻，六边形结构连接完美，具有许多异常的力学、电学和化学性能。

电子在周期势场中传播时，由于电子波受到周期势场的布拉格散射，会形成能带结构，带与带之间可能存在带隙。

电子的能量如果落入在带隙中，传播是禁止的。

其实，不管任何波，只要受到周期性调制，都有能带结构，也都有可能出现带隙。

能量落在带隙中的波是不能传播的。

电磁渡或者光波也不例外。

1987年Yabnolovitch在讨论如何抑制自发辐射时提出了光子晶体这一新概念⋯。

几乎同时。

John在讨论光子局域时也独立提出了这一概念心l。

如果将不同介电常数的介电材料周期排歹fJ，电磁波在其中传播时由于布拉格散射，电磁波会受到调制而形成能带结构，这种葩带结构叫做光子能带。

光子能带之间可能出现带隙，即光子带隙，具有光子带隙的周期性介电结构就是光子晶体。

检索式：keywords:碳纳米管*带隙学科:材料加工年限:1999年-2009年文献类型:期刊，论文，网页二、选择检索工具：KI知识资源网站2.万方数据资源系统3.维普数据库4.ELSEVIER数据库5. Google学术搜索三、记录检索过程及检索结果：(一)信息资源系统名称：CNKI知识资源网站数据库名称：中国期刊全文数据库第一篇：【中文篇名】：纳米碳管的能带结构特征【作者中文名】：曹觉先; 颜晓红; 丁建文; 王登龙; 陆地;【文献出处】: 湘潭大学自然科学学报 , Natural Science Journal of Xiangtan University, 编辑部邮箱2001年 03期【中文摘要】: 发展了计算能带结构的ｓｐ３ｓ*模型，并应用该模型对无限长单壁纳米碳管的能带结构进行了系统的分析；发现对于［ｎ，ｍ］纳米碳管当ｎ＝ｍ时为金属性纳米碳管，ｍ－ｎ＝３ｑ（ｑ为整数）时为窄隙半导体管，而其他类型的纳米碳管均为宽隙半导体管．且对于ｎ－ｍ≠３ｑ的其禁带宽度与半径大致呈反比关系．【页数】:共4页【页码范围】:38-41页第二篇：【中文篇名】：笼状纳米结构的能谱特征【作者中文名】：郭朝晖;【文献出处】: 湘潭大学硕士论文【中文摘要】: 笼状结构由于其结构特殊，具有小尺寸、表面界面丰富的特征，表现出一些常规固体不具有的反常物理性质。

石墨烯相关研究文献汇总

石墨烯相关研究文献汇总1.取少量鳞片石墨溶于芘-1-磺酸钠盐（Py-1-SO3）溶液，然后对溶液进行超声分散、离心洗涤，然后取上层溶液，进行表征。

经AFM 测试可知石墨片大小在0.2～0.4um，厚度在1～4nm。

从拉曼光谱得知，提高超声的处理时间可以减小石墨片的大小，并能得到较高的D 峰。

具体实验：取1mg芘-1-磺酸钠盐溶于10ml 蒸馏水中，并向其中加入30mg 鳞片石墨，超声80min后，离心（1000rpm，20min）去除大块未剥离的石墨，然后对上层液再离心（12000rpm，20min）收集上层液，向离心管下层加蒸馏水超声后再次离心收集上层液，如此重复三次。

将四次收集的上层液再次离心，去除石墨微粒，即为石墨烯分散液。

本文献还采用芘的其他磺酸盐和NMP进行分散作为对比研究。

文献：A simple method for graphene production based on exfoliation of graphite in water using 1-pyrenesulfonic acid sodium salt. Carbon,53 (2013) 357 –365.2.将天然石墨溶于IPA（2-丙醇）或DMF（二甲基甲酰胺）有机溶剂中，然后对溶液进行超声分散、离心后取400ul上层液，进行表征。

具体实验：取适量天然石墨分散在2-丙醇或者DMF中（1mg/mL），然后对溶液进行长时间超声，离心取上层溶液（400ul），滴于多孔无定形碳上（400目）进行TEM测试，另取400ul滴于氧化硅基底或者玻璃基底上，进行SEM及拉曼测试。

本文对不同的超声时间、有机溶剂以及超声时水的温度做了系统的探究，得出以下结论：随着超声时间的增加，石墨的碎片化显著增加（通过拉曼光谱ID /IG=C(λ)/La，La石墨碎片的平均尺寸）；石墨分散在一些与其表面自由能相近的溶剂中，其混合后的晗变接近于零，这样剥离石墨烯所需的能量较小（这样溶剂-石墨的相互作用是范德华力而不是共价键）。

石墨烯文献检索资料

《文献检索与科技论文写作》作业学生姓名年级专业班级学号指导教师职称目录第一部分文献查阅练习 (1)第二部分文献总结练习 (7)第三部分科技论文图表练习 (8)第四部分心得体会 (11)第一部分文献查阅练习1、黄毅，陈永胜.石墨烯的功能化及其相关应用.中国科学B辑:化学2009年第39卷第9期:887-896摘要：石墨烯是2004年才被发现的一种新型二维平面纳米材料，其特殊的单原子层结构决定了它具有丰富而新奇的物理性质.过去几年中，石墨烯已经成为了备受瞩目的国际前沿和热点.在石墨烯的研究和应用中，为了充分发挥其优良性质，并改善其成型加工性(如分散性和溶解性等)，必须对石墨烯进行功能化，研究人员也在这方面开展了积极而有效的工作.但是，关于石墨烯的功能化方面的研究还处在探索阶段，对各种功能化的方法和效果还缺乏系统的认识.如何根据实际需求对石墨烯进行预期和可控的功能化是我们所面临的机遇和挑战.本文重点阐述了石墨烯的共价键和非共价键功能化领域的最新进展，并对功能化石墨烯的应用作了介绍，最后对相关领域的发展趋势作了展望.关键词：功能化应用2、胡耀娟,金娟.石墨烯的制备、功能化及在化学中的应用.物理化学学报(Wuli Huaxue Xuebao)Acta Phys.-Chim.Sin.,2010,26(8)：2073-2086摘要：石墨烯是最近发现的一种具有二维平面结构的碳纳米材料,它的特殊单原子层结构使其具有许多独特的物理化学性质.有关石墨烯的基础和应用研究已成为当前的前沿和热点课题之一.本文仅就目前石墨烯的制备方法、功能化方法以及在化学领域中的应用作一综述,重点阐述石墨烯应用于化学修饰电极、化学电源、催化剂和药物载体以及气体传感器等方面的研究进展,并对石墨烯在相关领域的应用前景作了展望。

关键词：制备功能化应用.3、杨永岗,陈成猛,温月芳.新型炭材料.第23卷第3期2008年9月：193-200摘要：石墨烯是单原子厚度的二维碳原子晶体,也是性能优异的新型纳米复合填料。

基于CNKI数据库的我国石墨烯领域论文计量分析

基于CNKI数据库的我国石墨烯领域论文计量分析WEI Xiao-xu;ZHENG Jia【摘要】本文基于中国知网(CNKI)数据库期刊数据对我国石墨烯领域论文进行了文献计量分析,采用了Excel、ECharts和Citespace等软件对近5年石墨烯领域论文进行了发文趋势、地区分布、基金支持情况和时区热点的分析.结果表明,我国长三角地区石墨烯产业发展领先优势突出,学者们的研究趋势越来越聚焦于研发完善石墨烯的制备技术,达到更大规模、更高质量、更低成本的目的,推动石墨烯大规模应用,以及开发精密石墨烯电子器件,更多地将石墨烯应用于节能环保、电子信息、海洋工程等领域.【期刊名称】《全球科技经济瞭望》【年(卷),期】2019(034)003【总页数】6页(P59-64)【关键词】石墨烯;CNKI论文;知识图谱;计量分析【作者】WEI Xiao-xu;ZHENG Jia【作者单位】【正文语种】中文【中图分类】O613.711 概述石墨烯（Graphene）是由碳六元环组成的二维周期蜂窝状点阵结构[1] ，它可翘曲成零维的富勒烯，卷成一维的碳纳米管或堆垛成三维的石墨，也是构成其他石墨材料的基本单元[2] 。

具体来说,石墨烯是一种由碳原子构成的单层片状结构的新材料，是一种只有一个碳原子厚度的二维材料[3] 。

石墨烯是碳的多种形态中的基本结构[4] ，不仅具备碳原子独特的结构,还具备众多复杂的物理特性，据报道，这种二维形式的碳结构有望为未来的设备制造和材料科学的研究开辟新的机遇[5-7] 。

在2004年，英国曼彻斯特大学的安德烈·海姆教授和康斯坦丁·诺沃肖洛夫教授成功从石墨片中剥离出了石墨烯，这一实验证明了石墨烯可以单独存在，两人也在2010年荣获诺贝尔物理学奖。

从此石墨烯走入大众的视野，在全球范围迅速掀起了石墨烯制备和应用的研究热潮[8] 。

自石墨烯被发现之后，世界各个国家便展开了对石墨烯的研究，英国作为石墨烯的“诞生地”，相关研究却落后于中国、美国和日本。

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近三年来,石墨烯从概念上的二维材料变成现实材料,在化学和物理学界均引起轰动。

通过述评氧化石墨及氧化石墨烯的制备、结构、改性及其与聚合物的复合,展望了石墨烯及其复合材料的研究前景,认为通过机械剥离氧化石墨可规模化制备氧化石墨烯,进一步将其化学改性并制备复合材料已取得较大进展,这一途径被认为是石墨烯规模化应用的战略起点。

关键词：材料4、杨全红,吕伟,杨永岗.自由态二维碳原子晶体—单层石墨烯，新型炭材料.第23卷第2期，2008年6月，97-103摘要：石墨烯是近年发现的二维碳原子晶体,是目前碳质材料和凝聚态物理领域的研究热点之一。

石墨烯是构筑零维富勒烯、一维碳纳米管、三维体相石墨等sp2杂化碳的基本结构单元,具有更多奇特的性质。

通过简要介绍石墨烯的发现历史及分子结构,重点评述了石墨烯奇特的性质(特别是电学性质)和潜在的应用领域。

关键词：炭材料5、傅强，包信和.石墨烯的化学研究进展.2009年第54卷第18期:2657~2666摘要：评述了近3年来在石墨烯(graphene)制备化学、石墨烯化学改性、石墨烯表面化学和催化等方面取得的重要进展。

阐述了通过化学方法实现非支撑(freestanding)或准非支撑(quasifree-standing)石墨烯结构的可控和规模制备;通过表面反应对石墨烯进行掺杂和官能化,制备了石墨烷、石墨烯氧化物等具有特殊结构和性质的石墨烯相关化合物;这些石墨烯及石墨烯相关材料(graphene and related materials)在催化、储氢等领域展现出非常重要的应用前景.关键词：化学研究6、郑志祥.新型过渡金属/碳纳米复合材料的制备及分析应用研究。

摘要：本博士学位论文以石墨烯、碳纳米管、介孔碳以及表面活性物质为基本材料,通过自组装、掺杂等步骤,首先制备了石墨烯-碳纳米管、石墨烯-苯胺、聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵(PDDA)-介孔碳等复合材料,然后在其表面负载过渡金属纳米材料,进而制得了新型过渡金属/碳纳米复合材料。

并对所制备的材料进行了系统的分析与表征,研究了这些材料被用于催化、电化学传感器的可能性。

具体工作内容如下：1.采用原位自组装法制备了三明治层状堆叠结构的氧化石墨烯(Gr)-碳纳米管(CNTs)复合材料,然后利用乙二醇的一步还原法,将Pt纳米粒子负载于Gr/CNTs复合物表面,制得了Pt/Gr-CNTs复合材料。

利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X-射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)等手段对Pt/Gr-CNTs进行了系统的表征。

进一步研究证明Pt/Gr-CNTs复合材料在中性介质中对甲醇氧化具有高的催化活性。

2.在成功合成了具有夹心结构的Pt/Gr/CNTs复合材料基础上,发展了一种基于该复合材料的电化学传感器,建立了测定热敏纸纸样中双酚A含量的分析方法。

以循环伏安法(CV)和微分脉冲伏安法(DPV)为主建立的双酚A分析方法,可在6.0x10-8到8.0×10-5mol/L的浓度范围内进行测定,检测限为4.2×10-8mol/L(S/N=3)。

3.发展了一种基于有机和水相界面相转移的方法,通过电荷转移自组装技术制备了Gr/苯胺(ANI)纳米复合材料；同时以Gr-ANI为原材料,利用原位电聚合法制备了Gr/-聚苯胺(PANI)纳米复合材料；进而将金属钯负载在Gr/pANI基底上用于制作电化学传感的新材料。

用可见-紫外光谱法(UV-VIS)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等手段表征了制备的复合材料。

然后利用对苯二酚和邻苯二酚作为探针分子对Pd/Gr-PANI复合材料修饰电极的电催化活性进行了研究。

结果表明,该材料对两种探针分子具有良好的电催化作用,可用于对苯二酚和邻苯二酚同分异构体的同时测定。

4.通过原位自组装技术制备了三明治结构的Gr-CNTs纳米复合物,然后将其作为填料制备了导电性好的Gr-CNTs/聚酰亚胺(PI)混合膜。

并在此基础上制备了更高导电性的、表面银化的Ag-Gr-CNTs/PI柔性复合膜。

所制备的材料性质表明了其有望被应用于太阳能电池以及生物传感器等领域。

5.对介孔碳(MC)进行功能化修饰,然后利用水热反应法将类石墨烯材料MOS2负载于MC表面,制得了MoS2/PDDA-MC复合材料、并将其应用于电化学传感研究。

以该复合材料制得的修饰电极对L-半胱氨酸(L-Cys)具有良好的电催化能力,可望用于催化析氢、含硫有机小分子的检测。

关键词：制备应用研究7、杨凯.功能化纳米石墨烯在生物医学领域的应用.摘要：在最近几年，功能化纳米石墨烯由于具有独特物理化学性质在包括生物医学在内的很多领域都引起了广泛的关注。

在本博士论文中，我们系统地研究了功能化纳米石墨烯在生物医学尤其是肿瘤诊疗方面的潜在应用，并对这类材料的生物学效应和毒性学行为进行了探讨。

我们通过聚乙二醇修饰得到具有优良的水溶性和生物相容性的纳米石墨烯用于肿瘤成像及光热治疗；我们进一步研究不同表面修饰和不同尺寸的纳米石墨烯在生物体内的行为，并利用优化的纳米石墨烯实现了动物体内的超低光功率肿瘤光热治疗；同时我们还以纳米石墨烯为基底，构建基于纳米石墨烯的功能复合物用于肿瘤多模式成像及成像指导下的肿瘤光热治疗；考虑到纳米材料的生物学效应和毒理学是重要的基础科学问题，我们还对纳米石墨烯在生物体内的分布、代谢、以及潜在毒性进行了系统的研究。

主要的研究结果概括如下：第一章:简要概述了功能化纳米石墨烯的制备、在生物医学方面的应用以及潜在毒性问题，并着重阐述了本论文的选题依据和研究重点。

第二章:我们使用聚乙二醇（PEG）修饰氧化石墨烯(GO)，从而制备具有良好生物相容性的nGO-PEG，然后使用荧光标记nGO-PEG进行活体肿瘤模型的荧光成像。

小动物活体成像显示nGO-PEG在多种肿瘤模型中都有很高的富集，且具有较低的网状内皮系统吞噬。

我们然后利用nGO-PEG在近红外的强吸收进行活体肿瘤的光热治疗，达到100%的肿瘤杀灭能力。

第三章:我们使用水合肼分别还原GO和nGO-PEG得到不同尺寸的还原石墨烯(RGO)和超小尺寸的还原石墨烯（nRGO），然后使用支链状PEG(C18PMH-PEG)非共价修饰RGO和nRGO，从而制备出具有生物相容性的RGO-PEG和nRGO-PEG。

我们然后研究了不同尺寸和不同表面修饰的纳米石墨烯在生物体内的行为，并实现了超低功率的肿瘤光热治疗。

第四章:我们使用高温水热法制备还原石墨烯-四氧化三铁功能复合物（RGO-IONP），然后使用C18PMH-PEG非共价修饰得到RGO-IONP-PEG功能复合物。

利用其固有的近红外强吸收、强磁性以及额外的荧光标记，我们实现了基于RGO-IONP-PEG功能复合物的肿瘤多模态成像（光声、磁共振和荧光成像），并首次实现了基于RGO-IONP-PEG 功能复合物成像指导下的肿瘤光热治疗。

第五章:我们首次采用核素125I标记的方法来研究纳米石墨烯(nGO-PEG)在生物体内的长期分布以及潜在的长期毒性。

通过尾静脉将125I标记的nGO-PEG注射入小鼠体内，我们发现nGO-PEG主要聚集在网状内皮系统包括肝和脾，但是可以通过尿液和粪便排出体外。

我们还对实验小鼠的组织学和血液学进行分析，发现在我们使用的剂量（20mg/kg）下并没有对实验小鼠造成明显的毒性。

第六章:我们系统研究了GO及其衍生物分别经口服和腹腔给药后在体内的行为以及潜在的毒性。

我们发现通过口服给药的nGO-PEG很少被器官，而经腹腔给药，除了GO，功能化的纳米石墨烯包括nGO-PEG，RGO-PEG和nRGO-PEG主要被肝脾吸收。

虽然GO及其衍生物在小鼠体内停留很长时间，但是我们通过对组织学和血液学分析并没有实验小鼠造成明显的毒性。

总而言之，本论文对功能化纳米石墨烯以及功能复合物在生物医学上的应用，尤其在生物成像和肿瘤光热治疗等方面展开了较为系统的研究，并对纳米石墨烯的生物学效应和潜在毒性进行了较为深入的评价。

我们的研究成果有力地推进基于纳米石墨烯这一新型二维纳米材料在生物医学上的应用，也为发展探索基于纳米材料的新型肿瘤治疗方法提出了新的思路。

关键词：应用8、王宏智，高翠侠. 石墨烯/聚苯胺复合材料的制备及其电化学性能. 《物理化学学报(Wuli Huaxue Xuebao)》.2013, 29 (1), 117-122摘要: 以苯胺和氧化石墨烯(GO)为原料, 采用电化学方法制备了石墨烯/聚苯胺(GP)复合材料. 利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、拉曼(Raman)光谱、X射线光电子能谱分析(XPS)对其结构、微观形貌进行了表征,并对复合材料电化学性能进行了测试. 结果表明, 复合材料保持了石墨烯的基本形貌, 聚苯胺颗粒均匀地分散在石墨烯表面, 复合材料在500 mA·g-1的电流密度下比电容达到352 F·g-1, 1000 mA·g-1下比电容为315 F·g-1, 经过1000 次的充放电循环后容量保持率达到90%, 远大于石墨烯和聚苯胺单体的比电容. 复合材料放电效率高, 电解质离子易于在电极中扩散和迁移.关键词：化学性能9、袁小亚. 石墨烯的制备研究进展. 无机材料学报. 2011年6月第26 卷第6 期.摘要: 近年来, 石墨烯以其独特的结构和优异的性能, 在化学、物理和材料学界引起了广泛的研究兴趣. 人们已经在石墨烯的制备方面取得了积极的进展, 为石墨烯的基础研究和应用开发提供了原料保障. 本文大量引用近三年最新参考文献, 综述了石墨烯的制备方法: 物理方法(微机械剥离法、液相或气相直接剥离法)与化学法(化学气相沉积法、晶体外延生长法、氧化−还原法), 并详细介绍了石墨烯的各种修饰方法. 分析比较了各种方法的优缺点, 指出了石墨烯制备方法的发展趋势.关键词：制备10、苏鹏，郭慧林. 氮掺杂石墨烯的制备及其超级电容性能. 物理化学学报.2012, 28 (11), 2745-2753摘要: 以氧化石墨烯(GO)为原料, 尿素为还原剂和氮掺杂剂, 采用水热法合成了氮掺杂石墨烯. 利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱、X 射线衍射(XRD)、X 射线光电子能谱(XPS)、氮气吸脱附分析、电导率和电化学测试对样品的形貌、结构、组成以及电化学性质进行表征. 结果表明:水热条件下尿素能有效地化学还原GO并对其进行氮掺杂; 通过调节原料与掺杂剂的质量比, 可以得到不同氮掺杂含量的石墨烯, 氮元素含量范围为5.47%-7.56% (原子分数); 在6 mol·L-1的KOH电解液中, 氮元素含量为7.50%的掺杂石墨烯的超级电容性能最优, 即在3 A·g-1电流密度下首次恒流充放电比电容可达184.5 F·g-1, 经1200次循环后的比电容为161.7 F·g-1, 电容保持率为87.6%.关键词：制备11、Q. Jane Wang.Encyclopedia of Tribology. ISBN: 978-0-387-92896-8 (Print) 978-0-387-92897-5 (Online)DescriptionThe AT89C51 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 4K bytes of Flash Programmable and Erasable Read Only Memory (PEROM). Thedevice is manufactured using Atmel’s high d ensity nonvolatile memory technologyand is compatible with the industry standard MCS-51™ instruction set and pinout. Theon-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventionalnonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU withFlash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89C51 is a powerful microcomputer which provides a highly flexible and cost effective solution to many embedded control applications.12、Kazuhiko Matsumoto. Frontiers of Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes. ISBN: 978-4-431-55371-7 (Print) 978-4-431-55372-4 (Online)DescriptionThe AT24C01A/02/04/08/16 provides 1024/2048/4096/8192/16384 bits of serial electrically erasable and programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) organized as128/256/512/1024/2048 words of 8 bits each. The device is optimized for use in manyautomotive applications where low-power and low-voltage operation are essential.The AT24C01A/02/04/08/16 is available in space-saving 8-lead PDIP and 8-leadJEDEC SOIC packages and is accessed via a two-wire serial interface. In addition,the entire family is available in 5.0V (4.5V to 5.5V) and 2.7V (2.7V to 5.5V) versions.第二部分文献总结练习摘要：石墨烯具有完美的二维晶体结构，它的晶格是由六个碳原子围成的六边形，厚度为一个原子层。