英美文学作品选读期末复习资料
《英美文学选读》复习资料
《英美文学选读》复习指导资料《英美文学选读》复习指导资料一． 课程介绍：课程介绍：本课程由英国文学和美国文学两个部分组成。
主要内容包括英美文学发展史及代表作家的简要介绍和作品选读。
及代表作家的简要介绍和作品选读。
文学史部分从英美两国历史、文学史部分从英美两国历史、文学史部分从英美两国历史、语言、语言、语言、文化发文化发展的角度，简要介绍英美两国文学各个历史时代的主要历史背景、文学文化思潮、文学流派、社会政治、经济、文化等对文学发展的影响，主要作家的文学生涯，创作思想，艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格、思想意义等。
选读部分主要接选了英美文学史上各个时期重要作家的代表作品，包括诗歌、戏剧、小说、散文等。
戏剧、小说、散文等。
二． 《英美文学选读》的考核目标，按照识记，领会，应用规定应当达到的能力层次要求。
三个层次呈递进关系，其含义是：识记：识记： 有关的概念、定义、知识点等能够记住领会：领会： 在识记的基础上，能够把握基本概念、基本方法和彼此之间的关系和区别和区别应用了在领会的基础上，能运用本课程的基本理论，能运用本课程的基本理论，基本知识和方法来分析基本知识和方法来分析英美文学作品，并能用英语正确表达。
Part 1 English Literature An Introduction to Old and Medieval English Literature 一．重点：有关这部分的文学史内容一．重点：有关这部分的文学史内容1．古代英国文学和中世纪英国文学的起始阶段2．英国文学史上的第一部民族史诗----Beowulf 3．中世纪文学的主要文学形式-----Romance 4．Geoffrey Chaucer 的文学贡献的文学贡献二．练习：二．练习：1. Choose the best answer for each blank. 1). The period of ______ English literature begins from about 450 to 1066, the year of ______. A . Old----Renaissance A. Old----Renaissance B. Middle---- the Norman Conquest of England C . Middle ---- Renaissance C. Middle ---- Renaissance D. Old---- the Norman Conquest of England 2).. 2).. The The The Medieval Medieval Medieval period period period in in in English English English literature literature literature extends extends extends from from from 1066 1066 1066 up up up to to to the the ______ century. A . mid-13th A. mid-13th B. mid-14th C. mid-15th D. mid-16th 3). Beowulf, a typical example of Old English poetry, is regarded today as the national ______ of the Anglo-Saxons. A . sonnet A. sonnet B. essay C. epic D. novel 4). 4). In The Canterbury Tales, ______ presented to In The Canterbury Tales, ______ presented to us us a comprehensive realistic a comprehensive realistic picture picture of of of the the the English English English society society society of of of his his his time time time and and and created created created a a a whole whole whole gallery gallery gallery of of of vivid vivid characters from all walks of life. A. A. Geoffrey Geoffrey Chaucer Chaucer B. B. William Shakespeare Shakespeare C. C. Francis Bacon D. William Langland 5). 5). For For For the the the Renaissance, Renaissance, Renaissance, ______ ______ ______ was was was regarded regarded regarded as as as the the the English English English Homer. Homer. His reputation reputation has has has been been been securely securely securely established established established as as as one one one of of of the the the best best best English English English poets poets poets for for for his his wisdom, humor and ______. A . Geoffrey Chaucer----wits A. Geoffrey Chaucer----wits B. William Shakespeare----wits C . Geoffrey Chaucer----humanity C. Geoffrey Chaucer----humanity D. William Shakespeare----humanity 6). After the conquest of 1066, three languages co-existed in England. They are ______, ______ and ______. A . Old English, Greek, Latin A. Old English, Greek, Latin B. Old English, French, Latin C . Old English, Greek, French C. Old English, Greek, French D. English, Greek, French 7). 7). Geoffrey Geoffrey Geoffrey Chaucer Chaucer Chaucer is is is the the the greatest greatest greatest writer writer writer of of of the the the Medieval Medieval Medieval period period period in in in English English literature. In “The Legend of Good Women”, he used for the first time in English the rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter which is to be called later the ______. A . couplet A. couplet B. blank verse C. heroic couplet D. epic 8). 8). Thematically Thematically Thematically the the the poem poem poem “Beowulf” “Beowulf” “Beowulf” presents presents presents a a a vivid vivid vivid picture picture picture of of of how how how the the primitive people wage heroic struggle against the hostile forces of the ______ world under a wise and mighty ______. A. A. spiritual----hero B . B. natural----leader C. spiritual----god D. natural----monster 9). It can be said that though essentially still a medieval writer, Geoffrey Chaucer bore marks of humanism and anticipated a new ______ to come. A . man A. man B. theory C. doctrine D. era 10). 10). Geoffrey Geoffrey Geoffrey Chaucer Chaucer Chaucer introduced introduced introduced from from from France France France the the the rhymed rhymed rhymed stanzas stanzas stanzas of of of various various types to English poetry to replace the Old English ______ verse. A . rhymed A. rhymed B. alliterative C. social D. visionary 2. Explain the following literal terms. 1). Romance 2). Heroic Couplet 3). Epic 3. Answer the following questions. 1). How many groups do the Old English poetry poetry divided into? What divided into? What are they? Which group does Beowulf belong to? Why? 2). What is the contribution of Geoffrey Chaucer to English literature? Chapter1. The The Renaissance Period一．重点一．重点前言部分前言部分1． 文艺复兴的起源，起始时间，内容及特征2． 人文主义的有关主张及对文学的影响人文主义的有关主张及对文学的影响3． 文艺复兴时期的主要文学形式及其特征练习：练习：Renaissance Period 1. Choose the best answer for each blank. 1). 1). The The The Renaissance, Renaissance, Renaissance, in in in essence, essence, essence, is is is a a a historical historical historical period period period in in in which which which the the the European European ______ thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval medieval Europe, Europe, Europe, to to to introduce introduce introduce new new new ideas ideas ideas that that that expressed expressed expressed the the the interests interests interests of of of the the the rising rising bourgeoisie, and to recover the purity of the early church form the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church. A . Greek and Roman A. Greek and Roman B. humanist C. religious D. loyal 2). 2). Generally, Generally, Generally, the the the ______ ______ ______ refers refers refers to to to the the the period period period between between between the the the 14th 14th 14th and and and mid-17th mid-17th centuries. centuries. It It It first first first started started started in in in Italy, Italy, with with the the the flowering flowering flowering of of of painting, painting, painting, sculpture sculpture sculpture and and literature. From Italy the movement went to embrace the rest of Europe. A. Medieval Period B . B. Renaissance C. Old English Period D . D. Romantic Period 3). ______ is is the the the essence essence of of the the the Renaissance. Renaissance. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and _______ are the best representatives of the English humanists. A. Humanity---- William Shakespeare B. Humanism-----Francis Bacon C. Humanity---- Geoffrey Chaucer D. Humanism----William Shakespeare 4). The Elizabethan ______ is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance. The The most most most famous famous famous dramatists dramatists dramatists in in in the the the Renaissance Renaissance Renaissance England England England are are are Christopher Christopher Christopher Marlowe, Marlowe, William Shakespeare, and ______. A . novel--- Geoffrey Chaucer A. novel--- Geoffrey Chaucer B. poetry----Francis Bacon C . drama----Ben Jonson C. drama----Ben Jonson D. drama----Geoffrey Chaucer 5). Humanism sprang from the endeavor to restore a medieval reverence for the antique antique authors authors authors and and and is is is frequently frequently frequently taken taken taken as as as the the the beginning beginning beginning of of of the the the Renaissance Renaissance Renaissance on on on its its conscious, intellectual side, for the Greek and ______ civilization was based on such a conception that ______ is the measure of all things. A . Roman ---- moral A. Roman ---- moral B. French---- reason C. Roman---- man D. French---- God 6).One of the major result of the Reformation in England was the fact that the Bible in English was placed in every church and services were held in English instead of ______ so that people could understand. A. Latin B. French C. Greek D. Anglo-Saxon 7). 7). Wyatt, Wyatt, Wyatt, in in in the the the Renaissance Renaissance Renaissance period, period, period, introduced introduced introduced the the the Petrarchan Petrarchan Petrarchan ______ ______ ______ into into England, while Surrey brought in ______ verse. A. drama----free B . B. sonnet----blank C . C. terzarima----blank D. couplet----free 8). 8). In In In the the the early early early stage stage stage of of of the the the English English English Renaissance, Renaissance, Renaissance, poetry poetry poetry and and and ______ ______ ______ were were were the the most outstanding forms and they were carried on especially by William Shakespeare and Ben Jonson. A. fiction B. dramatic fiction C. poetic drama D. novel 9). 9). By By By emphasizing emphasizing emphasizing the the the dignity dignity dignity of of of human human human beings beings beings and and and the the the importance importance importance of of of the the present life, ______ voiced their beliefs that man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of this life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders. A. humanists B. Protestants C. Catholics D. playwrights 10). ______ was the first important English essayist. He was also the founder of modern science in England. A . A. A. Edmund Edmund Edmund Spenser Spenser B. B. Christopher Christopher Christopher Marlowe Marlowe C. C. Francis Francis Francis Bacon Bacon D. Ben Jonson 2. Explain the following literal terms. 1). the Renaissance Period 2). blank verse 3). Humanism 3. Answer the following questions. 1). 1). Make Make Make a a a comment comment comment on on on the the the influence influence influence of of of Italian Italian Italian literary literary literary works works works upon upon upon the the literature in the Renaissance England. 2). Make a comment on humanism 3). 3). What are the typical characteristics of literary works produced in Renaissance England? 文艺复兴时期的主要作家。
自考英美文学选读复习资料
1.…I glanced back once. A wafer of a moon was shining over Gatsby's house, making the night fine as before, and surviving the laughter and the sound of his still glowing garden. A sudden emptiness seemed to flow now from the windows and the great doors, endowing with complete isolation the figure of the host, who stood on the porch, his hand up in a formal gesture of farewell.A.Identify the author and the title of the novel from which this passage is taken.F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great GatsbyB.The passage describes the end of an event. What is it?It is a description of the end of a big partyC.What implied meaning can you get from reading this passage?The passage hints at the meaninglessness, spiritual emptiness and vanity of such a life of pleasure-seeking. There is a tragic sense that the “party” will be over.2. My tongue, every atom of my blood, form'd from this soil, this air,Born here of parents born here from parents the same, and their parents the same,I, now thirty-seven years old in perfect health begin,Hoping to cease not till death.A.Identify the poet and the title of the poem.Whitman, Song of MyselfB.What do "soil" and "air" represent in the first line?America, his country, his native landC.What does the poet try to say in the above four lines?I was born and nurtured by this land and shall from now on devote my whole life to the country.3. “I celebrate myself, and sing myself,And what I assume you shall assume,For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.I loafe and invite my soul,I lean and loafe at my ease observing a spear of summer grass.”(From Walt Whitman‟s “Song of Myself”)A. Who does“myself”refer to ?The poet himself and the American people.B. How do you understand the line“I loafe and invite my soul?”The line indicates a separation of the body and the soul.C. What does“a spear of summer grass”symbolize?The phrase indicates Whitman‟s optimism and experience.4. "And the native hue of resolution/Is sicklied o‟er with the pale cast of thought." (Shakespeare, Humlet)A. What does the "native hue of resolution" mean?determination (determinedness, action, activity, ...)B. What does the "pale cast of thought" stand for?consideration (indecision, inactivity, hesitation, ...)C. What idea do the two lines express?Too much thinking (consideration,...) made (makes) activity (action) impossible.5. "Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere; /Destroyer and Preserver; hear, O hear!"A. Identify the poem and the poet.Shelley‟s O de to the West WindB. What is the "Wild Spirit"?The West Wind; "breath of Autumn‟s being"C. What does the "Wild Spirit" destroy and preserve?It destroys things that are dead, it preserves new life.6. "When the minister spoke from the pulpit, with power and fervid eloquence, and, with his hands on the open bible, ofthe sacred truths of our religion, and of saint-like lives and triumphant deaths, and of future bliss or misery unutterable, then did Goodman Brown turn pale, dreading, lest the roof should thunder down upon the gray blasphemer and his hearers.A. Identify the title of the short story from which this part is taken.Hawthorne‟s Young Goodman BrownB. What had happened in the story before this church scene?Brown had attended a witc hes‟ party where he saw many prominent people of the village, the minister included.C. Why was Goodman Brown afraid the roof might thunder down?Brown was shocked by the minister, secretly a member of the evil club, who could talk about sacred truths of the religion openly and unashamedly. He thought God would punish such hypocrites down on them.7. (A lot of common objects have been enumerated before, and here are the last two lines of There Was a Child Went Forth :)The horizon‟s edge, the fly ing sea-crow, the fragrance of salt marsh and shore mud.These became part of that child who went forth every day, and who now goes, and will always go forth every day.A. Who is the author of this poem? What is the title of the poem?Whitman. There was a Child Went ForthB. What does the "Child" stand for in the poem?The young growing America.C. In one or two sentences, interpret the implied meaning of the two lines.The poet uses his childhood experience of growing up and learning about the world around him to imply that young America will grow and develop like that.D. How do you understand “These became part of the child”?It is interesting to reexamine the sequence of the items list in this poem which “became part of the child”. They re flect the natural process of a boy‟s growth. At first, his world was limited within the barnyard. Later, he sought into fields and streets. Then, he became interested in something more mysterious—his fellow human beings. Finally, he was on the symbolic threshold of the outside world, the sea. He had grown into a young man from a boy.8.“And when I am formulated, sprawling on a pin,When I am pinned and wriggling on the wall.Then how should beginTo spit out all the butt-ends of my days and ways.”A.Identify the poem and the poet.T.S. Eliot‟s The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock.B.What does the phrase “butt-ends” mean?The ends of cigarettes, meaning trivial things here.C.What idea does the quoted passage express?He re, Prufrock‟s inability to do anything against the society he is in is made him strikingly clear by using a sharp comparison. Prufrock imagines himself as a kind of insect pinned on the wall and struggling in vain to get free. This image vividly shows Pru frock‟s current predicament.9.“I shall be telling this with a sighSomewhere ages and ages hence:Two roads diverged in a wood, and I—I took the one less traveled by,And that has made all the difference.”A.Idenfity the poem and the poet.Robert Lee Frost‟s The Road Not Taken.B.What does the phrase “ages and ages hence” mean?Many many years later.C.What idea does the quoted passage express?The speaker is telling his experience of making the choice of the roads. But he is conscious of the fact that his choice will have made all the difference in his life. He seems to be giving a suggestion to the reader “make good choice of your life”.D. What additional meaning do the two roads have?Life is here compared to a journey. The two roads stand for the choice one has to make at a critical moment in his life.E. What dilemma is the speaker facing?Since where the road leads to is uncertain, one has to wait to see the result of the choice until one‟s life is coming to an end. Then it will be too late. The speaker acknowledges the limits of life, yet he indulges himself in the notion that we could be really different from what we have become, because life is unpredictable.10. “A violet by a moss y stoneHalf hidden from the eye!－Fair as a star, when only oneIs shining in the sky.”A. Identify the author and the title of the poem from which this stanza is taken.William Wordsworth, “She Dwelt Among the U ntrodden Ways”B. Pick out the metaphor used in this stanza.The flower (violet) is used as a metaphor.C. What quality does the author intend to show by using the metaphor?By comparing a country girl (Lucy) to a violet, the author intends to show her quality of beauty and her virtues which are often neglected by the common people just like a wild flower blooming by an untrodden road.11. “We passed The School, where Children stroveAt Recess－in the Ring－We passed The Fields of Gazing GrainWe passed The Setting Sun－”A. Who is the author and the poemEmily Dickinson “Because I could not stop for Death－”B. What do the underlined parts symbolize?It stands for three stage of life: “the school” --youth, “the Fields of Gazing Grain”—mature period, “the setting sun”—end of lifeC. Where were “we” heading toward?“We” are riding in a carriage, heading towards Eternity.D. What figure of speech is used in the poem?SymbolismE. What are Dicki nson‟s unique writing features in relation to the quoted lines?Dashes are used as a musical device to create cadence and capital letters as a means of emphasis.12. “Never did sun more beautifully steepIn his first splendor, valley, rock, or hill;Ne‟er saw I, never felt, a calm so deep!The river glideth at his own sweet will:Dear God! The very houses seem asleep;And all that mighty heart is lying still!”(William Wordsworth‟s sonnet: “Composed upon Westminster Bridge” September 3, 1802)Questions:A. What does the word “glideth” in the fourth line mean?The word “glideth” means “flows”B. What kind of figure of speech is used by wordsworth to describe the “river”?Wordsworth uses personification to describe the “river”.C. What idea does the fourth line express?The 4th line expresses the idea that the river is flowing happily as a living things, which implies the beauty of the nature.D. What does this sonnet describe?It describes a vivid picture of a beautiful morning in London.E. What does the word “mighty heart” refer to?LondonF. The sonnet follows strictly the Italian form. What is the feature of the Italian form of sonnet?It follows strictly the Italian form, with a clear division between the octave and the sestet, the rhyme scheme is abbaabba, cdcdcd..13. “The river glideth at his own sweet will：Dear God! the very houses seem asleep；And all that mighty heart is lying still!”(from William Wordsworth‟s “Composed upon Westminster Bridge”)A. What figure of speech is used in the quoted lines?Italian formB. What does “that mighty heart‟‟ refer to?LondonC. What does the poem describe?—It describes a vivid picture of a beautiful morning in London14. “With Blue—uncertain stumbling Buzz—Between the light—and me—And then the Windows failed—and thenI could not see to see—”A. Identify the poem and the poet.I heard a Fly buzz-when I died by Emily Dickinson.B. What do “Windows” symbolically stand for?Eyes, for they are considered as the window of human soul. .C. What idea does the quoted passage express?The last thing the dying person saw and heard was the flying and its buzz. When the eyes failed, the human soul was closed and the person died. (The speaker could not see any of the afterlife or God or angels she expected to see.) 15. “…Is dying hard, Daddy?‟…No, I think it‟s pretty easy, Nick, It all depends.”‟A. Identify the work and the author.Earnest Hemingway, Indian CampB. What was Nick preoccupied with when he asked the question?Nick was preoccupied with the pain and the violence of death./life and deathC. Why did the father add “It all depends” after he answered his son‟s question?By adding “It all depends” the father meant that death means differently to diffe rent people. To such weak persons like the husband of the Indian woman it‟s a pretty easy, while strong-willed person will not easily commit suicide.16.“…Faith! Faith!‟cried the husband. …Look up to Heaven, and resist the Wicked One.‟”A.Identify the work and the author.Hawthorne, Young Goodman BrownB.What idea does the quoted sentence express?Goodman Brown here is obviously addressing the image of his wife, urging her to resist the devil. At the same time he is exhorting himself to have faith, to look heavenward, to withstand the infernal eloquence of the Wicked one.17.“Not on thy sole, but on thy soul, harsh Jew,Thou mak‟st thy knife keen; but no metal can,No, not the hangman‟s axe, bear half the keennessOf thy sharp envy.”A. Identify the author and the title of the play from which this part is taken.William Shakespeare, The Merchant of Venice.B. What figure of speech is used in this quoted passage?PunC. What idea does the passage express?18.“The woods are lovely, dark and deep,But I have promises to keep,And miles to go before I sleep,And miles to go before I sleep.”A. Identify the poem and the poet.Robert Lee Frost, Stopping by Woods on a Snowy EveningB. What does the word“sleep”mean?dieC. What idea do the four lines express?When facing the still and lovely forest, the speaker cannot stay, because of his obligation and responsibilities. 19. “Not lose possession of that fair thou ow‟st:Nor shall Death brag thou wander‟st in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou grow‟st;So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.”A. Identify the author and the title of the poem.Shakespeare‟s Sonnet 18B. What does the word “this” in the last line refer to?“This” refer s to the poem.C. What idea do the quoted lines express?When you are in my eternal poetry, you are even with time. A nice summer‟s day is usually transient, but the beauty in poetry can last forever.20．“Shall I compare thee to a summer‟s day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate:Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summer‟s lease hath all too short a date:”A．Identify the poet and the poem from which the quoted lines are taken.Shakespeare‟s Sonnet 18B．Name the figure of speech employed in the poem.PersonificationC．What is the theme of the poem?A nice summer‟s day is usually transient, but the beauty in poetry can last for ever.21. “…only Miss Emily‟s house was left, lifting its stubborn and coquettish deca y above the cotton wagons and the gasoline pumps—an eyesore among eyesores.”A. Identify the author and the work.William Faulkner‟s A Rose for Emily.B. What is the meaning of “an eyesore among eyesores”?The meaning of “an eyesore among eyesores” is the most unpleasant thing to look at.C.What does this quoted passage indicate?The house is a perfect mirror image of the owner who is stubborn and coquettish and deliberately detaches herselffrom the communal life in this small town.22. “To be, or not to be—that is the question;Whether‟ tis nobler in the mind to sufferThe slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,And by opposing end them?”A. Identify the author and the title of the passage from which this part is taken.William Shakespeare, HamletB. Explain the meaning of “To be, or not to be”To live on in this world or to die, to suffer or to take action.C. How you understand the last lines?To take up arms against troubles that sweep upon us like a sea.23．“For oft, when on my couch I lieIn vacant or in pensive mood,they flash upon that inward eye”A．Identify the author and the title.William Wordsworth, I wandered Lonely as a CloudB．What does the phrase “inward eye” m ean?Human soulC．Write out the main idea of the passage in plain English.The poet expressed his love for the daffodils.24．“There was music from my neighbor‟s house through the summer nights. In his blue gardens men and girls came and went like moths among the whisperings and the champagne and the stars. At high tide in the afternoon I watched his guests diving from the tower of his raft, or taking the sun on the hot sand of his beach while his two motor—boats slit the waters of the Sound, drawing aquaplanes over cataracts of foam. On week—ends his Rolls—Royce became an omnibus, bearing parties to and from the city between nine in the morning and long past midnight, while his station wagon scampered like a brisk yellow bug to meet all trains. And on Mondays eight servants, including an extra gardener, toiled all day with mops and scrubbing—brushes and hammers and garden—shears, repairing the ravages of the night before.”A．Identify the author and the title of the novel from which this passage is taken.F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great GatsbyB．What can you imply by reading this passage?It describes Gatsby‟s extravagance.C．What do the “moths ” symbolize?Moths are used metaphorically to refer to those people who are drawn to the party simply for its glamour, for the wealth of Gatsby.25．“Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless? —You think wrong!… And if God had gifted me with some beauty, and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you…—it is my spirit that addresses your spirit; just as if both had passed through the grave, and we stood at God‟s feet, equal—as we are!”A．Identify the author and the novel from which the quoted part is taken.Charlotte Bronte, Jane EyreB．To whom is the speaker speaking?Jane Eyre is speaking to Rochester.C．What does the quoted part imply about the speaker?Jane Eyre loves Rochester but she values her basic rights and equality as a human being.26. “When the stars threw down their spears,And water‟d heaven with their tears,Did he smile his work to see?Did he who made the Lamb make thee?”A. Identify the poet and the poem from which the quoted lines are taken—William Blake‟s “The Tyger”B. Whom does the “he‟‟ refer to?—the GodC. What does the “Lamb” symbolize?—The “Lamb” symbol of peace and purity.27. “I cannot rub the strangeness from my sightI got from looking through a pane of glassI skimmed this morning from the drinking troughAnd held against the world of hoary grass.”A. Identify the poet and the poem from which the quoted lines are taken.—Robert Lee Frost, After Apple-PickingB.what do es the word “strangeness‟‟ refer to?—the “essence of winter sleep” ????????C. What do the quoted lines imply?。
英美文学选读复习资料
英国文学选读复习资料一.Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) 杰弗里.乔叟时期1、the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父2、heroic couplet 英雄双韵体：a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵) lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格)3、代表作：the Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷的故事 (英国文学史的开端)人文主义先驱，the father of English poetry..第一个用英语写作的诗人。
二. William Shakespeare1.The four great tragedies by William Shakespeare are _Hamlet_, _Othello_, _King Lear_, Macbeth. 四大喜剧是A Midsummer Night's Dream ;As you like it ;Twelfth Night ;The merchant of Venice .the period of Revolution and Restoration (17世纪) 资产阶级革命与王权复辟prose 散文1、文学特点：the Puritans(清教徒) believed in simplicity of life、disapproved of the sonnets and the love poetry、breaking up of old ideals.清教徒崇尚俭朴的生活、拒绝十四行诗和爱情诗、与旧思想脱离。
2、代表人物：1)、John Donne 约翰.多恩The founder of the“metaphysical”poets (玄学派诗人) 的代表人物代表作:Love lyrics:Songs and sonnets.The Flea.A Valediction: forbidding morning作品特点：① strike the reader in Donne’s extraordinary frankness and penetrating realism.(坦诚的态度和现实描绘)② novelty of subject matter an d point(新颖的题材和视角)③ novelty of its form.(新颖的形式)2)、John Milton 约翰.弥尔顿 a great poet 诗人（ poem 诗歌 blank verse ）was a _radical puritan in politics and religion. 激进清教徒分子。
英美文学期末考试复习
第一章殖民主义时期的文学1、American Puritanism was one of the most enduring shaping influences in American thought and American literature.American Puritanism influences on American literature:a. Idealism and optimism 理想主义和乐观主义b. Symbolism 象征主义c. Simplicity. 简洁清教徒采用的文学体裁：a、narratives 日记 b、journals 游记清教徒在美国的写作内容：1）their voyage to the new land2) Adapting themselves to unfamiliar climates and crops3) About dealing with Indians4) Guide to the new land, endless bounty, invitation to bold spirit清教徒的思想：1）puritan want to make up pure their religious beliefs and practices 净化信仰和行为方式2) Wish to restore simplicity to church and the authority of the Bible to the theology. 重建教堂，提供简单服务，建立神圣地位3）look upon themselves as chosen people, and it follow logically that anyone who challenged their way of life is opposing God's will and is not to be accepted. 认为自己是上帝选民，对他们的生活有异议就是反对上帝4）puritan opposition to pleasure and the arts sometimes has been exaggerated. 反对对快乐和艺术的追求到了十分荒唐的地步 5）religious teaching tended to emphasize the image of a wrathful God.强调上帝严厉的一面，忽视上帝仁慈的一面。
英美文学作品选读期末复习资料
英美文学作品选读期末复习资料I.Multiple Choice：1.A(n) ____is a piece of writing which is often written from an author'spersonal point of view. Essays can consist of a number of elements, including: literary criticism, political manifestos, learned arguments, observations of daily life, recollections, and reflections of the author.A.poemB. novelC. essayD. drama2.Which is written by Jane Austen?A.PersuasionB.Waiting for GodotC.NatureD.The Old Man and the Sea3.The following sentences are taken from_______“Nature always wears the colors of the spirit. To a man laboring under calamity, the heat of his own fire hath sadness in it.”A. NatureB. The Self-relianceC. The Sun Also RisesD. The American Scholar4.Samuel Beckett’s work offers a bleak, tragicomic outlook on____,often coupled with black comedy and gallows humour.A.human natureB.loveC.deathD.life5.The following is taken from_______“Nay there is no stand or impediment in the wi t, but may be wrought out by fit studies: like as diseases of the body may have appropriate exercises.”A. “My Heart’s in Highlands”B. “Mending Wall”C. “Of Study”D. “The Sun Rising”6.The following sentence is taken from_______“It is a truth universall y acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife.”A. NatureB. The Old Man and the SeaC. Waiting for GodotD. Pride and Prejudice7.The following is taken from_______“Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.”A.“The Road Not Taken”B. “A Red, Red Rose”C. “Of Study”D. “Stopping by Woods on a Snowing Evening”8.The following is taken from_______“So if a man's wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again.”A. “Of Study”B. “A Red, Red Rose”C. NatureD. “Stopping by Woods on a Snowing Evening”9.The following is taken from_______“Their chief use for delight is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business.”A. “Stopping by Woods on a Snowing Evening”B. “Mending Wall”C. “Of Study”D. “The Sun Rising”10.The following sentences are taken from_______“Santiago,”the boy said to him as they climbed the bank from where the skiff was hauled up. “I could go with you again. We’ve made some money.”A.The Old Man and the SeaB. The American ScholarC. The Sun Also RisesD. Emma11.Which is written by Hemingway?A.Pride and PrejudiceB. A Farewell to ArmsC.Oedipus the KingD.Sense and Sensibility12.Which is written by Francis Bacon?A.Advancement of LearningB. The Self-relianceC.“Mending Wall”D.“A Red Red Rose”13.First published in 1813, Pride and Prejudice has consistently beenJane Austen's most popular novel.A. 1813B. 1820C. 1913D. 193014.Which is written by Francis Bacon?A.“ of Wisdom”B.NatureC.“The Road Not Taken”D.“A Red Red Rose”15.The following sentence is taken from_______“Nature is a setting that fits equally well a comic or a mourning piece.”A. Pride and PrejudiceB. A Farewell to ArmsC. NatureD. Emma16.The following sentences are taken from_______“Mr. Bingley was good looking and gentlemanlike; he had a pleasant countenance, and easy, unaffected manners. His sisters were fine women, with an air of decided fashion.”A. NatureB. The Old Man and the SeaC. Waiting for GodotD. Pride and Prejudice17.Which is written by Emerson?A.The Old Man and the SeaB.Mansfield ParkC.Self-relianceD.Persuasion18.The following are ______’s writing features:His peasant origin and environment added him in capturing the happy simplicity, humor, directness and optimism, which are characteristic of all old Scottish songs.A.Robert FrostB.Robert BurnsC.BaconD.Emerson19.The following sentence is taken from_______“Yet it is certain that the power to produce this delight, does not reside in nature, but in man, or in a harmony of both.”A. NatureB. The Self-relianceC. EmmaD. The Sun Also Rises20.The following sentence is taken from_______“To go into solitude, a man needs to retire as much from his chamber as from society.”A. NatureB. “Of Study”C. Pride and PrejudiceD. The Old Man and the Sea21.In Pride and Prejudice, none of the Bennet’s daughters can inheritthe estate of the family for it has been entailed upon the nearest male heir,______.A.DarcyB.William CollinsC.WickhamD.Santiago22.Which is written by Emerson?A.The Old Man and the SeaB.The American ScholarC.Mansfield ParkD.Persuasion23.Which is written by Shakespeare?A.Waiting for GodotB. Oedipus the KingC. OthelloD. The Women of Trachis24.The title Pride and Prejudice refers (among other things) to the waysin which Elizabeth and _____ first view each other.A. CollinsB. SantiagoC.WickhamD. Darcy25.Which is written by Francis Bacon?A.Sense and sensibilityB.“of Friendship”C.“Mending Wall”D．“A Red Red Rose”26.The following are taken from_______“And I will luve thee still, my dear, / Till a’ the seas gang dry:”A.“Mending Wall”B. “A Red, Red Rose”C. “The Road Not Taken”D. “Stopping by Woods on a Snowing Evening”27.The following are taken from_______“I took the one less traveled by, / And that has made all the difference.”A. “Mending Wall”B. “My Heart’s in Highlands”C. “A Red, Red Rose”D. “The Road Not Taken”28.The following is taken from_______“Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts;others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention.”A. “Mending Wall”B. “The Road Not Taken”C. “My Heart’s in Highlands”D. “Of Study”29. _______, Hemingway’s first novel, was published in 1926.A.A Farewell To ArmsB.The Old Man and the SeaC.Moby-DickD.The Sun Also Rises30.The following are taken from_______“O my Luve’s like the melodie / That’s sweetly played in tune.”A.“The Road Not Taken”B. “A Red, Red Rose”C. “My Heart’s in Highlands”D. “Stopping by Woods on a Snowing Evening”II. T——F Statements1. Beckett was awarded the 1969 Nobel Prize in Literature. T2. “My Heart’s in Highlands” is written by Robert Frost. F3. Mansfield Park is written by Jane Austen. T4. If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind is taken from "The Road N ot Taken”.5. Robert Frost shows the England scenery. He is closely concerned about farmers’ life and nature. F6.Francis Bacon was an English philosopher, statesman, scientist, jurist,and author. T7. “And be one traveler, long I stood / And looked down one as far as I couldTo where it bent in the undergrowth;”are taken from“The Road Not Taken”. T8.Bacon’s essays are famous for their brevity, precision and powerfulness. T9. Emerson was an American essayist, lecturer, and poet, who led the Transcendentalist movement of the 18th century. F10. The Old Man and the Sea centers upon Santiago, an aging fisherman who struggles with a giant marlin far out in the Gulf Stream. T11. Hemingway’s novels show a wealth of humor, wit and delicate satire.F12. Ernest Miller Hemingway was an American author and journalist. His economical and understated style had a strong influence on 20th-century fiction, while his life of adventure and his public image influenced later generations. T13. The theme of “A Red Red Rose” is life. F14．Hemingway’s wartime experiences in the World War II formed the basisfor his novel A Farewell to Arms. F15. Beckett is widely regarded as among the most influential writers ofthe 20th century. Strongly influenced by James Joyce, he is consideredone of the last modernists. T16．From 1811 until 1816, with the release of Sense and Sensibility(1811), Pride and Prejudice (1813), Mansfield Park (1814) and Emma (1816), Jane Austen achieved success as a published writer. T17. Beckett is one of the key writers in what Martin Esslin called the "Theatre of the Absurd". T18. “Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them” reveals the three attitudes towards study. T19．A(n) essay is a piece of writing which is often written from an author's personal point of view. Essays can consist of a number of elements, including: literary criticism, political manifestos, learned arguments, observations of daily life, recollections, and reflections of the author. T20. “Nature is a setti ng that fits equally well a comic or a mourning piece.” is taken from A Farewell to Arms. F21. The title Pride and Prejudice refers (among other things) to the waysin which Elizabeth and Collins first view each other. F22. “My Heart’s in Highlands” is n ot written by Robert Frost. T23. Hemingway won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954. T24. “Mr. Darcy danced only once with Mrs. Hurst and once with Miss Bingley, declined being introduced to any other lady,and spent the rest of the evening in walking about the room, speaking occasionally to one of his own party. His character was decided. He was the proudest, most disagreeable man in the world, and everybody hoped that he would never come there again.” are taken from Pride and Prejudice T25. “But he th ought, I keep them with precision. Only I have no luck any more. But who knows? Maybe today. Every day is a new day. It is better to be lucky. But I would rather be exact. Then when luck comes you are ready.” are taken from The Old Man and the Sea. T1.Define the term, essay.An essay is a piece of writing which is often written from an author's personal point of view. Essays can consist of a number of elements, including: literary criticism, political manifestos, learned arguments, observations of daily life, recollections, and reflections of the author. The definition of an essay is vague, overlapping with those of an article and a short story. Almost all modern essays are written in prose, but works in verse have been dubbed essays.2. Find out the three abuses of study in Of Study.To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humor of a scholar.3. Please enumerate three works of Robert Frost.“Mending Wall”“The Road Not Taken”“Stopping by Woods on a Snowing Evening”4．C omment on Hemingway’s writing features.He always tries his best to avoid using kinds of ways to depict things or piling big words and gorgeous adjectives. On thecontrary, he always adopts direct description and short sentences which are precise, laconic,bright and vivid. His writing style only serves his particular characters and theme.His unique writing style, “Iceberg Principle”: there is seven -eighths of the iceberg which is beneath the surface of the water in which it floats. He believes that a good writer does not need to reveal every detail of a character or action; the one –eighth that is presented will suggest all other meanings of the story.。
英美文学期末复习
第一课1.这段时间的历史背景：（1）The early inhabitants on the island we now called England were Britons (a tribe of Celts).（2）三次主要的侵略：a. The Roman Conquest .(In 55 B. C., Britain was invaded by the Roman general Julius Caesar. In 410, the Romans abandoned the island, which marks the end of “Roman Conquest” (55 B.C.—410 A.D.)b. the English (Anglo-Saxons) Conquest around 449. (England was invaded by three Germanic (Teutonic) tribes: the Angles, the Saxons and the Jutes, who came from the Northeast of Europe. The Anglo-Saxon invaders established some small kingdoms in Britain which by the 7th century were combined into a United Kingdom called England (the land of Angles). Its people were called the English. The three dialects spoken by them naturally grew into a single language called Anglo-Saxon, or Old English. 古英语到Norman Conquest结束，it is the ancestor of the Modern English)c. the Norman Conquest in 1066(3) The Anglo-Saxon period witnessed a transition from a tribal society to feudalism.2.术语：（1）epic：It’s a long narrative poem celebrating the great deeds of one or more legendary heroes, majestic in theme and style. （史诗的例子：Homer’s Epics: Iliad and Odyssey）（2）Alliteration (头韵)The repetition of similar sounds, usually consonant or consonant clusters, in a group of words. Sometimes the term is limited to the repetition of initial consonant sounds. (When alliteration occurs at the beginning of words, it is called initial alliteration; when it occurs within words, it is called internal or hidden alliteration. It usually occurs on stressed syllables.)3. 这一时期的文学：（1）The literature of this period falls naturally into two divisions---pagan and Christian.Two major genres: poetry and prose（2）the pagan represented by Beowulf and the Christian poetry represented by the works of Caedmon and Cynewulf（Caedmon is the first known religious poet of England. He is known as the father of English song.He wrote a poetic Paraphrase of the Bible）（3）Anglo-Saxon literature, or the Old English literature is almost exclusively a verse literature in oral form. It could be passed down by word of mouth from generation to generation.4. 关于Beowulf的一些信息：（1）The Song of Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language, and also the oldest surviving epic in the English language. The poem consists of 3182 lines. It is considered as the highest achievement of Old English literature and the earliest European vernacular (using the native language of a region, especially as distinct from the literary language) epic. It has achieved national epic status in Britain.(2). It tells the story of the Scandinavian hero Beowulf, , who gains fame as a young man by vanquishing the monster Grendel and Grendel's mother; later, as an aging king, he kills a dragon but dies soon after, honored and lamented.(3). The whole epic is to be divide into two parts with an interpolation (添写;插补) between the two. The whole song is pagan in spirit and matter, while the interpolation is obviously anaddition made by the Christian who copied the song.(因此带有一点基督教的特点)（4）. The Song of Beowulf的一些重要的特点：a. The use of alliteration is one of its most striking features.b. The use of compound-words (kennings隐喻表达法) to serve as metaphors.c. The use of understatements.(5). The Song of Beowulf 的主题或意义：Thematically, the poem presents a vivid picture of how the primitive people wage struggles against the hostile forces of the natural world under a wise and mighty leader.第二课1.历史背景：（1）Norman Conquest的定义：The French-speaking Normans under Duke William came in 1066. After defeating the English at Hastings, William was crowned as King of England. It was called the Norman Conquest.（Duke William也被称作William the Conqueror征服者威廉）（2）The Norman Conquest marks the establishment of feudalism in England.（3）Norman Conquest的影响：The three chief effects of the conquest were：(a) the bringing of Roman civilization to England;(b) the growth of nationality, i.e. a strong centralized government, instead of the loose union of Saxon tribes;(c) the new language and literature, which were proclaimed in Chaucer.注：语言方面的变化----Great changes took place in languages: after the conquest, three languages co-existed in England. The Normans spoke French, the lower class spoke English, and the scholars and clergymen used Latin.（There almost no written literature in English for a time. Romances, the prominent kind of literature in the Anglo-Norman Period, were at first all in French.）（4）在这一段历史时期内的重要事件：Important historical eventsa. the Hundred Years’ War (1337-1453)b. the Black Death (1348-49/50)c. the Rising of 13812.术语:(1).Romance: it is the literature for the upper class, which is a long composition in the narrative verse or prose form, describing the life and adventures of a noble hero. It generally concerns knights and involves a large amount of fighting as well as a number of miscellaneous (各种各样的)adventures.Features of a Romancea. in the narrative verse or prose form;b. central character: knightc. subjects: knightly adventures; chivalry loyalty; faith; courtesy; …courtly love;d. Romances had a lot to do with the noble, but nothing with the common folks;(2).Legend(民间传说): A song or narrative handed down from the past. Legends differ from myths on the basis of the elements of historical truth they contain.3. The prevailing form of literature in the feudal England was the Romance.Romance (罗曼司;骑士传奇) was a type of literature that was very popular in the Middle Ages. From France it wasintroduced into England in the second half of the 13th and 14th centuries.(是从法国引入的)4.Romance的主要分类：In subject matters (题材), romance naturally falls into three categories:(a) the Matter of France: tales about Charlemagne the Great and Roland, a French national hero in the 8th century. The most well-known piece is Chanson de Roland;(b) Matter of Greece and Rome: an endless series of fabulous tales about Alexander the Great, and about the fall of Troy;(c) Matter of Britain: tales having for their heroes Arthur and his knights of the Round Table.5. 有关亚瑟王的一些信息：King Arthur is one of the great mythic figures of English literature, a legendary king and champion of the Britons against the Anglo-Saxon invaders.6.在关于亚瑟王的Romance中，its culmination(巅峰) is in “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”对“Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”的一些评价：1). The story of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is the culmination of the Arthurian romances.2). Its theme is a series of tests on faith, courage, purity and human weakness for self-preservation.3). By placing self-protection before honor, Gawain has sinned and fallen and become an image of Adam. Human excellence (美德) is marked by original sin, and the girdle itself remains a perpetual reminder of his weakness.第三课乔叟一．乔叟的一些荣誉以及生平：1. Father of the English poetry2. “the father of English literature”3.forerunner of humanism,4.one of the greatest English poets (Chaucer, Shakespeare, Milton)5.the first English poet to use heroic couplet dexterously in his writing6.he maintained contacts ranged from the highest to the lowest.7.he died on Oct. 25, 1340. He was buried in Westminster Abbey, and his tomb became the nucleus of what is now known as Poets' Corner.二．乔叟的文学创作阶段：translation----adaptation----writing（先翻译别人的，再改写别人的，最后再写自己的）(1) Early WorksThe first period includes his early work (to 1370), which is based largely on French models,The Romaunt of the Rose 《玫瑰传奇》a translation, popular in Middle agesThe Book of the Duchess 《悼公爵夫人》the best work of the time(2)Italian PeriodChaucer's second period (up to c.1387) is called his Italian period because during this time his works were modeled primarily on Dante and Boccaccio (薄伽丘).Troilus and Criseyde《特罗伊洛斯和克瑞西德》a poem of a love story(3)The Canterbury TalesTo Chaucer's final period, in which he achieved his fullest artistic power, belongs his masterpiece, The Canterbury Tales (written mostly after 1387).关于The Canterbury Tales 的一些信息：The Canterbury Tales -------His masterpiece and a representative works of the Middle Ages.Written sometime in the 1380s, The Canterbury Tales -- the first selection of short stories in English-- - is about a group of pilgrims who agree to tell stories while they travel together to Canterbury, the seat of the English Church (still Catholic) and the site of the shrine dedicated to Thomas a Beckett, who was martyred for his faith.Originally, he proposed 124 stories; he actually wrote 24.The Canterbury Tales is the imitatio n of Boccaccio’s Decameron（模仿伯伽丘的十日谈。
英美文学~~复习资料范文
《英美文学选读》复习指导资料《英美文学选读》复习指导资料一．课程介绍：本课程由英国文学和美国文学两个部分组成。
主要内容包括英美文学发展史及代表作家的简要介绍和作品选读。
文学史部分从英美两国历史、语言、文化发展的角度，简要介绍英美两国文学各个历史时代的主要历史背景、文学文化思潮、文学流派、社会政治、经济、文化等对文学发展的影响，主要作家的文学生涯，创作思想，艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格、思想意义等。
选读部分主要接选了英美文学史上各个时期重要作家的代表作品，包括诗歌、戏剧、小说、散文等。
二．《英美文学选读》的考核目标，按照识记，领会，应用规定应当达到的能力层次要求。
三个层次呈递进关系，其含义是：识记：有关的概念、定义、知识点等能够记住领会：在识记的基础上，能够把握基本概念、基本方法和彼此之间的关系和区别应用了在领会的基础上，能运用本课程的基本理论，基本知识和方法来分析英美文学作品，并能用英语正确表达。
Part 1 English LiteratureAn Introduction to Old and Medieval English Literature一．重点：有关这部分的文学史内容1．古代英国文学和中世纪英国文学的起始阶段2．英国文学史上的第一部民族史诗----Beowulf3．中世纪文学的主要文学形式-----Romance4．Geoffrey Chaucer 的文学贡献二．练习：1. Choose the best answer for each blank.1). The period of ______ English literature begins from about 450 to 1066, the year of ______.A. Old----RenaissanceB. Middle---- the Norman Conquest of EnglandC. Middle ---- RenaissanceD. Old---- the Norman Conquest of England2).. The Medieval period in English literature extends from 1066 up to the ______ century.A. mid-13thB. mid-14thC. mid-15thD. mid-16th3). Beowulf, a typical example of Old English poetry, is regarded today as the national ______ of the Anglo-Saxons.A. sonnetB. essayC. epicD. novel4). In The Canterbury Tales, ______ presented to us a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. William ShakespeareC. Francis BaconD. William Langland5). For the Renaissance, ______ was regarded as the English Homer. His reputation has been securely established as one of the best English poets for his wisdom, humor and ______.A. Geoffrey Chaucer----witsB. William Shakespeare----witsC. Geoffrey Chaucer----humanityD. William Shakespeare----humanity6). After the conquest of 1066, three languages co-existed in England. They are ______, ______ and ______.A. Old English, Greek, LatinB. Old English, French, LatinC. Old English, Greek, FrenchD. English, Greek, French7). Geoffrey Chaucer is the greatest writer of the Medieval period in English literature. In “The Legend of Good Women”, he used for the first time in English the rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter which is to be called later the ______.A. coupletB. blank verseC. heroic coupletD. epic8). Thematically the poem “Beowulf” presents a vivid picture of how the primitive people wage heroic struggle against the hostile forces of the ______ world under a wise and mighty ______.A. spiritual----heroB. natural----leaderC. spiritual----godD. natural----monster9). It can be said that though essentially still a medieval writer, Geoffrey Chaucer bore marks of humanism and anticipated a new ______ to come.A. manB. theoryC. doctrineD. era10). Geoffrey Chaucer introduced from France the rhymed stanzas of various types to English poetry to replace the Old English ______ verse.A. rhymedB. alliterativeC. socialD. visionary2. Explain the following literal terms.1). Romance2). Heroic Couplet3). Epic3. Answer the following questions.1). How many groups do the Old English poetry divided into? What are they? Which group does Beowulf belong to? Why?2). What is the contribution of Geoffrey Chaucer to English literature?Chapter1. The Renaissance Period一．重点前言部分1．文艺复兴的起源，起始时间，内容及特征2．人文主义的有关主张及对文学的影响3．文艺复兴时期的主要文学形式及其特征练习：Renaissance Period1. Choose the best answer for each blank.1). The Renaissance, in essence, is a historical period in which the European ______ thinkers andscholars made attempts to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, and to recover the purity of the early church form the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church.A. Greek and RomanB. humanistC. religiousD. loyal2). Generally, the ______ refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries. It first started in Italy, with the flowering of painting, sculpture and literature. From Italy the movement went to embrace the rest of Europe.A. Medieval PeriodB. RenaissanceC. Old English PeriodD. Romantic Period3). ______ is the essence of the Renaissance. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and _______ are the best representatives of the English humanists.A. Humanity---- William ShakespeareB. Humanism-----Francis BaconC. Humanity---- Geoffrey ChaucerD. Humanism----William Shakespeare4). The Elizabethan ______ is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England are Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare, and______.A. novel--- Geoffrey ChaucerB. poetry----Francis BaconC. drama----Ben JonsonD. drama----Geoffrey Chaucer5). Humanism sprang from the endeavor to restore a medieval reverence for the antique authors and is frequently taken as the beginning of the Renaissance on its conscious, intellectual side, for the Greek and ______ civilization was based on such a conception that ______ is the measure of all things.A. Roman ---- moralB. French---- reasonC. Roman---- manD. French---- God6).One of the major result of the Reformation in England was the fact that the Bible in English was placed in every church and services were held in English instead of ______ so that peoplecould understand.A. LatinB. FrenchC. GreekD. Anglo-Saxon7). Wyatt, in the Renaissance period, introduced the Petrarchan ______ into England, while Surrey brought in ______ verse.A. drama----freeB. sonnet----blankC. terzarima----blankD. couplet----free8). In the early stage of the English Renaissance, poetry and ______ were the most outstandingforms and they were carried on especially by William Shakespeare and Ben Jonson.A. fictionB. dramatic fictionC. poetic dramaD. novel9). By emphasizing the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life, ______ voiced their beliefs that man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of this life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders.A. humanistsB. ProtestantsC. CatholicsD. playwrights10). ______ was the first important English essayist. He was also the founder of modern science inEngland.A. Edmund SpenserB. Christopher MarloweC. Francis BaconD. Ben Jonson2. Explain the following literal terms.1). the Renaissance Period2). blank verse3). Humanism3. Answer the following questions.1). Make a comment on the influence of Italian literary works upon the literature in the Renaissance England.2). Make a comment on humanism3). What are the typical characteristics of literary works produced in Renaissance England?文艺复兴时期的主要作家。
英美文学考试复习点重点整理
英美文学考试复习点重点整理1.现实主义、批判现实主义（代表人物、作品，以及每部作品讲了什么故事）P276—比如《匹克威克外传》主要讲什么？P281 《双城记》主要讲什么？P298 《大卫科波菲尔》主要讲什么？P2922.其中自传体形式的作品有哪些？3.傲慢与偏见的第一个名字：first impression(Pride and prejudice现)4.三姐妹指的是？5.19世纪有名小说名利场副标题：“A Novel Without a Hero”作者：William Makepeace Thackeray P3036.18th浪漫主义作家、代表作P211 反对什么,反抗什么思想？7.Pop代表作有哪些？P134 剪发记？8.玄学诗派有哪些人物组成？Leading Feature? P1169.乌托邦is written in form of ?P3310.Universal Wicks大学才子是谁？P5011.中世纪文学流行的是? 主题特征骑马精神P8？12.最著名作家：乔叟P1913.对于三次征服的概念（1）罗马征服P1 （2）英国人征服P2（3）诺曼征服P514.人民大宪章什么时候出现？时间：1837年1.John MiltonHe was born in London in 1608. He is a master of the blank verse, and a great stylist. And he is famous for his grand style.But his style is never exactly natural. He devoted almost twenty years of his best life to the fight for political, religious and personal liberty as a writer. His famous works are Paradise lost, Paradise Regained, and Samson Agonistes.2.RomanceRomance was the most prevailing kind of literature of theupper class in feudal England in the Medieval Ages. It is a long composition in verse or in prose which describes the life and chivalric adventures of a noble hero. The central character of romances is the knight, a man of noble birth skilled in the use of weapon. The theme of loyalty to king and lord was repeatedly emphasized in romances.3.the EnlightenmentIt is the philosophical and artistic movement growing out of the Renaissance and continuing until the nineteenth century. It was an optimistic belief that humanity could improve itself by applying logic and reasons to all things. Typically, these enlightenment writers would use satire to ridicule what they felt illogical errors in government, socialcustom, and religious belief.4.NeoclassicismThe neoclassical movement began in the mid-18th century and brought about a revival of interest in the old classical work. The neoclassicists held that forms of literature were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient Greek and Roman writers. They believed that the artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy, and that literature should be in judged in terms of its service to humanity./doc/0d16361832.html,ke poetsAlso called Lake School, it is a name applied to a group of poets in the 19th century, including Wordsworth, Coleridge, and Southey. They had lived in the Lake District in the northwest of England and shared a community of literary and social outlook in their works.6.MetaphysicalAbout the beginning of the 17th century appeared a schoolof poets called “Metaphysical”, including Donne, Herbert, Marvell, Vaughan, and Crashaw. The work of the metaphysical poets are characterized their wit, imaginative picturing, compressions, often cryptic expression and by generally speaking, by mysticism in content and fantasticality in form.7.Heroic coupletsA heroic couplet is a traditional form for English poetry, commonly used for epic and narrative poetry; it refers to poems constructed from a sequence of rhyming pairs of iambic pentameter lines. The rhyme is always masculine. The use of the heroic couplet was first pioneered by Chaucer in The legend of Good Women and The Canterbury Tales.8.BalladsBallad was the most important department of English folk literature. A ballad is a story told in song, usually in 4-line stanzas, with the second and fourth lines rhymed. They are anonymous narrative poems bearing the characteristics of folklore and designed for singing or oral recitation in various English and Scottish dialects. Ballad is mainly the literature of the common people and one is able to understand the outlook of the English common people in feudal society through the ballads. The subjects of ballad are various in kind, as the struggle of young lovers against their feudal—minded families, the conflict between love and wealth, the cruelty of jealousy, the criticism of the civil war, and the matters of class struggle. Usually a ballad deals with a single episode and the beginning is often abrupt, without any introduction to the characters and background information.回答问题1.撒旦为什么选择伊甸园作为复仇之地2.写一个关于傲慢与偏见的小结（作者、人物角色、情节、后果）和主题评价Pride and Prejudice is a novel by Jane Austen, first published in 1813.翻译题1.P103①Throw open all doors; let the re be light ; let every man think and bring his thoughts to the light;dread not any diversities of opinion.②Truth is compared in Scripture to a streaming fountain; if her waters flow not in a perpetual progression, they sicken into a muddy pool of conformity.③Where there is much desire to learn, there of necessity will be much arguing, much writing, many opinions; for opinion in good men is but knowledge in the marking.2.P193It was marked by a strong protest against the bondage of Classicism, by a recognition of the claims of passion and emotion, and by a renewedinterest in medieval literature.。
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I.Multiple Choice：1.A(n) ____is a piece of writing which is often written from an author'spersonal point of view. Essays can consist of a number of elements, including: literary criticism, political manifestos, learned arguments, observations of daily life, recollections, and reflections of the author.A.poemB. novelC. essayD. drama2.Which is written by Jane Austen?A.PersuasionB.Waiting for GodotC.NatureD.The Old Man and the Sea3.The following sentences are taken from_______“Nature always wears the colors of the spirit. To a man laboring under calamity, the heat of his own fire hath sadness in it.”A. NatureB. The Self-relianceC. The Sun Also RisesD. The American Scholar4.Samuel Beckett’s work offers a bleak, tragicomic outlook on____,often coupled with black comedy and gallows humour.A.human natureB.loveC.deathD.life5.The following is taken from_______“Nay there is no stand or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies: like as diseases of the body may have appropriate exercises.”A. “My Heart’s in Highlands”B. “Mending Wall”C. “Of Study”D. “The Sun Rising”6.The following sentence is taken from_______“It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife.”A. NatureB. The Old Man and the SeaC. Waiting for GodotD. Pride and Prejudice7.The following is taken from_______“Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.”A.“The Road Not Taken”B. “A Red, Red Rose”C. “Of Study”D. “Stopping by Woods on a Snowing Evening”8.The following is taken from_______“So if a man's wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again.”A. “Of Study”B. “A Red, Red Rose”C. NatureD. “Stopping by Woods on a Snowing Evening”9.The following is taken from_______“Their chief use for delight is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business.”A. “Stopping by Woods on a Snowing Evening”B. “Mending Wall”C. “Of Study”D. “The Sun Rising”10.The following sentences are taken from_______“Santiago,”the boy said to him as they climbed the bank from where the skiff was hauled up. “I could go with you again. We’ve made some money.”A.The Old Man and the SeaB. The American ScholarC. The Sun Also RisesD. Emma11.Which is written by Hemingway?A.Pride and PrejudiceB. A Farewell to ArmsC.Oedipus the KingD.Sense and Sensibility12.Which is written by Francis Bacon?A.Advancement of LearningB. The Self-relianceC.“Mending Wall”D.“A Red Red Rose”13.First published in 1813, Pride and Prejudice has consistently beenJane Austen's most popular novel.A. 1813B. 1820C. 1913D. 193014.Which is written by Francis Bacon?A.“ of Wisdom”B.NatureC.“The Road Not Taken”D.“A Red Red Rose”15.The following sentence is taken from_______“Nature is a setting that fits equally well a comic or a mourning piece.”A. Pride and PrejudiceB. A Farewell to ArmsC. NatureD. Emma16.The following sentences are taken from_______“Mr. Bingley was good looking and gentlemanlike; he had a pleasant countenance, and easy, unaffected manners. His sisters were fine women, with an air of decided fashion.”A. NatureB. The Old Man and the SeaC. Waiting for GodotD. Pride and Prejudice17.Which is written by Emerson?A.The Old Man and the SeaB.Mansfield ParkC.Self-relianceD.Persuasion18.The following are ______’s writing features:His peasant origin and environment added him in capturing the happy simplicity, humor, directness and optimism, which are characteristic of all old Scottish songs.A.Robert FrostB.Robert BurnsC.BaconD.Emerson19.The following sentence is taken from_______“Yet it is certain that the power to produce this delight, does not reside in nature, but in man, or in a harmony of both.”A. NatureB. The Self-relianceC. EmmaD. The Sun Also Rises20.The following sentence is taken from_______“To go into solitude, a man needs to retire as much from his chamber as from society.”A. NatureB. “Of Study”C. Pride and PrejudiceD. The Old Man and the Sea21.In Pride and Prejudice, none of the Bennet’s daughters can inheritthe estate of the family for it has been entailed upon the nearest male heir,______.A.DarcyB.William CollinsC.WickhamD.Santiago22.Which is written by Emerson?A.The Old Man and the SeaB.The American ScholarC.Mansfield ParkD.Persuasion23.Which is written by Shakespeare?A.Waiting for GodotB. Oedipus the KingC. OthelloD. The Women of Trachis24.The title Pride and Prejudice refers (among other things) to the waysin which Elizabeth and _____ first view each other.A. CollinsB. SantiagoC.WickhamD. Darcy25.Which is written by Francis Bacon?A.Sense and sensibilityB.“of Friendship”C.“Mending Wall”D．“A Red Red Rose”26.The following are taken from_______“And I will luve thee still, my dear, / Till a’ the seas gang dry:”A.“Mending Wall”B. “A Red, Red Rose”C. “The Road Not Taken”D. “Stopping by Woods on a Snowing Evening”27.The following are taken from_______“I took the one less traveled by, / And that has made all the difference.”A. “Mending Wall”B. “My Heart’s in Highlands”C. “A Red, Red Rose”D. “The Road Not Taken”28.The following is taken from_______“Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts;others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention.”A. “Mending Wall”B. “The Road Not Taken”C. “My Heart’s in Highlands”D. “Of Study”29. _______, Hemingway’s first novel, was published in 1926.A.A Farewell To ArmsB.The Old Man and the SeaC.Moby-DickD.The Sun Also Rises30.The following are taken from_______“O my Luve’s like the melodie / That’s sweetly played in tune.”A.“The Road Not Taken”B. “A Red, Red Rose”C. “My Heart’s in Highlands”D. “Stopping by Woods on a Snowing Evening”II. T——F Statements1. Beckett was awarded the 1969 Nobel Prize in Literature. T2. “My Heart’s in Highlands” is written by Robert Frost. F3. Mansfield Park is written by Jane Austen. T4. If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind is taken from "The Road Not Taken”.5. Robert Frost shows the England scenery. He is closely concerned about farmers’ life and nature. F6.Francis Bacon was an English philosopher, statesman, scientist, jurist,and author. T7. “And be one traveler, long I stood / And looked down one as far as I couldTo where it bent in the undergrowth;”are taken from“The Road Not Taken”. T8.Bacon’s essays are famous for their brevity, precision and powerfulness. T9. Emerson was an American essayist, lecturer, and poet, who led the Transcendentalist movement of the 18th century. F10. The Old Man and the Sea centers upon Santiago, an aging fisherman who struggles with a giant marlin far out in the Gulf Stream. T11. Hemingway’s novels show a wealth of humor, wit and delicate satire.F12. Ernest Miller Hemingway was an American author and journalist. His economical and understated style had a strong influence on 20th-century fiction, while his life of adventure and his public image influenced later generations. T13. The theme of “A Red Red Rose” is life. F14．Hemingway’s wartime experiences in the World War II formed the basisfor his novel A Farewell to Arms. F15. Beckett is widely regarded as among the most influential writers ofthe 20th century. Strongly influenced by James Joyce, he is consideredone of the last modernists. T16．From 1811 until 1816, with the release of Sense and Sensibility(1811), Pride and Prejudice (1813), Mansfield Park (1814) and Emma (1816), Jane Austen achieved success as a published writer. T17. Beckett is one of the key writers in what Martin Esslin called the "Theatre of the Absurd". T18. “Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them” reveals the three attitudes towards study. T19．A(n) essay is a piece of writing which is often written from an author's personal point of view. Essays can consist of a number of elements, including: literary criticism, political manifestos, learned arguments, observations of daily life, recollections, and reflections of the author. T20. “Nature is a setting that fits equally well a comic or a mourning piece.” is taken from A Farewell to Arms. F21. The title Pride and Prejudice refers (among other things) to the waysin which Elizabeth and Collins first view each other. F22. “My Heart’s in Highlands” is not written by Robert Frost. T23. Hemingway won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954. T24. “Mr. Darcy danced only once with Mrs. Hurst and once with Miss Bingley, declined being introduced to any other lady, and spent the rest of the evening in walking about the room, speaking occasionally to one of his own party. His character was decided. He was the proudest, most disagreeable man in the world, and everybody hoped that he would never come there again.” are taken from Pride and Prejudice T25. “But he thought, I keep them with precision. Only I have no luck any more. But who knows? Maybe today. Every day is a new day. It is better to be lucky. But I would rather be exact. Then when luck comes you are ready.” are taken from The Old Man and the Sea. T1.Define the term, essay.An essay is a piece of writing which is often written from an author's personal point of view. Essays can consist of a number of elements, including: literary criticism, political manifestos, learned arguments, observations of daily life, recollections, and reflections of the author. The definition of an essay is vague, overlapping with those of an article and a short story. Almost all modern essays are written in prose, but works in verse have been dubbed essays.2. Find out the three abuses of study in Of Study.To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humor of a scholar.3. Please enumerate three works of Robert Frost.“Mending Wall”“The Road Not Taken”“Stopping by Woods on a Snowing Evening”4．C omment on Hemingway’s writing features.He always tries his best to avoid using kinds of ways to depict things or piling big words and gorgeous adjectives. On the contrary, he always adopts direct description and short sentences which are precise, laconic,bright and vivid. His writing style only serves his particular characters and theme.His unique writing style, “Iceberg Principle”: there is seven -eighths of the iceberg which is beneath the surface of the water in which it floats. He believes that a good writer does not need to reveal every detail of a character or action; the one –eighth that is presented will suggest all other meanings of the story.。