完型与阅读专项讲义1
石家庄市中考英语完形与阅读理解讲座课件 (共33张PPT)
加强猜词技巧训练
第一段When I was in seventh grade, I was shy, quiet and so was easily bullied(受欺负). I used to get very sad about it. 第六段… He taught me some life lessons and said, “Get up, and don’t be a bully yourself, but remember you are stronger inside, and if the bullies see this, they will stop.” 25. The teacher told Peter he should _______. A. believe in himself B. work hard on his lessons C. have stronger body 练习册 P101 D. tell it to the teacher at once
复习笔记/单元总结—自测 作业—习题检测—听写过关 语言知识在语篇阅读中 加强巩固
第一轮复习阶段:“依纲靠本”,夯实基础。
1.清除词汇障碍，“温故而知新”。
a. 立足课本，清除语言知识障碍; b. 立足考试说明，清除语言知识障碍; c. 加强猜词技巧训练, 长难句理解训练; d.借助各种测试，加强薄弱知识点， 注意知识拓展，夯实语言基础。
初中最新完形填空和阅读理解知识点总结(word)
最新完形填空和阅读理解知识点总结（word）一、完形填空1．根据短文理解，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择正确答案。
It's natural that young people are often uncomfortable when they're with their parents. They say that their parents don't 1 them. They often think that their parents are out of touch with modern ways; that they're strict with their children; and they 2 give their children a free hand. It's true that parents often find it 3 to get on well with their children. In fact, they seem to forget 4 they themselves felt when they were young. For example, young people like to act on the spot （当场） without 5 thinking. It's one of their ways to show that they've 6 and they can face any difficulties. Old people worry more easily. Most of them plan things ahead, at least in the back of their minds, and don't like their 7 to be broken（打断） by something unexpected. Young people often 8 their parents angry at their choices in clothes, in hobbies and in music. But they don't mean to cause any trouble. They just don't want to be like anyone 9 . For many years, you will be completely under your parents' control. If you plan to 10 your life, you'd better win your parents and try to get them to understand you. 11 your parents see that you have a high sense of responsibility（责任感）, they will certainly believe you, and you can do 12 you want to do.1. A. lie B. understand C. look after D. love2. A. always B. seldom C. often D. usually3. A. easy B. possible C. interesting D. difficult4. A. how B. what C. who D. where5. A. a little B. many C. a bit D. much6. A. growing up B. grown up C. growing old D. grown old7. A. health B. plans C. children D. work8. A. cause B. make C. think D. keep9. A. important B. famous C. else D. others10. A. control B. save C. improve D. kill11. A. If B. As C. After D. While12. A. all B. which C. that D. what【答案】（1）B；（2）B；（3）D；（4）A；（5）D；（6）B；（7）B；（8）B；（9）C；（10）A；（11）A；（12）D；【解析】【分析】⑴句意：他们说他们的父母不理解他们。
初中完形填空和阅读理解专项复习(word)
完形填空和阅读理解专项复习（word）一、完形填空1．阅读下面短文，掌握大意, 然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Do you know anything about the invention of the bar code（条形码）?A small food store owner found it was 1 to keep records of the product information. In 1948, he asked the Drexel Institute of Technology to solve this 2 . Bernard Silver, a graduate student, was 3 . He and his friend Norman Joseph Woodland 4 to workon it. 5 , they invented their first working system.The system did work 6 , but it was very expensive and 7 the system didn't work well. If the invention was to become 8 in stores, the problems had to be solved. Finally, Woodland solved 9 .The patent （专利权） for the bar code system was 10 for by Silver and Woodland in 1949, but the patent was not given until 1952. 11 this patent was given, the system was still not popular 12 store owners.In 1970, a business named Logicon Inc. 13 the Universal Grocery Products Identification Code （通用杂货产品识别码）. Marsh Supermarket in Troy was the first store to14 this bar code reading system. It has become very popular ever since, and now it's15 in all types of stores all over the world.1. A. easy B. difficult C. interesting D. boring2. A. plan B. problem C. project D. doubt3. A. bored B. tired C. interested D. surprised4. A. started B. continued C. refused D. failed5. A. First B. Soon C. Recently D. Exactly6. A. at first B. for example C. on time D. in person7. A. often B. seldom C. sometimes D. never8. A. lively B. cheap C. direct D. popular9. A. it B. him C. her D. them10. A. asked B. offered C. made D. divided11. A. Unless B. Although C. If D. Since12. A. between B. among C. during D. in13. A. found B. mentioned C. invented D. remained14. A. give up B. put up C. set up D. clean up15. A. repaired B. tried C. learned D. used【答案】（1）B；（2）B；（3）C；（4）A；（5）B；（6）A；（7）C；（8）D；（9）D；（10）A；（11）B；（12）B；（13）C；（14）C；（15）D；【解析】【分析】本文介绍了条形码的发展历史。
初中完形填空和阅读理解知识点总结和题型总结经典
完形填空和阅读理解知识点总结和题型总结经典一、完形填空1．完形填空Can you imagine that we could build a beautiful city with rubbish? Maybe you will think it is 1 . However, it can be true! Nothing is a waste if we have a creative mind. Let me show you something about 2 rubbish.Sometimes we can see tons of rubbish in the streets, on the roads, near the buildings... here and there. Many large cities became so ugly 3 it. Nobody likes rubbish, but in fact, some rubbish can be used again. All of us want to solve the problem, we must do something to 4 rubbish. We should take action from now on. 5 , some good things will not be wasted.Do you often throw away things you don't need any more? Have you ever thought about how these things can actually be put to good use? For Example, when a car gets too old, it may not run any more. But we can use the metal of the car to make something else. When a bottle is empty, it 6 as waste. You don't know bottle glass can be made into sand and used to build streets. Rubbish 7 food can be changed into fertilizer to make plants grow better. It is cheap and safe. And other rubbish can also be used to make building blocks. Now, 8 machines are designed for that.9 , people will watch films in a beautiful cinema which is built out of rubbish. Besides buildings and roads, cities may be made from rubbish. But so far, building beautiful cities made from rubbish is only 10 .1. A. important B. understanding C. unbelievable D. possible2. A. returning B. reusing C. reflecting D. repeating3. A. because B. because of C. instead of D. as for4. A. make a living as B. make promises to C. make up our mind to D. make use of5. A. On the way B. By the way C. In this way D. Out of the way6. A. will be thrownB. will throw awayC. threw awayD. was thrown awayaway7. A. from B. in C. on D. to8. A. fewer and fewer B. less and less C. more and more D. more and less9. A. Some day B. The other day C. Nowadays D. In the day10. A. a symbol B. a letter C. a lesson D. a dream【答案】（1）C；（2）B；（3）B；（4）D；（5）C；（6）A；（7）A；（8）C；（9）A；（10）D；【解析】【分析】本文介绍了用垃圾建筑城市的梦想。
初中完形填空和阅读理解知识点梳理及经典练习(超详细)(word)
完形填空和阅读理解知识点梳理及经典练习(超详细)（word）一、完形填空1．阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
Jed and Matt were walking home from school. It was the first really cold day of winter. "The 1 on the river is hard!" Matt shouted. "Let's take a shortcut （捷径） across. "Jed made a face. "It started to freeze," said Jed. "I don't think it's 2 ." "You're afraid of everything," said Matt with a laugh. " 3 you want to walk all the way to the bridge, go ahead. I'm going to 4 here." Then he ran toward the river. Now Matt was near the middle of the river. "Are you still 5 , Jed?" he laughed. "Look how 6 the ice is." Matt jumped up and down a few times to 7 his point.Crack! Loud sound filled the air. Matt looked down. In all directions, the thin ice was 8 away from his feet. Another crack, and Matt was in the river! "Help!" Matt screamed. His wet clothes pulled him down.Jed felt the ice, 9 testing the area around him. Using the feet, he pushed 10 slowly toward the hole in the ice. Gripping （抓牢）the ice with his feet, Jed took hold of Matt's 11 .Little by little, he dragged （拖） Matt out of the water and then across the ice. After what seemed like hours, they reached the 12 .A police car came up to them. Officer Crane helped Matt into the car. After hearing the story, Crane said, "Well, Jed, it sounds like you are a 13 . Maybe I should call the newspaper. Someone from the paper can come and take your picture and write an article. ""Good idea," said Matt. He was feeling a lot 14 . "I have never had my picture in the paper.""I was talking about 15 picture," said Crane. "He is a hero."1. A. bridge B. snow C. boat D. ice2. A. exciting B. dangerous C. safe D. boring3. A. When B. If C. Because D. Before4. A. cross B. jump C. swim D. enter5. A. tired B. afraid C. amazed D. shocked6. A. big B. thin C. soft D. thick7. A. describe B. explain C. prove D. introduce8. A. breaking B. disappearing C. taking D. bringing9. A. happily B. directly C. regularly D. carefully10. A. him B. themselves C. himself D. them11. A. leg B. hand C. head D. foot12. A. land B. river C. boat D. home13. A. fool B. swimmer C. student D. hero14. A. weaker B. worse C. better D. angrier15. A. Matt's B. Jed's C. Crane's D. others'【答案】（1）D；（2）C；（3）B；（4）A；（5）B；（6）D；（7）C；（8）A；（9）D；（10）C；（11）B；（12）A；（13）D；（14）C；（15）B；【解析】【分析】记叙两为同学步行回家，其中一名同学想走捷径而落入河中的故事。
完型讲义
龙文教育学科教师辅导讲义课题中考完形填空解题技巧完形填空是一种综合性的阅读测验，目的是对学生进行语言知识水平和运用语言知识实际能力的考查。
其特点是篇幅小、起点高、容量大，具有较大的难度。
完形填空设空以实词为主、虚词为辅，单词为主、短语为辅。
动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词等实词通常要占全部小题数的80%以上。
而介词、连词、冠词等虚词则相对考得较少。
所以同学们必须要具备一定的快速阅读能力，在理解整篇文章故事情节、篇章结构的基础上，依据上下文提供的信息，运用所学的词汇、句型和有关语法，推断出正确合理的答案。
1. 通览全文，了解大意答题时，应先越过空档，通读全文，理顺题意，找出信息词。
这是做好完形填空题的关键。
因为完形填空的特点是着眼于整体理解。
我们如果把短文比作环环相扣的链条，那么由于空格的设置，"链条"从第二句起有些地方就脱节了。
有些同学习惯于提笔就填或边读边填，急于求成，然而，欲速则不达，结果往往由于"只见树木不见森林"而事倍功半。
因此我们应该依据首句给的启示，通过逻辑思维，借助短文中关键词所提供的信息，越过空档，尽快把全文读完，建立语言的整体感，帮助我们了解短文大意。
通过通览全文、领会大意，概略地了解文章的体裁、背景、内容、结构层次、情节、写作风格等等。
2. 综合考虑，先易后难通览全文后，认真观察选项，瞻前顾后，仔细推敲，逐项选定。
经过通读全文，对短文有了整体印象。
紧扣全文内容，联系上下文和语境，展开逻辑推理，注意从上下文中寻找线索，注意词汇的意义、搭配，惯用法，语法，常识等多个角度进行综合考虑。
分析这一空格处在句中的地位，前后的关系和它所起的作用，确定最佳答案。
当遇到难以判断的空档时，不妨先放一边，继续往下做。
因为有些答案是必须通过下文的理解后才能作出断定的。
有时，前后信息之间还有相互提示作用。
因此，当我们遇到难题时，不能久久停留于此，这样会浪费不必要的时间。
中考英语总复习∶完形填空和阅读理解(提高)知识讲解及答案
中考英语总复习∶完形填空和阅读理解(提高)知识讲解及答案一、完形填空1．阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各小题的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。
Velma, a US high school student, is busy with her studies every day. But after school, she puts down her books and goes off to 1 . She takes care of cats, helps teachers at school and cleans up the beach. Why? Because students in US public schools are 2 to do at least 20 hours of community service in order to graduate."This project is to give students a 3 of the real world, create a habit of volunteering and perhaps 4 a career." said Bob Parks, an official at school.5 volunteering takes time, Velma enjoys it. "I learn so much from it." she said She plansto keep volunteering even after she has finished her required hours of work. Velma is now on her way towards 250 hours to get a silver medal at graduation. She hopes the medal will help her 6 her dream university.But some have 7 about the project. Phil, a single parent of four, has to drive his children from one activity to another every weekend. "I have no time to work and rest," he said, "But I know some kids finish their 20—hour volunteering by just sleeping in their father's office !"Mike Roland, a volunteering manager, has heard those complaints. He said," We keep telling people,' Volunteer hours are 8 than for graduation; they are life lessons."Unlike Phil, some parents agree with the project and want their children to 9 more time volunteering. Michael, a junior, spends Saturdays at JFK Medical Centre guiding patients and bringing them newspapers and meals. He's at 258 hours. Michael's father said, "Twenty hours isn't 10 . Children should have more contact with the world."1. A. relax B. volunteer C. work2. A. invited B. requested C. required3. A. chance B. taste C. picture4. A. explore B. change C. invent5. A. But B. Although C. However6. A. realize B. accept C. enter7. A. doubts B. experience C. agreements8. A. rather B. more C. less9. A. spend B. take C. pay10. A. true B. short C. enough【答案】（1）B；（2）C；（3）B；（4）A；（5）B；（6）C；（7）A；（8）B；（9）A；（10）C；【解析】【分析】文章大意：美国高中生维尔玛每天都忙于学业。
2024年人教版中考英语复习完形加阅读强化训练1
中考完形阅读组合训练1一、完形填空I used to think I’ve found out how to communicate, but I discover I have much more to learn. I 1 this when I was taking a pottery (陶艺) class.At class, as the teacher asked us to turn the clay (黏土)into a 2 , I found my best friend Adam was still playing with his clay.“Hey, we are supposed to make a flower now,” I said. He said nothing. I 3 that he wouldn’t have enough time to finish his piece, so I made another flower“. Here you are,” I said“. You can use this i f you want to catch up.” “Do you always tell everyone 4 to do?” he shouted. My face turned red and was full of 5 .The next class, I noticed he was making a cool tiger. He saw me looking at him and said“, Are you 6 to tell me how to do t his too?” I didn’t know what to say. I was trying to be7 , not bossy (专横的), but Adam felt the opposite. I almost thought I’d cry. 8 , the class was almost over.Later, I knew what Adam experienced. No wonder he didn’t want me to tell him what to do! Everyone was telling him what to do. I 9 what I had done for him. We don’t always know what’s going on in other people’s10 . So give others enough space when getting along with them.( ) 1. A. forgot B. enjoyed C. explained D. realized( ) 2. A. cat B. tiger C. flower D. tree( ) 3. A. worried B. surprised C. imagined D. dreamed( ) 4. A. when B. what C. why D. that( ) 5. A. shame B. pity C. doubt D. worry( ) 6. A. promising B. agreeing C. planning D. stopping( ) 7. A. proud B. friendly C. humorous D. healthy( ) 8. A. Luckily B. Suddenly C. Recently D. Finally( ) 9. A. gave up B. thought about C. asked for D. talked back( ) 10. A. lives B. values C. tasks D. answers答案：DCABA CBABA二、阅读还原As we grow up, we learn that getting along well with others is an important part of life. Whether it’s with our family, friends, neighbors or classmates, we should be able to live in harmony (和谐) with others.1._______One of the most important things we can do to get along with others is to be kind and respectful. This means treating others the way we would like to be treated ourselves.Another important way of getting along with others is communication. 2._______And we should also be willing to listen to others when they speak. This means avoiding interrupting (打断) others, being patient and trying to understand their points of view.It’s also important to be open-minded and accept others. We should try to appreciate(欣赏) and accept our differences. And do not judge others for being different with others. This means being understandable of different cultures and lifestyles. And treat everyone with kindness and respect.Finally, we should always be willing to forgive (原谅) and forget. Nobody is perfect. 3.______ When someone does something that upsets us, we should try to put ourselves in their shoes and understand them. Holding an angry feeling in your mind will only lead to more troubles and unhappiness.4.__________ By being kind, respectful, communicative, open-minded, and forgiving, we can build strong and positive relationships with people around us. This will not only make us happier and more satisfied, but also help us to achieve our goals and dreams.A. We all make mistakes from time to time.B. It is a basic part of happy and successful life.C. Sometimes we can even do something different with others.D. In short, getting along with others is a necessary part of life.E. We need to express our thoughts and feelings clearly and politely.答案：BEAD三、语篇填空(2023 武威改编)Dear Li Ming,How a re you? My name is Mary. I’ve been looking forward to having 1 penpal for a long time now. I hope we can become great 2 (friend)!Ever 3 I got your name and address from my teacher, Mrs. Brown, I have been thinking about what to write. First, I thought of telling you what it’s like to go to school here in London. But then, I 4 (think) you could look up London on the Internet and read about it 5 (your).And then I had the idea 6 (tell)you about my family, but I realized that the story of my little brother losing a tooth 7 the time we got a new kitten might be kind of boring. After that, I thoughtabout asking you questions about what it’s like to live in Gansu, but I was afraid you might think my8 (question)were silly.I guess I can tell you a little about myself. In fact, you’ve probably already9 (learn) one thing about me. I sometimes have a hard time 10 (make)up my mind! I hope you will write me back anyway.Sincerely,Mary 答案：1.a；2.friends；3.since；4.thought；5.yourself；6.to tell；7.or；8.questions；9.learned；10.making中考完形阅读组合训练2一、完形填空(2023·锦州)When Juliet was a child, she often went to the city park and played with her friends. On a sunny morning, when Juliet came to the park with her mom, she looked around and felt very 1 .“What’s the matter, dear? What’s wrong 2 you? ”asked her mom.Juliet replied, “Mom, how beautiful and 3 it used to be! But now there’s so much trash on the ground. ”Juliet’s mom looked around. There were pieces of paper, boxes, glass bottles and a lot of other trash 4 .“What can we do?”asked Juliet sadly. “I’m sure you will think of something,” said her mom.As soon as Juliet and her mom went home, Juliet painted a picture of the park and wrote a sign in big 5 at the top of the picture. The sign read “PLEASE KEEP OUR PARK CLEAN”. Later, she 6 plenty of bags and went back to the park with her mom. Juliet put up her picture on a big trash can (垃圾桶).“Will you help me7 trash, Mom?” Juliet said as she handed her mom a bag. “I surely will,” replied her mom with a big smile.The children at the park ran over to 8 what was going on. Juliet handed them each a bag. “Let’s clean this place up,” said Juliet.Then they began to pick up the trash, talking and laughing. Soon all the bags were 9 .“We need to come back 10 day. There’s still some trash on the ground, but the park looks much better,” said Juliet. Her mom said “So it does. I’m proud of you. I knew you would think of a way to help.”( ) 1. A. interested B. excited C. unhappy D. relaxed( ) 2. A. to B. with C. on D. for( ) 3. A. noisy B. clean C. dirty D. happy( ) 4. A. everywhere B. anywhere C. somewhere D. nowhere( ) 5. A. letters B. boxes C. bags D. bottles( ) 6. A. left B. returned C. built D. took( ) 7. A. set up B. pick up C. put up D. take up( ) 8. A. think B. laugh C. see D. say( ) 9. A. full B. big C. empty D. broken( ) 10. A. the others B. other C. another D. others答案：CBBAA DBCAC二、阅读还原V olunteering is getting more and more popular. It offers much help to the people in need, and the advantages of volunteering can be great.V olunteering is good for your mind and body. 1._________ Studies have found that those who volunteer have a lower mortality rate (死亡率) than those who don’t. What’s more, doing volunteer work can reduce stress.V olunteering improves your social skills. While some people are naturally active, others may have a hard time meeting new people. V olunteering gives you the chance to practice and develop your social skills. You can often meet different people. 2._________V olunteering brings changes to your community. One of the well-known advantages of volunteering is its influence on the community. 3.________ Even helping with the smallest task can make a real difference to the lives of people. And the work you do also offers you a good living environment.4.__________ Many people volunteer in order to make time for their hobbies or other things that can make them happy.For example, some people who like children volunteer to help out at children’s camp, some pet lovers walk dogs for neighbors, and some people pick up rubbish while hiking. All these activities can make them happy.V olunteering helps with your future development. If you’re considering a new career(职业), volunteering can help you get experience. It gives you a chance to practice important skills, such as teamwork, communication and problem-solving.A. V olunteering brings fun to your life.B. V olunteering can reduce the risk of diseases (疾病).C. V olunteering connects you with your community.D. Someone may think volunteering is a waste of time.E. It will be easier for you to make more friends with common interests.答案：BECA三、语篇填空Every Wednesday evening, a group of runners in Chongqing get together and set off on their 5-to-8 kilometer run through the city’s public spaces. 1 this is not a general run. The runners 2 (carry) rubbish bags with them. They are a proud group of rubbish collectors who keep 3 (fit)while helping clean up their surroundings(周围环境).“Make running more than just running,” Sogor said, wearing a blue T-shirt 4 “We Run for Trash(垃圾)” on the back. She said that besides working out in a fun way，Trash Running is also 5 way to make new friends and rediscover hidden places. It is also good for the 6 (environment).Sogor said that in addition to the weekly runs, the group also organizes runs to mark special days. On Earth Day, for example, they helped clean up roads in the Gele mountains.There are now many runners from all walks of life—office workers, yoga teachers, restaurant owners. The oldest is in 7 (he) forties, and the youngest is just 5.From time to time, the runners draw attention and get a big thumbs (拇指)up. Sogor said, “What one person can do is small, so we run together to make a better and 8 (great) influence.” She said that Trash Running has groups in 16 9 (city), including Shanghai, Beijing, Chongqing, Changchun and Wuhan. Over 9,300 people 10 (join) in the activity, and about 4,000 of them are trash runners. They believe there will be more people in the future.答案：1.But;2.carry;3.fit;with;5.a;6.environment;7.his;8.greater;9.cities;10.have joined中考完形阅读组合训练3一、完形填空(2023·安徽)Dear Bruce,Thanks for your email—good to hear from you. I’m looking forward to the exchange(交流), too!Anyway, about the 1 and things, the school here isn’t very 2 about most things, but there are a few things you need to know.First of all— 3 . You can wear what you want, 4 you can’t wear jeans (牛仔裤)with holes in them. You should 5 comfortable things. And it’ll be cold when you’re here so you’d better bring some 6 clothes.The school’s pretty strict about phones—of course you can 7 them, but you have to 8 the phones and keep them in a place as you are required before class. You can’t just put them on silent, right? And you can bring 9 to sch ool but you must eat it outside during the break. If it’s raining, you can eat in the classroom.In short, it’s a good school and the teachers are kind. You really don’t have to worry about anything here. Hope my advice is 10 to you. Write again so on, OK? And tell me if there’s anything else you need to know.Yours,Sarah ( ) 1. A. interviews B. hobbies C. marks D. rules( ) 2. A. strict B. fair C. modern D. sure( ) 3. A. questions B. reports C. clothes D. subjects( ) 4. A. or B. so C. for D. but( ) 5. A. borrow B. wear C. receive D. sell( ) 6. A. clean B. dry C. warm D. new( ) 7. A. bring B. return C. compare D. repair( ) 8. A. hand out B. throw away C. turn off D. pick up( ) 9. A. money B. food C. paper D. water( ) 10. A. helpful B. similar C. secret D. free答案：DACDB CACBA二、阅读还原(2023·自贡)If you’re an outdoor-loving kid, you should follow some nature manners:No litteringJuice is nice when you get tired on a beach. 1._______. They are bad for the environment. Take a small bag with you on your next trip. Put all of your litter in it.Say no to graffiti(涂鸦)As art, graffiti looks nice. But graffiti is not a good way to have fun in nature. 2.________. Nature is forall of us to enjoy. Don’t do anything to destroy it.Just look with your eyes3._______. But nature out there is their home. So do not touch them. And don’t give food to them. It may not be good for them.4.________Camping is a good way to have fun in nature. Many make a fire when they camp. If you’re in a forest, don’t make a fire. Fires can destroy forests.Be a nice personYou’re not the only one in nature, so please be nice to other visitors. If you listen to music, useearph ones. If your pet is also there, don’t let him trouble others.A. No fire in forestsB. We should protect othersC. So do not draw on trees or rocksD. But juice boxes do not look nice thereE. It is nice to see animal friends in nature答案：DCEA三、语篇填空Many families find it useful to write down some 1 (rule) about what family members are expected to do. Every family member should know what is or isn’t allowed. The rules can be stuck (粘贴) on the fridge. In that way, young children can have 2 chance to read them.Rules are also helpful to teenagers. Instead 3 sticking the rules on the fridge, it’s a good idea to keep them somewhere a little 4 (much) private. For example, teenagers can stick the rules on the walls of their bedrooms.Here is what you can do for the rules:When to start making rules You can manage 5 (make) simple rules as soon as your child is able to understand them. Young children need parents’ support to follow the rules. You can give your child a hug if he or she 6 (do)well.Teenagers and rulesRules about safety are 7 (help)to teenagers. Many people think teenagers should not 8 (allow)to stay out late. Besides, 9 a driver’s license, teenagers should not drive a car. Rules abouthealth are also very necessary. Teenagers shouldn’t10 (smoke). It’s bad for their health.答案：1.rules;2.a;3.of;4.more;5.to make;6.does;7.helpful;8.be allowed;9.without;10.smoke。
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完型与阅读专项讲义（一）一.完型填空 1(一)技巧讲解完形填空题是英语知识运用的一种综合测试方式。
通过研究历年高考题发现，考生要准确补全短文中的空白，使其意义连贯完整，就必须达到四种类型的语篇衔接，即语义衔接、逻辑衔接、结构衔接和惯用衔接。
要实现这四种衔接，考生可联系语境和结合上下文的逻辑关系，或依据一些信息词来完成。
以下笔者拟从词汇、语法、语篇三个层面来分析这四种衔接的特点、反映在试题上的考点及其做题技巧。
1.词汇题(所占比重最大，达50%-65%)考查从词汇入手是完形填空题的命题的一大特点，主要考查实词，如动词，名词，形容词、副词等。
名词的重点主要在于同义词的词义辨析或用法方面。
形容词的重点在于形容词作定语、表语，形容词的比较级和最高级等方面。
动词的重点是动词短语辨析、习惯搭配等方面。
副词的考查内容包括各类副词(如表示时间，地点方式等的副词、及连接副词和疑问副词)。
这一类词汇题的考查大致可分为三种类型：①②③（1）考查词语辨析：主要是辨别同义词、近义词。
考生做题时应该注意辨别同义词、近义词或形近词，对于形近词，考生只需辨别意思即可，而对于同义词或近义词，则一定要根据句子相关部分的意思，在含义和用法等多方面加以考虑。
如：① one morning, the boy came to robert with a beautiful map of an island. robert 44that the boy had drawn a large cross in the middle of 45.（2009全国卷i）44．a．doubted b．noticed c．decided d．recognized45．a．the sea b．the house c．scotland d．the island44空就是考查四个动词词义辨析，doubted怀疑；noticed注意到；decided决定； recognized 认出，根据句义“罗伯特注意到所画小岛中央有个大十字架”故选b；② robert suddenly 47something of an adventure story in the boy’s48.47．a．saw b．drew c．made d．learned48．a．book b．reply c．picture d．mind（2009全国卷i）47空也是考查四个动词词义辨析，saw看见，看出；drew画出；made制造；learned学会，得知。
根据句义“罗伯特马上从男孩的画中看出历险故事（的素材）”故选a；③ they set in __51for a few minutes until peter had a bright idea. （2009江西卷）51. a. enjoyment b. satisfaction c. disappointment d. imagination51空考查四个名词词义辨析，enjoyment欣喜；satisfaction满意；disappointment失望；imagination 欣喜。
根据句义：迷路了一时也想不出办法所以就失望地“in disappointment”坐在那儿。
故选c；（2）根据句意，结合上下文内容做出判断，选择词语。
有时候单从单个句子看．四个选项都符合语法要求，似乎不止只有一个答案。
只有结合上下文才能做出正确选择。
① stevenson, a scotsman, had lived37for many years in 1881 he returned to scotland fora38 .with him were his american wife fanny and his son39.（2009全国卷i）37．a．alone b．next door c．at home d．abroad38．a．meeting b．story c．holiday d．job39．a．lloyd b．robert c．henley d．john从单个句子看,37，38，39均无法确定答案。
37空从in 1881 he returned to scotland for …可知应选d；38空从前后两句可知是回来度假，故选c；39空从单个句子看，作家罗伯特的儿子可以是任何一个名字，但从上下文的“lloyd felt the days 42. to keep the boy happy robert asked the boy to do some 43.”可知他儿子叫lloyd。
故选a；② when they 48neilson’s car, the attacker had jumped into the driver’s seat andwas49searching for the keys. bruce opened the door, （2008湖北卷）48. a. started b. stopped c. entered d. reached根据前句two reporters of the local newspaper, robert bruce and jeff jackson, just outside their office building on a47, heard the screams and began running .前文说他们开始跑向出事地点，那么这里就是“赶到”了。
故选d；③“ you can work alone with a partner.”……my friend, cassie, and i smiled at each other. we always worked on projects 36.the 37of the challenge was simple— to build a projective container to keep an egg from breaking when 38the stadium wall. (2008湖南卷)36. a. patiently b. silently c. together d. alone37. a. function b. goal c. reason d. result38. a. rolled down b. pushed against c. thrown at d. dropped over36空从“ you can work alone with a partner.”可知应选c. together38空从下文we kids carried our containers up three stadium steps and dropped them over the side wall.可知选d。
（3）考查固定搭配和习惯用语题：固定搭配主要以动词、形容词与副词、介词构成的词组或短语，这些词组出现在完形填空中，主要以介词和副词为考点。
这类题需要靠平时多读多背来加强语感，多记一些常见词汇的惯用搭配等。
考生应根据语感在句中寻找线索，做出选样。
选项如果是动词，就要注意其前后名词的搭配(主谓、动宾搭配等)；选项如果是名词，则要以它前后的名词为选择的依据并注意它是否与前后的动词或介词形成搭配；选项选项如果是形容词时，可以观察其前后出现的名词、动词、副词、介词为依据来确定答案；选项如果是副词时，就应根据其前后出现的动词、形容词、副词为判断依据。
① robert had a good friend named henley, who walked around with the 50of a wooden leg.（2009全国卷i）50．a．help b．problem c．use d．bottom固定搭配with the help of “在…帮助下; 借助于”故选a。
② i’ve also discovered that if i (37 believe in) what i’m doing and work hard at achieving my 38. i will succeed.（2009全国卷ii）38. a. business b. goal c. fortune d. growthreach one’s goal 系固定搭配“达到目的或目标”；故选b。
③ i want to thank you for teaching me a very36lesson in life by the great exampleyou37. (2009.安徽卷)37. a. followed b. gave c. set d. took本题考查动词和名词搭配。
考词组.set an example to/for sb.“为…树立榜样”答案选c。
2．语法结构题(占15%左右)对语法结构的考查主要集中在定语从句(连接词，限定与非限定定语从句的区别，定语从句与其他主从复合句的区别)，状语从句，非谓语动词(动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词、动名词)，时态, 语态以及一些特殊句型，如并列句、省略句、倒装句等以及一些词类之间的搭配知识，如名词需要形容词、名词、冠词、非谓语动词、词组及定语从句修饰；动词需要副词词组修饰；及物动词后应加宾语等。
此类题除了要求考生具有系统准确的语法知识之外，还要注意上下之的逻辑关系和语篇内容, 这样才能确保答题的准确率。
① so far i haven’t seen anyone 32to wave back. (2009.天津卷)32. a. fail b. try c. wish d. bother本题考查动词及双重否定，作者没见到任何不向这个交警回以挥手的人。
前已有否定词，只有a选项表否定，fail to do sth.“未能做某事”。
② with his arms53tight behind him, the prisoner looked up and said. （2008湖北卷）53. a. rolled b. folded c. bent d. tied本题既考查动词词词义辨析又考查语法—过去分词作状语。
答案选d。
③tears filled my eyes__53__i looked at the proud dirty race that i had rarely given__54_to.53. a. as b. until c. because d. though54. a. advice b. support c. attention d. command53题考查连词的用法，as 在这儿引导时间状语从句。