2018-2019学年上海市浦东新区南汇中学高二上英语期末试卷解析

2018-2019学年上海市浦东新区南汇中学高二上英语期末试卷解析

II. Grammar and Vocabulary 20%

Section A 10%

Directions:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,Fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word:for the other https://www.360docs.net/doc/2618614522.html,e one word that best fits each blank.

Receiving gifts is certainly something everyone enjoys. But do you know that many people enjoy giving gits even more than (18)________ (receive )them? You may have heard people say from time to time, "It's better to give than to receive(19)________. this be true? Unwrapping the gift you (20)________ (want) for months and months is so exciting.How could anything get better than that?

Maybe you already know what we're talking about.Have you ever worked really hard on (21)________priceless work of art for a loved one? When you were finished with it. you were probably very excited to give to them.

Waiting until their birthday or a special occasion can sometimes seem like t orture (折磨) when you just can't wait (22)________ (give) someone a special homemade gift right from your heart Do you remember the very feeling of expectation (23)________you get as they're opening their present?

(24)________________________you've ever felt like that, then you know it's true: it rally is better to give than to receive There's just a simple joy from giving freely of your time and talents to loved ones.

This old saying has ancient roots in many religions. The Bible. the Torah, and the Quran all encourage helping others. Today, scientists are also looking for biological evidence (25) ________. it's better to give than to receive For example, some scientists believe that giving to or helping others helps to relieve stress in the body and is (26)________(beneficial) to your heath.

From your own personal experience, you probably know how good it feels to do a good deed for (27)________ Helping others allows you to capture that great feeling by putting others first. You might capture that feeling by volunteering your services for a worthy cause.

【答案】18.receiving 19.Could/Can 20.have been wanting 21.a 22.to give 23.that

24.As/So long as 25.that/why 26.more beautiful 27.someone/others

【解析】

18.考察非谓语动词。词组enjoy doing sth more than doing sth，喜欢做某事更胜于做某事，故填receiving。

19.考察情态动词。句意：这句话会是正确的吗？情态动词can/could表示“能；会”，故填Could/Can。

20.考察现在完成进行时。句意：打开你好几个月都一直想要的礼物是非常兴奋的。句中want动作从过

去持续到现在，现在一直在做的动作，用现在完成进行时，故填have been wanting。

21.考察冠词。句意：你有没有曾经非常努力为了你心爱的人完成一件无价的艺术品？故填a。

22.考察不定式。词组can’t wait to do sth，迫不及待做某事，故填to give。

23.考察定语从句的关系词。句意：你还记得当他们正在打开礼物的时候，你获得的那种期待的感觉吗？

该句是一个定语从句，先行词是feeling of expectation，其前有the very修饰，关系词只能用that，在句中作get的宾语，故填that。

24.考察连词。句意：只要你曾经有像那样的感觉，那么你就知道它是正确的：确实是付出比收获要更

好。故填As/So long as。

25.考察同位语从句的连接词。句意：现在，科学家也正在寻找生物证据，证明付出比收获更好。从句

前含有抽象名词evidence，从句是对evidence进行解释说明，所以该句是同位语从句。从句中不缺少成分（或缺少原因状语），故填that/why。

26.考察形容词的比较级。句意：例如，一些科学家相信给予或者帮助他人有助于减轻身体压力，对于

你的健康也更加有益。故填more beneficial。

27.考察不定代词。句意：从你自己的个人经历来说，你很有可能知道为了某个人（或其他人）做一件

好事感觉有多么的好。故填someone/others。

Section B9%

Directions:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note t hat there is one word more than you need..

The Forbes list, now in its eighth year, identified 74 people--one for every 100 million on the planet-- whose action have the most impact across the world. Factors taken into(28)________ include the amount of people a person his power over, the financial resources they control, whether they have influence in more than one sphere, and(29)________they exert their power to change the world.

This year 28 members of the list serve as chief executives of major companies. The top ten of those CEO all of whom are American-- run firms with a(30)________ market capitalization(市值)or ＄3tn. Forbes reports.

Vladimir Putin has beaten Donald Trump to(31)________Forbes magazine's annual list of the world's most powerful people, taking the number one spot for the third consecutive (连续的) year. Trump's(32)________ to second from number 69 last year is the biggest ever on the list. Angela Merkel, the German Chancellor,(33)________ the

most powerful woman, at number 3. The British Prime Minister, Theresa May, is a new addition to the list at number 13, replacing her predecessor David Cameron, who was ranked at number 8 last year. Barack Obama drops to 48.

"Forbes 's list this year of the world's most powerful people(34)________rapid and profound(意义深远的)change happening around the globe," said David Ewalt, Forbes contributing editor.“The biggest trend this year is(35)________ the rise to power of Donald Trump, as well as the increasing power of his supporters and allies (盟友).”

Trump, who last week was(36)________ TIME's Person of the Year, has continued to cause(37)________ over his relationship with the Russian leader, in part by dismissing CIA reports of Russian intervention in the US presidential election.

【答案】28-32GADKE 33-37 HJBCF

【解析】

28.首先判断该空为名词，句意“需要考虑的因素包括：一个人拥有的权力大小，他们掌控的经济资

源……”，词组take sth into account, 把……考虑进来，故选G。

29.首先判断该空为副词，句意“他们有多么积极地在行使他们的权力来改变世界。”，故选A。

30.首先判断该空为形容词，句意“福布斯报道，那些位于前十的CEO的公司都是美营公司，混合市场

资本达到3万亿美元。”，故选D。

31.首先判断该空为动词，句意“普京已经击败特朗普，位居福布斯杂志年度世界最有影响力人物之首。”，

top作动词表示“位居……之首”，故选K。

32.首先判断该空为名词，句意“特朗普从去年的69名上升到第2名是名单上有史以来最显著的。”，

rise作名词表示“上升”，故选E。

33.首先判断该空为动词，句意“Angela Merkel，德国总理，仍然是最有影响力的女士，位居第三。”，

故选H。

34.首先判断该空为动词，句意“今年福布斯世界最有影响力人物名单反映了在全球范围内正在发生的

快速、意义深远的改变。”，故选J。

35.首先判断该空为副词，句意“今年最大的趋势很有可能是特朗普权力上升，随之而来的是他的支持

者和盟友日益上升的权力。”，故选B。

36.首先判断该空为动词，句意“特朗普，上周被命名为时代周刊年度人物。”，故选C。

37.首先判断该空为名词，句意“特朗普，上周被命名为时代周刊年度人物，已经持续造成他与俄罗斯

领导关系的担忧。”，故选F。

III. Reading Comprehension 30%

Section A 10%

Directions:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill

in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Job stress has been known to cause heart problems in people who already have cardiovascular (心血管)disease. Now Finnish scientists have shown that (38)________ in healthy people the pressure of work can cause damage.

High blood pressure, lack of(39)________ , smoking and being overweight contribute to heart disease --a leading killer in many industrialized countries.

But Mika Kivimaki, of the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, and his colleagues, who studied the(40)________ histories of 812 healthy Finnish men and women in a metal industry company over 25 years, said job stress also plays an important role.

Workers who had the highest job-related stress levels at the start of the study were more than twice as(41)________ to die of heart disease,(42)________ the study published in The British Medical Journal.

Work stress involves too much work as well as a lack of satisfaction and feeling undervalued and(43)________.

Many people work long hours but if the effort is(44)________the stress is minimized. Kivimaki said job pressure is damaging when being overworked is(45)________ with little or no control, unfair supervision and few career opportunities.

The British Heart Foundation said the results(46)________ earlier research showing that people in jobs with low control, such as manual workers, could be at greater risk of heart disease than other employees.

"It is(47)________ for people to try to minimize levels of stress at work and for employers to allow people to have more control at work and to be rewarded for their success," the foundation said in a statement.

38. A. though B. seldom C. even D. thereby

39. A. exercise B. patience C. enthusiasm D. interest

40. A. personal B. professional C. medical D. family

41. A. much B. likely C. equal D. stable

42. A. due to B. owing to C. according to D. contrary to

43. A. isolated B. unappreciated C. separated D. stimulated

44. A. rewarding B. improved C. increasing D. neglected

45. A. sponsored B. responded C. threatened D. combined

46. A. indicate B. simplify C. support D. overflow

47. A. advisable B. predictable C. profitable D. comfortable

【答案】38-42 CACBC 43-47 BADCA

【解析】

38.句意“工作压力已经为人所知可以对已经有心血管疾病的人们造成心脏问题。现在芬兰科学家已经

指出，工作压力甚至会给健康的人们造成损害。”，前后句是递进关系，故选C。

39.句意“高血压，缺少锻炼，吸烟，超重导致了心脏疾病。”，故选A。

40.句意“但是Mika Kivimaki，芬兰职业健康机构人员，和他的同事研究了812个健康的芬兰男士和女

士的医疗历史，他们说工作压力也起到重要作用。”，故选C。

41.句意“研究一开始就有着最高工作相关压力水平的工作人员有超过两倍的可能性会死于心脏疾

病。”，故选B。

42.句意“研究一开始就有着最高工作相关压力水平的工作人员有超过两倍的可能性会死于心脏疾病，

根据英国医学期刊出版的学术文章。”，故选C。

43.句意“工作压力涉及工作量大，缺少满足感，感觉价值降低和不被欣赏。”，unappreciated在此作

为“不被欣赏”，故选B。

44.句意“很多人长时间工作，但是如果努力是值得的，压力就会被最小化。”，rewarding“值得的”，故

选A。

45.句意“Kivimaki说，当过度工作和缺少克制或无克制、不公正监视和极少职业机会相结合的时候，

工作压力会日益严重。”，故选D。

46.句意“英国心脏基金会说，这些结果印证了早期的调查，表明工作中缺少控制的人，比如体力工作

者，会比其他雇员有更大的心脏疾病风险。”，support“支持；印证”，故选C。

47.句意“基金会在一次声明中说到，人们尽力将工作的压力水平最小化，雇主允许人们在工作中有更

多的克制，对于他们的成功给予奖励，这样的做法是明智的。”，advisable“明智的”，故选A。Section B 16%

Directions:Read the following passage The passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statement,For each of them there are four choices marked A. B. C and D Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(A)

In the depths of my memory, many things I did with my father still live These things come to represent, in fact, what I call joy and Jove.

I don't remember my father ever getting into a swimming pool But he did love the water. Any kind of boat ride seemed to give him pleasure. And he loved to fish; sometimes he took me along.

But I never rally liked being on the water the way my father did. I liked being in the water, moving through it, having it all around me. I was not a strong swimmer. or one who learned to swim early ,for I had my fears. But I loved being in the swimming pool close to my father's office and spending those summer days with my father, who would come by on a break I needed him to see what I could do. My father would stand there in his suit, the only person not in swimsuit

After swimming I would go inside his office and sit on the wooden chair in front of his big desk. where he let me play with anything I found in his top desk drawer Sometimes, if I was let atone a his desk while he worked in the lab an assistant or a student might come in and tell me perhaps I shouldn't be playing with his office things. But my father always showed up and said easily “Oh, no. it's fine" Sometimes he handed me coins and told me to get myself an ice cream.

A poet once said "We look at life once in childhood,the rest is memory And think it is not only what we"look at once, in childhood” that decides our memories, but who. in that childhood ,looks at us;

48 What was probably the author's father?

A.A poet.

B.A professor.

C. A fisherman.

D. An ice-cream man.

49. The author loved being in the swimming pol close to her father’s office mainly because________.

A. she was interested in her father's office things.

B. she wanted her father to buy her some ice-cream.

C. she loved showing her progress in swimming to her father.

D. she wanted others T0 know how much her father loved her.

50. Which of the following sentence is not me according to the passage?

A.The author loved her father deeply.

B. The author's father was quite fond of fishing.

C. The author didn't start to swim very young.

D. The author's father was very strict with her.

51. Which of he flowing is probably the best title of the passage?

A. Swimming, my favorite sport

B. Father source of joy and love

C. Memories of past days

D. Interesting summer activities

【答案】48-51 BCDB

【解析】

48.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Sometimes, if I was left alone at his desk while he worked in the lab, an

assistant or a student might come in and tell me perhaps I shouldn’t be playing with his office things.”可知作者的父亲是和他的助理、学生打交道，推测出他的父亲是一名教授，故选B。

49.细节理解题。根据第三段“I needed him to see what I could do.”可知作者想要父亲看到自己在游泳

方面取得的进步，故选C。

50.推理判断题。根据第四段“But my father always showed up and said easily, ‘Oh, no, it’s fine.’”可知父

亲对作者并不那么严格，故选D。

51.主旨大意题。全文主要讲述的是作者和父亲充满快乐和爱的回忆，故选B。

(B)

Guess what? Your dog can get jealous(妒嫉的) when you pay attention to other dogs ,other people or even other things.

Dogs have complex emotions such as jealousy and pride. according to a scientific research that sheds new light on their relationships with humans.

Animal psychologists previously believed most animals lacked "sense of self, which is needed to experience secondary emotions such as jealousy,embarrassment or guilt,these emotions are reactions such as anger or joy.

Professor Fiederike Range, from the University of Vienna, has shown that dogs act jealous when they feel unfair treated compared to other dogs. "Dog show a strong reaction to inequity” she said “If one dog get something, you'd better believe another will demand something as well."

But, her study points out, it doesn't matter if one gets a better treat, only that the distribution (分配) is fair.

The dog study is the latest into several species, including cows, horses, cats and sheep, which have shown that animals are far more self-aware than they were thought.

Paul Morris, a psychologist at the University of Portsmouth who studies animal emotions, told The Sunday Times: "We are learning that dogs, horses, and perhaps many other species are far more emotionally complex than we ever realized. They can suffer simple forms of many emotions we once thought only primates (灵长类) could experience."

In research among dog owners, Morris found almost all of them reported jealous behavior by their pets. The dog often tried to get their owner away from a new lover in the early days of a relationship. Behavior experts recommend owners keeping their dog's routine as much as possible when a new partner or child comes along. This helps to prevent jealous activity from the dog such as interruptions with barking or whining (哀嚎).

52. The word“emotion”in paragraph 2 means?

A. Motion

B. action

C. feeling

D. treating

53. According to the passage, which animals have complex emotions?

A. Dogs

B. Cows

C. Cats

D. Most animals

54. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. Most animals lack“sense of self”.

B. Dogs show a strong reaction to unfair distribution.

C. Cows, horses, cats and sheep have no self-awareness.

D. Only primates could experience complex emotions.

55. What can you do to prevent dogs' jealous activity?

A. Pay more attention to them when a new partner or child comes along.

B. Pay no attention to them and give another dog a bone.

C. Don't interrupt them when they re barking or whining-

D. Get along with your new lover in the early days of a relationship.

【答案】52-55 CDBA

【解析】

52.猜测词义题。根据such as jealousy and pride（例如嫉妒和骄傲），可知emotion的词义是“情绪；感

觉”，故选C。

53.细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“We are learning that dogs, horses, and perhaps many other species are

far more emotionally complex than we ever realized.”，可知大多数动物都有复杂的情绪，故选D。

54.细节理解题。根据第四段“Dogs show a strong reaction to inequity”，可知选B。

55.细节理解题。根据最后一段“Behavior experts recommend owners keeping their dog’s routine as much

as possible when a new partner or child comes along.”，可知选A

Section C 4%

Directions:Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.

The sign on the wall

At the top of a hill call Mount Lee in Los Angles on the west coast of the USA is a very famous sign, recognizable to people around the world. My job is to look after this sign.(56)________The first film was made there in 1907 and by 1912, at least 15 independent studios could be found making films around town.

In the 1940s, TV started to become Popular and some Hollywood film studios closed, but then TV companies moved in and took them over. Modern Hollywood was born. (57)________ If one of them ever fell down I would have to put it back up at exactly the same angle .They follow the shape of Mount Lee and this is part of their fame.

I am responsible for maintaining and protecting the sign.We used to have real problems.(58)________ We put up a fence around the sign to .stop people messing with it But people jus jumped over the fence. The back of the sign was black with graffiti(涂鸦) there was wire across it, but they still got trough, So I decided to improve the effectiveness of the security.

Now we have motion-detectors and cameras. Everything goes via the Internet to a dedicated surveillance(监控）team, watching various structures around the city. Even so, people still try to climb over the barrier ,mostly innocent tourists surprised that you can't walk right up to the sign. But they can get a closer look on one of my regular tours.

(59)________They want to light the sign, paint it pink, or cover it in something to promote their product. You'll get a really enthusiastic marketing executive call up, terribly excited because they think they're the first person to think of this or that idea. They mostly get turned down. That's because we don't like to change the image and we hope it will have the same significance for generations to come.

【答案】56-59 DAEC

【解析】

56.前一句说到我的工作是照看这个标志，后一句说到第一部电影就在那里制作，所以该句要提到这个

标志是什么，它和电影有什么联系，故选D。

57.下一句提到如果他们中的一个掉下来，那么我不得不把它放回到和原来一样角度的位置，说明标志

中的字母并不是直的，容易倒下来，故选A。

58.下一句提到我们在标志的周围搭起一个栅栏，阻止人们弄乱标志，说明之前的安全措施非常的低级，

故选E。

59.根据下文“They want to light the sign, paint it pink, or cover it in something to promote their product.”可

知他们的想法非常的荒诞，故选C。

IV. Summary Writing 8%

Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

Every time there is a mass shooting, the debate surrounding guns tends to arise in America. The abuse of guns has been a serious problem in the US all along, but why doesn't the US government just dismiss owning guns privately?

To begin with, the right to own a gun and defend oneself is central to American society. As early as the 1600s,when the first Europeans set foot on the continent of North America, they had to face a lot of dangers. They could only rely on themselves. Therefore, guns played a significant role in self-defense. Guns were also important in America's Independent War and the Civil War.

Secondly. the American founding fathers believed that gun ownership was necessary for a truly free country. If the government distrusts the people and disarms them, then that government no longer represents the people. The Second Amendment to the us Constitution specifies that the American people cannot be deprived of the“right to keep and bear arms.”So the sale and purchase of firearms are legal in the United States according to law.

The importance of guns also comes from the role of hunting in American culture. In the nation's early years,hunting was essential for food and shelter. Today, guns are a vital part of hunting, which remains very popular as both a sport and a way of life in many parts of the county. People spend time with friends, sharing the pleasure that the sport brings.

【答案】Despite the problem of gun abuse in the US, the government doesn’t ban guns for the following reasons. Firstly, guns serve as a means of self-defense. Besides, the possession of a gun is a symbol of freedom. Finally, guns are important because hunting is still popular in people’s life as a sport in the US. (56 words)

【解析】容易出现的问题是①未能抓住文章的文体；②缺乏逻辑，文章整体思路混乱。

V. Translation 10%-3+3+4

Directions :Translate the following sentences into English using the word given in the brackets

61通过努力，他成为世界冠军的梦想实现了。(dream)

62.尽管困难重重，这家公司还是端尽全力满足了顾客的需求。(despite)

63.他因为缺少经验而犯了大错误，这使得他创业的首次尝试失败了。(which)

【答案】

61.Through efforts, his dream of becoming a world champion came true/has come true/was realized/has been

realized.

62.Despite the difficulties, the company still tried its best to meet the needs of the customers.

63.He made/committed a serious/big mistake for lack of experience, which made his first attempt to start/set

up/establish his (own) business fail.

【解析】

61.通过努力：through efforts。成为……的梦想：the dream of becoming ...。实现了：came true/has

come true/was realized/has been realized皆可。

62.尽管困难重重：Despite the difficulties。尽力做某事：try one’s best to do sth。满足……的需求：

meet the needs of ...。

63.犯了大错误：make/commit a serious/big mistake。因为缺少经验：for lack of experience。首次……的

尝试：first attempt to do sth。创业：start/set up/establish his (own) business。这使得……：用which引导的非限制性定语从句。

VI. Guided Writing(15%)

Direction:Write an English composition in 120-150 word according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

你的学校拟在下学期为高三学生开设心理辅导课(psychology counseling course)你认为是否有有必委给高三学生开设这样的课程，并陈述由。

【参考范文】

It is announced that our school is planning to offer a psychology counseling course to the senior three students. And I'm quite in favor of this proposal, as the course will bring great benefit to the students.

To begin with, the course will get students to be aware that they might be suffering from psychological problems. Standing at a turning point of their life, senior three students are no doubt under great pressure and some are even affected with depression without being noticed. If they have access to such a course, thy themselves will tell if they are harassed by psychological problems.

Besides, the course will give senior three students some hints on how to deal with psychological problems. While some students will turn to teachers or parents for advice, a lot more students prefer to keep these problems to themselves. In this case, the course will be of great help by providing them with expert consultation.

In brief, with the course to help the senior three students face and settle psychological problems, I do believe the students will relieve pressure and perform well in the future college entrance examinations.