2018年广州市高考语文“一模”作文题解析
2018广州一模试题和答案含书面表达范文

秘密★启用前试卷类型: A2018年广州市普通高中业班综合测试(一)英语2018.3 本试卷10页,满分120分,考试用时120分钟。
注意事项:1.本试卷分第I卷(选择题)和和第卷(非选择题)两部分。
答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上。
用2B铅笔将试卷类型(A)填涂在答题卡相应位置上。
用2B铅笔在“考生号”处填涂考生号信息点,修改时须用橡皮擦干净。
因笔试不考听力,第I卷从第二部分的“阅读理解”开始,试题题序号从“21”开始。
2.作答第I卷时,选出每小题答案后,用2B铅笔在答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;如需要改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案。
答案不能答在试卷上。
3.第卷必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答,答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液不按以上要求作答无效。
4.考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。
考试结束后,将试卷和答题卡一并并交回。
第I卷第二部分阆读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
AIt’s no secret that your personal characteristics directly a ffect how you interact with the world-but you might be surprised at just how deep it goes. Experts think that your personality can even affect how you exercise and influence what sports are suitable for you.Highly SensitiveHighly sensitive people may be more uncomfortable with group exercise classes or team sports where they feel their every move is being observed. Additionally, they may feel more upset over an ineffective or poor workout, says researcher Elaine Aron.For such people, individual or non- competitive activities like biking, running and hiking are ideal.Type A PersonalityType A individuals often have an “all or nothing approach”to exercise. This personality type is known for sticking closely to their plan, not to mention being super competitive. However, this can cause them to stick too closely to a fitness routine, which means they might try to push past an injury.To get better exercise results, Type A people need to be aware that following an exercise plan too strictly may limit their progress. They should be more flexible and listen to their body, especially when they are in pain.Type B PersonalityThis laid-back group may get too lazy about their exercise plan, which prevents them from seeing results. They are often less willing to devote enough time and energy to their fitness goals, especially if exercise is something that makes them anxiousType B individuals succeed in creative and co-operative environments, so team sports and group gym classes may be perfect.Remember, there are plenty of ways you can adapt a fitness plan to suit your needs, regardless of your characteristics. Just keep in mind what you like.21. Why might highly sensitive people be unwilling to take part in group sports?A. They will feel like they are being evaluated.B. They don't like socialising with other people.C. They don't consider themselves to be athletic.D. They fear they'll be let down by their teammates.22. Type A personalities can be best described asA. committed B flexible C independent D. sensitive23. What is the purpose of the text?A. To help people understand what personality type they areB. To explain how personal characteristics affect exercise habitsC. To identify the dangers of doing the wrong type of exerciseD. To describe different types of workouts that are available todayBAt first sight, Alma Deutscher, a twelve-year-old girl from England appears to be like any other typical pre-teen. She loves to skip rope, read and play with her younger sister. But this modest youngster, who composed her first musical work at age six, first short opera at age seven, and first full-length opera based on Cinderella at age ten, is anything but average. Though her parents downplay her extraordinary talent, young Alma is being described as “little Mozart” by the music worldAlma’s operatic take on the classic fairy tale, which she began writing at age eight, has a slight twist. Her Cinderella is a musician who meets her Prince Charming through a song. “In my Cinderella, she sings the beginning of a ballad --- but at midnight she flees. Eventually, the prince finds her after asking all the maidens of the land to sing the end of the bal lad.”The opera was first performed in Vienna, Australia on December 29, 2016, where the then eleven-year-old skillfully switched between the piano and the violin and receives enthusiastic reviews. The young genius has since performed two new piano works, once in Australia and the other in China.While this may appear to be a lot for someone so young, Alma is not worried. She says, “Of course I have to work hard. But all children have to work hard for exams, and at least when I work hard, I work hard for something incredibly exciting, like seeing my whole opera put on stage.Alma’s musical talent first came to light before she could even talk. Her parents recall that as an 18-month-old toddler, she was able to hum a pitch perfect version of the children’s rh yme Twinkle Twinkle Little Star.However, Alma’s abilities only gained international attention in 2012, after a family friend posted a video online comparing her to Mozart. The family was suddenly swamped with media requested and Alma became an overnight star, dubbed “little Mozart”. This nickname makes her parents unhappy because they believe itputs added pressure on the young girl. They would instead prefer her to be called “a composer and musician”.Alma does not want to be compared to the famous artist either, saying, “There was only one Mozart, and I prefer to be little Alma.” Regardless of what she calls herself, the twelve-year-old is changing the world of music forever!24. What do we know about Alma Deutscher?A. She comes from a famous musical family.B. She has shown great musical talent from a young age.C. She regularly performs the classical music of Mozart.D. She has adapted some famous works of classical music.25. How did Alma get to be widely known?A. Through an online videoB. By performing on televisionC. By putting on an operaD. Through her parents’ promotion26. What is Alma’s attitude towards her success?A. She is still unsatisfied with her performance.B. She is uncomfortable with so much pressure.C. She is modest about her musical achievementsD. She is proud to have become a professional musician.27. What can we infer about Alma’s parents?A. They are very well-educated people.B. They are protective of their daughter.C. They have pushed Alma to take up music.D. They have made a good life plan for Alma.CThe belief that new technologies are causing the death of work is the idea that never goes away. Despite evidence to the contrary, we still view technological change today as being more rapid and dramatic in its consequences for work than ever before.But this is nothing new. People have always viewed the technological changes that take place during their lives as the most dramatic and dangerous that ever happened in history.In the 1930s, the British economist(经济学家) John Maynard Keynes predicted the widespread use of electricity would produce a world where people spend most of their time doing nothing. In the United States during the 1960s, the government repeatedly investigates fears that automatic machines would permanently reduce the amount of work available. In 1988, one Australian historian claimed that at least a quarter of the workforce would be without jobs within 10 years because of computers.Of course, none of these disasters came to pass in the United Kingdom, the United States and Australia, or anywhere else.Yet today, we are seeing the return of these predictions, with some experts claiming the world of work is once more undergoing radical and unprecedented change. They argue that robots and other workplace technologies are causing a reduction in the total amount of work available, or are bringing a more rapid pace of substitution of machines for humans than has been seen previously.But there is a little evidence to support such beliefs. Statistics show that the percentage of people in work, the number of hours they work, and how frequently they change jobs have remained remarkably constant over the past 20 years.This stability should not come as a surprise. There are good reasons why we should not expect new technologies to cause the death of work. New technologies always cause job losses, but that is only part of the story. What also needs to be understood is how they increase the amount of work available.One way this happens is through the increases in incomes that accompany the use of new technologies. With the introduction of these technologies, good and services can be produced faster, which results in higher real incomes for workers. Higher incomes then increase demand for other products and consequently more workers are needed to make them. Additionally, while new technologies are likely to substitute for some types of workers, they will also increase demand for other types of workers, especially those with higher level skills and expertise.So, the end of work is no closer today than at any time in the past. But there is still a need to keep disproving the prediction, to reduce people's fears.28. What is the function of the second paragraph?A. To explain the importance of developing new technology.B. To show how technology affected employment in the past.C. To argue that technological dangers are becoming more serious.D. To give historical examples of unnecessary fear about new technology.29. How can employment statistics over the past 20 years best be described?A. ConfusingB. ReliableC. StableD. Variable30. According to paragraph 7, why does demand for products often increase after new technology is introduced?A. There are more goods for people to choose from.B. There is more demand for new skills in the economy.C. Productivity improvements help raise workers’ salaries.D. Higher quality goods at lower prices encourage consumption.31. What is the author’s opinion about the introduction of new technology?A. It does not have an effect on most people’s jobs.B. Its benefits are usually not worth the introduction.C. It usually leads to a significant increase in employment.D. Its danger to peoples employment possibilities is overstated.DSupermarket shelves are filled with plant-based alternatives to cow milk, including soy, nut, and coconut milk. These products are popular with consumers who cannot drink cows’ milk for health reasons, as well as with those concerned about animal welfare and environmental sustainability. While the dairy-free(非乳制的) options work well with cereal or in coffee, they fail miserably when it comes to making milk-based products like cheese or yogurt. However, these shortcomings may soon be a thing of the past, thanks to a new company in California, which has figured out how to create animal-free milk in a laboratory!Perumal Gandhi and Ryan Pandya founded the company in 2014 after becoming increasingly annoyed with the lack of cows’ milk-free alternatives, particularly for cheese. For Gandhi, who stopped consuming animal products five years earlier due to environmental and animal welfare concerns, the motivation to create a better alternative stemmed from his love of cheesy pizza. Pandya was spurred into taking action after being forced to eat some “really bad” dairy-free cream cheese on his sandwichThe two MIT biomedical engineering scientists decided to join forces to create a more realistic alternative to dairy-based products. In their university lab, the pair spent nine months first isolating cow DNA then inserting it into yeast(酵母). This genetic modification enabled the yeast to produce the necessary milk proteins. The final step of the process involved mixing the proteins with some plant nutrients and fats.The dairy-free milk not only tastes like the real thing but is also healthier, has a longer shelf life and, most important of all, is Earth friendly. According to the company’s website, when compared to conventional milk production, their process uses 65% less energy, creates 84%o less greenhouse gas emissions and requires 91% less land and an amazing 98% less water! Best of all, since it contains real milk proteins, the product behaves like the cow-produced version, which means vegetarian consumers will no longer have to deal with soggy cheese on their sandwiches and pizzas.The company plans to bring their creation to market later this year and their first product will most likely be cheese since there are already numerous good cows’ milk alternatives available to consumers.32. The underlined word "those" in paragraph 1 refers to_______.A. alternativesB. peopleC. productsD. reasons33. The company s founders were motivated to make the new product because of_______.A. their deep concern for the environmentB. their worry that farm animals were poorly treatedC the over-consumption of the dairy-based productsD. the poor taste of dairy-free cheese presently available34. What can be inferred from paragraph 4?A. The dairy-free products cannot be stored for a long time.B. The new products will taste better than dairy-based ones.C. Cow farming causes considerable environmental damage.D. The dairy-free milk will be more expensive than cow’s milk.35. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Healthier CheeseB. New Milk Saves PlanetC. Fresher Milk, Better FutureD. Making Milk without Cows第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
word含答案广州市2018届高三毕业班一模语文试题

2018年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试(一)语文本试卷10页,22小题,满分150分。
考试用时150分钟。
注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、试室号和座位号填写在答题卡上。
2.作答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案。
答案不能答在试卷上。
3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答,答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液,不按以上要求作答无效。
4.考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。
考试结束后,将试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)论述类文本阅读(本题共3小题,9分)阅读下面的文字,完成1—3题。
人们在学习中能否掌握正确的阅读方法以获得理想的效果,是一个非常重要的问题。
在人生的不同阶段,学习目标不同,采取的阅读模式也不同。
大体而言,阅读模式有知识型阅读与研究型阅读两种。
研究型阅读主要有以下三种方式:一是疑问式阅读。
在知识型阅读阶段,读者往往将自己所阅读的著作视为权威的看法与正确的结论,很少对它们提出疑问,对经典的作品与权威人士的著作就更是如此。
但是在研究型阅读中就大不相同,怀疑是读者面对所有著作应该持有的态度。
疑问式的阅读对于研究能力的培养是至关重要的,因为所有的学术研究不外乎发现问题与解决问题,而发现问题又是解决问题的前提,而具有质疑的眼光又是发现问题的前提,可以说提出疑问是所有人在学术上取得进展的基础。
提出的疑问如果一时解决不了,最好的做法就是先将它存起来,等遇到坚实的证据时再解决。
脑子中有一批问题储存着,这本身就是一笔巨大的学术财富。
二是对比式阅读。
在知识型阅读阶段,由于要追求知识的准确性与可靠性,读者就必须精心挑选阅读的对象,并将其作为权威的说法加以记忆,从而构成自己稳定的知识谱系。
但是这种阅读习惯也容易形成盲从的缺陷。
广东一模语文 参考答案

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试广东省语文模拟试卷(一)参考答案及评分标准1.【理解筛选】(3分)B(A“它本身必须具有某种情感”理解有误,参见原文“这里说的情感是审美主体的情感,而不是审美对象的情感”。
C“都会成为作品中的意象”分析不准确,原文有“才有可能”的表述。
D原因分析不全面,根据原文第6段中“首先……其次……”的论述,可见该项分析是不完整的)2.【论证分析】(3分)C(根据第5段的论证思路,引用陆游咏梅诗句,是为了论说“只有首先在现实的审美活动中产生了意象才有可能将其表现为作品中的意象”这一观点)3.【内容分析】(3分)B(“那说明我们已经自觉地进入了艺术创作的状态”错。
原文的意思是,“登山则情满于山,观海则意溢于海”的情况,只要是进入审美形态的人都有,不只是艺术创作时有)4.【分析鉴赏】(3分)B(“表现了‘她’对丈夫刻薄寡恩、不顾家庭的不满”这一表述不当,小说中并未言及丈夫的刻薄寡恩,从文中“她甚至忘了她也曾有过这种可向任何人夸耀的自豪”这句可以看出,丈夫只是近段时间因为病号病重需要诊治而早出晚归,暂且无暇顾及家庭)5.【鉴赏评价】(5分)①以“阳光很好”之景,给作品增添了一抹亮色,她丈夫对病号(女邻居)的关爱,女邻居的丈夫对妻子的疼爱,就像阳光一样照耀着与病魔顽强搏斗的女邻居。
(3分)②以“阳光很好”之景收尾,还隐喻她对丈夫嫌怨的消释。
(2分)6.【探究意图】(6分)①从情节结构看,“绿窗帘”是故事悬念的发端,是结构全篇的中心线索。
②从主题意蕴看,“绿窗帘”具有耐人寻味的象征意义,它象征幸福,象征顽强的生命力。
③从阅读接受效果看,“绿窗帘”本身富有诗意,能激发人的想象力。
(每点2分,若有其他理解,且符合文意,亦可酌情给分)7.【理解分析】(3分)C(“关键在于消费者自身建设不足”错。
文中有“在知识供给方面,提供的内容或方法不对路”的信息,这说明服务商也存在问题)8.【分析评价】(5分)A、E(答对一项给2分,全对给5分)(B“狭义的知识付费”不包括线下售卖加工过的知识信息产品和服务。
(全国卷1地区)2018广东省高考一模语文试卷及答案解析(精心排版,精心校对,含范文)

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试广东省语文模拟试卷(一)注意事项:1.答题前,考生务必用0.5毫米黑色字迹签字笔将自己所在的县(市、区)、学校以及自己的姓名、考生号、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡和试卷的指定位置,并用2B铅笔在答题卡的“考生号”处填涂考生号。
2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时,用0.5毫米黑色字迹签字笔将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)论述类文本阅读(本题共3小题,9分)阅读下面的文字,完成1~3题。
审美活动的动力机制有情感、想象、超越三种。
与之相应,审美活动所产生的美有三种存在的形态:情象、意象、境界。
审美活动最基本的动力是情感。
从本质上来说,美是情感的对象化。
这里说的情感是审美主体的情感,而不是审美对象的情感。
这里说的对象,有两种形态:一是原生形态。
即原本有一个对象,但不是审美对象,是审美主体将其情感赋予给它,使对象成为主体情感的载体,从而成为审美对象。
二是自创形态。
即原本无对象,因为有情,需要外化,于是就创造一个形象,让其成为情感的载体。
这种情况在艺术创作中居多。
以上两种情况都可以说是情感造形。
情感造形的产物就是情象。
情象是美的基础形态。
凡审美都有情感造形存在,只是审美中的情感造形,除艺术创作外,都是不自觉的,而是直觉的。
刘勰说诗人创作时“登山则情满于山,观海则意溢于海”。
这种情况不只是艺术创作时有,只要是进入审美形态的人都有。
情象是审美主体的创造,只是这创造主要表现在情感的赋予上,而当想象参与后,则就有很大的不同。
想象的最重要的功能是创造新事物,这新事物是现实中不存在的。
想象的创造,不只有情感在起作用,还有人的意识、文化修养在起作用。
于是,这新创造的形象就具有丰富的意蕴,这具有丰富意蕴的形象我们叫它“意象”。
广东省2018届高三语文第一次模拟考试试卷含答案

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试广东省语文模拟试卷注意事项:1.答题前,考生务必用0.5毫米黑色字迹签字笔将自己所在的县(市、区)、学校以及自己的姓名、考生号、考场号和座位号填写在答题十和试卷的指定位置,并用2B铅笔在答题卡的“考生号”处填涂考生号。
2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时,用0.5毫米黑色字在条车笔将答案写在条题十上写在来品数正无爱。
3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)论述类文本阅读(本题共3小题,9分)阅读下面的文字,完成1~3题。
审美活动的动力机制有情感、想象、超越三种。
与之相应,审美活动所产生的美有三种存在的形态:情象、意象、境界。
审美活动最基本的动力是情感。
从本质上来说,美是情感的对象化。
这里说的情感是审美主体的情感,而不是审美对象的情感。
这里说的对象,有两种形态:一是原生形态。
即原本有一个对象,但不是审美对象,是审美主体将其情感赋予给它,使对象成为主体情感的我体,从而成为审美对象。
二是自创形态。
即原本无对象,因为有情,需要外化,于是就创造一个形象,让其成为情感的载体。
这种情况在艺术创作中居多。
以上两种情况都可以说是情感造形。
情感造形的产物就是情象。
情象是美的基础形态。
凡审美都有情感造形存在,只是审美中的情感造形,除艺术创作外,都是不自觉的,而是直觉的。
刘勰说诗人创作时“登山则情满于山,观海则意溢于海”。
这种情况不只是艺术创作时有,只要是进入审美形态的人都有。
情象是审美主体的创造,只是这创造主要表现在情感的赋予上,而当想象参与后,则就有很大的不同。
想象的最重要的功能是创造新事物,这新事物是现实中不存在的。
想象的创造,不只有情感在起作用,还有人的意识、文化修养在起作用。
于是,这新创造的形象就具有丰富的意蕴,这具有丰富意蕴的形象我们叫它“意象”。
2018广州一模作文题解析及范文

2018年广州市高考语文“一模”作文题解析及范文胡家俊一、作文题回放22.阅读下面的材料,根据要求写作。
(60分)日前,南粤中学高三年级的宣传栏上出现了这样一组标语:“我们不是,我们要做!”“高三同学齐努力,!?”这组标语运用了网络流行语甲骨文表情包,引起全校轰动。
有同学很快搜索出,这些甲骨文表情包原来是由美术学院设计系陈教授和他的团队推出的。
陈教授受“艺术与科学”学术运动的启发,借助电脑技术重新解读中国古老的象形文字,设计出具有几何审美效果的甲骨文字体。
2017年,中国甲骨文成功入选联合国教科文组织《世界记忆名录》。
甲骨文正在成为大众和媒体关注的热点,某报“时尚”专栏展开专题讨论,向社会征稿。
请写一篇文章向该专栏投稿,表达你的感触与思考。
要求自选角度,明确文体,自拟标题;不要套作,不得抄袭;不少于800字。
二、审题广州市2018年高考语文“一模”作文题,是一道任务驱动型材料作文。
通过文字材料,引出写作要求。
材料包括三个方面的内容。
第一个内容,是南粤中学宣传栏上出现了一组标语,标语是由汉字和表情包构成的。
其包含的含意是:这组标语很新颖;同学们很有创意;年轻人喜欢新颖、活泼的宣传方式。
第二个内容,陈述这些标语中的甲骨文表情包的来历。
这些甲骨文表情包是由美术学院设计系陈教授和他的团队推出的,表明这些表情包不是恶搞的产品,是经过严肃的程序设计出来的。
是结合新技术产生的,是重新对中国古老象形文字的解读而设计的。
可以理解为对传统文化的发展。
第三个内容,甲骨文入选联合国教科文组织《世界记忆名录》。
表明甲骨文受到世界文化保护方面的重视。
甲骨文成为大众与媒体的关注热点。
表明甲骨文又引起了大家的关注。
某报“时尚”专栏,向社会征稿,展开专题讨论。
最后这句话信息比较丰富。
报纸向社会征稿展开专题讨论,表明这篇文章的读者对象是开放式的,面向是广大的社会受众。
另外。
特别要注意的是该报纸是通过“时尚”专栏来展开讨论的。
专栏的名称,暗示了专栏讨论的倾向性。
2018年广东一模作文导写和广州一模作文分析

2018年广东一模作文导写和广州一模作文分析2018年广东一模作文导写和广州一模作文分析一、2018广东高考一模作文题点评:要抓住“关系”二字展开(广州爱智康语文团队)2018广东一模作文题:今天与明天哥伦比亚著名作家,诺贝尔文字奖获得者马尔克斯在(告别信)中说,永远有一个明天,生活给我我们另一个机会将事情做好,要是如果我搞错了,今天就是我们的把剩下的全部。
人们都想伫立在巅峰上,殊不知,真正的幸福恰恰就在于攀登险阻的过程。
阅读材料后,你对“今天与明天”的关系有怎样的感触与思考?请写一篇文章。
要求选好角度,确定立意,明确文体,自拟标题;不要套作,不得抄袭,不少于800字。
2018广东高考一模作文题已经出来啦,这次依然是材料作文哦,大家看完这个作文材料之后,有什么想法呢?“今天与明天”的关系这个话题看似简单,但是却不是那么容易的哦。
今年的广东一模作文题属于名人名言材料+任务型作文,要扣住材料中的关键句:永远有一个明天,今天就是我们所剩的全部,幸福恰恰在今天攀登险阻的过程等,而题干中又明确了今天与明天的关系的思考的限制。
我们要写的是两者的关系,而不能割裂开来只做一个的分析思考。
具体来说,从第一句关键句中,可以立意为:明天可改正今天的错误,使明天更美好;明天是今天的希望;不灰心不丧气,明天会更好;等;从第二句关键词中,可以立意为为:今天把握不好,何来明天的辉煌;今天是明天的基础,不容做错;不要因为有明天的存在,忽视今天的努力等;从第三句关键词来说,可以立意为:今天努力是为了明天幸福;把握住今天,才会有明天的辉煌;明天的幸福是因为有了今天的基础;今天的创造幸福比明天的拥有幸福更幸福等。
既可以从个人的成长方面来谈,也可以从国家层面来写,还可以从社会今天与明天来分析。
无论从哪个方面立意写作,都要扣住材料含义和今天与明天之间的关系来写。
相比于广州一模,广东省一模这篇文章在审题方面会有一些坑,同学们要注意要抓住关系二字展开,不要割裂任何一方。
2018广东一模语文试题(含答案)20180321(1)

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试广东省语文模拟试卷(一)一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)论述类文本阅读(本题共3小题,9分)阅读下面的文字,完成1~3题。
审美活动的动力机制有情感、想象、超越三种。
与之相应,审美活动所产生的美有三种存在的形态:情象、意象、境界。
审美活动最基本的动力是情感。
从本质上来说,美是情感的对象化。
这里说的情感是审美主体的情感,而不是审美对象的情感。
这里说的对象,有两种形态:一是原生形态。
即原本有一个对象,但不是审美对象,是审美主体将其情感赋予给它,使对象成为主体情感的载体,从而成为审美对象。
二是自创形态。
即原本无对象,因为有情,需要外化,于是就创造一个形象,让其成为情感的载体。
这种情况在艺术创作中居多。
以上两种情况都可以说是情感造形。
情感造形的产物就是情象。
情象是美的基础形态。
凡审美都有情感造形存在,只是审美中的情感造形,除艺术创作外,都是不自觉的,而是直觉的。
刘勰说诗人创作时“登山则情满于山,观海则意溢于海”。
这种情况不只是艺术创作时有,只要是进入审美形态的人都有。
情象是审美主体的创造,只是这创造主要表现在情感的赋予上,而当想象参与后,则就有很大的不同。
想象的最重要的功能是创造新事物,这新事物是现实中不存在的。
想象的创造,不只有情感在起作用,还有人的意识、文化修养在起作用。
于是,这新创造的形象就具有丰富的意蕴,这具有丰富意蕴的形象我们叫它“意象”。
意象虽然通常用在艺术创作中,其实,在现实的审美活动中也有,而且只有首先在现实的审美活动中产生了意象才有可能将其表现为作品中的意象。
陆游咏梅云:“驿外断桥边,寂寞开无主。
已是黄昏独自愁,更著风和雨。
”这梅就不是自然物象,也不只是情象,而是意象了,因为这中间寄寓着陆游对自身经历的独特思考。
美的最高存在形态是境界。
境界是中国哲学的重要范畴。
它较多地出现在佛教典籍中,成为佛教的最高层次。
宋明理学家将境界作为人生的最高追求,清代王国维将其作为古典词美的最高层次,将其转化为美学范畴。
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2018年广州市高考语文“一模”作文题解析
一、作文题回放
二、审题
广州市2018年高考语文“一模”作文题,是一道任务驱动型材料作文。
通过文字材料,引出写作要求。
材料包括三个方面的内容。
第一个内容,是南粤中学宣传栏上出现了一组标语,标语是由汉字和表情包构成的。
其包含的含意是:这组标语很新颖;同学们很有创意;年轻人喜欢新颖、活泼的宣传方式。
第二个内容,陈述这些标语中的甲骨文表情包的来历。
这些甲骨文表情包是由美术学院设计系陈教授和他的团队推出的,表明这些表情包不是恶搞的产品,是经过严肃的程序设计出来的。
是结合新技术产生的,是重新对中国古老象形文字的解读而设计的。
可以理解为对传统文化的发展。
第三个内容,甲骨文入选联合国教科文组织《世界记忆名录》。
表明甲骨文受到世界文化保护方面的重视。
甲骨文成为大众与媒体的关注热点。
表明甲骨文又引起了大家的关注。
某报“时尚”专栏,向社会征稿,展开专题讨论。
最后这句话信息比较丰富。
报纸向社会征稿展开专题讨论,表明这篇文章的读者对象是开放式的,面向是广大的社会受众。
另外。
特别要注意的是该报纸是通过“时尚”专栏来展开讨论的。
专栏的名称,暗示了专栏讨论的倾向性。
写作要求包括任务指令和一般写作指令另个方面:
首先看写作任务指令:“请写一篇文章向该专栏投稿,表达你的感触与思考”。
这个是写作任务的核心。
文章的写作目的是就上述材料的内容,给报社“时尚”
专栏投稿。
这个限定了写作内容和写作目的的范围。
“表达你的感触与思考”,“感触”更多的是感情的抒发,是感性思维的呈现“思考”则是理性思维的呈现。
再看一般写作指令:“要求自选角度,明确文体,自拟标题;不要套作,不得抄袭;不少于800字”,这些都是常规的高考作文的要求。
这样的写作指令,考生是已经非常熟悉的了。
对材料三个内容,我们可以用一句话来概括:就南粤中学出现的由教授团队设计的甲骨文表情包标语,谈自己的感触与思考,向报社“时尚”专栏投稿,展开专题讨论。
能够这样整体地理解这道作文题的材料内容,立意就不会有太大的问题了。
要防止高分段的考生不能整体理解材料的内容与含意。
那么这道题该如何立意呢?
可以从正面来立意,例如:传统文化与时代元素结合,展现时尚风采;传统文化需要跟时代结合,发扬光大传统文化;传统文化与时代生活结合,才能够有新的发展;传统的东西也可以很“时尚”;传统文化创新工作很有必要;用新颖时尚的宣传方式对于传统文化的传播更有裨益……
可以从反面来立意,例如:要保持传统文化的纯粹性;……这个角度立意可写的空间不大,因为材料基本排除了恶搞甲骨文的可能。
三、评价
评价一道高考模拟作文题的好坏,主要从以下几个方面来评价:(1)作文题命题是否规范,合乎作文命题的发展趋势。
(2)材料的理解是否有多元理解,可以让考生从多个角度立意切入写作。
(3)写作任务是否可以调动起考生写作的积极性,考生有话可写。
(4)是否能够体现区分度,拉开不同层次考生的距离。
(5)作文题目是否有一定的陌生感。
从这几个评价角度来看,总体来说这道作文题是一道不错的模拟作文题。
(1)作文题命题规范,是典型的任务驱动型材料作文,这是备考的重点,也符合作文命题的趋势。
(2)对材料的多元理解,整体上来说,更偏向正面的立意,“多元”理解上做得还不够。
但是因为材料由三个部分来组成,加大了材料阅读理解的难度,一定程度上弥补了多元理解不足的问题。
(3)材料有考生比较喜欢的表情包出现,一定程度上吸引了考生的注意,考生的写作热情容易激发。
这些话题内容,考生是熟悉的,是有话可说的。
(4)这道题能够体现出区分度。
普通的学生,能够写传统文化与时代的关系,基本上都是可以符合题意的。
但是要拿高分,就一定要注重材料的整体性理解。
这是一个难点。
材料三个内容,各自独立,又互相有联系。
从严格要求来说,需要有整体性的理解,才是切合题意的。
另外,“时尚”专栏这个“坑”挖得有点隐秘,估计不少考生会忽略这个点,也是造成分数区分的一个地方。
(5)作文的形式是考生熟悉的,材料内容有一定新意,给考生一定的陌生感,但是提炼主题以后,基本还是属于考生熟悉的内容范围。