翻译-----形式主语形式宾语

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形式宾语和形式主语

形式宾语和形式主语

关于形式主语与形式宾语
关于形式主语与形式宾语
1. 形式主语
为了保持句子平衡,通常将主语从句移至句末而在原主语位置使用形式主语it。

具体说来,有以下两种情况:对于以that引导的主语从句,通常用形式主语代主语从句;对于以连接代词(副词)引导的主语从句,可以使用形式主语代主语从句,也可直接在句首使用主语从句。

如:
It’s a shame (that) he didn’t come. 很遗憾他没来。

Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen.= It remains to be seen whether it will do us harm. 是否对我们有害还要看一看。

Where I spend my summer is no business of yours.= It is no b usiness of yours where I spend my summer. 我在哪里过暑假不关你的事。

2. 形式宾语
当宾语从句后跟有宾语补足语时,通常在宾语从句处使用形式宾语it,而将真正的宾语从句移至句末。

如:
He didn’t make it clear why he had left so early. 他没有讲清他为什么那么早离开。

He doesn’t want it to be known that he’s going away. 他不想让人知道他要离开。

it用法大全形式宾语形式主语

it用法大全形式宾语形式主语

2.非人称代词it
it有时并不指详细旳东西,而泛指天气、时间、环境等, 称为非人称旳it: 2.1.指天气: It is a lovely day, isn’t it? It is a bit windy.
2.2.指时间: It was nearly midnight when she came back.
用It作形式主语旳句型: (1) It is adj.+ to do sth. It is difficult to translate this article.翻译这篇文章 极难。
(2) It is adj. + for/of sb.+ to do sth. It is important for us to learn English.学习英语对我 们很主要。
㈠ 1.it作人称代词
1.1.it旳最基本使用方法是作人称代词,主要指刚 提到 旳事物,以防止反复:
Ningbo is a beautiful city, isn’t it?
1.2.也能够指动物或婴儿(未知性别旳婴儿或孩子): Is this your dog?No, it isn’t.
1.3.也可指抽象事物: It was a great surprise to me when he did a thing like that.
2).It is +v-ed +that 从句 ① It is said (reported, learned....) that ...
据说(据报道,据悉...)“。 It is said that he has come to Beijing.
= He is said to have come to Beijing.
②不论被强调部分是哪种状语,只能用 that连接,不得使用where、when等连词.

形式主语与形式宾语的应用技巧

形式主语与形式宾语的应用技巧

形式主语与形式宾语的应用技巧形式主语和形式宾语是常见的语法结构,在句子中具有一定的应用技巧。

正确运用形式主语和形式宾语,可以丰富句子结构,增强表达的灵活性。

本文将介绍形式主语与形式宾语的定义、特点以及使用技巧,帮助读者更好地掌握这两个语法结构。

一、形式主语的定义与特点形式主语是指在句子中充当主语成分,却不能担负实际主体动作或者表示具体意义的成语结构。

形式主语往往由动词不定式、动名词、名词性从句等充当。

1. 动词不定式形式主语常由“it + be + 形容词/名词 + 不定式”的结构充当。

例如:- It is important to learn a foreign language.(学一门外语是重要的。

)- It is necessary to take action to solve the problem.(采取行动解决问题是必要的。

)2. 动名词形式主语也可以由动名词短语充当,通常以“it + be + 动名词”为句型。

例如:- It is interesting reading novels in your free time.(在闲暇时间读小说很有趣。

)- It is a waste of time watching TV all day.(整天看电视是浪费时间。

)3. 名词性从句名词性从句也可以作为形式主语。

例如:- It is a shame that he didn't pass the exam.(他没通过考试真可惜。

)- It is a fact that smoking is harmful to health.(吸烟对健康有害是事实。

)二、形式宾语的定义与特点形式宾语指的是在句子中充当宾语成分的结构,但它不去承担实际的动作或者表示具体意义。

形式宾语通常由动词不定式、动名词、名词性从句等充当。

1. 动词不定式形式宾语由动词不定式充当,常出现在动词后面作为内容宾语。

汉语主语的英译方法

汉语主语的英译方法

汉语主语的英译方法一、汉语主语句的翻译汉语主语句的翻译方法有很多种,包括:一一对应,灵活对应,词语变通,统一主语,译为英语代词,以物作主语,合并主语,词类转换和译为英语的宾语等。

(1)一一对应一一对应式主语转换在汉译英中比较常见,译者应当尽最大可能作此转换,因为,在不违背原义的前提下,对应翻译是一种简捷可靠的方法。

原语以专有名词及普通名词作主语时,一一对应的可能性很大。

例如:例5.银行界业内人士认为,加入世贸组织将对中国商业银行带来两大影响。

译文Banking industry insiders believe that the WTO accession will have two major impacts on Chinese commercial banks.原文主语“银行界业内人士”直接对应翻译为“Banking industry insiders”即可。

(2)灵活对应,也叫做间接对应技巧在意思不变的情况下,翻译时也需要选择不同主语作为英语主语。

例如:1例6.中国的潜在市场同国外的先进技术和资金优势结合起来,就能形成众多的发展机遇和强大的发展活力。

译文1 China’s potential market, once combined with foreign advanced technology and capital, will produce many opportunities and great vigor for development.译文2 The combination of China’s potential market with foreign advanced technology and capital will create/ produce/generate many opportunities and great vigor for development.译文3 Once China’s potential market is combined with foreign advanced technology and capital, it will produce many opportunities and great vigor for development.译文1是一一对应,也是可以的。

掌握形式主语和形式宾语的使用

掌握形式主语和形式宾语的使用

掌握形式主语和形式宾语的使用形式主语和形式宾语是英语中一种常见的句法结构,它们在句子中作为主语或宾语的形式出现,起到补充、强调或保持句子平衡的作用。

掌握形式主语和形式宾语的使用对于提高英语写作技巧和句子表达的准确性至关重要。

本文将详细介绍形式主语和形式宾语的定义、使用方法以及一些相关的例句。

形式主语(Formal Subject)是指在某些句子中,为了避免使用真正的主语,而使用一个形式上的主语来起到占位或平衡句子结构的作用。

常见的形式主语有"It"和"There"。

1. 使用"It"作为形式主语:(1)当真正的主语是不定式、动词-ing 形式或名词性从句时,可以使用"It"作为形式主语。

例如:It is important to study hard for the exam.(重要的是为了考试而努力学习。

)It is raining outside.(外面在下雨。

)It seems that he is not coming.(看起来他不会来。

)(2)当真正的主语是表示天气、时间、距离、温度等的句子时,可以使用"It"作为形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句子后面。

例如:It is hot today.(今天很热。

)It is a long way from here to the city.(从这里到市区很远。

)It is 8 o'clock.(现在是八点钟。

)2. 使用"There"作为形式主语:当需要强调某个地点或场所时,可以使用"There"作为形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句子后面。

例如:There is a book on the table.(桌子上有一本书。

)There are many people in the park.(公园里有很多人。

高考英语 备考之it作形式主语和形式宾语

高考英语 备考之it作形式主语和形式宾语

高考备考英语之it作形式主语和形式宾语it既可作人称代词,用来表示动物或无生命的物体等,也可以作无人称代词,在句中作主语,表示“时间”、“距离”、“天气”等。

它还可以引导强调句,使语气得以加强。

此外,it在句中能作引导词,充当句子中的形式上的成分,如形式主语、形式宾语等。

㈠ it作形式主语:it作形式主语时没有具体的意义,而只是帮助把真正的主语移到句子后部去,使句子显得平稳一些。

it 作形式主语时,可以代替三种形式:不定式、动名词和主语从句。

⒈ it代替不定式短语常用于下列句型中:It + be +形容词 + (for/of sb.) to do sth.It + be + 名词 + to do sth.It takes sb. some time to do sth. 干…花了某人…时间It’s up to sb. to do sth. 干…是某人的职责或义务如:①It is everyone’s duty to obey the law.遵守法律是每个人的义务。

( it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to obey the law)②It is difficult for a foreigner to learn Chinese.对于一个外国人来说,学习汉语是困难的。

( it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to learn Chinese)③It is not right to use these places as rubbish dumps.把这些地方用来倒垃圾是不对的。

(it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to use these places as rubbish dumps)④It took them a year to build the bridge.建这座桥花了他们一年的时间。

( it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to build the bridge)⑤It is bad manners to stare at people.瞪着眼睛看人是不礼貌的。

It作形式主语和形式宾语的用法详解

It作形式主语和形式宾语的用法详解

新希望英语语法精讲------"It〞作形式主语和形式宾语"It〞作形式主语和形式宾语的用法详解It作形式主语和形式宾语用法,是英语学习的主要语法工程之一。

无论是单项选择,还是完行填空,it 用法始终是反复考察的重、热点之一。

现将it在特殊句型中作形式主语和形式宾语用法,进展如下归纳分析,以供学习参考。

一、 It 用作形式主语当不定式〔短语〕、动名词〔短语〕或从句在*个句子中作主语时,为保持句子构造前后平衡,防止头重脚轻,因此常用it作形式主语置于句首,而将真正的主语放在句尾。

此时it只起先行引导作用,本身无词义。

e.g. It is wrong to tell a lie. (说谎是错误的。

) 〔It为to tell a lie的形式主语〕It is no use arguing about it. (争吵是没用的。

) 〔It为arguing about it的形式主语〕It is uncertain who will e. (谁要来还不确定。

) 〔It为who will e的形式主语〕It 作形式主语的常见句型:① It + be + 形容词 + to do sth. / doing / that ….e.g. It is very important to learn a foreign language. (学一门外语非常重要。

)It is useless crying over the spilt milk. (覆水难收。

)It was really surprising that she married a man like that.(她嫁给那样的男士真让人惊讶。

)② It + be +名词词组 + doing / that….e.g. It is no good telling lies. (撒谎没好处。

)It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film yesterday. (你昨天没看成那部电影真遗憾。

“It”作形式主语和形式宾语的用法详解

“It”作形式主语和形式宾语的用法详解

新希望英语语法精讲------“It”作形式主语和形式宾语“It”作形式主语和形式宾语的用法详解It作形式主语和形式宾语用法,是英语学习的主要语法项目之一。

无论是单项选择,还是完行填空,it 用法始终是反复考查的重、热点之一。

现将it在特殊句型中作形式主语和形式宾语用法,进行如下归纳分析,以供学习参考。

一、It 用作形式主语当不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句在某个句子中作主语时,为保持句子结构前后平衡,避免头重脚轻,因此常用it作形式主语置于句首,而将真正的主语放在句尾。

此时it只起先行引导作用,本身无词义。

e.g. It is wrong to tell a lie. (说谎是错误的。

) 〔It为to tell a lie的形式主语〕It is no use arguing about it. (争吵是没用的。

) 〔It为arguing about it的形式主语〕It is uncertain who will come. (谁要来还不确定。

) 〔It为who will come的形式主语〕It 作形式主语的常见句型:①It + be + 形容词+ to do sth. / doing / that ….e.g. It is very important to learn a foreign language. (学一门外语非常重要。

)It is useless crying over the spilt milk. (覆水难收。

)It was really surprising that she married a man like that.(她嫁给那样的男士真让人惊讶。

)②It + be +名词词组+ doing / that ….e.g. It is no good telling lies. (撒谎没好处。

)It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film yesterday. (你昨天没看成那部电影真遗憾。

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• 我可以肯定是他偷走了我的钱包。 (it…that) • I’ m sure that it is he who has stolen my wallet. • 众所周知,中国是个发展中国家。(It…) • It’s known to all that China is a developing country.
历届高考
1. 我们打篮球的时间到了。(It, time (08上 海) 2. 你今晚能来参加我的生日聚会吗?(It, possible) (08上海) • 1。It is time for us to play basketball. • 2。Is it possible for you to attend my birthday party this evening?
7. 保护环境是每个公民的职责。(It …)(02上 海) 8.我没有想到汤姆会被选为学生会主席。 (occur)(02 上海)
7。I find it hard/it is hard to cooperate with those who always stick to their own opinions.
2004年高考:这个游戏规则太复杂,三言两 语理解不清。 (too…to) The rules of the game are too complicated to explain / be explained in a few words. 2005年高考:你最好乘出租车去电影节的开 幕式,不然就要吃到了。 (or) You’d better go to the opening ceremony of the Film Festival by taxi, or you will be late.
• 形式主语或形式宾语it
形式主语或形式宾语it
• 那些未曾去过那个小村庄的人很难描绘出 它的美丽。( it )
– It is very hard for those who haven’t been to the small village to describe its beauty.
• 我发现很难与那些一贯固执己见的人合作。 (it )
5、在含有某些形容词的句子中,如important, necessary,impossible, natural, common, strange等。 6、It’s likely that… Eg. It’s likely that John won’t come though he has promised do.
9。If (it is) convenient, please fetch me the parcel from the post office / please go to the post office and fetch me the parcel. 10。As far as I know, it is convenient to do shopping in that small city.
Practice:/More examples
• 约翰来拜访我时我碰巧不在家。(so happen) • It so happened that I wasn’t at home when John come to visit me. • 据报道,飞机失事是由引擎故障引起的。 (report) • It is reported that the failure in the engines led to the air crash.
• 我很讨厌人们满嘴食物时大声说话。 (hate) • I hate it when a people speak loudly with their mouths full of food. • 汤姆很有可能乘错车了,否则他应该到了。 (It…) • It’s likely that Tom has taken the wrong bus, or he would be here by now.
3. 据报道这种野生植物含有丰富的维生素。 (It …)(07上海) 4. 躺在草地上听音乐真是惬意。(It …)(06 上 海) • 3。It is reported / said that this wild plant is rich in / contains / has a lot of vitamins. • 4。It is pleasant lying on the grass and enjoying the music.
2003年高考:勤洗手是避免疾病传染的有效 方法之一。 (infect) Washing hands often / frequently / regularly is one of the effective ways to avoid being infected by disease(s).
2
5. 我发现很难与那些一贯固执己见的人合作。 (… it …)(05上海) 6. 那些未曾去过那个小村庄的人很难描绘出 它的美丽。(It …)(03上海)
• 5。 I find it (is) hard to cooperate with those who always stick to their own opinions. 6。It is very hard for those who haven’t been to the small village to describe its beauty
2002年高考:如果方便的话,请帮我从邮局 取回包裹。 (convenient) If (it is ) convenient, please fetch me the parcel from the post office / please go to the post office and fetch me the parcel.
2001年高考:我们的祖国从来没有像今天这 样强大过。 (Never…) Never before has Our country been so powerful as it is today. 2000年高考:我们利用这次长假去香港旅游 (take advantage of ) Let’s take advantage of the long vacation and make a trip to Hong Kong.
11.众所周知,吸烟会导致多种疾病。( it , cause) 12.人们发现越来越难跟上现代科学的发展。 ( it,keep up with)
11。It is known to all that smoking can cause many diseases. 12。People find it harder and harder to keep up with the developmentver occurred / didn’t occur to me that Tom would / should be elected / made chairman of the Students’ Union.
9.如果方便的话,请帮我从邮局取回包裹。(it, convenient)(02上海) 10.就我所知,在那座小城市里购物很方便。 (as far as,it )
– I find it hard/it is hard to cooperate with those who always stick to their own opinions.
常需要用形式主语来翻译的情况
1、It’s + adj. + of/for sb. to do sth. Eg. It’s so careless of you to make so many spelling mistakes in the English exam 2、It so happened that… Eg. It so happened that I didn’t have any money on me.
高考翻译
Translation
从高考中透析常考知识点
2003年高考:那些未曾去过那个小村庄的人 很难描绘出它的美丽。 (it…) It’s very hard for those who haven’t been to the small village to describe its beauty.
2000年高考:众所周知,成功来自勤奋,不 努力则一事无成。(without) As we all know, success comes / results from hard work; without efforts nothing can be done / achieved.
中译英常设考点
• 据估计,将有50多万国内外客人来参观 2010年上海世博会。(It…) • It is estimated that more than 500,000 visitor from home and abroad will join the 2010 Shanghai Expo • 我们已定好了规矩,开会吃到的要罚款。 (…it…) • We have made it a rule that those who are late for the meeting will be fined.
• 他清楚地表明在任何情况下他是不会屈服 的。(give in) • He has made it clear that he won’t give in under any circumstances. • 你要记住十点前你必须回家。(keep) • Keep it in mind that you have to be back home before ten.
3、It’s reported/ believed/ estimated that… It’s estimated that about 30 passengers were killed in the bus accident.
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