Ralph_Waldo_Emerson
合集下载
爱默生简介中英文对照
Emerson wrote on a number of subjects, never espousing fixed philosophical tenets, but developing certain ideas such as individuality, freedom, the ability for man to realize almost anything, and the relationship between the soul and the surrounding world. Emerson's "nature" was more philosophical than naturalistic; "Philosophically considered, the universe is composed of Nature and the Soul.―
While his writing style can be seen as somewhat impenetrable, and was thought so even in his own time, Emerson's essays remain one of the linchpins of American thinking, and Emerson's work has influenced nearly every generation of thinker, writer and poet since his time. When asked to sum up his work, he said his central doctrine was "the infinitude of the private man."
高考语文 人物篇：爱默生作文素材
语文：高考作文素材：人物篇——爱默生爱默生拉尔夫·瓦尔多·爱默生(RalphWaldoEmerson，1803～1882)，美国散文作家、思想家、诗人和演说家。
他被认为是美国19世纪最伟大的人物之一，他的人本主义思想和自立主张对美国人民和美国历史的发展有着深远影响。
林肯曾高度赞扬他的思想，称他是“美国精神的先知”、“美国的孔子”。
文学批评家劳伦斯·布尔在《爱默生传》说，爱默生与他的学说，是美国最重要的世俗宗教。
爱默生1803年5月出生于马萨诸塞州波士顿附近的康考德村，1882年4月27日在波士顿因肺病逝世。
他出身牧师家庭，自幼丧父，由母亲和姑母抚养他成人。
曾就读于哈佛大学，在校期间，他阅读了大量英国浪漫主义作家的作品，丰富了思想，开阔了视野。
毕业后，曾执教两年，之后进入哈佛神学院，担任基督教惟一的神教派牧师，并开始布道。
1837年8月31日，爱默生在美国大学生联谊会上发表了《论美国学者》的著名演讲，这一演讲轰动一时，对美国民族文化的兴起产生了巨大影响，被誉为是美国“思想上的独立宣言”。
爱默生的著作大多是散文，主要作品包括《随笔》(1841)、《随笔：第二辑》(1844)、《代表人物》(1850)和《英国人的性格》(1856)等作品。
爱默生的散文写作非常有特色，文章注重思想内容而没有华丽的词藻，行文犹如格言，哲理深入浅出，说服力强，且有典型的“爱默生风格”。
有人这样评价他的文字——“爱默生似乎只写警句”。
这种风格和爱默生阅读广泛有关，也和他每年都写下的厚厚的笔记有关。
爱默生的传记作者小罗伯特·D·理查森说，爱默生不是一个系统的读者，但他是浏览和做综合笔记的天才，他是矿工们所说的高速鉴别机，通过对书籍资料广泛的挖掘，筛选最精华的部分。
Ww散文写作让爱默生进入了以蒙田为代表的经典随笔作家的行列，但按照爱默生最初的想法，也许他更钟爱的是自己诗人的这一角色。
Ralph_Waldo_Emerson__拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生
Nature 自然（1836）：the manifesto of American transcendentalism and the Bible of New England transcendentalism. The American Scholar 美国学者（1837）： America’s Declaration of Intellectual Independence. Self-Reliance 论自助 (1841)：the importance of cultivating oneself
• The ultimate characteristics of Transcendentalism is: • the belief that man can intuitively transcend the limits of the scenes and those of logic, and receive directly higher truths and greater knowledge which is denied to the mundane methods of knowing.
• While his writing style can be seen as somewhat impenetrable, and was thought so even in his own time, Emerson's essays remain one of the linchpins of American thinking, and Emerson's work has influenced nearly every generation of thinker, writer and poet since his time. When asked to sum up his work, he said his central doctrine was "the infinitude of the private man."
Ralph_Waldo_Emerson
American transcendentalism was an important movemment in philosophy and literature that flourished during the early to middle years of the nineteenth century(about 1836-1860).
Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862)
Life Experience
I n In In
1817,he was born in Concord, Massachusetts. 1833,Thoreau studied at Harvard University,and graduated in 1837. 1837,taught in the Concord school,but resigned soon. public
Ralph Waldo Emerson
(1803-1882)
英本二班 乔佳琪
Biographical introduction
Ralph Waldo Emerson
An American essayist,
philosopher and poet The most eloquent spokesman of New England Transcendentalism.
Significance
Transcendentalism can be best understood as a late and localized manifestation of romantic movement in literature and philosophy. It is represented by two major writers of the country,Emerson and Thoreau（梭罗）.
拉尔夫 沃尔多 爱默生
拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生
美国思想家文学家诗人
01 早年经历
03 人物评价
目录
02 文学生涯
基本信息
拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生（Ralph Waldo Emerson，1803年5月25日－1882年4月27日），生于美国波士顿。 美国思想家、文学家、诗人。爱默生是确立美国文化精神的代表人物，是新英格兰超验主义最杰出的代言人。美 国总统林肯称他为“美国的孔子”、“美国文明之父”。代表作品《论自然》，《美国学者》。其中《论自然》 被认为是新英格兰超验主义的圣经，而《美国学者》被誉为“美国思想文化领域的独立宣言”。他的哲学思想吸 收了欧洲唯心主义先验论，发展成为超验主义。
他的第一任妻子是埃伦·塔克，她在20岁时因罹患肺结核，于1831年2月8日过世。
1832年，一次与教会干事关于圣餐服务的管理权争执及关于公众祈祷的疑虑让他辞职了。1832年以后，爱 默生到欧洲各国游历，结识了浪漫主义先驱华兹华斯和柯尔律治，接受了他们的先验论思想，对他思想体系的形 成具有很大影响。
签名在1832年至33年间，爱默生到欧洲旅游，这段经历记载在《英国人的性格》（English Traits） （1856年）中。在旅途中，他遇到了威廉·华兹华斯、柯尔律治、约翰·斯图尔特·密尔和托马斯·卡莱尔。
文学生涯
论文集
人物影响
论文集
1840年爱默生任超验主义刊物《日晷》的主编，进一步宣扬超验主义思想。后来他把自己的演讲汇编成书， 这就是著名的《论文集》。《论文集》第一集于1841年发表，包括《论自助》（"Self-Reliance"）、《论超灵》 （"Over-soul"）、《论补偿》、《论爱》、《论友谊》等12篇论文。三年后，《论文集》第二集也出版了。这 部著作为爱默生赢得了巨大的声誉，他的思想被称为超验主义的核心，他本人则被冠以“美国的文艺复兴领袖” 之美誉。
美国思想家文学家诗人
01 早年经历
03 人物评价
目录
02 文学生涯
基本信息
拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生（Ralph Waldo Emerson，1803年5月25日－1882年4月27日），生于美国波士顿。 美国思想家、文学家、诗人。爱默生是确立美国文化精神的代表人物，是新英格兰超验主义最杰出的代言人。美 国总统林肯称他为“美国的孔子”、“美国文明之父”。代表作品《论自然》，《美国学者》。其中《论自然》 被认为是新英格兰超验主义的圣经，而《美国学者》被誉为“美国思想文化领域的独立宣言”。他的哲学思想吸 收了欧洲唯心主义先验论，发展成为超验主义。
他的第一任妻子是埃伦·塔克，她在20岁时因罹患肺结核，于1831年2月8日过世。
1832年，一次与教会干事关于圣餐服务的管理权争执及关于公众祈祷的疑虑让他辞职了。1832年以后，爱 默生到欧洲各国游历，结识了浪漫主义先驱华兹华斯和柯尔律治，接受了他们的先验论思想，对他思想体系的形 成具有很大影响。
签名在1832年至33年间，爱默生到欧洲旅游，这段经历记载在《英国人的性格》（English Traits） （1856年）中。在旅途中，他遇到了威廉·华兹华斯、柯尔律治、约翰·斯图尔特·密尔和托马斯·卡莱尔。
文学生涯
论文集
人物影响
论文集
1840年爱默生任超验主义刊物《日晷》的主编，进一步宣扬超验主义思想。后来他把自己的演讲汇编成书， 这就是著名的《论文集》。《论文集》第一集于1841年发表，包括《论自助》（"Self-Reliance"）、《论超灵》 （"Over-soul"）、《论补偿》、《论爱》、《论友谊》等12篇论文。三年后，《论文集》第二集也出版了。这 部著作为爱默生赢得了巨大的声誉，他的思想被称为超验主义的核心，他本人则被冠以“美国的文艺复兴领袖” 之美誉。
Ralph_Waldo_Emerson
Biographical introduction
Ralph Waldo Emerson
An American essayist, philosopher and poet The most eloquent spokesman of New England Transcendentalism.
Son of a New England clergymen Experienced “genteel poverty”
Origins and Sources
foreign influences: 1) introduction of idealistic philosophy from
Germany and France. During his tour to Europe, he met and made friends with Coleridge, Carlyle, and Wordsworth and brought back with him the influence of European Romanticism. 2) Oriental mysticism such as Hinduism and the philosophy of the Chinese Confucius and Mencius. native influence:
Major works
Nature《论自然》 “The American Scholar”《美国学者》 “The Divinity School Address”《神学院演说》 “Self-Reliance” 《论自助》 “Over-soul” 《论超灵》
Nature (1836)
Nature is one of Emerson’s
Ralph Waldo Emerson 简介
Core beliefs of Transcendentalism
• Finding its root in the word "transcend" Transcendentalists believed individuals could transcend to a higher being of existence in nature. • God is located in the soul of each individual • Humanity's potential is limitless. • Experience is valued over scholarship.
Emerson’s Life
• Upset in the 1860s by the coming of the Civil War, ved a quiet life with his family. • His house burnt to the ground in 1872. • Died on April 27th, 1882.
The Founder of Transcendentalism: Ralph Waldo Emerson
What is Transcendentalism
• Transcendentalism was a literary movement that flourished during the middle 19th century (1836-1860). • It began as a rebellion against traditiionally held beliefs by the English Church that God superseded the individual.
Ralph_Waldo_Emerson__拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生
Transcendentalism is a group of new ideas in literature and philosophy that emerged in New England in the early-to-middle 19th century. It is sometimes called American Transcendentalism to distinguish it from other uses of the word transcendental. The movement developed in the 1830s and 40s as a protest against the general state of culture and society, and in particular, the state of intellectualism at Harvard University and the doctrine of the Unitarian church taught at Harvard Divinity School.
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Full name : Ralph Waldo Emerson
Born : May 25, 1803
Died : April 27, 1882 Era : 19th century philosophy Region : Western Philosophy Scholden by Henry David Thoreau is one of the best-known non-fiction books written by an American. Published in 1854, it details Thoreau‘s sojourn(旅居) in a cabin near Walden Pond, amidst woodland owned by his friend and mentor Ralph Waldo Emerson, near Concord, Massachusetts. Thoreau lived at Walden for two years, two months, and two days, but Walden was written so that the stay appears to be a year, with expressed seasonal divisions. Thoreau did not intend to live as a hermit, for he received visitors and returned their visits.
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
“Believe in Yourself” is the core point of “Self-Reliance.”
“Over-soul”
"Over-soul" is the ninth essay in the 1841 edition of Emerson's
Essays, and it remains one of
2. The Transcendentalists stressed the importance of the individual.
3. The Transcendentalists offered a fresh perception of nature as symbol of the Spirit of God.
best-known and most influential essays, it is a lyrical expression of the harmony Emerson felt between himself and nature. The main idea of the essay is that nature inspires spiritual understanding in human being. It’s considered as the Bible of Transcendentalism.
“Self-Reliance”(1841)
“Self-Reliance” is his significant work which expresses his idea of transcendentalism, one focus of which is the primacy of the individual. So it explores individualism at the heart of Emerson’s Transcendental faith: the dignity and the ultimate sanctity of each human being.
Major works
Nature《论自然》 “The American Scholar”《美国学者》 “The Divinity School Address”《神学院演说》 “Self-Reliance” 《论自助》 “Over-soul” 《论超灵》
Nature (1836)
Nature is one of Emerson’s
Other essays: “Representative Men” “English Traits” “The Conduct of Life” ……
《代表性人物》 《英国人的特性》 《论为人处事》
Emerson’s influence
Emerson’s importance in the intellectual history of America lies in the fact that he embodied a new nation’s desire and struggle to assert its own identity in its formative period.
His aesthetics brought about a revolution in American literature. It marked the birth of true American poetry.
He called for an independent culture, which represented the desire of the whole nation to develop a culture of its own.
the best sources of information about his faith. In it, he outlines his belief in a God who resides in each of us and whom we can communicate with, without membership in a church or the assistance of an intermediary church official.
Origins and Sources
foreign influences: 1) introduction of idealistic philosophy from
Germany and France. During his tour to Europe, he met and made friends with Coleridge, Carlyle, and Wordsworth and brought back with him the influence of European Romanticism. 2) Oriental mysticism such as Hinduism and the philosophy of the Chinese Confucius and Mencius. native influence:
as a child Went to Harvard, reconsider
Calvinist belief, embraced Unitarianism Became a Unitarian minister to the Second church of Boston Left his job for Europe and brought back European Romanticism Formed Transcendentalist Club and its journal “the Dial”, became spokesman of New England Transcendentalism
Emerson’s influence
During his lifetime he was considered one of the two or three best writers in America, and certainly the most influential among his contemporaries.
Transcendentalism
As Emerson said, “transcendentalism is idealism; idealism as appears in 1842.”
In 1842, a group of people who were not happy about the materialistic-oriented life at that time, formed
Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. declared this speech to be America's "Intellectual Declaration of Independence".
“The Divinity School Address”(1838)
The address touched off a major controversy among American Unitarian theologians, primarily about the necessity of belief in the historical truth of the Biblical miracles, but involving other secondary issues as well. The Unitarian establishment of New England and of Harvard Divinity School rejected Emerson's teachings outright for the next thirty years.
“The American Scholar”(1837)
Sixty years after declaring independence, American culture was still heavily influenced by Europe, and Emerson, for possibly the first time in the country's history, provided a visionary philosophical framework for escaping "from under its iron lids" and building a new, distinctive American cultural identity.
Biographical introduction
Ralph Waldo Emerson
An American essayist, philosopher and poet The most eloquent spokesman of New England Transcendentalism.
Son of a New England clergymen Experienced “genteel poverty”
American uritan tradition
Features of New England Transcendentalism
1. The Transcendentalists placed emphasis on spirit, or the Over-soul, as the most important thing in the universe. (the Over-soul was omnipresent and omnipotent)
an informal club, Transcendental Club to express their views, publish their journal, the Dial, and make their
“Over-soul”
"Over-soul" is the ninth essay in the 1841 edition of Emerson's
Essays, and it remains one of
2. The Transcendentalists stressed the importance of the individual.
3. The Transcendentalists offered a fresh perception of nature as symbol of the Spirit of God.
best-known and most influential essays, it is a lyrical expression of the harmony Emerson felt between himself and nature. The main idea of the essay is that nature inspires spiritual understanding in human being. It’s considered as the Bible of Transcendentalism.
“Self-Reliance”(1841)
“Self-Reliance” is his significant work which expresses his idea of transcendentalism, one focus of which is the primacy of the individual. So it explores individualism at the heart of Emerson’s Transcendental faith: the dignity and the ultimate sanctity of each human being.
Major works
Nature《论自然》 “The American Scholar”《美国学者》 “The Divinity School Address”《神学院演说》 “Self-Reliance” 《论自助》 “Over-soul” 《论超灵》
Nature (1836)
Nature is one of Emerson’s
Other essays: “Representative Men” “English Traits” “The Conduct of Life” ……
《代表性人物》 《英国人的特性》 《论为人处事》
Emerson’s influence
Emerson’s importance in the intellectual history of America lies in the fact that he embodied a new nation’s desire and struggle to assert its own identity in its formative period.
His aesthetics brought about a revolution in American literature. It marked the birth of true American poetry.
He called for an independent culture, which represented the desire of the whole nation to develop a culture of its own.
the best sources of information about his faith. In it, he outlines his belief in a God who resides in each of us and whom we can communicate with, without membership in a church or the assistance of an intermediary church official.
Origins and Sources
foreign influences: 1) introduction of idealistic philosophy from
Germany and France. During his tour to Europe, he met and made friends with Coleridge, Carlyle, and Wordsworth and brought back with him the influence of European Romanticism. 2) Oriental mysticism such as Hinduism and the philosophy of the Chinese Confucius and Mencius. native influence:
as a child Went to Harvard, reconsider
Calvinist belief, embraced Unitarianism Became a Unitarian minister to the Second church of Boston Left his job for Europe and brought back European Romanticism Formed Transcendentalist Club and its journal “the Dial”, became spokesman of New England Transcendentalism
Emerson’s influence
During his lifetime he was considered one of the two or three best writers in America, and certainly the most influential among his contemporaries.
Transcendentalism
As Emerson said, “transcendentalism is idealism; idealism as appears in 1842.”
In 1842, a group of people who were not happy about the materialistic-oriented life at that time, formed
Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. declared this speech to be America's "Intellectual Declaration of Independence".
“The Divinity School Address”(1838)
The address touched off a major controversy among American Unitarian theologians, primarily about the necessity of belief in the historical truth of the Biblical miracles, but involving other secondary issues as well. The Unitarian establishment of New England and of Harvard Divinity School rejected Emerson's teachings outright for the next thirty years.
“The American Scholar”(1837)
Sixty years after declaring independence, American culture was still heavily influenced by Europe, and Emerson, for possibly the first time in the country's history, provided a visionary philosophical framework for escaping "from under its iron lids" and building a new, distinctive American cultural identity.
Biographical introduction
Ralph Waldo Emerson
An American essayist, philosopher and poet The most eloquent spokesman of New England Transcendentalism.
Son of a New England clergymen Experienced “genteel poverty”
American uritan tradition
Features of New England Transcendentalism
1. The Transcendentalists placed emphasis on spirit, or the Over-soul, as the most important thing in the universe. (the Over-soul was omnipresent and omnipotent)
an informal club, Transcendental Club to express their views, publish their journal, the Dial, and make their