英语四级最新预测卷一(含答案)

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大学英语四级模拟题01及答案

Part ⅠWriting (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Western Festival: Welcome or Reject? You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:1. 西方的节日越来越深的影响着许多中国年青人的生活。

2. 有人认为西方的节日使很多中国的传统日益淡化。

3. 你的观点。

Western Festival: Welcome or Reject?Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, markY(for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N(for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG(for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Our dreams combine verbal, visual and emotional stimuli into a sometimes broken, nonsensical but often entertainingstory line. We can sometimes even solve problems in our sleep. Or can we? Many experts disagree on exactly what the purpose of our dreams might be. Are they strictly random brain impulses, or are our brains actually working through issues from our daily life while we sleep -- as a sortof coping mechanism? Should we even bother to interpret our dreams? Many say yes, that we have a great deal to learn from our dreams.Why do we Dream?For centuries, we've tried to figure out just why our brains play these nightly shows for us. Early civilizations thought dream worlds were real, physical worlds that they could enter only from their dream state. Researchers continue to toss around many theories about dreaming. Those theories essentially fall into two categories:● The idea that dreams a re only physiological stimulations● The idea that dreams are psychologically necessaryPhysiological theories are based on the idea that we dream in order to exercise various neural connections that some researchers believe affect certain types of learning. Psychological theories are based onthe idea that dreaming allows us to sort through problems, events of the day or things that are requiring a lot of our attention. Some of these theorists think dreams might be prophetic. Many researchers andscientists also believe that perhaps it is a combination of the two theories.Dreaming and the BrainWhen we sleep, we go through five sleep stages. The first stage isa very light sleep from which it is easy to wake up. The second stage moves into a slightly deeper sleep, and stages three and four represent our deepest sleep. Our brain activity throughout these stages is gradually slowing down so that by deep sleep, we experience nothing but delta brain waves -- the slowest brain waves. About 90 minutes after we go to sleep and after the fourth sleep stage, we begin REM sleep.Rapid eye movement (REM) was discovered in 1953 by University of Chicago researchers Eugene Aserinsky, a graduate student in physiology, and Nathaniel Kleitman, Ph.D., chair of physiology. REM sleep isprimarily characterized by movements of the eyes and is the fifth stage of sleep.How to Improve Your Dream RecallIt is said that five minutes after the end of a dream, we have forgotten 50 percent of the dream's content. Ten minutes later, we've forgotten 90 percent of its content. Why is that? We don't forget our daily actions that quickly. The fact that they are so hard to remember makes their importance seem less.There are many resources both on the Web and in print that willgive you tips on how to improve your recall of dreams. Those who believe we have a lot to learn about ourselves from our dreams are big proponents of dream journals. Here are some steps you can take to increase your dream recall:● When you go to bed, t ell yourself you will remember your dreams.● Set your alarm to go off every hour and half so you'll wake up around the times that you leave REM sleep -- when you're most likely to remember your dreams. (Or, drink a lot of water before you go to bed to ensure you have to wake up at least once in the middle of the night!)● Keep a pad and pencil next to your bed.● Try to wake up slowly to remain within the "mood" of your last dream. Common Dream Themes and Their Interpretations● Being naked in publ icMost of us have had the dream at some point that we're at school, work or some social event, and we suddenly realize we forgot to put on clothes! Experts say this means: ◆ We're trying to hide something (and without clothes we have a hard time doing that).◆ We're not prepared for something, like a presentation or test (and now everyone is going to know -- we're exposed!).If we're naked but no one notices, then the interpretation is that whatever we're afraid of is unfounded. If we don't care that we're naked, the interpretation is that we're comfortable with who we are.● FallingYou're falling, falling, falling... and then you wake up. This is a very common dream and is said to symbolize insecurities and anxiety. Something in your life is essentially out of control and there isnothing you can do to stop it. Another interpretation is that you have a sense of failure about something. Maybe you're not doing well in schoolor at work and are afraid you're going to be fired or expelled. Again, you feel that you can't control the situation.● Being chasedThe ever-popular chase dream can be extremely frightening. What it usually symbolizes is that you're running away from your problems. What that problem is depends on who is chasing you. It may be a problem at work, or it may be something about yourself that you know is destructive. For example, you may be drinking too much, and your dream may be telling you that your drinking is becoming a real problem.● Taking an exam (or forgetting that you have one)This is another very common dream. You suddenly realize you are supposed to be taking an exam at that very moment. You might be running through the hallways and can't find the classroom. This type of dreamcan have several variations that have similar meanings. (Maybe your pen won't write, so you can't finish writing your answers.) What experts say this may mean is that you're being scrutinized about something or feel you're being tested -- maybe you're facing a challenge you don't think you're up to. You don't feel prepared or able to hold up to the scrutiny. It may also mean there is something you've neglected that you know needs your attention.● FlyingMany flying dreams are the result of lucid dreaming (清醒梦). Notall flying dreams are, however. Typically, dreaming that you are flying means you are on top of things. You are in control of the things thatmatter to you. Or, maybe you've just gained a new perspective on things. It may also mean you are strong willed and feel like no one and nothing can defeat you. If you are having problems maintaining your flight, someone or something may be standing in the way of you having control. If you are afraid while flying, you may have challenges that you don't feel up to.● Running, but going now hereThis theme can also be part of the chasing dream. You're trying to run, but either your legs won't move or you simply aren't going anywhere -- as if you were on a treadmill (踏车). According to some, this dream means you have too much on your plate. You're trying to do too many things at once and can't catch up or ever get ahead.1. This passage mainly discusses different theories about why we have dreams at night.2. Early theories held that dreams were reflection of people’s real, physical worlds.3. According to physiological theories, dreaming allows us to sort through problems or events of the day that require our attention.4. REM occurs at the third and fourth stage during which we experience the deepest sleep.5. The reason why dreams do not seem important is that they are very difficult to remember.6. Trying to get recorded what you said or did in your dream can help increase your dream recall.7. If a person dreams he is naked but is not noticed by others, it means what he is afraid of is groundless.1.[Y][N][NG]2.[Y][N][NG]3.[Y][N][NG]4.[Y][N][NG]5.[Y][N][NG]6.[Y][N][NG]7.[Y][N][NG]8. You re falling, falling, falling in your dream, which is said to symbolize .9. Being chased in a dream usually means that you’re escaping from your .10. One of the interpretations for flying dreams is that you are and nothing can defeat you.Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension(Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank followingthe passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.A department store’s inputs include the l and upon which the building is located, the labor of the employees, (47) ______ in the form of building, equipment and merchandise, and the management skills of the store managers. On a farm, the operation system is the transformation that occurs when a fa rmer’s (48) ______ (land, equipment, labor, etc.) are converted into such outputs as corn, wheat or milk. The exact form of the conversion process (49) ______ from industry to industry, but it is an (50) ______phenomenon that exists in every industry. Economists refer to this (51) ______ of resources into goods and services as the production function. For all operation systems, the general goal is to create some kind of value-added outputs that are worth more to consumers than just the sum of the inputs. To the consumers, the resulting products (52) ______ utility due to the form, the time, or the place of their availability from the conversion process.However, the process is subject to random changes. Unplanned or uncontrollable influences may cause the actual output to differ from planned output. Random fluctuations can arise from external disruption(fire, floods or lightning, for example) or from (53) ______ problems inherent in the conversion process. Inherent variability of equipment, material imperfections, and human errors all affect output quality (54)______. In fact, random variations are the rule rather than the exception in production processes; therefore, (55) _____ variation becomes a major management task.The function of the feedback is to provide (56) ______ linkages. Without some feedback of information, management personnel cannot control operations because they don' t know the results of their directions.A) offerB) capitalC) mediumD)difficultE) variesF) differentlyG) proposalH) transformation I) beautifullyJ) economicK) reducingL) internalM) inputsN) affordO) informationSection BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers, whereas the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned at all. We do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seaworthy boat, or calculated the length of the year, or manured(施肥)a field; but we know all about the killers and destroyers. People think a great deal of them, so much so that on all the highest pillarsin the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general or a soldier. And I think most people believe that the greatest countries are those that have beaten in battle the greatestnumber of other countries and ruled over them as conquerors. It is just possible they are, but they are not the most civilized.Animals fight; so do savages (野蛮人); hence to be good at fighting is to be good in the way in which an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilized. Even being good at getting other people to fight for you and telling them how to do it most efficiently --- this, after all, is what conquerors and generals have done --- is not being civilized. People fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some way of settling their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side, and then saying that that side which has killed most has won. And it not only has won, but, because it has won, has been in the right. For that is what going to war means; it means saying that might is right.That is what the story of mankind has on the whole been like. Even our own age has fought the two greatest wars in history, in which millions of people were killed or disabled. And while today it is true that people do not fight and kill each other in the streets --- while, that is to say, we have got to the stage of keeping the rules and behaving properly to each other in daily life --- nations and countries have not learnt to do this yet, and still behave like savages.57. In the opening sentence the author indicates that ________.A) most history books were written by conquerors, generals and soldiers.B) those who truly helped civilization forward is rarely mentioned in history books.C) history books focus more on conquerors than on those who helped civilization forward.D) conquerors, generals and soldiers should not be mentioned in history books.58. In the author’s opinion, the countries that rul ed over a large number of other countries are ________.A) certainly both the greatest and the most civilizedB) neither the most influential nor the most civilized.C) possibly the most civilized but not the most powerful.D) likely the greatest in some sense but not the most civilized.59. The meaning of “That is what going to war means; it means saying that might is right.”(Last sentence of Paragraph 2) is that________.A) those who fight believe that the winner is right and the loser wrong.B) only those who are powerful have the right to go to war.C) those who are right should fight against those who are wrong.D) in a war only those who are powerful will win.60. In the third paragraph, what the author wants to convey to us is that ________.A) World War I and World War II are different from previous wars.B) our age is not much better than those of the past.C) modern time is not so civilized compared with the past.D) we have fought fewer wars but suffered heavier casualties.61. This passage is most likely taken from an article entitled________.A) War and World PeaceB) Creators of CivilizationC) Civilization and HistoryD) Who Should Be RememberedPassage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.The motor vehicle has killed and disabled more people in its brief history than any bomb or weapon ever invented. Much of the blood on the street flows essentially from uncivil behavior of drivers who refuse to respect the legal and moral rights of others. So the massacre on the road may be regarded as a social problem.In fact, the enemies of society on wheels are rather harmlesspeople or ordinary people acting carelessly, you might say. But it is a principle both of law and common morality that carelessness is no excuse when one's actions could bring death or damage to others.A minority of the killers go even beyond carelessness to total negligence. Researchers have estimated that as many as 80 per cent ofall automobile accidents can be attributed to the psychologicalcondition of the driver. Emotional upsets can distort drivers' reactions, slow their judgment, and blind them to dangers that might otherwise be evident. The experts warn that it is vital for every driver to make a conscious effort to keep one's emotions under control.Yet the irresponsibility that accounts for much of the problem is not confined to drivers. Street walkers regularly violate traffic regulations; they are at fault in most vehicle walker accidents. And many cyclists even believe that they are not subject to the basic rules of the road.Significant legal advances have been made towards safer driving in the past few years. Safety standards for vehicle have been raised bothat the point of manufacture and through periodic road-worthiness inspections. In addition, speed limits have been lowered. Due to these measures, the accident rate has decreased. But the accident expertsstill worry because there has been little or no improvement in the way drivers behave. The only real and lasting solution, say the experts, is to convince people that driving is a skilled task requiring constantcare and concentration. Those who fail to do all these things pose a threat to those with whom they share the road.62. The word “massacre” in line 3 paragraph one means _____A) mass-killing. B) disaster. C) tragedy. D) accident.63. What is the author's main purpose in writing the passage?A) To show that the motor vehicle is a very dangerous invention.B) To promote understanding between careless drivers and street walkers.C) To discuss traffic problems and propose possible solutions.D) To warn drivers of the importance of safe driving.64. According to the passage, traffic accidents may be regarded asa social problem because _____.A) autos have become most destructive to mankindB) people usually pay little attention to law and moralityC) civilization brings much harm to peopleD) the lack of virtue is becoming more severe65. Why does the author mention the psychological condition of the driver in Paragraph Three?A) To give an example of the various reasons for road accidents.B) To show how important it is for drivers to be emotionally healthy.C) To show some of the inaccurate estimations by researchers.D) To illustrate the hidden tensions in the course of driving.66. Who are NOT mentioned as being responsible for the road accidents?A) Careless bicycle-riders.B) Mindless people walking in the street.C) Irresponsible drivers.D) Irresponsible manufactures of automobiles.Part V Cloze(15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Today the world's economy is going through two great changes, both bigger than an Asian financial crisis here or a European monetary union there.The first change is that a lot of industrial_67_is moving from the United States, Western Europe and Japan to _68 _countries in Latin America, South-East Asia and Eastern Europe. In 1950, the United States alone _69_ for more than half of the world's economy output. In 1990,its _70_ was down to a quarter. By 1990, 40% of IBM's employees werenon-Americans; Whirlpool, America's leading _71_ of domestic appliances, cut its American labor force _72_ 10%. Quite soon now, many big western companies will have more _73_ (and customers) in poor countries than in rich _74_ . The second great change is _75_, in the rich countries of the OECD, the balance of economic activity is _76_ from manufacturing to _77_. In the United States and Britain, the _78_ ofworkers in manufacturing has _79_ since 1900 from around 40% to barely half that_80_ in Germany and Japan, which rebuilt so many _81_ after 1945, manufacturing's share of jobs is now below 30%. The effect of the _82 is increased _83_ manufacturingmoves from rich countries to the developing ones, _84_ cheap labor _85_ them a sharp advantage in many of the _86_ tasks required by mass production.67. A. product B. production C. products D. productivity68. A. other B. small C. capitalistic D. developing69. A. accounted B. occupied C. played D. shared70. A. output B. development C. share D. economy71. A. state B. consumer C. representative D. supplier72. A. by B. at C. through D. in73. A. products B. market C. employees D. changes74. A. one B. ones C. times D. time75. A. what B. like C. that D. how76. A. ranging B. varying C. swinging D. getting77. A. producing B. products C. servicing D. services78. A. proportion B. number C. quantity D. group79. A. changed B. gone C. applied D. shrunk80. A. Furthermore B. Even C. Therefore D. Hence81. A. armies B. weapons C. factories D. countries82. A. question B. manufacturing C. shift D. rebuilding83. A. with B. as C. given D. if84. A. while B. whose C. who's D. which85. A. give B. is giving C. gives D. gave86. A. repetitive B. various C. creative D. enormousPart Ⅵ Translation (5 minutes)Directions: Complete the sentence on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.87. (任何国家无论在什么情况下都不可以) have the right to use nuclear weapons.88. It’s essential that (他把一切准备好) before the examination .89. The population of America is not large (与中国相比).90. The beggar accepted the one-dollar note (甚至连一声谢谢都没说).91. Life is full of risks (不论你是否喜欢).答案Part 1 作文:(略)Part 2 快速阅读1. N2. Y3. N4. N5. Y6. NG7. Y8. insecurities and anxiety 9. problems 10.strong willedPart 3 听力Section A(11-15) BBBBB (16-20) CDDCD (21-25)CCCBCSection B(26-30) CDBAB (31-35) DDBBCSection C36. topic 37. exaggerated 38. confusing 39. compete40. application 41. handling 42. widespread 43. calculation44. Another example of the same sort of process has been the use of computers by banks to provide up-to-date records of client’s accounts.45. The most successful example is perhaps the use of computers by airlines to control seat reservation an provide information about flights.46. One could take a series of photographs of the area, from which, the amount of rise and fall of the landscape can be analyzed within a few inches.Part 4 阅读(Reading in Depth)Section A(47-51)B) capital; M) inputs; E) varies; J) economic; H) transformation(52-56)A) offer ; L) internal ; F)differently ; k) reducing; O) information; Section B(57-61)BDABC (62-66)ACBBDPart 5 完型(67-76) BDACD ACBCB (77-86) DADBC CBBCAPart 6 翻译87. Under no circumstances should any nation88. get everything ready89. as compared with that of China90. without so much as saying thanks91. whether you like it or not。

四级预测试卷（第一套）试题及答案解析

四级预测试卷（第⼀套）试题及答案解析四级预测试卷（第⼀套）Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief account of parents’ trying to meet all thedemands from their children and then explain the harm by doing so. You should write atleast 120 words but no more than 180 words._____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation andthe questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause,you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Thenmark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.1. A) It’s tedious. C) It’s justifiable.B) It’s absurd. D) It’s understandable.2. A) Jazz. C) Classical music.B) Rock and roll. D) Country music.3. A) She was afraid of the professor.B) She lost her key and couldn’t enter her house.C) She didn’t make full preparations for her lessons.D) She was blamed by the professor for her carelessness.4. A) She is a little tired. C) She wants to listen to the music.B) She is going to study in the library. D) She is going to make a reservation.5. A) Not to wait for him. C) To get her report back.B) To clean up her room. D) Not to fetch the raincoat.6. A) Two. B) Four. C) Eight. D) Twelve.7. A) He is a rather tedious person. C) He doesn’t have a healthy diet.B) He has just left the hospital. D) He is a better cook than the woman.8. A) The train is late. C) The train is crowded.B) The train is empty. D) The train is on time.Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. A) Get a traveler’s check. C) Ask the man for financial advice.B) Draw a large amount of money. D) Open some bank accounts.10. A) Daily expenses. C) Holidays and travel expenses.B) Big expenses. D) Education fee.11. A) Her ID card and passport. C) Her social security number.B) Her personal references. D) Her cover letter.12. A) A salesman. C) A bank clerk.B) A real estate agent. D) A consultant.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.13. A) A recording artist. C) A student.B) A French teacher. D) A teaching assistant.14. A) It needs more French lesson tapes.B) It needs to have its controls repaired.C) It is different from all the other laboratories.D) It can be operated rather easily.15. A) Change her class schedule. C) Organise tapes on the shelves.B) Fill out a job application form. D) Work on the French lessons.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you mustchoose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the correspondingletter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) She had run a long way. C) She had done a lot of work.B) She felt hot in the subway. D) She had donated blood the night before.17. A) By lifting her to the platform. C) By pulling her along the ground.B) By helping her rise to her feet. D) By dragging her away from the edge.18. A) When the train was leaving.B) After she was back on the platform.C) After the police and fire officials came.D) When a man was cleaning the blood from her head.19. A) They would miss their train. C) She was sure Lisa was hard to lift.B) He didn’t see the train coming.D) She was afraid the train would kill him.Passage TwoQuestions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.20. A) In Suva. C) On the island of Vatoa.B) In Sydney. D) On the island of Viti Levu.21. A) Its comfortable hotels. C) Its exciting football matches.B) Its good weather all year round. D) Its religious beliefs.22. A) They invented “Fiji time” for visitors.B) They stick to a traditional way of life.C) They like to travel from place to place.D) They love taking adventures abroad.Passage ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23. A) Staying on the farm. C) Moving to the countryside.B) Leaving home for the city. D) Running away from the school.24. A) He is very old now. C) He lives in the city now.B) He is in good health. D) He prefers driving a car.25. A) Describe his life in the countryside. C) Show an interest in the outside world.B) Persuade people to live in the city. D) Express his opinions about way of life.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you arerequired to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is readfor the third time, you should check what you have written.Thirty years ago, anyone blaming loneliness for physical illness would have been laughed at. But as scientistsstudied different populations, loneliness kept emerging as a risk factor. In one study, California researchers 26. ________ 4, 700 residents of Alameda County for ten years, starting in 1965. At first, the participants reported their key sources of companionship and estimated the time they 27. ________ each other. During the study, the people who reported the least social 28. ________ died at nearly three times the rate of those reporting the most. The source of companionship didn’t matter, but time spent with others was 29. ________. Since then, researchers have studied men, women, soldiers, and students from countries all over the world. And the same pattern keeps 30. ________. Women who say they feel isolated go on to die of cancer at several times the 31. ________ rate. College students who report “strained and cold” relationships with their parents suffer 32. ________ rates of hypertension (⾼⾎压) and heart disease decades later. Heart-attack survivors who happen to live by themselves die at twice the rate of those who live with others. For those of us who are still healthy, the lesson should be obvious. It’s clear that 33. ________ others can help our bodies thrive. It’s equally clear that we’re growing more isolated. In 1900, only 5% of US households 34. ________ one person living alone. The 35. ________ reached 13% in 1960, and it stands at 25% today.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefullybefore making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark thecorresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You maynot use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.Managers need to find ways to give their employees a lift to improve their morale(⼠⽓). That’s where team-building exercises and other spiritual encouragement can come into 36 . The theory is that a trust-building game, a wilderness adventure, a cooking class or even full-contact chocolate bingo (宾果游戏) — yes, it exists —will help 37 teamwork, bring cheer and thus encourage everyone to work harder and better together.Yes, promoting teamwork is 38 . Getting everyone together for a shared activity can improve team spirit. But, too often, formal team-building programs 39 only minor, short-lived improvements in encouragement or performance.Still, employers do need to support teamwork, 40 in bad climate. The 41 news is that what works is often fairly simple and inexpensive. The key to improving morale, several experts said, is understanding what 42 to your workers.Curbing executive perks(津贴) and salaries can also go a long way toward building morale, according to Professor Kets de Vries. It is 43 unlikely that workers of car factories got much of a lift watching their industry’s top executives take private jets to Washington in November to ask for financial aid. “If you get paid 500 times what the 44 worker is paid, that is ridiculous,”Professor Kets de Vries said. “Don’t be 45 . Great organizations are team-based.”Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the informationis derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Shirley Temple: A walk on the bright sideA) There had to be a dark side to Shir ley Temple’s life. Biographers and interviewers scrabbled around to find it. Theadorable dancing, singing, curly-haired moppet (⼩⼥孩), the world’s top-earning star from 1935 to 1938, surely shed tears once the cameras were off. Her little feet surely ached. Perhaps, like the heroine of “Curly Top”, she was marched upstairs to bed afterwards by some thin-lipped harridan (恶妇), and the lights turned resolutely off.B) Not a bit of it. She loved it all, both then and years later, when the cuteness had gone but the dimples (酒窝)remained. Hadn’t her mother pushed her into it? No, just encouraged her, and wrapped her round with affection, including fixing her 56 ringlets every night and gently making her repeat her next day’s lines until sleep crept up on her. Hadn’t she been punished cruelly while making her “Baby Burlesks”, when she was three? Well, she had been sent several times to the punishment box, which was dark and had only a block of ice to sit on. But that taught her discipline so that, by the age of four, she would “always hit the mark”— and, by the age of six, be able to match the great Bill “Bojangles” Robinson tap-for-tap down the grand staircase in “The Little Colonel”. C) To some it seemed a stolen childhood, with eight feature films to her name in 1934, her breakthrough year, alone.Not to her, when Twentieth-Century Fox (born out of struggling Fox Studios that year on her glittering name alone) built her a little bungalow (平房) on the lot, with a rabbit pen and a swing in a tree. She had a bodyguard and a secretary, who by 1934 had to answer 4,000 fan-letters a week. But whenever she wanted to be a tomboy, she was. In the presidential garden at Hyde Park she hit Eleanor Roosevelt on the bottom with her catapult (弹⼸), for which her father spanked her.D) The studios were full of friends: Orson Welles, with whom she played croquet, Gary Cooper, who did colouringwith her, and the kind camera crews. She loved the strong hands that passed her round like a mascot (吉祥物), and the soft laps on which she was p lumped down (J. Edgar Hoover’s being the softest). The miniature (微型) costumes thrilled her, especially her sailor outfit in “Captain January”, in which she could sashay (神⽓活现地⾛) and jump even better; as did her miniature Oscar in 1935, the only one ever awarded to somebody so young.Grouchy Graham Greene mocked her as “a complete totsy”, but no one watching her five different expressions while eating a forkful of spinach in “Poor Little Rich Girl” doubted that she could act. She did pathos and fierce determination (jutting out thatlittle chin!), just as well as she did smiles.E) Her face was on the Wheaties box. It was also on the special Wheaties blue bowl and pitcher, greeting people atbreakfast like a ray of morning sunshine. Advertisers adored her, from General Electric to Lux soap to Packard cars. After “Stand up and Cheer!” in 1934 dolls appeared wearing her polka-dot dress, and after “Bright Eyes”the music for “The Good Ship Lollipop” was on every piano, as well as everyone’s brains: “Where bon-bons play/ On the sunny beach of Peppermint Bay.”F) Her parents did not tell her there was a Depression on. They mentioned only good things to her. FranklinRoosevelt declared more than once that “America’s Little Darling” made the country feel better, and that pleased her, because she loved to make people happy. She had no idea why they should be otherwise. Her films were all about the sweet child bringing grown-ups back together, emptying misers’ pockets and melting frozen hearts.Like the dog star Rin Tin Tin, to whom she cheerfully compared herself, she was the bounding, unwitting antidote (抵消不愉快事物的事物) to the bleakness of the times.A toss of curlsG) She was as vague about money as any child would, and should, be. Her earnings by 1935 were more than $1,000(now $17,000) a week—from which she was allowed about $13 a month in pocket money—and by the end of her career had sailed past $3m (now $29m). But when she found out later that her father had taken bad financial advice, and that only $44,000 was left in the trusts, she did not blame him. She remembered the motto about spilt milk, and got on with her life.H) Things appeared to dive sharply after 1939, when her teenage face—the darker, straighter hair, the troubledlook—failed to be a box-office draw. She missed the lead in “The Wizard of Oz”, too. She shrugged it off; it meant she could go to a proper school for the first time, at Westlake, which was just as exciting as making movies. By 1950 she had stopped making films altogether; well, it was time. She couldn’t do innocence any more, and that was what the world still wanted. Her first husband was a drunk and a disaster, but the marriage brought her “something beautiful”, her daughter Susan. The second marriage, anyway, lasted 55 years. She lost a race for Congress in 1967: but when that door closed another opened, as an ambassador to Ghana and Czechoslovakia. Breast cancer was a low point, but she learned to cope with it, and helped others to cope. “I don’t like to do negatives,” she told Michael Parkinson. “There are always pluses to things.”I) In the films, her sparkling eyes and chubby (胖乎乎的) open arms included everyone; one toss of her shiny curlswas an invitation to fun. Her trademark was, it turned out, that rare thing in the world, and rarer still in Hollywood: a genuine smile of delight.46. Making movies didn’t deprive Shirley Tem ple of a happy childhood.47. Shirley Temple didn’t blame her father for the huge loss of money she earned.48. Franklin Roosevelt said Shirley Temple helped the US through the Depression.49. After a failed marriage, Shirley Temple had a successful second marriage that lasted 55 years.50. Many companies chose young Shirley Temple as their advertising spokesperson.51. From 1935 to 1938, Shirley Temple was the highest-earning movie star in the world.52. A genuine smile of light is a distinctive characteristic of Shirley Temple.53. Shirley Temple was the only child star who was given a miniature Oscar.54. Three-year-old Shirley Temple learned to control her behaviour after being punished several times.55. Shirley Temple tried to stay positive while overcoming breast cancer.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on thebest choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.We know that some people are dealt a genetically more difficult hand when it comes to obesity, as studies have shown that genes play a role in how we process high-fat and high-sugar diets. Now it’s time to cross fried foods off that list, if you haven’t already.Of course, fried food isn’t good for anyone’s health. But a new study published in the journal BMJ found that eating fried food interacts with genes associated with obesity and can double one’s risk for becoming obese.The researchers studied 37,000 men and women, and had them fill out questionnaires that asked how often they consumed fr ied food. They also assessed the participants’ genetic risk based on 32 different gene variants known to be related to body mass index (BMI) and obesity. Participants who had the highest genetic score for obesity and ate fried foods four or more times a week had a BMI around two pounds greater than those who ate fried foods once a week. But for people with the lowest genetic scores, the differences were closer to one pound. Eating fried food more than four times a week had twice the effect on the body for people at the greatest genetic risk for obesity.But not being genetically predisposed (预先有倾向的) to obesity hardly makes one immune. Another recent study published in BMJ reports that people who are exposed to a lot of takeaway restaurants around their homes or work are more likely to consume those foods, and subsequently more likely to be obese. Other research has shown that food deserts — places where fresh food is hard to come by — contribute to the obesity epidemic as well.“This work provides formal proof of interaction between a combined genetic risk score and environment in obesity,” Ale xandra Blakemore and Dr. Jessica Buxton, professors at Imperial College London wrote in a corresponding editorial. But they’re not exactly hopeful that this knowledge will made a difference. The results “are unlikely to influence public health advice,” they write, “since most of us should be eating fried food more sparingly anyway.”56. What does the author mean by saying “some people are dealt a genetically more difficult hand when it comes to obesity”?A) Some people genetically like high-fat diets.B) Genes play a role in obesity.C) Genes affect the digestive system.D) Some people feel difficult to become obese.57. What do we know about the study published in the journal BMJ?A) It discovered 32 different gene variants related to body mass index.B) The participants studied by the researchers have high genetic risk for obesity.C) It showed the higher genetic risk for obesity people have, the more fried food they consume.D) It studied the relationship between fried food and people’s genetic risk for obesity.58. Which of the following statement is true according to the passage?A) It is much more harmful for people at the greatest genetic risk for obesity to eat fried foods than others.B) Those who are not genetically predisposed to obesity would have no harm to eat fried foods.C) The purpose of the study published in the journal BMJ is to find out how often people consume fried foods.D) People in draught and desert areas are more likely to consume fried foods.59. Which of the following is the factor that would lead to obesity?A) A lack of fried foods. C) Availability of fresh food.B) Genetic risk for obesity. D) Body mass index.60. What do Alexandra Blakemore and Dr. Jessica Buxton think about the studies’ findings?A) They are ridiculous. C) They have little influence.B) They are subjective. D) They are big breakthroughs.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Wild elephants can distinguish between human languages, and they can tell whether a voice comes from a man, woman or boy, a new study says. That’s what researchers found when they played recordings of people for elephants in Kenya. Scientists say this is an advanced thinking skill that other animals haven’t shown. It lets elephants figure out who is a threat and who isn’t.The result shows that while humans are studying elephants, the clever animals are also studying people and drawing on their famed powers of memory, said study author Karen McComb.“Basically they have developed this very rich knowledge of the humans that they share their habitat with,” said McComb, a professor of animal behaviour and cognition at the University of Sussex in England. “Memory is key. They must build up that knowledge s omehow.”The study was released Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.It’s close but not quite like the Dr. Seuss book, where the empathetic elephant Horton hears so mething that others can’t hear.McComb and colleagues went to Amboseli National Park in Kenya, where hundreds of wild elephants live among humans, sometimes coming in conflict over scarce water. The scientists used voice recordings of Maasai men, who on occasion kill elephants in confrontations over grazing for cattle, and Kamba men, who are less of a threat to the elephants.By about a two-to-one margin, the elephants reacted defensively — retreating and gathering in a bunch — more to the Maasai language recording because it was associated with the more threatening human tribe, said study co-author Graeme Shannon of Colour ado State University. “They are making such a fine-level discrimination usinghuman language skills,” Shannon said. “They’re able to acquire quite detailed knowledge. The only way of doing this is with an exceptionally large brain.”They repeated the experiment with recordings of Maasai men and women. Since women almost never spear elephants, the animals reacted less to the women’s voices. The same thing happened when they substituted young boys’ voices.“Making this kind of fine distinctions in human voice patterns is quite remarkable,” said Emory University animal cognition expert Frans de Waal, who was not part of the study.61. What can we know about the ability to distinguish between human languages?A) Scientists believe it is unique to humans.B) Animals have learnt such ability from humans.C) No animal except wild elephants have developed it.D) Studies show that wild animals are born with such ability.62. Which of the following is not true about the study mentioned in the passage?A) It shows wild elephants can hear something that others can’t hear.B) It was conducted in Amboseli National Park in Kenya.C) It involved playing recordings of people for wild elephants.D) It was made public in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.63. Who were the people taking part in the study?A) Frans de Waal and Karen McComb. C) Dr. Seuss and Graeme Shannon.B) Graeme Shannon and Frans de Waal. D) Karen McComb and Graeme Shannon.64. How did the elephants feel of young boys’ voices?A) They are extremely exciting. C) They are less threatening.B) They are very depressing. D) They are gentle and kind.65. What can wild elephants benefit from their special ability?A) Identifying and avoiding possible danger.B) Evolving much faster than any other animals.C) Having a better understanding of humans.D) Developing their language skills.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.莫⾔是第⼀位获得诺贝尔⽂学奖的中国籍作家。

大学英语四级考试最新预测卷一

大学英语四级考试最新预测卷一12月大学英语四级考试最新预测卷一Part ⅠWriting(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: Aid Education in China. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given in Chinese below:1. 每年，高校许多大学生受到鼓舞去贫困地区支教。

2. 支教活动的意义。

3. 我的看法。

提示:在实考试卷中，该试题在答题卡1上。

四级预测试卷及答案

四级考前冲刺试题一Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Is Offering Seats Compulsory for Young Passengers? You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below.1. 有人认为公交车上年轻人必须给老人让座2. 有人认为年轻人没有义务给老人让座3. 你的看法_Part II Reading Comprehension (15 minutes)Eat an Apple (Doctor’s Orders)The farm stand is becoming the new apothecary (药剂师), preparing and giving out apples — not to mention vegetables such as artichokes, asparagus and arugula — to fill a novel kind of prescription.Doctors at three health centers in Massachusetts have begun advising patients to eat “prescription produce” from local farmers’ markets, in an effort to fight o besity (when someone is very fat in a way that is unhealthy) in children of low-income families. Now they will give coupons (赠券) amounting to $1 a day for each member of a patient’s family to promote healthy meals.“A lot of these kids have a very limited range of fruits and vegetables that are acceptable and familiar to them. Potentially, they will try more,” said Dr. Suki Tep perberg, a family physician at Codman Square Health Center in Dorchester, one of the program sites. “The goal is to get them to increase their consumption of fruit and vegetables by one serving a day.”The effort may also help farmers’ markets compete with fast-food restaurants selling dollar value meals. Farmers’ markets do more than $1 billion in annual sales in the United States, according to the Agriculture Department.Massachusetts was one of the first states to promote these markets as hubs of preventive health. In the 1980s, for example, the state began issuing coupons for farmers’ markets to low-income women who were pregnant or breast-feeding or for young children at risk for malnutrition (营养不良). Thirty-six states now have such farmers’ market nutri tion programs aimed at women and young children.Thomas M. Menino, the mayor of Boston, said he believed the new children’s program, in which doctors write vegetable “prescriptions” to be filled at farmers’ markets, was the first of its kind. Doctors will track participants to determine how the program affects their eating patterns and to monitor health indicators like weight and body mass index, he said.“When I go to work in the morning, I see kids standing at the bus stop eating chips and drinking a sod a,” Mr. Menino said in a phone interview earlier this week. “I hope this will help them change their eating habits and lead to a healthier lifestyle.”The mayor’s attention to healthy eating dates to his days as a city councilman. Most recently he has appointed a well-known chef as a food policy director to promote local foods in public schools and to foster market gardens in the city.Although obesity is a complex problem unlikely to be solved just by eating more vegetables, supporters of the vegetable coupon program hope that physician intervention will spur young people to adopt the kind of behavioral changes that can help prevent lifelong obesity.Childhood obesity in the United States costs $14.1 billion annually in direct health expenses like prescription drugs and visits to doctors and emergency rooms, according to a recent article on the economics of childhood obesity published in the journal Health Affairs. Treating obesity-related illness in adults costs an estimated $147 billion annually, the article said.Although the vegetable prescription pilot project is small, its supporters see it as a model for encouraging obese children and their families to increase the volume and variety of fresh produce they eat.“Can we help people in low-income areas, who shop in the center of supermarkets for low-costempty-calorie food, to shop at farmers’ markets by making fruit and vegetables more affordable?” said Gus Schumacher, the chairman of Wholesome Wave, a nonprofit group in Bridgeport, Conn., that supports family farmers and community access to locally grown produce.If the pilot project is successful, Mr. Schumacher said, “farmers’ markets would become like a fruit and vegetable pharmacy (药房) for at-risk families.”The pilot project plans to enroll up to 50 families of four at three health centers in Massachusetts that already have specialized children’s programs called healthy weight clinics.A foundation called CAVU, for Ceiling and Visibility Unlimited, sponsors the clinics that are administering the vegetable project. The Massachusetts Department of Agriculture and Wholesome Wave each contributed $10,000 in seed money. (Another arm of the program, at several health centers in Maine, is giving fresh produce coupons to pregnant mothers.) The program i s to run until the end of the farmers’ market season in late fall.One month after Leslie-Ann Ogiste, a certified nursing assistant in Boston, and her 9-year-old son, Makael Constance, received their first vegetable prescription coupons at the Codman Center, they have lost a combined four pounds, she said. A staff member at the center told Ms. Ogiste about a farmers’ market that is five minutes from her apartment, she said.“It worked wonders,” said Ms. Ogiste, who bought and prepared eggplant, cucumbers,tomatoes, summer squash, corn, bok choy, parsley, carrots and red onions. “Just the variety, it did help.”Ms. Ogiste said she had minced some vegetables and used them in soup, pasta sauce and rice dishes —the better to disguise the new good-for-you foods that she served her son.Makael said he did not mind. “It’s really good,” he said.Some nutrition researchers said that the Massachusetts project had a good chance of improving eating habits in the short term. But, they added, a vegetable prescription program in isolation may not have a long-term influence on reducing obesity. Families may revert to their former habits in the winter when the farmers’ markets are closed, these researchers said, or they may not be able to afford fresh produce after the voucher program ends.Dr. Shikha Anand, the medical director of CAVU’s healthy weight initiative, said the group hoped to make the veggie prescription project a year-round program through partnerships with grocery stores.But people tend to overeat junk food in higher proportion than they undereat vegetables, said Dr. Deborah A. Cohen, a senior natural scientist at the RAND Corporation. So, unless people curtail (减少) excessive consumption of salty and sugary snacks, she said, behavioral changes like eating more fruit and vegetables will have limited effect on obesity.In a recent study led by Dr. Cohen, for example, people in southern Louisiana typically exceeded guidelines for eating salty and sugary foods by 120 percent in the course of a day while falling short of vegetable and fruit consumption by 20 percent.The weight clinics in Massachusetts chosen for the vegetable prescription test project already encourage families to cut down on unhealthy snacks.Even as Ms. Ogiste and her son started shopping a t the farmers’ market and eating more fresh produce, for example, they also cut back on junk food, she said.“We have stopped the snacks. We are drinking more water and less soda and less juice too,” Ms. Ogiste said. “All of that helped.”1. Dr. Suki Tepperberg suggested that many overweight children .A) have consumed too much meatB) dislike fruits and vegetables by natureC) mainly come from wealthy familiesD) will have more vegetables if provided2. Besides poor obese children, the veget able “prescription” program is also helpful for .A) doctors at the health centersB) farmers in the local marketC) restaurants serving fast foodD) manufactures providing concerned medicine3. In the new children’s program, what doctors n eed to do is .A) evaluating the effect of the program B) writing prescriptions at a farm standC) giving vegetable coupons to farmers D) developing novel medicine to fight obesity4. According to the phone interview, why did Thomas M. Menino su pport the current farmers’ marketnutrition programs?A) He hoped to promote local foods in the whole city.B) He wanted to change children’s unhealthy lifestyle.C) He was persuaded by his food policy director to do so.D) He had to fulfill his “healthy eating” promise made years ago.5. Some people support the vegetable coupon program because they think .A) eating more fruits and vegetables can solve the problem of obesityB) the program will encourage overweight children to take more exercisesC) it will save the patients a large amount of money on medical treatmentD) eating habits changed under doctors’ interventions will do patients good6. What do we know about Wholesome Wave from the passage?A) It is a nonprofit group that specializes in weight control.B) It sponsors healthy weight clinics in local farmers’ markets.C) It tries to make fresh food available to poor families.D) It is giving vegetable coupons to pregnant women.7. What happened to Leslie-Ann Ogiste after she got the first vegetable coupons?A) She successfully lost a lot of weight.B) She spent a total of four pounds on vegetables.C) She got her weight down a bit.D) She gained weight due to the variety of the food.8. According to some nutrition researchers, the vegetable prescription program will have limited effecton obesity if carried out _____________________________________.9. To effectively reduce obesity, Dr. Deborah A. Cohen suggested overweight people eat less_____________________________________.10. In Ms. Ogiste and her son’s current diet, fresh vegetables are increased while junk food is_____________________________________.Part III Listening Comprehension(35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A) He does not have a good hearing.B) He has been driving madly for a year.C) He never takes what she says seriously.D) He is always impatient with her.12. A) He is poor at remembering numbers.B) He can’t remember Mary’s phone number.C) He doesn’t know Mary’s phone number at all.D) He doesn’t want to tell her Mary’s phone number.13. A) They should go to see the man’s father.B) A guy named Tom will go to a new place.C) The woman might go with the man to see his mother.D) Going to see the new kid is the best thing they can do.14. A) Their first child is very lovely.B) They don’t want children for the time being.C) They will start a family as soon as they get married.D) Mrs. Smith wishes to have children, but her husband doesn’t.15. A) He has done what he shouldn’t.B) He has done more than enough.C) He has done as much as he could.D) He hasn’t done as much as he could.16. A) The man paid a lot to join the gym.B) The man has been working too hard.C) The man has improved his physical condition.D) The man has paid off his debts through hard work.17. A) Margaret wanted to return some magazines to the woman.B) Margaret wanted to lend some magazines to the woman.C) Margaret wanted to borrow some magazines from the woman.D) Margaret wanted to get some magazines back from the woman.18. A) She didn’t go to the game.B) She also left the game before it was over.C) She’s also curious about who won the game.D) She was sitting right behind the man at the game.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) Everybody’s talking about E-mail nowadays.B) If you don’t have one, you will be out of time.C) It’s the easiest way to communicate with other users.D) It’s printed on every card people exchange with others.20. A) It may not be of a high level of security.B) It cannot contain any commercial information.C) You can only use the free E-mail account at home.D) It is difficult to get access to the website with such service.21. A) Internet Explorer. B) IE and Windows.C) The operating system. D) Additional software.22. A) Print an E-mail address on her card. B) Check her hardware and software.C) Pay the ISP for the E-mail account. D) Try to get a free E-mail account.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A) Tennis sets. B) Computer and TV set.C) Bookcase and book shelf. D) Refrigerator and kitchen stuff.24. A) Sell them to the second-hand bookshop.B) Advertise them on the university notice boards.C) Advertise them in the student newspaper for sale.D) Give them to the second- and third-year students for free.25. A) It may not pay well. B) It may not come on time.C) It may not take the goods. D) It may charge the quote.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) Moved. B) Annoyed.C) Delighted. D) Discouraged.27. A) Ask him for pity. B) Tell him the truth.C) Tell him a white lie. D) Ask others to help you.28. A) Remember all their names. B) Remember just their last names.C) Remember a couple of names first. D) Remember as many names as possible.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. A) Cycling around a lake. B) Motor racing in the desert.C) Playing basketball in a gym. D) Swimming in a sports center.30. A) It is popular in Portugal and Spain.B) It causes water shortages around the world.C) It pollutes the earth with chemicals and wastes.D) It needs water and electricity to keep its courses green.31. A) It is an outdoor sport. B) It improves our health.C) It uses fewer resources. D) It is recommended by experts.32. A) To show people the function of major sports.B) To encourage people to go in for green sports.C) To discuss the major influence of popular sports.D) To introduce different types of environment-friendly sports.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 534. A) To ask the family for help.B) To make a study of financial courses.C) To do research on the price of college.D) To get to know how to ask for financial aid.35. A) To introduce college life.B) To make JohnsonReview popular.C) To help audiences find the right college.D) To suggest ways to prepare for college learning.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Millions of people are enrolled in evening adult education (36) __________ across America. Community colleges have become popular and their (37) __________ have increased rapidly. Large universities are (38) __________ more courses in the evenings for adult students. In this way, the (39) __________ for more education is being met.One reason for this is that many older people are changing their (40) __________. They are looking for different careers. Another reason is that repair costs of many (41) __________ things have recently greatly (42) __________. Adults are taking courses like plumbing and electrical repair. This way they hope that the high costs for repairs can be (43) __________.(44)_________________________________________________________ Engineers, teachers and businessmen are taking adult education classes. They have found that more education is needed to do their jobs well. (45) _____________________________________________________________________. Accounting and business courses are also taken by many adult students. Some students attend classes to earn degrees.(46) ___________________________________________________________________. The lives of many people have been enriched because of adult education.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections:Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.There was a time when red meat was a luxury for ordinary Americans, or was at least something special: cooking a roast for Sunday dinner, ordering a steak at a restaurant. Not anymore. Meat consumption has more than 47 in the United States in the last 50 years.Now a new study of more than 500,000 Americans has provided the best 48 that our love for red meat has exacted a high price on our health and limited our life span. The study found that, other things being 49 , the men and women who consumed the most red and processed meat were likely to die sooner, 50 from one of our two leading killers, heart disease and cancer, than people who consumed much 51 amounts of these foods.To prevent deaths 52 to red and processed meats, people should eat a hamburger only once or twice a week instead of every day, a small steak once a week instead of every other day, and a hot dog every month and a half instead of once a week. In 53 of red meat, non-vegetarians (非素食者) might consider poultry and fish. Likewise, those who ate the most fruits and vegetables also tended to live 54 .Anyone who worries about global well-being has yet another reason to consume less red meat. A reduced 55 on red meat for food could help to save the planet from the 56 effects ofSection BDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.The work on atmospheric chlorofluorocarbons (氯氟化碳) led eventually to a global CFC ban that saved us from ozone-layer reduction. Do we have time to do a similar thing with carbon emissions to save ourselves from climate change?Not a hope at all. Most of the “green” stuff is very close to a big trick. Carbon trading, with its huge government grants, is just what finance and industry wanted. It’s not going to do a thing about climate change, but it’ll make a lot of money for a lot of people and postpone the moment of reckoning.I am not against renewable energy, but to spoil all the decent countryside in the UK with wind farms is driving me mad. It’s absolutely unnecessary, and it takes 2,500 square kilometers to produce a gigawatt (十亿瓦特) —that’s an awful lot of countryside.Work to sequester (隔离) CO2(carbon dioxide) is also a waste of time. It’s a crazy idea — and dangerous. It would take so long and use so much energy that it will not be done.And, nuclear power is a way for the UK to solve its energy problems, but it is not a global cure forclimate change. It is too late for emissions reduction measures.Yet we are not doomed. There is one way we could save ourselves and that is through the massive burial of charcoal (木炭). It would mean farmers turning all their agricultural waste — which contains carbon that the plants have spent the summer sequestering — into charcoal, and burying it in the soil. Then you can start shifting vast quantities of carbon out of the system and pull the CO2 down quite fast.What we can do is getting farmers to burn their crop waste at very low oxygen levels to turn it into charcoal, which the farmer then ploughs into the field. A little CO2 is released but the bulk of it gets converted to carbon. You get a few per cent of bio-fuel as an additional product of the burning process, which the farmer can sell. This scheme would need no subsidy (补贴): the farmer would make a profit. This is the one thing we can do that will make a difference.57. According to the passage, carbon trading .A) probably saves people from climate changeB) benefits some financially but not environmentallyC) has contributed a lot to carbon emissions reductionD) makes huge money for governments around the world58. What does the author say about wind farms in Britain?A) The gain does not equal to the loss.B) They can help solve world’s energy problems.C) They would be perfect if they take up smaller space.D) They will waste the government lots of time and money.59. W hat’s the author’s opinion on nuclear power?A) It’s one of the emission reduction measures that should be advocated.B) It’s only applicable to Britain but not the whole world in emission reduction.C) It’s of no help to the current global climate as a sl ow way to pull CO2 down.D) It’s a good way to solve both the energy and pollution problems in the world.60. To reduce carbon emission fast in the world, the author suggests .A) capturing and sequestering CO2 in the airB) building more nuclear power plantsC) planting more trees to absorbing CO2D) burying burnt crop waste into the field61. According to the passage, one advantage of the author’s proposal is that .A) it can produce charcoal most of which can be used as fuelB) it does n’t involve any international cooperation or negotiationC) it brings extra income to farmers and saves government moneyD) it needs no advanced technology or expensive equipmentPassage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.A few years back, the decision to move the Barnes, a respected American art institution, from its current location in the suburban town of Merion, Pa., to a site in Philadelphia’s museum district caused an argument — not only because it shamelessly went against the will of the founder, Albert C. Barnes, but also because it threatened to dismantle (拆开) a relationship among art, architecture and landscape critical to the Barnes’s success as a museum.For any architect taking on the challenge of the new space, the confusion of moral and design questions might seem overwhelming. What is an architect’s responsibility to Barnes’s vision of a marvelous but odd collection of early Modern artworks housed in a rambling(布局凌乱的) 1920s Beaux-Arts pile? Is it possible to reproduce its spirit in such a changed setting? Or does trying to replicate (复制) the Barnes’s unique atmosphere only doom you to failure? The answers of the New York architects taking the commission are not reassuring.The new Barnes will include many of the features that have become virtually mandatory (强制性的) in the museum world today —conservation and education departments, temporary exhibition space, auditorium, bookstore, café— making it four times the size of the old Barnes. The architects have tried to compensate for this by laying out these spaces in an elaborate architectural procession that is clearly intended to replicate the peacefulness, if not the fantastic charm, of the old museum.But the result is a complicated design. Almost every detail seems to ache from the strain of trying to preserve the spirit of the original building in a very different context. The failure to do so, despite such an earnest effort, is the strongest argument yet for why the Barnes should not be moved in the first place.The old Barnes is by no means an obvious model for a great museum. Inside the lighting is far from perfect, and the collection itself, mixing masterpieces by Cézanne, Picasso and Soutine with second-rate paintings by lesser-known artists, has a distinctly odd flavor. But these apparent flaws are also what have made the Barnes one of the country’s most charming exhibition spaces.But today the new Barnes is after a different kind of audience. Although museum officials say the existing limits on crowd size will be kept, it is clearly meant to draw bigger numbers and more tourist dollars. For most visitors the relationship to the art will feel less immediate.62. The Old Barnes becomes the successful museum mainly because of .A) the beneficial geographical position in a suburban townB) its unique design and orderly collection of artsC) the influence of its founder Albert C. BarnesD) the perfect connection among art, architecture and landscape63. The biggest challenge architects face in building the new Barnes is .A) the ethical and design problemsB) the difficulty to retain its original peacefulnessC) the lack of confidence in undertaking the taskD) the difficulty to put all the artworks in a smaller space64. According to the passage, the new Barnes will .A) be completely the same as the old one B) take up more space than the old oneC) be changed into an art education center D) be forced to be modern in appearance65. Why does the author oppose to relocate the Barnes?A) The relocation means disrespect to the person who runs it.B) Architectures’ complicated desi gn will make the museum charmless.C) The spirit of the old Barnes will be gone in a different place.D) The multiple functions of the new Barnes will destroy the collection.66. What do we know about the old Barnes from the fifth paragraph?A) It is a good example of the great modern museums.B) It is downgraded by the mixture of different paintings.C) The world-famous painters’ works make it a charming place.D) It is the seeming imperfection that makes it attractive.Part V Cloze (15 minutes)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.How men first learned to invent words is unknown; in other words, the origin of language is a 67 . All we really know is that men, unlikea n i m a l s,s o m e h o w i n v e n t e d c e r t a i n68 to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things, so that they could communicate with e a c h other; and that later they agreed 69 certain 67. A) myth B) wonderC) mystery D) peculiarity68. A) sounds B) gesturesC) signs D) movements69. A) in B) withC) of D) upon70. A) spelt B) combinedC) related D) copiedsigns, called letters, which could be 70 to represent those sounds, and which could be handed 71 . Those sounds, whether spoken, 72 written in letters, we call words.The power of words, then, lies in their 73 —the things they bring up before our minds. Words become 74 with meaning for us by experience; and the 75 we live, the more certain words 76 to us the happy and sad 77 of our past; and the more we read and learn, the more the number of words that mean something to us 78 .Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal 79 to our minds and emotions. This 80 and telling use of words is what we call 81 style. 82 all, the real poet is a master of words. He can 83 his meaning in words which sing like music, and 84 by their position and association can 85 men to tears. We should, 86 , learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will make our speech or writing silly and vulgar. 71. A) down B) outC) by D) off72. A) and B) yetC) also D) or73. A) functions B) associationsC) roles D) links74. A) filled B) fullC) live D) active75. A) happier B) sadderC) shorter D) longer76. A) reappear B) recallC) remember D) recollect77. A) incidents B) casesC) events D) affairs78. A) raises B) increasesC) improves D) emerges79. A) intensively B) extensivelyC) broadly D) powerfully80. A) charming B) academicC) conventional D) common81. A) written B) spokenC) literary D) dramatic82. A) Over B) AfterC) At D) Above83. A) transfer B) communicateC) convey D) transmit84. A) which B) thatC) what D) how85. A) engage B) makeC) move D) force86. A) therefore B) howeverC) furthermore D) neverthelessPart VI Translation (5 minutes)Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2.87. Medical research has shown that the widespread use of cigarettes___________________________ (促进了癌症的增加).88. While people may refer to television for up-to-the-minute news, ___________________________(电视完全取代报纸是不可能的).89. I don’t think it advisable that Tom ___________________________ (被委以该职) since he has noexperience.90We gave out a cheer when the red roof of the cottage ___________________________ (映入眼帘).91. Frankly speaking, I’d rather you ___________________________ (别为这做任何事) for the timebeing.。

大学英语四级测验模拟试卷及参考答案(第一套)

大学英语四级测验模拟试卷及参考答案(第一套)————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：大学英语四级考试模拟试卷及参考答案(第一套）Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is foll owed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are fou r choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and ma rk the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.There is a difference between science and technology. Science is a method o f answering theoretical questions; technology is a method of solving practical problems. Science has to do with discovering the facts and relationships betwee n observable phenomena in nature and with establishing theories that serve to o rganize these facts and relationships; technology has to do with tools, techniq ues, and procedures for implementing the finding of science.Another distinction between science and technology has to do with the progr ess in each.Progress in science excludes the human factor. Scientists, who seek to comp rehend the universe and know the truth within the highest degree of accuracy an d certainty, cannot pay attention to their own or other people's likes or disli kes or to popular ideas about the fitness of things. What scientists discover m ay shock or anger people-as did Darwin's theory of evolution. But even an unple asant truth is more than likely to be useful; besides, we have the choice of re fusing to believe it! But hardly so with technology; we do not have the choiceof refusing to hear the sonic boom produced by a supersonic aircraft flying ove rhead; we do not have the option of refusing to breathe polluted air; and we do not have the option of living in a non-atomic age. Unlike science progress, te chnology must be measured in terms of the human factor. The legitimate purpose of technology is to serve people in general, not merely some people; and future generations, not merely those who presently wish to gain advantage for themsel ves. Technology must be humanistic if it is to lead to a better world.21. The difference between science and technology lies in that _____.A) the former provides answers to theoretical questions while the latter to practical problemsB) the former seeks to comprehend the universe while the latter helps chang e the material worldC) the former aims to discover the inter-connections of facts and the rules that explain them while the latter, to discover new designs and ways of making the things we use in our daily lifeD) all of the above22. Which of the following may be representative of science?A) The improvement of people's life.B) The theory of people's life.C) Farming tools.D) Mass production.23. According to the author, scientific theories _____.A) must be strictly objectiveB) usually take into consideration people's likes and dislikesC) should conform to popular opinionsD) always appear in perfect and finished forms24. The author states that technology itself _____.A) is responsible for widespread pollution and resource exhaustionB) should serve those who wish to gain advantage for themselvesC) will lead to a better world if put to wise useD) will inevitably be for bad purpose25. The tone of the author in this passage is _____.A) positive B) negative C) factual D) critical Passage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Americans have always been ambivalent in their attitudes toward education. On the one hand, free and universal public education was seen as necessary in a democracy, for how else would citizens learn how to govern themselves in a res ponsible way? On the other hand, America was always a country that offered fina ncial opportunities for which education was not needed: on the road from rags t o riches, schooling-beyond the basics of reading, writing, and arithmetic-was a n unnecessary detour.Even today, it is still possible for people to achieve financial success wi thout much education, but the number of situations in which this is possible is decreasing. In today's more complex world, the opportunities for financial suc cess is closely related to the need for education, especially higher education.Our society is rapidly becoming one whose chief product is information, and dealing with this information requires more and more specialized education. In other words, we grow up learning more and more about fewer and fewer subjects.In the future, this trend is likely to continue. Tomorrow's world will be e ven more complex than today's world, and, to manage this complexity, even more specialized education will be needed.26. The topic treated in this passage is _____.A) education in general B) Americans' attitudesC) higher education D) American education27. Americans' attitudes toward education have always been _____.A) certain B) contradictory C) ambitious D) unclear28. Today, financial success is closely related to the need for _____.A) higher education B) public education C) responsible citizens D) learning the basics29. It can be inferred from the third paragraph that _____.A) information is our only productB) education in the future will be specializedC) we are entering an age of informationD) we are living in an age of information30. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A) The History of American Education.B) The Need for Specialized Education.C) The Future of the American Educational System.D) Attitudes toward American Education. Passage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.A growing world population and the discoveries of science may alter this pa ttern of distribution in the future. As men slowly learn to master diseases, co ntrol floods, prevent famines, and stop wars, fewer people die every year; andin consequence the population of the world is steadily increasing. In 1925 ther e were about 2,000 million people in the world; by the end of the century there may well be over 4,000 million.When numbers rise the extra mouths must be fed. New lands must be brought u nder cultivation, or land already farmed made to yield larger crops. In some ar eas the accessible land is so intensively cultivated that it will be difficult to make it provide more food. In some areas the population is so dense that the land is parceled out in units too tiny to allow for much improvement in farmin g methods. Were a large part of this farming population drawn off into industri al occupations, the land might be farmed much more productively by modern metho ds. There is now a race for science, technology, and industry to keep the outpu t of food rising faster than the number of people to be fed. New strains of cro ps are being developed which will thrive in unfavorable climates: there are now farms beyond the Arctic Circle in Siberia and North America; irrigation and dr y-farming methods bring arid lands under the plough, dams hold back the waters of great rivers to ensure water for the fields in all seasons and to provide el ectric power for new industries; industrial chemistry provides fertilizers to s uit particular soils; aeroplanes spray crops to destroy locusts and many plant diseases. Every year some new means is devised to increase or to protect the fo od of the world.31. The author says that the world population is growing because _____.A) there are many rich valleys and fertile plainsB) the pattern of distribution is being alteredC) people are living longerD) new land is being brought under cultivation32. The author says that in densely populated areas the land might be more productively farmed if _____.A) the plots were subdividedB) a large part of the people moved to a different part of the countryC) industrial methods were used in farmingD) the units of land were made much larger33. We are told that there are now farms beyond the Arctic Circle. This has been made possible by _____.A) producing new strains of cropsB) irrigation and dry-farming methodsC) providing fertilizersD) destroying pests and disease34. Which of these words is nearest in meaning to the word "strains"?A) types B) sizes C) seeds D) harvests35. The author's main purpose is to _____.A) argue for a belief B) describe a phenomenonC) entertain D) propose a conclusion Passage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies-and other creatu res-learn to do things because certain acts lead to "rewards"; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological(生理的) "drives" as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort of physical comfort, no t otherwise.It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways th at produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to "reward" the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning th e head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned respon se with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children's responses in situations where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as you ng as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movem ent "switched on" a display of lights-and indeed that they were capable of lear ning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side.Papousek's light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to wat ch the lights closely although they would "smile and bubble" when the display c ame on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights wh ich pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.36. According to the author, babies learn to do things which . A) are direc tly related to pleasure B) will meet their physical needsC) will bring them a feeling of success D) will satisfy their curiosity37. Papousek noticed in his studies that a baby .A) would make learned responses when it saw the milkB) would carry out learned movements when it had enough to drinkC) would continue the simple movements without being given milkD) would turn its head to right or left when it had enough to drink38. In Papousek's experiment babies make learned movements of the head in o rder to .A) have the lights turned onB) be rewarded with milkC) please their parentsD) be praised39. The babies would "smile and bubble" at the lights because .A) the lights were directly related to some basic "drives"B) the sight of the lights was interestingC) they need not turn back to watch the lightsD) they succeeded in "switching on" the lights40. According to Papousek, the pleasure babies get in achieving something i s a reflection of .A) a basic human desire to understand and control the worldB) the satisfaction of certain physiological needsC) their strong desire to solve complex problemsD) a fundamental human urge to display their learned skillsPart III Vocabulary (20 minutes)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each senten ce there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer S heet with a single line through the center.41. It's the in this country to go out and pick flower on the first day of spring.A) case B) custom C) habit D) precedent42. He didn't take the flat because he couldn't afford the .A) hire B) fare C) rent D) salary43. I've made an for you to see the dentist at 5 o'clock tomorrow.A) appointment B) interview C) opportunity D) assignation44. The house was poorly built; for , the roof leaked.A) short B) certain C) one thing D) sure45. the weather is concerned, I do not think it matters.A) So long as B) So far as C) As long as D) So far46. The continuous rain set the harvesting of wheat by two weeks.A) off B) back C) down D) about47. The helicopter hovered the trees.A) in B) over C) down D) up48.The mother made a shirt for the boy out of the of the cloth.A) odd and end B) odd and ends C) odds and end D) odds and ends49. Let's get this old barn. It's of no use to us.A) over B) ready C) rid of D) used to50. George's ability to learn from observations and experience greatly to h is success in public life.A) owed B) contributed C) attached D) related51. I asked him where my sister was, and he the store across the street.A) nodded B) indicated C) figured D) guessed52. They are staying with us the time being until they find a place of thei r own.A) during B) for C) since D) in53. 100 competitors had the race.A) put their names for B) entered forC) put themselves for D) taken part54. He me by two games to one.A) beat B) conquered C) gained D) won55. They have put the bird in a cage to it from flying away.A) avoid B) prevent C) forbid D) control56. In recent years, new buildings have up like mushrooms in the city.A) jumped B) sprung C) leapt D) put57. I from among the crowd an old friend of mine whom I hadn't seen for ten years.A) figured out B) picked out C) realized D) picked over58. I thought he'd never anything, but it's turned out that I was wrong.A) arrive B) amount to C) reach for D) add to59. He managed to pay off his debts.A) anyhow or other B) anyhow or anotherC) somehow or other D) somehow or another60. You'd better not Mr. Ganz. He may get angry.A) play a joke on B) play outC) play into the hands of D) play at61. We existed on nothing but the necessities.A) empty B) bare C) hollow D) undressed62. The seasons change, independent anyone's wishes.A) on B) to C) with D) of63. The mail was for two days because of the snowstorm.A) misled B) lost C) delayed D) damaged64. He has been absent class for quite some time.A) in B) for C) with D) from65. I owe a great deal my parents and teachers.A) to B) for C) toward D) of66. We must manage to do our work better with people.A) less money and few B) less money and fewerC) little money and less D) few money and less67. Mr. Black is to our English evening.A) more pleased than to come B) more pleased to come thanC) more than pleased to come D) more pleasing than to come68. You that car with the brakes out of order. You might have had a serious accident.A) ought to drive B) oughtn't do driveC) ought to have driven D) oughtn't to have driven69. If it for their support, we would be in a very difficult position.A) is not B) weren't C) was not D) be not70. If only we as we were told! This would never have happened.A) would do B) had done C) do D) didPart IV Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank th ere are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that b est fits into the passage.Everyone ___71___ of the President of the US ___72___ the most powerful man in ___73___. But when the representatives of the 13 former British colonies __ _74___ to draw up the constitution of the new country ___75___ 1788, ___76___ o f them were not sure whether they ___77___ to have a President at all. There we re even ___78___ who ___79___ a king, ___80___ their successful war against the British king, George III. The decision was in doubt ___81___ the last moment. One group wanted ___82___ for life, while ___83___ suggested that ___84___ not be a President, because a Committee would govern the country better; a third gr oup ___85___ a President ___86___ term of office would last seven years but who could not stand for reelection, because they were afraid he would spend his ti me ___87___ votes at the next election. In the end they chose George Washington as President for four years and let him ___88___ for reelection because they t rusted him. But they were ___89___ to make rules in case a future President ___ 90___ badly and these rules were used to get rid of President Nixon two hundred s years later.71. A) use to think B) think C) thinks D) uses to think72. A) to be B) being C) like D) as73. A) western world B) the western world C) accident D) the accident74. A) found B) met C) encountered D) put together75. A) at B) by C) on D) in76. A) a number B) a great deal C) a large amount D) the most77. A) should B) would C) needed D) must78. A) few B) a few C) little D) a little79. A) had preferred B) would have preferredC) should have preferred D) were preferring80. A) although B) however C) nevertheless D) in spite of81. A) until B) as far as C) so far as D) by82. A) that the President was elected B) that the President would be electe dC) to elect the PresidentD) to be elected the President83. A) another B) other C) the other D) some other84. A) it should B) it would C) there should D) there would85. A) would have liked B) would rather C) would like D) would be liking86. A) that's B) whose C) which D) of which87. A) looking for B) to look for C) to look at D) looking at88. A) stand B) to stand C) be standing D) that he stood89. A) so careful B) too careful C) careful enough D) enough careful90. A) would carry B) carried C) would behave D) behavedPart V Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a compos ition on the topic "The Expenses of an Average Worker". You should study the fo llowing table carefully and base your composition on the outlines given below. You should write at least 100 words.1. The changes in the worker's expenses from 1990 to 2000.2. The possible reasons for the changes.3. My prediction.The Expenses of an Average Worker2015年6月大学英语四级考试模拟试卷参考答案(第一套）21-25. DBACC 26-30. DBABD 31. CDAAA 36-40. CCADA41-45. BCACB 46-50. BBDCB 51-55. BBBAB 56-60. BBBCA61-65. BDCDA 66-70. BCDBB 71-75. CDBBD 76-80. ACBBD81-85. ACACC 86-90. BAACC。

英语四级最新预测卷一(含答案)02

最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：/ielts/xd.html（报名网址）Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear a passage three times.When the passage is read for the first time,you should listen carefully for its general idea.When the passage is read for the second time,you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard.For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information.For these blanks,you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in you own words.Finally, when the passage is read for the third time,you should check what you have written.提示:在实考试卷中，该试题在答题卡2上。

If parents bring up a child with the aim of turning the child into a (36) , they will cause a (37) . According to several leading (38) psychologists, this is one of the biggest mistakes which ambitious parents make.Generally, the child will be only too (39) of what the parent expects, and will fail. Unrealistic parental expectations can cause great (40)to children. However, if parents are not too (41) about what they expect their children to do, but are ambitious in a sensible way, the child may (42) in doing very well—especially if the parents are very (43) of their child.Michael Li is very lucky. (44) .Although Michael’s mother knows very little about music, Michael’s father plays the trumpet in a large orchestra. However, he never makes Michael enter music competitions if he is unwilling.Michael’s friend, Winston Chen, however, is not so lucky.(45) .They want their son to be as successful as they are and so they enter him in every piano competition held. They are very unhappy when he does not win.“(46) ”. Winston’s father tells him. Winston is always afraid that he will disappoint his parents and now he always seems quiet and unhappy.Part ⅣReading Comprehension（Reading in Depth）（25 minutes）Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.If our society ever needed a reading renaissance（复兴）, it’s now. The National Endowment for the Arts released “Reading at Risk” last year, a study showing that adult reading47 have dropped 10 percentage points in the past decade, with the steepest drop among those 18 to 24. “Only one half of young people read a book of any kind in 2002. We set the bar almost on the ground. If you read one short story in a teen—ager magazine, that would have48 ,” laments a director of research and analysis. He49 the loss of readers to the booming world of technology, which attracts would—be leisure readers to E—mail, IM chats, and video games and leaves them with no time to cope with a novel.“These new forms of media undoubtedly have some benefits,” says Steven Johnson, author of Everything Bad Is Good for You.Video games50 problem—solving skills; TV shows promote mental gymnastics by51 viewers to follow complex story lines. But books offer experience that can’t be gained from these other sources, from52 vocabulary to stretching the imagination. “If they’re not reading at all,” says Johnson, “that’s a huge problem.”In fact, fewer kids are reading for pleasure. According to data53 last week from the National Center for Educational Statistic’s long—term trend assessment, the number of 17—year—olds who reported never or hardly ever reading for fun54 from 9 percent in 1984 to 19 percent in 2004. At the same time, the55 of 17—year—olds who read daily dropped from 31 to 22.This slow but steady retreat from books has not yet taken a toll on reading ability. Scores for the nation’s youth have56 constant over the past two decades (with an encouraging upswing among 9—year—olds). But given the strong apparent correlation between pleasure reading and reading skills, this means poorly for the future.Section BDirections:There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D) .You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.There is a new type of small advertisement becoming increasingly common in newspaper classified columns. It is sometimes placed among “situations vacant”, although it does not offer anyone a job, and sometimes it appears among “situationswanted”, although it is not placed by someone looking for a job, either. What it does is to offer help in applying for a job.“Contact us before writing your application”, or “Make use of our long experience in preparing your curriculum vitae or job history”, is how it is usually expressed. The growth and apparent success of such a specialized service is, of course, a reflection on the current high levels of unemployment. It is also an indication of the growing importance of the curriculum vitae (or job history), with the suggestion that it may now qualify as an art form in its own right.There was a time when job seekers simply wrote letters of application. “Just put down your name, address, age and whether you have passed any exams”, was about the average level of advice offered to young people applying for their first jobs when I left school. The letter was really just for openers, it was explained, everything else could and should be saved for the interview. And in those days of full employment the technique worked. The letter proved that you could write and were available for work. Your eager face and intelligent replies did the rest.Later, as you moved up the ladder, something slightly more sophisticated was called for. The advice then was to put something in the letter which would distinguish you from the rest. It might be the aggressive approach. “Your search is over. I am the person you are looking for”, was a widely used trick that occasionally succeeded. Or it might be some special feature specially designed for the job interview.There is no doubt, however, that it is increasing number of applicants with university education at all points in the process of engaging staff that has led to the greater importance of the curriculum vitae.57. The new type of advertisement which is appearing in newspaper columns.A）informs job hunters of the opportunities availableB）promises to offer useful advice to those looking for employmentC）divides available jobs into various typesD）informs employers of the people available for work58. Nowadays a demand for this specialized type of service has been created because .A）there is a lack of jobs available for artistic peopleB）there are so many top level jobs availableC）there are so many people out of workD）the job history is considered to be a work of art59. In the past it was expected that first job hunters would .A) write an initial letter giving their life historyB) pass some exams before applying for a jobC) have no qualifications other than being able to read and writeD) keep any detailed information until they obtained an interview60. Later, as one went on to apply for more important jobs, one was advised to include in the letter .A) something that would distinguish one from other applicantsB) hinted information about the personality of the applicantC) one’s advantages over others in applying for the jobD) an occasional trick with the aggressive approach61. The curriculum vitae has become such an important document because .A) there has been an increase in the number of jobs advertisedB) there has been an increase in the number of applicants with degreesC) jobs are becoming much more complicated nowadaysD) the other processes of applying for jobs are more complicatedPassage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.In cities with rent control, the city government sets the maximum rent that a landlord can charge for an apartment. Supporters of rent control argue that it protects people who are living in apartments. Their rent cannot increase; therefore, they are not in danger of losing their homes. However, the critics say that after a long time, rent control may have negative effects. Landlords know that they cannot increase their profits. Therefore, they invest in other businesses where they can increase their profits. They do not invest in new buildings which would also be rent—controlled. As a result, new apartments are not built. Many people who need apartments cannot find any. According to the critics, the end result of rent control is a shortage of apartments in the city.Some theorists argue that the minimum wage law can cause problems in the same way. The federal government sets the minimum that an employer must pay workers. The minimum helps people who generally look for unskilled, low—paying jobs. However, if the minimum is high, employers may hire fewer workers. They will replace workers with machinery. The price, which is the wage that employers must pay, increases. Therefore,other things being equal, the number of workers that employers want decreases. Thus, critics claim, an increase in the minimum wage may cause unemployment. Some poor people may find themselves without jobs instead of with jobs at the minimum wage.Supporters of the minimum wage say that it helps people keep their dignity. Because of the law, workers cannot sell their services for less than the minimum. Furthermore, employers cannot force workers to accept jobs at unfair wages.Economic theory predicts the results of economic decisions such as decisions about farm production, rent control, and the minimum wage. The predictions may be correct only if “other things are equal”. Economists do not agree on some of the predictions. They also do not agree on the value of different decisions. Some economists support a particular decision while others criticize it. Economists do agree, however, that there are no simple answers to economic questions.62. There is the possibility that setting maximum rent may .A) cause a shortage of apartmentsB) worry those who rent apartments as homesC) increase the profits of landlordsD) encourage landlords to invest in building apartment63. According to the critics, rent control .A) will always benefit those who rent apartmentsB) is unnecessaryC) will bring negative effects in the long runD) is necessary under all circumstances64. The problem of unemployment will arise .A) if the minimum wage is set too highB) if the minimum wage is set too lowC) if the workers are unskilledD) if the maximum wage is set65. The passage tells us .A) the relationship between supply and demandB) the possible results of government controlsC) the necessity of government controlD) the urgency of getting rid of government controls66. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A) The results of economic decisions can not always be predicted.B) Minimum wage can not always protect employees.C) Economic theory can predict the results of economic decisions if other factorsare not changing.D) Economic decisions should not be based on economic theory.Part ⅤCloze (15 minutes)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage.For each blank there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D) on the right side of the paper.You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.In recent years, more and more foreigners are involved in the teaching programs of the United States. Both the advantages and the disadvantages67 using foreign faculty(教师总称）68 teaching positions haveto be69 , of course. It can be said that the foreign70 that makes the faculty member from abroad anasset also71 problems of adjustment, both for the university and for the individual. The foreign research scholar usually isolates72 in the laboratory as a means of protection;73 , what he needs is to be fitted74 a highly organized university system quite differentfrom75 at home. He is faced in his daily work76 differences in philosophy, arrangements of courses and methods of teaching. Both the visiting professor and his students77 a common ground in each other’s cultures, some78 of what is already in the minds ofAmerican students is79 for the foreign professor.While helping him to80 himself to his newenvironment, the university must also81 certain“成千上万人疯狂下载。

大学英语四级考试模拟试卷及参考答案(第一套)

2021年6月大学英语四级考试模拟试卷及参考答案(第一套〕Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is foll owed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are fou r choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and ma rk the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.There is a difference between science and technology. Science is a method o f answering theoretical questions; technology is a method of solving practical problems. Science has to do with discovering the facts and relationships betwee n observable phenomena in nature and with establishing theories that serve to o rganize these facts and relationships; technology has to do with tools, techniq ues, and procedures for implementing the finding of science.Another distinction between science and technology has to do with the progr ess in each.Progress in science excludes the human factor. Scientists, who seek to comp rehend the universe and know the truth within the highest degree of accuracy an d certainty, cannot pay attention to their own or other people's likes or disli kes or to popular ideas about the fitness of things. What scientists discover m ay shock or anger people-as did Darwin's theory of evolution. But even an unple asant truth is more than likely to be useful; besides, we have the choice of re fusing to believe it! But hardly so with technology; we do not have the choiceof refusing to hear the sonic boom produced by a supersonic aircraft flying ove rhead; we do not have the option of refusing to breathe polluted air; and we do not have the option of living in a non-atomic age. Unlike science progress, te chnology must be measured in terms of the human factor. The legitimate purpose of technology is to serve people in general, not merely some people; and future generations, not merely those who presently wish to gain advantage for themsel ves. Technology must be humanistic if it is to lead to a better world.21. The difference between science and technology lies in that _____.A) the former provides answers to theoretical questions while the latter to practical problemsB) the former seeks to comprehend the universe while the latter helps chang e the material worldC) the former aims to discover the inter-connections of facts and the rules that explain them while the latter, to discover new designs and ways of making the things we use in our daily lifeD) all of the above22. Which of the following may be representative of science?A) The improvement of people's life.B) The theory of people's life.C) Farming tools.D) Mass production.23. According to the author, scientific theories _____.A) must be strictly objectiveB) usually take into consideration people's likes and dislikesC) should conform to popular opinionsD) always appear in perfect and finished forms24. The author states that technology itself _____.A) is responsible for widespread pollution and resource exhaustionB) should serve those who wish to gain advantage for themselvesC) will lead to a better world if put to wise useD) will inevitably be for bad purpose25. The tone of the author in this passage is _____.A) positive B) negative C) factual D) critical Passage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Americans have always been ambivalent in their attitudes toward education. On the one hand, free and universal public education was seen as necessary in a democracy, for how else would citizens learn how to govern themselves in a res ponsible way? On the other hand, America was always a country that offered fina ncial opportunities for which education was not needed: on the road from rags t o riches, schooling-beyond the basics of reading, writing, and arithmetic-was a n unnecessary detour.Even today, it is still possible for people to achieve financial success wi thout much education, but the number of situations in which this is possible is decreasing. In today's more complex world, the opportunities for financial suc cess is closely related to the need for education, especially higher education.Our society is rapidly becoming one whose chief product is information, and dealing with this information requires more and more specialized education. In other words, we grow up learning more and more about fewer and fewer subjects.In the future, this trend is likely to continue. Tomorrow's world will be e ven more complex than today's world, and, to manage this complexity, even more specialized education will be needed.26. The topic treated in this passage is _____.A) education in general B) Americans' attitudesC) higher education D) American education27. Americans' attitudes toward education have always been _____.A) certain B) contradictory C) ambitious D) unclear28. Today, financial success is closely related to the need for _____.A) higher education B) public education C) responsible citizens D) learning the basics29. It can be inferred from the third paragraph that _____.A) information is our only productB) education in the future will be specializedC) we are entering an age of informationD) we are living in an age of information30. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A) The History of American Education.B) The Need for Specialized Education.C) The Future of the American Educational System.D) Attitudes toward American Education. Passage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.A growing world population and the discoveries of science may alter this pa ttern of distribution in the future. As men slowly learn to master diseases, co ntrol floods, prevent famines, and stop wars, fewer people die every year; andin consequence the population of the world is steadily increasing. In 1925 ther e were about 2,000 million people in the world; by the end of the century there may well be over 4,000 million.When numbers rise the extra mouths must be fed. New lands must be brought u nder cultivation, or land already farmed made to yield larger crops. In some ar eas the accessible land is so intensively cultivated that it will be difficult to make it provide more food. In some areas the population is so dense that the land is parceled out in units too tiny to allow for much improvement in farmin g methods. Were a large part of this farming population drawn off into industri al occupations, the land might be farmed much more productively by modern metho ds. There is now a race for science, technology, and industry to keep the outpu t of food rising faster than the number of people to be fed. New strains of cro ps are being developed which will thrive in unfavorable climates: there are now farms beyond the Arctic Circle in Siberia and North America; irrigation and dr y-farming methods bring arid lands under the plough, dams hold back the waters of great rivers to ensure water for the fields in all seasons and to provide el ectric power for new industries; industrial chemistry provides fertilizers to s uit particular soils; aeroplanes spray crops to destroy locusts and many plant diseases. Every year some new means is devised to increase or to protect the fo od of the world.31. The author says that the world population is growing because _____.A) there are many rich valleys and fertile plainsB) the pattern of distribution is being alteredC) people are living longerD) new land is being brought under cultivation32. The author says that in densely populated areas the land might be more productively farmed if _____.A) the plots were subdividedB) a large part of the people moved to a different part of the countryC) industrial methods were used in farmingD) the units of land were made much larger33. We are told that there are now farms beyond the Arctic Circle. This has been made possible by _____.A) producing new strains of cropsB) irrigation and dry-farming methodsC) providing fertilizersD) destroying pests and disease34. Which of these words is nearest in meaning to the word "strains"?A) types B) sizes C) seeds D) harvests35. The author's main purpose is to _____.A) argue for a belief B) describe a phenomenonC) entertain D) propose a conclusion Passage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies-and other creatu res-learn to do things because certain acts lead to "rewards"; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological(生理的) "drives" as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort of physical comfort, no t otherwise.It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways th at produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to "reward" the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning th e head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned respon se with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children's responses in situations where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as you ng as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movem ent "switched on" a display of lights-and indeed that they were capable of lear ning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side.Papousek's light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to wat ch the lights closely although they would "smile and bubble" when the display c ame on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights wh ich pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.36. According to the author, babies learn to do things which . A) are direc tly related to pleasure B) will meet their physical needsC) will bring them a feeling of success D) will satisfy their curiosity37. Papousek noticed in his studies that a baby .A) would make learned responses when it saw the milkB) would carry out learned movements when it had enough to drinkC) would continue the simple movements without being given milkD) would turn its head to right or left when it had enough to drink38. In Papousek's experiment babies make learned movements of the head in o rder to .A) have the lights turned onB) be rewarded with milkC) please their parentsD) be praised39. The babies would "smile and bubble" at the lights because .A) the lights were directly related to some basic "drives"B) the sight of the lights was interestingC) they need not turn back to watch the lightsD) they succeeded in "switching on" the lights40. According to Papousek, the pleasure babies get in achieving something i s a reflection of .A) a basic human desire to understand and control the worldB) the satisfaction of certain physiological needsC) their strong desire to solve complex problemsD) a fundamental human urge to display their learned skillsPart III Vocabulary (20 minutes)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each senten ce there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer S heet with a single line through the center.41. It's the in this country to go out and pick flower on the first day of spring.A) case B) custom C) habit D) precedent42. He didn't take the flat because he couldn't afford the .A) hire B) fare C) rent D) salary43. I've made an for you to see the dentist at 5 o'clock tomorrow.A) appointment B) interview C) opportunity D) assignation44. The house was poorly built; for , the roof leaked.A) short B) certain C) one thing D) sure45. the weather is concerned, I do not think it matters.A) So long as B) So far as C) As long as D) So far46. The continuous rain set the harvesting of wheat by two weeks.A) off B) back C) down D) about47. The helicopter hovered the trees.A) in B) over C) down D) up48.The mother made a shirt for the boy out of the of the cloth.A) odd and end B) odd and ends C) odds and end D) odds and ends49. Let's get this old barn. It's of no use to us.A) over B) ready C) rid of D) used to50. George's ability to learn from observations and experience greatly to h is success in public life.A) owed B) contributed C) attached D) related51. I asked him where my sister was, and he the store across the street.A) nodded B) indicated C) figured D) guessed52. They are staying with us the time being until they find a place of thei r own.A) during B) for C) since D) in53. 100 competitors had the race.A) put their names for B) entered forC) put themselves for D) taken part54. He me by two games to one.A) beat B) conquered C) gained D) won55. They have put the bird in a cage to it from flying away.A) avoid B) prevent C) forbid D) control56. In recent years, new buildings have up like mushrooms in the city.A) jumped B) sprung C) leapt D) put57. I from among the crowd an old friend of mine whom I hadn't seen for ten years.A) figured out B) picked out C) realized D) picked over58. I thought he'd never anything, but it's turned out that I was wrong.A) arrive B) amount to C) reach for D) add to59. He managed to pay off his debts.A) anyhow or other B) anyhow or anotherC) somehow or other D) somehow or another60. You'd better not Mr. Ganz. He may get angry.A) play a joke on B) play outC) play into the hands of D) play at61. We existed on nothing but the necessities.A) empty B) bare C) hollow D) undressed62. The seasons change, independent anyone's wishes.A) on B) to C) with D) of63. The mail was for two days because of the snowstorm.A) misled B) lost C) delayed D) damaged64. He has been absent class for quite some time.A) in B) for C) with D) from65. I owe a great deal my parents and teachers.A) to B) for C) toward D) of66. We must manage to do our work better with people.A) less money and few B) less money and fewerC) little money and less D) few money and less67. Mr. Black is to our English evening.A) more pleased than to come B) more pleased to come thanC) more than pleased to come D) more pleasing than to come68. You that car with the brakes out of order. You might have had a serious accident.A) ought to drive B) oughtn't do driveC) ought to have driven D) oughtn't to have driven69. If it for their support, we would be in a very difficult position.A) is not B) weren't C) was not D) be not70. If only we as we were told! This would never have happened.A) would do B) had done C) do D) didPart IV Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank th ere are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that b est fits into the passage.Everyone ___71___ of the President of the US ___72___ the most powerful man in ___73___. But when the representatives of the 13 former British colonies __ _74___ to draw up the constitution of the new country ___75___ 1788, ___76___ o f them were not sure whether they ___77___ to have a President at all. There we re even ___78___ who ___79___ a king, ___80___ their successful war against the British king, George III. The decision was in doubt ___81___ the last moment. One group wanted ___82___ for life, while ___83___ suggested that ___84___ not be a President, because a Committee would govern the country better; a third gr oup ___85___ a President ___86___ term of office would last seven years but who could not stand for reelection, because they were afraid he would spend his ti me ___87___ votes at the next election. In the end they chose George Washington as President for four years and let him ___88___ for reelection because they t rusted him. But they were ___89___ to make rules in case a future President ___ 90___ badly and these rules were used to get rid of President Nixon two hundred s years later.71. A) use to think B) think C) thinks D) uses to think72. A) to be B) being C) like D) as73. A) western world B) the western world C) accident D) the accident74. A) found B) met C) encountered D) put together75. A) at B) by C) on D) in76. A) a number B) a great deal C) a large amount D) the most77. A) should B) would C) needed D) must78. A) few B) a few C) little D) a little79. A) had preferred B) would have preferredC) should have preferred D) were preferring80. A) although B) however C) nevertheless D) in spite of81. A) until B) as far as C) so far as D) by82. A) that the President was elected B) that the President would be electe dC) to elect the PresidentD) to be elected the President83. A) another B) other C) the other D) some other84. A) it should B) it would C) there should D) there would85. A) would have liked B) would rather C) would like D) would be liking86. A) that's B) whose C) which D) of which87. A) looking for B) to look for C) to look at D) looking at88. A) stand B) to stand C) be standing D) that he stood89. A) so careful B) too careful C) careful enough D) enough careful90. A) would carry B) carried C) would behave D) behavedPart V Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a compos ition on the topic "The Expenses of an Average Worker". You should study the fo llowing table carefully and base your composition on the outlines given below. You should write at least 100 words.1. The changes in the worker's expenses from 1990 to 2000.2. The possible reasons for the changes.3. My prediction.The Expenses of an Average Worker2021年6月大学英语四级考试模拟试卷参考答案(第一套〕21-25. DBACC 26-30. DBABD 31. CDAAA 36-40. CCADA41-45. BCACB 46-50. BBDCB 51-55. BBBAB 56-60. BBBCA61-65. BDCDA 66-70. BCDBB 71-75. CDBBD 76-80. ACBBD81-85. ACACC 86-90. BAACC。

大学英语4级考试预测试题 1

大学英语4级考试预测试题 1Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On College Students Using Credit Cards.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:1. 越来越多的大学生使用信用卡2. 使用信用卡的优点与弊端3. 你的观点On College Student Using Credit CardsPart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.7 Things You Can’t Say in CanadaAttacking our sacred cows (things or people that cannot be criticized) may turn you into one looked down upon by all others—but it can also be a lot of fun.Every culture has its unacknowledged taboos—the things you are forbidden to say or do in polite company, the accepted truths you are not allowed to doubt. You might think that a liberal, open-minded country like Canada would be free of such taboos, but you’d be wrong. In spite of our belief in our own enlightened tolerance, some things ar e simply not open to debate. If you try, you’re bound to shock the neighbors.It’s risky to question the wisdom of the tribe. You might get stoned. On the other hand, some people might sneak up to you afterwards and confess that they secretly agree.So h ere’s a challenge to a few of our nation’s most widely held beliefs. You say these things in public at your own peril. I will be elaborating on these points over the months to come. Feel free to stone me or secretly agree—or, even better, add to the list. At the very least, they’re sure to start a good dinner-party fight.Margaret Atwood writes some really awful books.The queen of Canadian Literature dominates the literary world like a giant. Nobody has won more awards than she has, and nobody is more feared. There is no such thing as a bad review of a Margaret Atwood book in Canada. That’s too bad, because many of her books are tedious and unreadable, full of tortuous plots and unpleasant characters. Why will no one say so? Because we’re grateful that she’s put us on the global map. And because if they do, they’ll never work in this country again. Recycling is a waste of time and money.Once upon a time it was easy to put out the trash. Today, the Garbage Gestapo rules our lives. Every household has become a mini version of the village dump, andevery one of us has become a garbage picker, carefully separating our organics from our bottles and papers, and worrying about where our dryer lint is supposed to go.Don’t try to sneak a wine bottle into the wron g bag! The trash police will punish you. The truth about recyc ling is that it’s a giant waste of dollars and doesn’t help the environment. But don’t tell your kids. They won’t believe you. They’ve been brainwashed.Only private enterprise can save public health care.Tommy Douglas, the CBC’s Greatest Canadian, brought us universal health care. But even his plan didn’t originally pay for everybody’s ingrown toenails. His primary goal was to make sure nobody faced financial ruin if they got sick.Today we have a system where controlling costs is more important than treating patients, and where ideology is crippling us. In some places, including Toronto, people go blind waiting for cataract surgery. The government could restore their sight tomorrow simply by sending them to a private clinic instead of to a hospital. The cost to the government would be exactly the same. But in Canada, private is a dirty word, and so the government would rather you go blind. Poor Tommy would be spinning in his grave.David Suzuki is bad for the environment.From global warming to farmed salmon and genetically modified crops, David Suzuki has just one message: The end is near.He is our homegrown prophet of doom who preaches the essential wickedness of the human race. Like a modern Savonarola, he warns that unless we cast our material possessions into the bonfire, we’re all going to hell.The trouble with this apocalyptic vision is that people are starting to tune out. And our hugely expensive investment in the unworkable Kyoto treaty, which Mr. Suzuki tells us doesn’t go nearly far enough, will crowd out more practical measures to cut smog and clean up our waste sites.A national daycare program won’t do a thing to help poor kids.Cheap national daycare! Who could be against it? It’s supposed to give kids a better start in life, and nobody can object to that. But in Quebec, where the program started, universal daycare has turned out to be nothing more than a giant (and extremely costly) subsidy for relatively well-heeled middle-class parents. Few poor parents use the system.No doubt convenient daycare is a godsend for many. But so far there is no definitive evidence that kids who go to daycare go on to do better in school or in life. So if we want to invest billions in helping kids, why are we spending it on the kids who need help the least?Group of Seven artists are overexposed genre painters.I like A.Y. Jackson as much as you do. His paintings remind me of when I went to summer camp. I grew up with a reproduction of The West Wind hanging in our living room. (That was by Tom Thomson, who wasn’t really a member of Group of Seven, but never mind.) Group of Seven were the first artists to depict the wild Canadian landscape, and they were bold young rebels in their time.But that time was 80 years ago. Today their work is the quintessence of bourgeois picture-postcard art—the kind of art it’s safe to ta ke your mother to see. Enough, already. Maybe it’s time we moved on.The United States is the greatest force for good the world has ever known.Of all the shocking things you can say around the dinner table, this is the most shocking one. After all, America-bashing is part of our national identity.At best, we see our neighbor as a well-intentioned but arrogant and blundering bully that throws its weight around too much. At worst, we see our neighbor as one of the most evil nations in the world. And yet, right now, hundreds of millions of people in India and China and other desperately poor parts of the world are being liberated from millennia of suffering and serfdom. Why? Because of the United States, which has spread its idea of economic freedom — and its purchasing power — around the world.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

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最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：/ielts/xd.html（报名网址）Part ⅠWriting(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: Aid Education in China. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given in Chinese below:1. 每年，高校许多大学生受到鼓舞去贫困地区支教。

2. 支教活动的意义。

3. 我的看法。

提示:在实考试卷中，该试题在答题卡1上。

Aid--Education in ChinaPart ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)Directions:In this part,you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7,markY(for YES)if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N(for NO)if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG(for NOT GIVEN)if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 8-10,complete the sentences with information given in the passage.Will We Run Out of Water?Picture a “ghost ship”sinking into the sand, left to rot on dry land by a receding sea. Then imagine dust storms sweeping up toxic pesticides and chemical fertilizers from the dry seabed and spewing them across towns and villages.Seem like a scene from a movie about the end of the world? For people living near the Aral sea (咸海) in Central Asia, it’s all too real. Thirty years ago, government planners diverted the rivers that flow into the sea in order to irrigate (provide water for ) farmland. As a result, the sea has shrunk to half its original size, stranding (使搁浅) ships on dry land. The seawater has tripled in salt content and become polluted, killing all 24 native species of fish.Similar large--scale efforts to redirect water in other parts of the world have also ended in ecological crisis, according to numerous environmental groups. But many countries continue to build massive dams and irrigation systems, even though such projects can create more problems than they fix. Why? People in many parts of the world are desperate for water, and more people will need more water in the next century.“Growing populations will worsen problems with water,”says Peter H.Gleick, an environmental scientist at the Pacific Institute for studies in Development, Environment, and Security, a research organization in California. He fears that by the year 2025, as many as one--third of the world’s projected (预测的) 8.3 billion people will suffer from water shortages.WHERE WATER GOESOnly 2.5 percent of all water on Earth is freshwater, water suitable for drinking and growing food, says Sandra Postel, director of the Global Water Policy Project in Amherst, Mass. Two--thirds of this freshwater is locked in glaciers (冰山) and ice caps （冰盖）. In fact, only a tiny percentage of freshwater is part of the water cycle, in which water evaporates and rises into the atmosphere, then condenses and falls back to Earth as precipitation (rain or snow).Some precipitation runs off land to lakes and oceans, and some becomes groundwater, water that seeps into the earth. Much of this renewable freshwater ends up in remote places like the Amazon river basin in Brazil, where few people live. In fact, the world’s population has access to only 12,500 cubic kilometers of freshwater —about the amount of water in Lake Superior(苏必利尔湖). And people use half of this amount already. “If water demand continues to climb rapidly,”says Postel, “there will be severe shortages and damage to the aquatic (水的) environment.”CLOSE TO HOMEWater woes(灾难) may seem remote to people living in rich countries like the United States. But Americans could face serious water shortages, too especially in areas that rely on groundwater. Groundwater accumulates in aquifers (地下蓄水层)，layers of sand and gravel that lie between soil and bedrock. (For every liter of surface water, more than 90 liters are hidden underground.) Although the United States has large aquifers, farmers, ranchers, and cities are tapping many of them for water faster than nature can replenish(补充) it. In northwest Texas, for example, overpumping has shrunk groundwater supplies by 25 percent, according to Postel.Americans may face even more urgent problems from pollution. Drinking water in the United States is generally safe and meets high standards. Nevertheless, one in five Americans every day unknowingly drinks tap water contaminated with bacteria and chemical wastes, according to the Environmental Protection Agency. In Milwaukee, 400,000 people fell ill in 1993 after drinking tap water tainted with cryptosporidium (隐孢子虫)，a microbe (微生物) that causes fever, diarrhea (腹泻)and vomiting.THE SOURCEWhere so contaminants come from? In developing countries, people dump raw (未经处理的) sewage(污水) into the same streams and rivers from which they draw water for drinking and cooking; about 250 million people a year get sick from water borne (饮水传染的) diseases.In developed countries, manufacturers use 100,000 chemical compounds to make a wide range of products.Toxic chemicals pollute water when released untreated into rivers and lakes. (Certain compounds, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (多氯化联二苯)，or PCBs, have been banned in the United States.)But almost everyone contributes to water pollution. People often pour household cleaners, car antifreeze, and paint thinners (稀释剂) down the drain; all of these contain hazardous chemicals. Scientists studying water in the San Francisco Bay reported in 1996 that 70 percent of the pollutants could be traced to household waste.Farmers have been criticized for overusing herbicides and pesticides, chemicals that kill weeds and insects but insects but that pollute water as well. Farmers also use nitrates, nitrogen--rich fertilizer that helps plants grow but that can wreak havoc (大破坏) on the environment. Nitrates are swept away by surface runoff to lakes and seas. Too many nitrates “over enrich”these bodies of water, encouraging the buildup of algae, or microscopic plants that live on the surface of the water. Algae deprive the water of oxygen that fish need to survive, at times choking off life in an entire body of water.WHAT’S THE SOLUTION?Water expert Gleick advocates conservation and local solutions to water--related problems; governments, for instance, would be better off building small--scale dams rather than huge and disruptive projects like the one that ruined the Aral Sea.“More than 1 billion people worldwide don’t have access to basic clean drinking water,”says Gleick. “There has to be a strong push on the part of everyone—governments and ordinary people—to make sure we have a resource so fundamental to life.”提示:在实考试卷中，8-10题在答题卡1上。