大学英语四级阅读理解精炼35

Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)Directions：In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For question 17,choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C),and D).For questions 8—10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Art for Establishing Human NetworkingI knew-no computer or technology ever got any of US a raise, landed US that dream job, found us that mentor (良师), who cared deeply about US and our careers or put that special joy in our lives that can only come from relationships with others.All these great things are made possible by a completely different type of networking：human networking.And not the kind that has given “networking” a bad name—that superficial，insincere，manipulative stuff that we all can smell a mile away. No, I‟m talking about the true art of networking，based upon respectful and caring relationships that promote mutual success.RelationshipsLet me start with one of the most fundamental aspects of human relationships.For each and every thing youwant to achieve in life whether it‟s landing a job，earning a raise or promotion or finding that lifelong romance —— there will be at least one person on the other end deciding whether to give you or help you get what you want.Everything we do can only be accomplished through and with other people.Simply put，success，of any kind，requires relationships.Just think of the words of Margaret Wheatley：“Relationships are all there is.Everything in the universe only exists because it is in relationship to everything else.Nothing exists in isolation.We have to stop pretending we are individuals that can go it alone.” 来源: If this is the way the universe works，you can see why human relationships and human networks are so important.The most common mistake people make when building relationships for their career success is treating business contacts differently than personal friends.Just think for a moment about the people you work with on a professional level who are also close，personal friends.Aren‟t they always more forgiving when you slip up and more helpful when you‟re in need? Of course! I guarantee your work will become easier and more joyful if you make more of your business relationships personal.How to do it? The same way you make genuine friends.Build trust through intimacy;show them that besides being professional you‟re also human.Skip the small talk and go deep into what really matters —— your dreams or fears，your children or the business issues that keep you up at night.And don‟t think for a moment that they‟ll think less of you.In fact，usually the opposite happens.When I tell people about my humble beginnings —I grew up a country boy in rural，southwestern Pennsylvania，the son of an often—unemployed steelworker and a cleaning lady—and how it took me so long to overcome insecurities of being poor and being picked on by kids from more well-to-do families，people don‟t think less of me.They immediately empathize (感同身受) and feel more endeared to me than ever before.All you have to do is let your guard down and show enough vulnerability to make others comfortable with opening up to you.Also, don‟t stop with treating business frie nds like you treat personal friends. Mix them, too. Invite businesscontacts to your home and introduce them to your family. Invite a client out to dinner along with an old pal fromschool and your significant other or a date. Don‟t compartmentalize(划分)your personal, professional and community lives. Blur the boundaries! You‟ll have more fun and do more for all three parts of your life in less time.PlanningThe more specific you are about what you want to do，the easier it becomes to develop a strategy to accomplish it.Part of that strategy.of course，will be establishing relationships with the people in your universe who can help you get where you‟re going.So.first.do some deep introspection(自省)to find your Blue Flame, the thing in life that really lights your fire.Write，pray，whatever you need to do to clear your head and figure this stuff out.I enjoy great results from Vipassana meditation.Once you‟ve found your Blue Flame, it‟s time to have a RAP, or a Relationship Action Plan. Here‟s a simple wa y to get started. Write down your goals and the names and types of people who can help you achieve them.Then, note how you can reach those people and how you can contribute to their success, also.The more specific a plan you have and the more you put your goals out to others，the more everyone will conspire to help you achieve your dreams.On the other hand, if you don‟t know what you want or you don‟t tell anyone，no one can help you.They can‟t read your mind.I can‟t tell you how many times a friend has ca lled me and said，“Keith，I just became unemployed.I need to start networking;will you teach me how'?”My answer：“No.No.No.You need to start job-hunting! You should have been building relationships for the past 5 or 10 years，so now that you need a job，you cou ld make 20 calls and have 5 job offers waiting for you in a week.”PresentationWhen I give talks to college and graduate students，they always ask me，“What are the secrets to success? What are the unspoken rules for making it big?”Preferably，they‟d lik e my response wrapped up in a tight package and tied with a neat little bow.Why not? I wanted the same thing at their age.“So you want the inside scoop,”I respond.“Fair enough.I‟ll sum up the key to Success in one word：Generosity.” The kids are shocked because they think I‟m going to give them“networking”advice.And when they think of“networking.”they think of a guy holding a martini with one hand and scattering business cards with the other.He‟s hell-bent on doing anything it takes to“get to the top”, in cluding climbing on the backs of others.The era of that Networking Jerk is over.I learned that the hard way.Once，a mentor of mine said to me，“Stop driving yourself and everyone else——crazy thinking about how to make yourself successful.Start thinking ab out how you‟re going to make everyone around you successful.”Please, learn from my mistakes and the mistakes of many others.Don‟t be a networking jerk.Remember that the NO.1 key to success is generosity.Give your talents, give your contacts and give your hard work to make others successful without ever keeping score.While I would say that your relationships are the most critical piece of your personal brand，before you Call develop those relationships you‟ve got to know something and have something to say.Just having a brain and an MBA won‟t get you anywhere anymore.If you want to become more valuable in the marketplace or more intriguing to the world at large，you must develop somedeep expertise in your mind and root some higher—order passion in your heart.Think of the world‟s real movers and shakers;they are such because they are about something.Richard Branson —— executing the remarkable. The late Princess Diana一一helping the unfortunate.They are and were interesting.You can be，too.Strength in NumbersThis rule is obviously one no one can follow 100 percent.It‟s just a great way to remember to share your passions一一to invite others into the activities you are already enjoy doing.I really love sharing delicious food，good wine and great company.I also bring friends to workouts or to church.You might have similar passions，or you might enjoy doing community service，gardening or watching movies.If you‟ll just remember to share your passions，building and deepening relationships will take no extra time than you already devote to your favorite activities，and people will see you in your best light.Just as people lose weight more effectively if they have a workout partner，your ongoing efforts to build relationships will be more successful if you team up.You and your buddy can provide each other support，guidance and motivation. And you‟ll always be prepared to try one of my favorite tactics-trading networks. Throw a dinner party together，and you‟ll each be responsible for only half the guest list，half th e cost and half the effort.But you‟ll expand your circle of friends to twice the size，and I guarantee it will be twice the fun!1.The true art of networking is based on __________ relationship that promote mutual success.A) superficial B) insincere C) respectful and caring D) helpful2.According to Margaret Wheatley，which of the following statements is true?A) Everything exists in isolation.B) Everything we do can only be accomplished through and with other people.C) Everything we do can be achieved by our individuals.D) Everything can be accomplished without others‟ help if you work hard enough3.How should we treat business contacts?A) We should make our business relationships more personal.B) We should pretend to be their friends.C) We should never treat them as trustworthy friends.D) We should treat them differently from our personal friends.4.If you do not mind telling your business friends about your humble experiences，____________.A) they‟11 look down upon you B) they‟ll not do business with youC) they‟ll think less of you for a moment D) they‟ll feel more endeared to you than ever before5.When you plan to build up your network，the first thing is to find out _______ in your lifeA) what the easiest thing is B) what the most important thing isC) who you care most D) how to begin it6.What is the key to Success according to the author?A)Kindness. B)Diligence. C)Generosity. D)Consideration.7.According to a mentor of the author，we should _________ when the era of that Networking Jerk is over?A) start thinking about how we‟re going to make everyone around us successfulB) start thinking about how to make our family members successfulC) drive ourselves crazy thinking about how to make ourselves successfulD) drive everyone else crazy thinking about how to make himself successful8.If you want to improve interpersonal relationship，you should improve your personal brand with deep expertise and __________.9.Inviting others to_____________ is a way to improve relationships because in these activities people will see you at your best.10.If you want to pay half of the effort and get double of the success, you should _____________.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on Answer sheet 2.Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.Every Western doctor is required to take the Hippocratic oath，by which they swear to never harm their patients.Unfortunately，as medical history shows，many doctors did not make good on this promise.Instead，they resorted to quackery(庸医的医术)，and made a living out of fooling people who sought medical help.In the past，quack doctors claimed to have“fixed”problems from poor eyesight to cancer and smallpox (天花).They claimed to be able to work medical miracles，relying on public ignorance of medicine for their “success”.In addition，well-meaning doctors often advocated treatments that harmed their patients instead of helping them：procedures such as bloodletting often made worse the suffering they were intended to ease.The typical feature of quackery is ignorance.Unwary people are easily taken in by claims of the doctors they trust.For example，in the 1800s，psychologists commonly used basket-shaped devices to determine personality，with questionable benefit.Based on the idea that different parts of the brain control different character traits, the devices determined personality by measuring the size and shape of people‟s heads!Of all the ridiculous devices created by quacks，the most inventive was perhaps the“radionic”machine.Inthe early 1900s，quacks claimed radionics could diagnose any sickness，even though the devices were just wooden boxes with lights inside.After radionic diagnosis，patients were sent home with the assurance that they would get well.No medicine was prescribed because，quacks claimed，the radionic machine would broadcast the cure to patients，much like radio stations broadcast music!The quackery of the 19th and early 20th centuries was not limited to the use of strange devices，nor to crooked doctors.Nor were quack procedures anything new.The practice of bloodletting had been a popular treatment for over a millennium. In the name of medicine, large volumes of blood were drained from people‟s bodies to cure their sicknesses.Death，more often than not,was the outcome, though usually the disease was blamed rather than the loss of blood.It‟s easy to look back on the past and brand questionable medical procedures as quackery.However, hindsight(事后诸葛亮)is 20/20.Perhaps in the future，people will look back onsome of today‟s medical practices with similar suspicion.47. In the past, many doctors managed to fool patients by taking advantage of ___________48. Using a basket-shaped device, psychologists in the 1800s would measure the size and shape of one‟s head to ______.49. Why didn‟t the quacks prescribe any medicine for their patients after radionic diagnosis?50. As a popular medical treatment in the past, bloodletting usually caused death instead of __________.51. What is the possible conclusion of the article?Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.You‟re in trouble if you have to buy your own brand-name prescription drugs. Over the past decade, prices leaped by more than double the inflation rate. Treatments for chronic conditions can easily top $2,000 a month-no wonder that one in four Americans can‟t afford to fill their prescriptions. The solution? A hearty chorus of “O Canada.” North of the border, where price controls reign, those same brand-name drugs cost 50% to 80% less.The Canadian option is fast becoming a political wake-up call, “If our neighbors can buy drugs at reasonable prices, why can‟t we? Even to w hisper that thought provokes anger. “Un-American!” And-the propagandists‟ trump card (王牌)—“Wreck our brilliant health-care system.” Super size drug prices, they claim, fund the research that sparks the next generation of wonder drugs. No sky-high drug price today, no cure for cancer tomorrow. So shut up and pay up.Common sense tells you that‟s a false alternative. The reward for finding, say, a cancer cure is so huge that no one‟s going to hang it up. Nevertheless, if Canada-level pricing came to the Uni ted States, the industry‟s profit margins would drop and the pace of new-drug development would slow. Here lies the American dilemma. Who is all this splendid medicine for? Should our health-care system continue its drive toward the best of the best, even though rising numbers of patients can‟t afford it? Or should we direct our wealth toward letting everyone in on today‟s level of care? Measured by saved lives, the latter is almost certainly the better course.To defend their profits, the drug companies have warned Canadian wholesalers and pharmacies (药房) not to sell to Americans by mail, and are cutting back supplies to those who dare.Meanwhile, the administration is playing the fear card. Officials from the Food and Drug Administration will argue that Canadian drugs might be fake, mishandled, or even a potential threat to life.Do bad drugs fly around the Internet? Sure-and the more we look, the more we‟ll find, But I haven‟t heard of any raging epidemics among the hundreds of thousands of people bu ying crossborder.Most users of prescription drugs don‟t worry about costs a lot. They‟re sheltered by employee insurance, owing just a $20 co-pay. The financial blows rain, instead, on the uninsured, especially the chronically ill who need expensive drugs to live, This group will still include middle-incomeseniors on Medicare, who‟ll have to dig deeply into their pockets before getting much from the new drug benefit that starts in 2006.52. What is said about the consequence of the rocketing drug prices in the U.S.?A) A quarter of Americans can‟t afford their prescription drugs.B) Many Americans can‟t afford to see a doctor when they fall ill.C) Many Americans have to go to Canada to get medical treatment.D) The inflation rate has been more than doubled over the years.53. It can be inferred that America can follow the Canadian model and curb its soaring drug prices by ________.A) encouraging people to buy prescription drugs onlineB) extending medical insurance to all its citizensC) importing low-price prescription drugs from CanadaD) exercising price control on brand-name drugs54. How do propagandists argue for the U.S. drug pricing policy?A) Low prices will affect the quality of medicines in America.B) High prices are essential to funding research on new drugs.C) Low prices will bring about the anger of drug manufacturers.D) High-price drugs are indispensable in curing chronic diseases.55. What should be the priority of America‟s health-care system according to the author?A) To resolve the dilemma in the health-care system.B) To maintain America‟s lead in the drug industry.C) To allow the vast majority to enjoy its benefits.D) To quicken the pace of new drug development.56. What are American drug companies doing to protect their high profits?A) Labeling drugs bought from Canada as being fakes.B) Threatening to cut back funding for new drug research.C) Reducing supplies to uncooperative Canadian pharmacies.D) Attributing the raging epidemics to the ineffectiveness of Canadian drugs.Passage TwoQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.When imaginative men turn their eyes towards space and wonder whether life exist in any part of it, they may cheer themselves by remembering that life need not resemble closely the life that exists on Earth. Mars looks like the only planet where life like ours could exist, and even this is doubtful. But there may be other kinds of life based on other kinds of chemistry, and they may multiply on Venus or Jupiter. At least we cannot prove at present that they do not.Even more interesting is the possibility that life on their planets may be in a more advanced stage of evolution. Present-day man is in a peculiar and probably temporary stage. His individual units retain a strong sense of personality. They are, in fact, still capable under favorable circumstances of leading individual lives. But man's societies are already sufficiently developed to have enormously more power and effectiveness than the individuals have.It is not likely that this transitional situation will continue very long on the evolutionary time scale. Fifty thousand years from now man's societies may have become so close-knit that the individuals retain no sense of separate personality. Then little distinction will remain between the organic parts of the multiple organism and the inorganic parts (machines) that have beenconstructed by it. A million years further on man and his machines may have merged as closely as the muscles of the human body and the nerve cells that set them in motion.The explorers of space should be prepared for some such situation. If they arrive on a foreign planet that has reached an advanced stage (and this is by no means impossible), they may find it being inhabited by a single large organism composed of many closely cooperating units.The units may be “secondary” — machines created millions of years ago by a previous form of life and given the will and ability to survive and reproduce. They may be built entirely of metals and other durable materials. If this is the case, they may be much more tolerant of their environment, multiplying under conditions that would destroy immediately any organism made of carbon compounds and dependent on the familiar carbon cycle.Such creatures might be relics(遗物) of a past age, many millions of years ago, when their planet was favorable to the origin of life, or they might be immigrants from a favored planet.57. What does the word “cheer” (Line 2, Para. 1) imply?A) Imaginative men are sure of success in finding life on other planets.B) Imaginative men are delighted to find life on other planets.C) Imaginative men are happy to find a different kind of life existing on other planets.D) Imaginative men can be pleased with the idea that there might exist different forms of life on other planets.58. Humans on Earth today are characterized by .A) their existence as free and separate beings B) their capability of living under favorable conditionsC) their great power and effectiveness D) their strong desire for living in a close-knit society59. According to this passage, some people believe that eventually .A) human societies will be much more cooperative B) man will live in a highly organized worldC) machines will replace man D) living beings will disappear from Earth60. Even most imaginative people have to admit that .A) human societies are as advanced as those on some other planetsB) planets other than Earth are not suitable for life like ours to stayC) it is difficult to distinguish between organic parts and inorganic parts of the human bodyD) organism are more creative than machines61. It seems that the writer .A) is interested in the imaginary life forms B) is eager to find a different form of lifeC) is certain of the existence of a new life form D) is critical of the imaginative peoplePart V Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, 62 this is largely because, 63 animals ,we stand upright. This means that our noses are 64 to perceiving those smells which float through the air, 65 the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact 66 ,we are extremely sensitive to smells, 67 we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of 68 human smells even when these are 69 to far below one partin one million.Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, 70 others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate 71 smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send 72 to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell 73 can suddenly become sensitive to it when 74 to it often enough.The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it 75 to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can 76 new receptors if necessary. This may 77 explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells we simply do not need to be. We are not 78 of the usual smell of our own house but we 79 new smells when we visit someone else's. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors 80 for unfamiliar and emergency signals 81 the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.62. [A]although [B]as [C]but [D]while63. [A]above [B]unlike [C]excluding [D]besides64. [A]limited [B]committed [C]dedicated [D]confined65 [A]catching [B]ignoring [C]missing [D]tracking66. [A]anyway [B]though [C]instead [D]therefore67. [A]even if [B]if only [C]only if [D]as if68. [A]distinguishing [B]discovering [C]determining [D]detecting69. [A]diluted [B]dissolved [C]determining [D]diffused70. [A]when [B]since [C]for [D]whereas71. [A]unusual [B]particular [C]unique [D]typical72. [A]signs [B]stimuli [C]messages [D]impulses73. [A]at first [B]at all [C]at large [D]at times74. [A]subjected [B]left [C]drawn [D]exposed75. [A]ineffective [B]incompetent [C]inefficient [D]insufficient76. [A]introduce [B]summon [C]trigger [D]create77. [A]still [B]also [C]otherwise [D]nevertheless78. [A]sure [B]sick [C]aware [D]tired79. [A]tolerate [B]repel [C]neglect [D]notice80. [A]available [B]reliable [C]identifiable [D]suitable81. [A]similar to [B]such as [C]along with [D]aside fromPart VI Translation (5 minutes)Directions: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinesegiven in brackets. 来源: 82.The landlord _______________(想将租金提高三分之一).83. Be quick, _______________(否则等我们到达教堂时婚礼就已经结束了).84. Should there be another world war, _______________(人类的继续存在就会有危险).85. It is generous _______________(你把这么多钱捐给灾区人民).86. No sooner had Anne arrived _______________(就生病了).答案部分Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)1. C2. B3. A4. D5. B6. C7. A8. higher-order passion9. your favorite activities 10. teamupPart IV Reading Comprehension47. public ignorance 48. determine one‟s personality 49. They claimed the radionic machine would broadcast the cure.50. curing the sicknesses 51. People will look back on past medical practices with suspicion.Passage One 52-56 ADBCCPassage Two 57-61 DACBAPart V Cloze62-66 CBACB 67-71 ADADB 72-76 CADCD 77-81 BCDABPart VI Translation82. wants to raise the rent by a third83. or the wedding will have finished by the time we get to the church84. the continued existence of the human race would be in jeopardy85. of you to donate so much money to the people in the disaster-stricken area86. than she fell illPart Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)Directions: There is an old saying that “Clothes make the man.” How do you understand the saying ? You are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on this topic. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1.你对该谚语的理解2.你(不)赞同这种这种说法以及理由(注：题目自拟)Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.How to Create a Home Library“I cannot live without books,” declared U.S. President Thomas Jefferson to his friend John Adams. Indeed, Jefferson was an obsessive book collector from a young age, amassing (收集) three separate home libraries in his lifetime. Jefferson‟s library was considered the finest in the country, and his collection doubled the holdings of the Library of Congress. Still, Jefferson didn't let the shelves at Monticello sit empty. By the time he died 11 years later, he had more than 2 000 volumes in his library.Jefferson‟s library might fit your conception of an old-fashioned home library with leather-bound books, wood paneling and uncomfortable furniture. But home libraries can be a dynamic expression of the owner‟s personality. Creating a home library is a fun way to display your interests while establishing a special space for reading.Home Library OrganizationWhen you started using the public library, you probably learned about Melvil Dewey and his system for ordering libraries. The Dewey Decimal Classification System has ten broad categories for organizing books,including philosophy, religion and the arts. Each category is assigned a。