人教版高中英语选修七Module8Unit1ALandofdiversitySectionIILearningaboutthelanguage导学练习
人教版(新课程标准)选修8Unit1Alandofdiversity复习课件
1.That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language. 那就是今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第 一或第二语言的原因。
句型公式|This/That is why... (1)That’s why... 那就是……的原因(why从句表示结果) (2)That’s because... 那是因为……(because从句表示原因) (3)The reason why...is/was that... ……的原因是……(表语从句常用that引导， 而不用because)
目录
7.a first or second language 第一或第二语言 8.in and around San Francisco 在旧及其周边地区 9.the dream of becoming rich 发财梦 10.the industry boom 工业繁华 11.drop my luggage 放下我的行李 12.brakes fail 刹车失灵 13.the fishing industry 捕鱼业 14.a tourist area 旅游区 15.all the famous tourist spots 所有著名的旅游景点
2.Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California，no one really knows.(what引导宾语从句) 最早一批人具体是在什么时候来到我们现在所知的加利福尼亚地区的，谁也 说不清楚。
目录
3.Built in 1873，the cable car system was invented by Andrew Hallidie，who wanted to find a better form of transport than horse－drawn trams.(过去分 词短语作状语) 缆车系统建于1873年，是由安德鲁·哈利迪发明的，他试图找到一种比马拉 轨道车更好的交通方式。
高中英语Unit1Alandofdiversity语言学习教案新人教版选修8
云南省陇川县第一中学高中英语《Unit 1 A land of diversity 》语言学习教案新人教版选修8Teaching goals教学目标1. Target language 目口号言重点辞汇和短语Catholic, slavery, Spanish, mix, mixture, nationality, majority, immigrant, percentage, make a life,a great many2. Ability goals能力目标Enable the students to learn about the word transformation between the nouns, adjectives and verbs.3. Learning ability goals 学能目标Help the students learn how to know the parts of speech according to the suffixes.Teaching important points 教学重点Get the students to know the word about the USA.Teaching difficult points教学难点Get the students to know the word formation by adding suffixes.Teaching methods教学方式Study individually, practice in groups.Teaching aids教具准备A computer and a recorder.Teaching procedures & ways教学进程与方式Step Ⅰ RevisionAsk the students to discuss the question in Activity 3 on page 3, trying to explain the reasons in their own words and write 3 ~ 4 sentences. Ask them to share their answers and show their opinions.T: First of all, let’s deal with our homework. Now work in groups and discuss the question in Activity 3 on page 3, trying to explain the reasons in your own words and write 3 ~ 4 sentences.Share your answers with your group members.A sample discussion:S1: The Native Americans of California are continuing to heal from the wounds of the past. As California recognizes the value of its multi-ethnic diversity, its native people are encouraged to celebrate their heritage and share it with the wider California culture.S2: The number of African Americans in California increased dramatically following the turn of the 20th century. Although old patterns of prejudice persisted, African Americans advanced in politics, business, sports and entertainment. School segregation and discrimination in housing were banned, but problems of unemployment, underemployment and racism continue to be addressed in the African-American community.S3: By 1990, the number of European and Canadian immigrants had fallen dramatically, to less than 10 percent, and the number of immigrants from Mexico and Central America had climbed to well over half of the total.S4: Additionally, California’s share of Asian immigrants doubled and now accounts for 40 percent of new immigrants in the state.T: Excellent! These trends have transformed California into the most racially and ethnically diverse state in the country, so that by the year 2000, if not already, no racial group will constitute a majority.Step Ⅱ SuffixationFirst, ask the students to show their collected suffixes. Ask them to review the function of verbs, nouns and adjectives. And then ask them to fill in the charts with the proper forms of the words by practicing Activity 1 on page 4. At last, check the answers with the whole class.T: Today we’re going to learn about suffixes. Do you know what a suffix is?S1: A suffix is a particle, which is added to the end of a root.T: Good. Do you know anything more about it?S2: Generally, suffixes do not change the meaning of the root, but its part of speech. . lead(v.)→leadership (n.) ill (adj.) → illness (n.)S3: Although each suffix has its own meaning, it can’t be used separately without the root.S4: However, some suffixes add new meanings to the newly formed words. . meaning → meani ngless think → thinkerT: Very good! Now who’d like to share your collected suffixes with us?Ss: The following are some of the most commonly used suffixes.1.Suffixes used as a noun signifier2. Suffixes used as an adjective signifier3. Suffixes used as a verb signifierT: Excellent! Now let’s fill in the chart with your partners. Please open your books and turn to page 4 and practice Activity 1 in Discovering words and expressions. Later we’ll check the answers with the whole class.Step III Homework1. Ask the students to finish Activities 1-3 on page 48 in the workbook.2. Ask the students to prepare for the grammar about the Noun Clauses.。
Unit1Alandofdiversity-Languagepoints课件28(人教版选修8)
The prisoner escaped by means of a secret tunnel. 思想可以凭借音乐的形式来表现。
Thoughts can be expressed by means of music.
2019/4/14
means : All possible means have been tried. Every possible means has been tried. The quickest means of travel is by air. by all means 无论如何、当然可以
by no means 一点也不、绝不 by means of 通过)hard We can succeed ______________(
work.
by many means of transport You can get there ____________________ (乘 坐多种交通工具 ). 2019/4/14
3) Young people were in the majority at the 2019/4/14 meeting. (Translate)
√
13. declare vt. 1）to make known publicly or officially 宣布,宣告 1).The chairman declared the results of the election. 2).War was declared on the enemy. 警方现在已经对这个地区的毒贩宣战了. 3).The police have declared war on drug dealers in this area. 法官宣判 这个窃贼有罪。 2019/4/14 4).The judge declared the thief guilty.
人教版高中英语选修七Module8Unit1ALandofdiversitySectionIV单元知识小结
Section IV单元知识小结一、单元知识总结：（一）重点短语1.继续存在________________________________2.用…办法；借助…________________________________3.习惯于新的生活方式________________________________4.坚持，维持________________________________5.与…合作________________________________6.划线，标出…界限________________________________7.包括；吸收________________________________8.许多，很多________________________________9.申请________________________________10.另外________________________________11.实现梦想________________________________12.欣赏风景________________________________13.背靠背________________________________14.谋生________________________________15.滑落________________________________（二）重点句型1.某人突然想到…It occurs to sb. that…2.很可能It is likely/possible/probable that…3.到…时候为止by the time…4.这是我第一次…It/This/That is the first time I…5.有某人在做某事There be sb. doing sth.用上述句型翻译下列句子:1.已经有人在想我们是否应该为机器人和机器争取权利而战。
高考英语总复习Unit1Alandofdiversity课件新人教版选修8
Unit 1A land of diversity基础自主梳理│考点分层突破│单元能力提升基础自主梳理│考点分层突破│当堂跟踪检测【单词回顾】分类识记 拓展运用一、基础识记词汇Ⅰ.填一填(基础会书写)1.____________vi .发生;出现2.____________vi .滑动;滑行;滑跤 n .滑动;滑倒3.____________vt .& vi .改革;革新 n . 改革;改造;改良4.____________n .手段;方法5.____________prep .尽管;不管6.____________vt .& n .租用,雇用基础自主梳理means slip occur despite reform hire7._____________adv .无处;到处都无8._____________vt .& n .抓住;掌握;领会9._____________vt .插入;嵌入 基础自主梳理grasp nowhere insertⅡ.填一填(阅读识其义)1.distinct adj .____________________________2.ministry n .____________________________ 3.hardship n .____________________________4.boom n .____________vi .____________________________5.racial adj .____________________________ 6.customs n .____________________________ 7.mourn vt .& vi .____________________________ 基础自主梳理繁荣(政府的)部;(全体)牧师清晰的;明显的;明确的处于经济迅速发展时期苦难;困苦人种的;种族的 海关;关税;进口税 哀悼;悼念;表示悲痛8.justice n .___________________9.percentage n .____________________10.luggage n .______________________11.brake n ._________________vi .& vt . _________________________12.ferry n ._________________vt .__________________13.authority n .________________ 基础自主梳理闸;刹车;制动器百分比;百分率 公正;公平刹(车);用制动器减速行李渡船;渡口摆渡;渡运权威;权力Ⅲ.用一用(语境推意)1. [2018·全国卷Ⅲ] B oom townsgrow from nothing almost overnight. ____________________2. [2018·浙江卷] In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mournedhim as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and theirreadership and whose characters… ______________________3. [2018·浙江卷] And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.____________________ 基础自主梳理新兴城市 悼念 一小部分4. [2016·全国卷Ⅰ] However,Mexicans may use silence wheninstructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude tothat person by arguing with him or her.____________________基础自主梳理掌权;有权力二、核心拓展词汇Ⅰ.填一填(掌握书写)1._____________vt .选择;决定做某事;选举某人→_____________n.选举2._____________vt .指出;标示;表明;暗示→_____________n .迹象3._____________n .大多数;大半→_____________adj .主要的 vi .主修 n.专业→minority n .少数4._____________n .申请人→_____________v. 申请→_____________n .申请5._____________adj .显而易见的;显然的;表面上的→_______________adv .明显地6.__________________n .处罚;惩罚→_____________v . 惩罚;处罚基础自主梳理indication election elect majority indicate major applicant apply apparently application apparent punishment punish 7._____________n .正义;公平→________________(反义词) n .不公平8. crossing n.横渡;横越;十字路口;人行横道→________________n .十字;交叉adj.交叉的;生气的 v .使交叉;横过→________________prep.在……的对面(过)基础自主梳理justice injustice acrosscrossⅡ.用一用(境中提升)1.Jack was working in the lab when the power cut______________(occur).2.So, let us assume that historical buildings are both attractive andimportant to the_____________(major) of people.3. If I am lucky enough__________________(elect), I will make every effort to serve for the benefits of students and our club.4. [2018·全国卷Ⅱ] Students should read the list with theirparents/carers, and select two activities they would like to do. Formswill be available in school and online for 基础自主梳理to indicate majority occurredto be elected5. [2018·北京卷] ______________the pain, I stayed the course walkinga bit and then running again.基础自主梳理Despite【记一记】——词不离群基础自主梳理1.单复数意义不同的名词小结①custom(风俗)→customs(海关) ②manner(方式)→manners(礼貌) ③paper(纸)→papers(文件) ④art(艺术)→arts(文科) ⑤arm(手臂)→arms(武器) ⑥brain(脑袋)→ brains(脑力) ⑦work(工作)→works(作品)2. “选择”大全①choose vt .选择 ②choice n .选择 ③select v t .选择;挑选;选拔 ④electvt .推选;选(举)某人任某职 ⑤election n .选举,选出,当选 ⑥option n .选择,取舍,选择权;可选择的东西 ⑦pick out 选出 ⑧vote vt .& vi .选举;投票【短语扫描】归纳积累 一网打尽Ⅰ.填一填(掌握书写)动词+介/副词1.live ___________继续存在;继续生存2.keep ___________坚持;维持;沿袭(风俗、传统等)3.mark ___________用线画出范围;标出……界线4.take___________包括;吸收5.team up ___________与……合作或一起工作6.apply___________申请;请示得到基础自主梳理 up on in with out for动词+名词7.make a ______________习惯于新的生活方式、工作等 介词+名词+介词8.by means ______________… 用……办法;借助……其他9.back ______________back 背靠背10.______________great/good many 许多;很多 基础自主梳理life of to a选用以上短语填空1.The police looked into the case carefully and found the thief had entered the house ________________a ladder.2.It is honourable to ________________with your hands while depending on others is a shame.3. [2018·天津卷] Next time you take a walk, no matter where it is,____________all the sights, sounds and sensations.4. Whom should you contact if you want to ____________the job in Rockville?5. John preferred to go into business alone rather than_________________ 基础自主梳理take in by means of make a life apply for team up with【记一记】——词不离群基础自主梳理1. “动词+out”短语再记①bring out 阐释;说明;出版 ②carry out 完成;实施计划 ③come out 出现;传出;表露;开花 ④help out 帮助克服困难 ⑤give out 用尽;耗尽 ⑥turn out 证明 ⑦work out 计算出;拟定出;解决 ⑧run out 用完 ⑨set out 启程;出发2. “很多”再回顾a lot of;lots of;a number of;a quantity of;quantities of;a good/great many;dozens of;scores of;many a;more than one;the/a majority of背句型(课本这样讲)记公式(公式这样记)仿句子(高考这样考)1.___________________________today over 40% ofCalifornians speak Spanishas a first or secondlanguage.那就是为什么今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言。
新课标高中英语Unit1Alandofdiversity单元重点知识回顾课件新人教版选修8
18c．at_tl_e________n.
牛(总称)
19．ind_i_c_a_te______vt.指出；标示；表明；暗示
(1)_in_d_i_c_a_te__st_h_._______(to sb.) 向(某人)表示某事；把……
指给(某人)看
ind_i_ca_t_e_t_h_a_t._.._
示意……；表示……
改革；革新 改革；改造；改良 抓住；抓紧；掌握；领会 把握任何机会 理解某人的意思 感激的；感谢的 插入；嵌入
Ⅱ.重点短语 1．li_v_e_o_n______ live by doing live up to live a ... life 2m．a_k_e_a_l_i_fe____ come to life come back to life bring...back to life
看看远处，要保护好眼睛哦~站起来动一动，久坐对身体不好 哦~
5．It is believed that...人们认为…… It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups，but simply a mixture of many races and cultures. 仿写：人们普遍认为这种病毒最初来自猴子。 It is_w__id_e_l_y_b_e_l_ie_v_e_d__th_a_t_________________ the virus originally came from the monkeys.
(2i)n_d_i_ca_t_io_n____n.
Unit1Alandofdiversity-Project课件(人教选修8)
然而生活的困顿并不是他的作品给人的主要印象。他的作品充 满了对现实生活 的热爱，表现苏格兰农村生活场景和诗人所 追求的自由平等思想。他的诗作主要以民歌为本，写了大量情 诗，涉及爱情的各种变化，名篇诗作有《一朵红红的玫瑰》（A Red Red Rose），《我亲爱的约翰· 安德森》（John Anderson, My Jo）， 《我心在高地》（My Heart’s in the Highland）等。现在传唱的《友 谊地久天长》（Auld Lang Syne）的歌词就是取自这位诗人的诗作。
Effect on him
Family status
Main works His first love
encouraged him to write poetry
The moveme nt of poets
Name of the Romantic Movement movement Representati John Keats; William Wordsworth; ve poets Robert Burns Features
Project Robert Burns and his poetry
Auld lang syne Friendship Everlasting Should auld acquaintance be forgot, and never brought to mind? Should auld acquaintance be forgot, 怎能忘记旧日朋友 for the sake of auld lang syne. 心中能不怀念？ If you ever change your mind, 旧日朋友怎能相忘， but I living, living me behind, 友谊地久天长。 oh bring it to me, bring me your sweet loving, 我们往日情意相投， bring it home to me. 让我们紧握手， bring it home to me.Yeah~ Yeah~ Darling you know I laughed when you left, 让我们举杯痛饮， but now I know that I only hurt myself. 友谊地久天长。 Please bring it to me,bring your sweet sweet 友情常在我心， love, 亲密的朋友 bring it home to me, bring it home to me. 举杯痛饮， For auld lang syne my dear, 同声歌唱友谊地久天长。 for auld lang syne, we'll take a cup of kindness yet for the sake of a general idea of each part
人教版选修八Unit1《Alandofdiversity》word教案
M8 UNIT 1 A land of Diversity教材内容分析本课位于人教选修8第一单元。
本单元主要围绕了具有多元文化的美国这一主题展开，其中重点介绍了加利福尼亚州的多元文化特征。
本单元有助于培养学生跨文化交际意识，进一步拓宽视野，为终身学习奠定良好的基础。
本课时是第一课时，包括Warming Up，Pre-reading，Reading和Comprehending四部分。
教学目标设计1.知识目标•掌握重点词汇和短语•理解和运用重点句型2.能力目标•通过对段落结构的分析，使学生掌握scanning的阅读技巧。
要提高他们的阅读速度和快速寻找信息的能力，培养他们分析和概括能力。
•让学生们能流利的讲述加州的相关历史。
3.情感目标通过了解美国的多元文化特征，培养学生跨文化交际意识；通过对加州移民的深入了解，使学生认识到“美国是民族的熔炉”。
教学重难点分析1．教学重点：•让学生通过对加州历史的学习,了解美国的多元文化特征.2．教学难点•帮助学生理解加州多元文化形成的原因。
教学方法新课改不仅注重知识的传授，也注重学生能力及情感态度价值观的培养。
根据教学内容及学生实际，我主要采用以下教学法：1．任务型教学法本课选择任务型教学，如要求学生课前预习阅读文章，课堂进行小组讨论，填写信息表等，培养和强化学生的语言实践能力和自主学习能力。
2．多媒体辅助教学法利用多媒体展示相关图片，激发学生学习兴趣，提高课堂教学效率。
教学过程1. Warming up2. Pre-reading3. Reading(1) Skimming(2) Detailed reading4. Discussion5. Language points focus6. Questions time7.Summary8. Homework学习流程Before class (课前自主学习，合作探究)------- Vocabulary（词汇预习）------- Preview the new words of this text.【设计意图】通过预习词汇为下一步的阅读扫清生词障碍。
高中英语人教版选修8Unit1Alandofdiversity教学设计
California 教课方案西安市田家炳中学 李亚俊【教材依照】8第一单元Aland本课是来对于一般高中课程标准实验教科书英语选修 ofdiversity 的阅读课。
一、设计思路1、指导思想。
本教课方案主要环绕多元文化的美国这一主题睁开，介绍加利福尼亚的多元文化特点。
该设计在多媒体协助下，教课活动层层递进，由简入难，让学生认识美国的历史及其根基知识， 丰富学生的知识，拓展他们的视线，培育学生跨文化社交意识和能力以及运用英语思想的能力。
亮点是对学生进行了尊敬历史和热爱祖国的感情教育。
2、教课目的。
1〕知识目标：让学生经过阅读文章，理解multicultural, distinction,ministry, catholic, rail, elect, immigrate, mixture, racial, keepup, bymeansof 等单词和短语的意思以及用法。
2〕能力目标：经过阅读文章，让学生掌握skimming,scanning, detailedreading 的阅读技巧，并培育学生用 英语去议论和思想的能力。
3〕感情目标：经过对文章的理解，让学生认识美国多元文化特点，培育学生跨文化沟通意识，使学买卖识到：“美国是民族的熔炉〞，进而使学生认识世界人民交融互补、和平共处的民族交融趋向，并指引学生要尊敬历史和热爱祖国。
3、教课要点与难点。
1〕教课要点：1)improvethestudents'readingskills,includingskimming,scanningandB. carefulreading.letstudentsknowmoreaboutcaliforniaanditscharacteristic.cultivatethestudents'abilityofthinkingandexpressinginenglish.让学生认识对于美国的根基知识。
人教版高中英语选修七Module8Unit1ALandofdiversity单元测试
高中英语学习材料madeofjingetieji单元测试Unit 1 A land of diversityI. 单项选择(15分)1．Ladies and gentlemen，I have the great privilege ________ introducing our speaker for tonight.A．in B．of C．about D．on2．High interest rates ________ people from borrowing money.A．discourage B．protect C．save D．disturb3．—The frequent terrible coal mine accidents killed more than 1,000 people in China last year.—________.A．Quite OK B．Certainly C．That’s the case D．I agree4．Every day the boy，together with his classmates，________ to go to the sports ground and ________ football, ________ themselves.A．are noticed；play；enjoying B．is noticed；plays；enjoyingC．are noticed；plays；enjoys D．is noticed；play；enjoying5．The importance of saving gas ________ be stressed too much. Automobiles use up some 70 billion gallons of gas a year.A．can’t B．mustn’t C．shouldn’t D．may not6．No other salesmen could know how to increase sales，but soon Tim ________ a good solution.A．came up with B．caught up withC．kept up with D．put up with7．Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not，you may_______ run down by a car.A．have B．get C．become D．turn8．Our family makes it a ________ to turn off the television at mealtime and try to speak as little as possible.A．privilege B．pressure C．procedure D．principle9．________in the iron box，the tiger got angry.A．To trap B．Trapping C．Trapped D．To be trapped 10．All three teams ________ different approaches to the problem.A．adapted B．adopted C．attached D．adjusted11．________is necessary for you to lock the car when you don’t use it.A．Which B．This C．That D．It12．________gene，intelligence also depends on an adequate diet，a good education and a happy family environment.A．In spite of B．In terms ofC．In case of D．In addition to13．Can Jay Chou be considered as one who ________ among young musicians?A．stands up B．stands out C．comes out D．comes up 14．—I don’t like vegetables，Mum.—________on a balanced diet，you should try to eat some.A．Keep B．To keep C．Keeping D．Having kept 15．Perseverance is a kind of quality and that’s ________ it takes to do anything well.A．what B．that C．which D．whyII. 完形填空 (30分)I was coaching girls’track in Iowa and there was a young discus (铁饼) thrower on the team with__16__potential (潜力)．Here goes her story.At the end of our training__17__the district track meet，this discus thrower，Lucy，asked me if she__18__come to the school on Sunday for a little__19__training.I agreed. The year before，she had placed second at the district meet and__20__missed going to the state meet. She had won every discus event，__21__that district meet！And，her throws in the competitions had__22__been between 106′1″ and 110′10″.Something began to__23__me.Why couldn’t Lucy__24__to get the discus to 111 feet？I wondered if it was more a psychological barrier (心理障碍)__25__a physical one. I decided to try something__26__.I made up my mind to__27__to Lucy.On Sunday，after her drills，I said，“Why don’t you throw five or six good ones for me to__28__？”She began to throw again，but__29__were farther than what she had already thrown. But，I didn’t tell Lucy. As I was measuring the__30__one，I pulled out some more tape (卷尺) and yelled out to her，“Come to see this！This one is__31__！” It wasn’t. Lucy，thinking that this was a personal best，jumped wildly into the air in__32__.The next afternoon，at the district meet，Lucy__33__with a personal best throw of 114′10″！Just 24 hours after I had lied to her. However，this time she had__34__thrown the discus four feet further than she had ever thrown it before.Sometimes we__35__our own barriers in our mind. So learn to take control of your mind.16. A. little B. large C. no D. limited17. A. after B. during C. since D. before18. A. could B. must C. should D. would19. A .helpful B. extra C. real D. regular20. A. luckily B. completely C. narrowly D. probably21. A. except B. including C. despite D. with22. A. sometimes B. always C. never D. seldom23. A. frighten B. please C. shock D. bother24. A. seem B pretend C. need D. ask25. A. apart from B .rather than C. because of D. according to26. A. impossible B. familiar C. new D. easy27. A. lie B. turn C. reply D. call28. A. look B. measure C. match D. take29. A. many B. all C. some D. none30. A. worst B. closest C. first D. final31. A. higher B. farther C. bigger D. longer32. A. excitement B. anxiety C. puzzlement D. anger33. A. disappeared B. lost C. won D. arrived34. A actually B. hardly C. nearly D. only35. A .break B. remove C. take D. setIII. 阅读理解（40分）第一节：从四个选项中选出正确答案。
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Section II Learning about the language一、课前预习I. 重点短语1. 由…构成___________________________2. 除…以外___________________________3. 推迟___________________________4. 谋生___________________________5. 大多数___________________________II. 完成句子：用上面的短语完成下列句子。
1. Life _________________________________________ sunshine but also hard times.生活中不仅有阳光，还有艰难困苦的时候。
2. _________________________________doctors believe smoking is harmful to health.大多数医生认为吸烟有害健康。
3. He made a suggestion that ________________________________________________.他建议会议推迟。
4. I usually go home on Sundays _______________________________________________.周日除了下雨，我通常回家。
5. On land with rich soil, local farmers can grow crops to ____________________________.土地肥沃的地方，当地农民可以种庄稼谋生。
二、语法突破：名词性从句定义：在句法作用上与名词短语等同的各种从句统称为名词性从句。
根据句法作用，名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句（直接宾语、间接宾语和介词宾语从句）、表语从句和同位语从句。
语序：陈述语序。
引导词作用连接词that, whether,if ,because连接作用，有本身意义（that 除外），不充当成分连接代词who(ever), whom(ever), what(ever), which(ever),连接作用，有本身意义，充当成分（主语、宾语、表语、定语）连接副词where(ever), how(ever), why, when(ever)连接作用，有本身意义，充当状语（地点、时间、方式、原因）从句类型主要句型结构主语从句what …/wh-ever…(常放句首，一般不用形式主语it 取代)It is +adj.(n.) + that( wh-) 从句It + 不及物动词+ that…It + be +过去分词+ that…其他It doesn’t matter/makes no difference……表语从句It +系动词（be, seem, appear, look…）as if/as though/that/because……同位语从同位名词（idea, suggestion, fact….）+that( wh-) 从句句宾语从句…vt + that/wh- 从句…vi+ 介词+wh- 从句几组引导词的异同1.what 与thatthat 是连接词，只起连接作用，本身没有任何实在意义，在从句中不充当任何成分。
引导动词宾语从句时，时常可以省略，但引导主语从句，同位语从句，表语从句时，一般不能省略。
what 是连接代词，起连接作用，有本身意义，可翻译为“……的……, 所……的”，在从句中充当主语，宾语，表语等。
We believe (that) he is honest. (宾语从句的引导词，可以省略)It is important that everyone should learn a foreign language well. (that 引导主语从句，不能省略)What he said at the meeting is true. （what 引导主语从句，在主语从句中作宾语）This new school is built in what used to be a factory. (what 引导介词宾语从句，在宾语从句中作主语)2.whether 与if相同之处：用在及物动词后面的宾语从句中，二者可互换使用不同之处：在以下几种情况下常使用whether 不使用if1/ whether 作介词宾语2/ whether 后接动词不定式3/ whether or not (no) 是否4/whether 放句首引导主语从句（引导表语从句、同位语从句也常用之）5/ whether……or not 引导状语从句，“不管……是否”“不管是……还是……”I don’t know whether/if he will attend the concert . ( 及物动词的宾语从句)The question is whether( 不可使用if) it is worth trying. (引导表语从句)Whether he comes or not makes no difference. (引导主语从句)He didn’t know whether to get married or to wait. (后跟动词不定式)Can you tell me whether or not the train has left? ( whether 与or not 连用)Whether he works or not, I don’t think he will pass the examination. (引导状语从句)3.who , whoever 与which, whichever，whom, whomeverwho=the person(s) who 或those whowhoever=anyone who 强调无论谁，不管谁（泛指任意一人）which=the one that 强调一个特定范围中的某个物或人whichever=any one that强调特定范围中的任何一个物或人whom=the person(s) whom 宾格，只能在从句中作宾语whomever=anyone whom 宾格，只能在从句中作宾语，侧重任何一个Who will host the meeting has not been decided yet. (引导主语从句，在从句中作主语，表示“某个人”Whoever it is, I don’t want to see him or her. (引导状语从句，在从句中作表语，表示不管他是谁…..)He will give the book to whomever he likes.(whomever 引导介词宾语从句，在从句中作宾语)Whichever (of you) comes in first will receive a prize. (whichever 引导主语从句，在从句中作主语，特定范围是在你们之中，不能使用whoever)4.wh-ever 与no matter wh-wh-ever 可以引导名词性从句，也可引导状语从句no matter wh- 只能引导状语从句Whoever breaks the law shall be punished by law.（主语从句）No matter who ( Whoever) breaks the law , he or she shall be punished by law(状语从句)主语从句：主要句型结构：1.由what 以及wh-ever 引导的通常放在句首，一般不使用形式主语it 。
Whomever you invite will be welcome.What he needs is more experience.2.It + be + adj + that( wh-) 从句It is strange(possible, obvious, natural…) that…It is mysterious( uncertain, doubtful, not known, not decided, to be found out, …) wh- …Is it true that she has never been there?It is doubtful whether she will be able to come.3.It + be + Noun. + that(wh-) 从句It is a pity( a fact, good news, a wonder, a shame…) that…It is a mystery( still a question…) wh-…It is a pity that you are leaving.It is a mystery to me how it all happened.4.It +不及物动词+ 从句（此句型中的主语从句不能放在句首）It seems(appears, proves…) that…It happened( occurred to me, struck me, turns out ) that…It happened that I wasn’t there that day.It occurred to me that we ought to make a new plan.5.It + be + 过去分词+ 从句（此句型中的主语从句不能放在句首）It is said(reported, announced, suggested, must be pointed out, must be admitted, hoped ) that…It is to be decided( to be found out, to be discussed…) wh-…Has it been decided that we shall go by train?It must be pointed out that our present situation is favourable.6.It doesn’t matter( makes no difference, doesn’t make too much difference, means nothing tome) + 从句（此句型中的主语从句不能放在句首）It doesn’t make much difference to me what you do( whether you go or stay)It doesn’t matter whether he likes it or not.表语从句表语从句放在连系动词后，充当复合句中的表语.从句型结构上：一般结构是：主语+连系动词+表语从句1.主语+ 连系动词（be, look ,remain, seem ,appear, prove, turn out…）+表语从句（that……）2.The reason is that……3.It (This, that ) is because……It seems that/ as if it is going to rain.This is how Jane lives here.The reason why he was dismissed is that he was careless and irresponsible.Your greatest fault is that you are careless.It may be because I am no mathematician.从引导关联词上：主要有以下几种情况：1.由连接词that 引导。