读写任务作文之如何写概括
读写任务概括方法与练习
读写任务的概括PartⅠ基本步骤方法和技巧第一，阅读全文，了解文章大意，理解作者的写作意图和主要观点。
1.通读全文，了解文章的体裁。
因为不同的体裁，概括文章大意的方法不相同，那么我们在概括主要内容时要注意的内容也不相同。
读写任务所给材料，通常是记叙文、议论文和说明文，以议论文和记叙文为主。
2.注意文章的写作结构。
英语文章的结构不像中文文章结构那么多种多样，英语的文章普遍以固定的几种形式叙述所要表达的内容。
如议论文多用比较来论述某个观点，历史故事文则多用叙述的方式。
因此平时熟悉一些篇章结构，阅读文章时就可以先看文章的标题、语篇标记、关键句等来识别文章的篇章结构类型，然后找出文章的框架，通过段落间的逻辑关系，了解文章的大意。
3．注意审题，看准要求是对整篇文章进行概括还是就某部份内容进行概括。
是以读者的身份进行概括，还是以当事人的身份进行概括，这决定着我们要以什么样的人称来写。
第二，正确找出文章的主旨大意。
1.一定要注意文章是否有题目，因为一篇文章的题目就是对整篇文章中心内容的最简练的归纳，是文章的精华、中心。
2.阅读完后用一句话写出文章的主旨大意。
这里我们要注意文章里一些概括性句子。
每篇文章都有其写作意图，在文章中，尤其在第一段或最后一段，作者都会对其进行总结，所以我们要注意段落里一些起概括性句子（主题句）。
文章的主题句往往出现在首段或末段，或各个段落的首句末句，然具体情况却不能一概而论。
以下是常见文体的主题句及主要内容的概括的方法和技巧。
▲▲（1）记叙文(Narration)：找出时间(when),地点(where),什么人(who)，做了什么事(what),结果怎么样(how)等五要素。
其中,最重要的要点是某人(who)做了何事(what)。
若是夹叙夹议的文章,还要加上作者的看法、观点、经验或感悟。
①叙事性的记叙文(Narration)。
叙事性的记叙文的主要内容的概括主要抓住记叙文的几个要素：时间、地点、人物、事件和影响或后果。
读写任务概括.
作文专讲作文是英语学习中的重点, 也是难点。
要想写出流畅的作文, 必须多欣赏优秀范文,熟悉文章体裁,了解文章框架,形成写作套路,积累精美语言。
只有记诵一定量的优秀范文, 才能保证写作的流畅输出! 同学们要注重错句改正及优秀句子的积累, 注重优秀范文的背诵和写作, 大家一定要积极参与其中, 不断提高自身对英语的感悟能力和使用能力! 要写出好的作文, 平时必须多看范文, 多分析范文。
积累有用的词汇、词组和句型。
每次作文评改后发回来,要及时改正所犯的错误, 以后不要再犯同样的错误。
好的作文必须经过千锤百炼, 多练习多归纳多进步!“ 读写任务” 的写作过程:1把握阅读材料的结构、思路、观点与意图;2概括阅读材料的观点(论证过程3在“ 写作内容” 的引导下写作。
在写概括的时候 , 不能添加自己的见解, 但是要用自己的语言概括。
要做到开门见山,语言简洁 .如果给的阅读材料是一个故事, 应该用最简练的语言来说明故事讲述了什么, 不能拖泥带水,而且要看原文是否有讲述该故事给你的启示或其中的一个道理。
如果是说明性或描述性短文 , 你就必须用概括的文字来说明某种现象。
如果是议论文的阅读短文 , 则要尽可能客观简要地转述阅读材料的观点。
在议论部分 ,第一段开头语:1 According to the passage, we know…2 This article is mainly about…3 The writer states that…4 The passage tells us that…第二段 :过渡词引出主题句 ---自己的观点 ---理由• 开头用语:• I do agree with the author…• In some way, I agree with …, but…• This opinion sounds right but is hardly practical.• It is definitely not like that. As a matter of fact, …• From my personal angle alone…• In my opinion,…• From my personal point of view…• As far as I’m concerned…第三段 [最后一段 ] : 总结句开头用语:• In conclusion,…• In short,…• To make a long story short,…• In general,…• In a word,…• In belief,…• On the whole,…• All in all,…练习如何写概括:1.记叙文A boy once stole a girl’s bicycle. He took the stolen bicycle home to his mother. The boy's mother did not punish him. Instead, she told her son that he was clever for doing so. Soon after, the boy stole a loaf of bread and brought it home. His mother thanked her son saving her money. When the boy grew up, stealing had become his habit. He often stole things he didn't even want. Then, one day, the man got caught and was going to be killed. The man's mother went to see her son in prison. "Why have you done these tings?" his mother asked. "Lean closer to me and I'll tell you," replied her son. But when his mother leaned closer her son, he bit off her ear. "I've always done these things, mother," said the man. "But you never told me they were wrong."____________________________________________________________________ _ _____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________2. 议论文Some people think studying under pressure keeps us motivated. Maybe a little pressure does good to us, but too much pressure is not favorable to students. Scientific studies show people studying under too much pressure generally don't perform as well as they do when they are not under extreme pressure. Psychologically, too much pressure can lead to mental problems or disorders. In recent years, there has been an increase in stress-related diseases among college and high-school students. A newspaper article says many students admit that they have cheated in exams because of excessive pressurecoming from their parents and teachers who demand high marks in their examination. So, appropriate pressure is acceptable, or we will face a terrible situation.To think:1. Which sentence is the topic sentence?2. Which sentences are the supporting sentences?3. Which sentence is the concluding sentence?____________________________________________________________________ _ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _ _____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________3. 说明文Transportation has been developing rapidly in recent years, especially in large cities. However, it must be admitted that, along with the benefits of the rapid development of urban traffic, there have come certain problems. One of the biggest problems is traffic jams in some heavily-populated cities. It has become common to see passengers and drivers having to wait in long lines and buses and cars m oving at a snail’s pace on the streets during the rush hours.There are several reasons for this problem. First, the number of vehicles is increasing much more rapidly than the building of roads. No sooner has a new road been completed and opened public traffic than it is crowded with all kinds of vehicles. Second, there seem to be too many private cars and not enough public buses. In most cases, a car carries only one or two people, while it occupies almost half the space a bus does. Third, many people, including drivers, pedestrians and cyclists do not obey traffic rules properly, especially at busy hours. And this undoubtedly worsens the already serious situation.____________________________________________________________________ _ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________读写任务 (共 l 小题,满分 25分阅读下面的新闻报道,然后按照要求写一篇 150词左右的英语短文。
读写任务(议论文)概括
概括指导 论点+论据1+论据2 论点： I like watching TV very much, for I
think it has many advantages
论证1：First of all, watching TV is a way to help
us relax.
论证2：Most importantly, watching TV is
Most importantly, watching TV is educational. We can learn all kinds of subjects through educational programs and special reports on TV. For example, it`s easy for us to learn Chinese from a Chinese teacher in Beijing and to learn Russian from a Russian teacher in Moscow. TV can even teach us good manners, how to cook, what to wear, and so
(范文1) The passage tries to tell us that getting up early in the morning is a good habit that will benefit us a lot, including a better memory, healthier body and better preparation for the day.
educational.
用同义词或短语转换
原文：a way to help us relax. 短语：a good way to relax ourselves
高中读写任务之概括
读写任务写作是具有一定开放性的写作命题分为三步走，即：“概括摘要+ 任务过渡+要点拓展”选材内容：考生熟悉或比较熟悉的题材,以议论文或记叙文为主。
读写任务写作必须注意：1．首段(main idea)：用一两句话概述原文内容要点，约30个词；(三、四行)2．主体(要点)：依据材料陈述自我观点并加以例证来验证；（2,3,4自然段）广东高考英语读写任务01——概括一、记叙文的概括——串联要素法记叙文的概要, 一般包括记叙文的六个要素(who; when; where; what; how; why), 也就是考生应先通读阅读短文，找出这六个要素,然后用自己的话将这六个要素串成一两句话即可。
1. 谁做了什么？(who did what)2. 结果如何？(what was the result)，若是夹叙夹议的文章, 还要加上这个故事给人们的启示或教育。
Passage 01Jackie is perhaps the most easily annoyed koala（考拉）at the Feather dale Wildlife Park in southern Australia. All the koalas there are unhappy and complaining. You would be too if you were used to night activities and someone kept waking you up all day while you were trying to sleep it off. That’s right—sleep it off. The average koala is always half asleep because it feeds on the leaves of a special kind that makes it sleepy.The reason why Jackie and her fellow koalas are repeatedly awoken from their deep sleep is that they can be hugged and photographed by tourists, who make the trips to Feather dale and an increasing number of other national parks for just that special experience. Whatever department in the Aussie government in charge of such things is now moving to make the practice illegal，which is understandable. How would you react, my friend, if you were trying to sleep off a dozen times and some round，furry creature smelling of grass kept waking you?要点：1.who?______________________________________________2. What happened to them?______________________________________________3. Result ?______________________________________________4. Why ?______________________________________________5. Meaning or purpose?____________________________整合所有信息、改写：1.Someone kept waking them.__________________________________________2.The reason why ... is that they can be hugged and photograph by tourists.__________________________________________3.ask us to think and do as animals__________________________________________Summary:：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Passage 02When Sam first got to his boarding school with his parents, he was very happy. He thought he would be able to go home every weekend. When he was told he would not, he started crying because the thought of not seeing his parents was driving him crazy.He was given uniforms and all other things that he would need for the term. He started crying when it was time for his parents to leave. He was then taken to the dorm, where he saw other children happy. He tried as much as he could to fit in but could not because his mind was at home. He started feeling homesick (想家) and wanted to go homes as soon as possible.He got sick soon because he could not eat the school food. He could not concentrate in the classroom. All he could think was being at home with his family. He had no mobile phone or other means to get in touch with his parents. He was angry and felt lonely. He thought his parents hated him and that was why they left him in a boarding school.要点：1.who?___________________________________________2. What happened to them?______________________________________________3. Result ?______________________________________________4. Why ?______________________________________________5. Meaning or purpose?______________________________________________Summary:：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________二、议论文的概括——议论文通常包括论点、论据和结论, 因此写议论文的概要主要是找出主题句(the topic sentences)、支撑句(supporting sentences)和结论句(conclusionsentences)。
高三英语读写任务作文专题突破---如何写概括
广东高考英语基础写作训练一、写作的基本要求1、信息完整（所写的文章中一定要包含所有的写作内容）2、不超过5句话（句子的复杂性，多使用从句，非谓语动词和连词及一些复杂的句型）3、内容清楚连贯，逻辑性强（使用恰当的连词，使文章连贯）4、尽量减免语法错误二、写作技巧以及顺序A. 通篇浏览，把握整体。
浏览文章信息，并对其进行处理，将其分割成五句话，做到哪句话包含哪些信息心中有数。
B. 集中兵力，逐个击破。
在第一步的基础上，把五个句子逐一写清楚，包含所需信息。
在组织句子时注意以下几点：1. 一个句子首先要找清楚主谓宾，然后想办法拓展这句话，把其它的信息加进去。
2. 一个句子有且仅有一个谓语（并列谓语）。
3. 将多个句子并到一起，并且要做到只有一个谓语的话，有3种方法：1）使用各种连词。
More than 50% of the students in China are short-sighted and it ranks the first in the world. 句中用到and连接2个并列简单句，前后都可保留谓语，顺利将2句变成一句。
连词包括具有递进关系的并列句，如由and，then，besides，in addition, furthermore，moreover, what’s more等连接的并列句，具有转折关系的并列句，如由but，however，on the contrary, after all等连接的并列句，具有平行选择关系的并列句，如由both…and…，as well as，as well，neither…nor…or，either…or…，not only…but also…等连接的并列句。
2）使用从句。
包括含有名词性从句的复合句，含有定语从句的复合句，含有状语从句的复合句。
More than 50% of the students in China are short-sighted, which ranks the first in the world.3）使用非谓语动词，及一些特殊句型。
读写任务中的概要写作三招
读写任务中的概要写作三招读写任务中的概要写作部分既考查了考生快速阅读,获取信息的能力,也考查了考生对所获取信息的加工与概括能力。
概要既是对前半部读的总结,又是对后半部写作话题的引入,其作用不可小觑。
因此,高考英语写作备考过程中,“概要写作”要尤其加强,应作为其中重要的一环。
现笔者结合自己的教学经验,谈谈如何进行概要写作。
一、掌握主要文体概要写作的基本框架,使概要有款有型概要写作首先要掌握各种文体的写作特点和框架。
如: 记叙文:5个W (what/who/when/where/why/how)议论文:opinion / idea + argument (supporting ideas / reasons)说明文:①phenomenon / problem / + reason + solution (cause and effect) ②introduction of an object (how it is made, how it is used, how it may change, what makes it new or significant)新闻:focus on the first paragraph and the first sentence and the last sentence of other paragraphs如2009年高考的读写任务所给的文章是篇说明文。
根据说明文的框架结构,考生很容易就在文章中找到文中需要概括的几个要点:现象:Koala生气;原因:koalas are repeatedly awoken from their deep sleep; they can be hugged and photographed by tourists;结果:the government is now moving to make the practice illegal考生根据上述要点就可以顺利写出概要了。
如何写好读写任务的概括
如何写好读写任务的概括概括的形式：“主题句+支撑句” 即“主题+主题的什么”。
(1) 记叙文概要模板a.点明写作目的类：The writer tells us…（主题）by showing us an example of…, who/which…（故事情节）.The writer tells us the importance of helping others by showing us an example of Tom who helpeda stranger to pay the gas.b.作者经历类：In the passage, the writer mainly tells us his experience of doing sth, which……In the passage, the writer mainly tells us his experience of climbing Mount Tiger, which is extremely exciting.c. 他人经历类：This passage is mainly about sb’s experience of doing sth…..This passage is mainly about Ken’s experience of planting trees on Tree-Planting Day.(2) 议论文概要模板The article gives the view that…should/shouldn’t…（主题）, which.…..（补充论据）.The article gives the view that we shouldn’t smoke in public, which is harmful to the people around us.The passage highlights(强调) the importance of sth…..Because…..（补充论据）.The passage highlights the importance of diligence(勤奋)/hardworking. Because people can’t succeed without hardworking.The author argues that…The author argues that China should take action to deal with air pollution.(3) 说明文概要模板a. 现象揭示类：This article points out the common phenomenon that-----…（主题), which…..（补充解释）.This article points out the common phenomenon that overusing mobile phone is harmful to students, which affects not only their study but also their health.b. 利弊对比类：The passage discusses the impact(影响)of sth. On the positive side…, but it may also….The passage discusses the impact of Internet. On the positive side, it is convenient to gain useful information, but it may also cost people a lot of time to be addicted to(沉迷) the Internet.c. 研究显示类：The study reveals(揭露) that…, which….（影响）The study reveals that 70% of students don’t have breakfast, which is harmful to their health. The purpose of the report is to show that…The purpose of the report is to show that we should raise the awareness of protecting the environment.。
如何写读写任务的概括
Now more and more teenagers try to be independent and even become rebellious. Now more and more teenagers try to behave independently and differently .
To hold her birthday party at the weekend, she bought many vegetables.
Nowadays more and more teenagers try to be more independent from their parents and sometimes become very rebellious. They always want to wear long and strange hair style, which their parents complain about a lot. They also spend too much time on the Internet and playing computer games.
Kate asked Paul not to put too much salt on his food, but Paul wouldn’t listen to her.
Discussion: Some skills for summary
Skill1: Skill2: Skill3: Skill4: 用概括性的语言 省略例子 省略细节 使用第三人称
How to sum up a paragraph:
What is a summary ?
to use your own words to tell the main idea of a passage.
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读写任务作文之如何写概括
“读写任务”其实是“读”和“写”的有机结合，“读”的材料是为了后面的“写”提供情景，同样，“写”也是对“读”的材料的思考和延伸。
概括的标准：抛弃次要，瞄准写作目的。
概括的步骤：
1.确定主题句。
2.寻找关键词。
3.重构主题句。
4.重组支撑句。
概括的形式：主题句+支撑句
议论文：文章论点（一句）+文章论据（两三句）
记叙文：故事的写作目的\主题（一句）+故事大意（两三句）
说明文：说明的对象\观点\现象+解释\分述
评分细则：
1.完全糊涂地照抄原文，连人称都不改的，0分。
2.机械死板地照抄原文，只改人称的，1分。
3.稍微灵活地抄原文，改主语、宾语、原文词序的，2分。
4.创造性地抄，改主语、宾语、原文词序还有句子结构的，3分。
5.结构、用词、词性变化比较好的，4-5分。
概括的具体写法
1.定时态。
2.定人称。
3.定技巧。
Skill 1: Omit the details.
Skill 2: Omit the repetitions.
Skill 3: Omit the examples.
Skill 4: Use general words instead of specific words.
Skill 5: Put the main points of a dialogue in indirect speech.
She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She brought home a lot of books to read during the vacation.
概括为：She brought home a lot of books to read during the vacation.
His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.
概括为：He was very brave in battle.
He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.
概括为：He was in financial difficulties.
概括中常用的句式或模板
1.议论文
The essay\passage\author highlights the importance of encouragement for students.
The essay\passage\author discusses the impact of email.
The essay\passage\author compares friendship with the comfort of home.
The essay\passage\author outlines the harmful effects of smoking.
The essay\passage\author argues in support of..., stating that...
The passage highlights the importance...
2.记叙文
点明写作目的：The writer tells us...（主题）by showing us an example of..., who\which...（故事情节）
作者经历类：In the passage, the writer mainly tells us his experience of doing sth., which...
他人经历类：This passage is mainly about sb’s experience of doing sth...
The passage is a story about...
3.说明文
现象揭示类：This article points out the common phenomenon...（主题）, which...（补充解释）利弊对比类：The article compares the disadvantages\benefits of A and B. A...while B...
研究显示类：The study reveals that...
4.通用型
According to the passage, we know...
This article is mainly about...
As can be learnt form the passage, ...。