科技英语
科技英语1
1．第1题单选题 Before you started to ______, make sure the road is clear ahead of you; otherwise it might lead to an accidentA、overworkB、overtakeC、overhearD、oversee标准答案：B2．第2题单选题 Theories have been proposed by astronomers to ______ electrical disturbances in the atmosphere.A、apply forB、allow forC、account forD、appeal for标准答案：C3．第3题单选题_____ he often forgot their wedding anniversary greatly annoyed his wife.A、AllB、WhatC、WhichD、That标准答案：D4．第4题单选题She heard a terrible noise, _____ brought her heart into her mouth.A、itB、thisC、whichD、that标准答案：C5．第5题单选题However much _____, it will be worth the money.A、the dictionary costsB、costs the dictionaryC、the dictionary will costD、does the dictionary cost标准答案：A6．第6题单选题 She devised a plan ______ they might escape from the tightly guarded prisonA、whereasB、whereinC、wherebyD、whereabouts标准答案：C7．第7题单选题The manager decided to give the job to_________he believed had a strong sense of duty.A、whoeverB、wheneverC、whateverD、wherever标准答案：A8．第8题单选题 He was so shy that he was always ______ to shrink up whenever attention was focused on himA、attendingB、intendingC、tendingD、pretending标准答案：C9．第9题单选题You screamed in your sleep last night. You _____ a terrible dream.A、must have hadB、must haveC、should have hadD、should have标准答案：A10．第10题单选题 Another comforting fact is that only 14 per cent of our household income is spent on our mortgages ______ 40 per cent in the late 1980sA、combined withB、dealt withC、compared withD、replaced with标准答案：C11．第11题单选题 Regarding a job interview, though personality is much more important, don’t ______ the importance of having a good appearanceA、overhearB、overcomeC、overtakeD、overlook标准答案：D12．第12题单选题Emphasis is laid on the necessity that all the objectives to be attained _____ into account before starting a new project.A、be takenB、had to be takenC、would be takenD、have to be taken标准答案：A13．第13题单选题Every boy and girl _____ not to swim in the lake, for it is polluted.A、 has been warnedB、 has warnedC、 have been warnedD、 have warned标准答案：A14．第14题单选题To his great surprise, Al's doctor insists _____ for three months.A、that he is restingB、that he will restC、 his restingD、that he rest标准答案：D15．第15题单选题 No plan for the future will be acceptable unless it ______ poverty and unemployment.A、abolishesB、abusesC、compelsD、commits标准答案：A16．第16题单选题 The police are trying to find out the ______ of the woman killed in the traffic accidentA、evidenceB、recognitionC、statusD、identity标准答案：D17．第17题单选题He hasn't come yet. What do you consider_________to him?A、happensB、has happenedC、had happenedD、will happen标准答案：B18．第18题单选题 As a ______ woman, she was then among the few mothers who sent their daughters to school and encouraged them to take part in social activities.A、sensitiveB、sensibleC、sentimentalD、senseless标准答案：B19．第19题单选题But for his sister's help, I _____ the work.A、could not finishB、would not finishC、should not finishD、would not have finished标准答案：D20．第20题单选题 Success in establishing a good night-time routine leads to increased confidence and happiness all round, making all the hard work well ______ the effortA、worthB、worthwhileC、legalD、worthy标准答案：A。
科技英语怎么说
科技英语怎么说社会上习惯于把科学和技术联在一起，统称为“科技”。
那么，你知道爸爸的英语怎么说吗?科技的英文释义：science and technologytechnology科技的英文例句：中国教育的主要目的是教授所需的科技知识以把中国变成现代化的社会主义国家。
The min purpose of Chinese education is to teach the science and technology needed to made China into a modern socialist nation.在很多地方，计算机能做数百万人的工作，因此它被广泛地应用在各个科技领域;;核物理、电气工程、机械工程等等。
In many places a computer does the work of a million persons, and so it is widely used in any branch of science and technology- nuclear physics, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, and the like.当你谈到科技的现实意义时，就传达了品牌的科技含量价值。
You unlock the equity when you really talk about themeaning of that science.科技观察家喜欢科技产业竞赛。
Tech watchers love the horse race aspect of technology industry competition.科技观察家喜欢科技产业竞赛。
Tech watches love the horse race aspect of technology industry competition.科技术语翻译历来是令许多科技译者“头痛”却不得不面对的问题。
科技英语的特点及翻译技巧
一、科技英语的特点
1、词汇特点
科技英语词汇具有专业性、精确性和简洁性。专业性指的是科技英语中大量使 用专业术语，这些术语通常具有明确的科学含义。精确性是指科技英语词汇的 选用力求准确，避免产生歧义。简洁性则是指科技英语倾向于使用复合词和缩 略词，以减少语言表达的冗余。
2、句法特点
科技英语句子结构通常较为复杂，多使用长句和被动语态。长句能够详细阐述 科学概念和原理，而被动语态则强调了客观性和准确性。此外，科技英语还经 常使用名词化结构（Noun Phrases）和定语从句（Adjective Clauses）等 语法结构，以增加信息的密度和清晰度。
科技英语的特点及翻译技巧
目录
01 一、科技英语的特点
03 参考内容
02
二、科技英语的翻译 技巧
随着全球化的加速和科技的发展，科技英语在当今社会中扮演着越来越重要的 角色。科技英语是一种专门用途英语（ESP），其特点主要表现在词汇、句法 和语境等方面。在翻译科技英语时，了解这些特点并掌握相应的翻译技巧是准 确传达信息的关键。
1、理解专业术语
科技文本中经常出现专业术语，因此理解这些术语是非常重要的。在翻译之前， 你应该了解相关的专业背景知识，以避免误解或误译。如果遇到不确定的术语， 可以查阅相关的专业词典或寻求专业人士强调客观事实。在翻译成中文时，应该尽量保 持这种被动语态的感觉，比如用“被”、“由”等词语来表达。同时，也应该 注意避免使用过多被动语态，以免使文本显得生硬不自然。
总之，科技英语的翻译需要结合其特点，灵活运用各种翻译技巧，以确保信息 的准确传递。通过不断提高自身的专业素养和语言能力，译者可以更好地服务 于读者，促进不同语言之间的科技交流与合作。
参考内容
科技英语翻译是一项重要的语言技能，它需要准确、客观、精练地表达原始信 息。由于科技文本的特殊性，如专业术语、长句、被动语态等，给翻译工作带 来了一定的挑战。以下是一些有用的技巧，可以帮助大家更好地进行科技英语 翻译：
科技英语
• 《Gone with wind》：
Home! I‘ll go home, and I‘ll think of some way to get him back. After all, tomorrow is another day.
• 《Titanic》：
Jack: Listen, Rose. You're going to get out of here. You're going to go on. You're going to make lots of babies, and you're going to watch them grow. You' re going to die and old, an old lady in her warm bed, not here, not this night, not like this. Do you understand me?
Word building（构词法）
• A common way of making new words in English is by adding standard combinations of letters to existing words, either at the beginning (prefixes) or at the end (suffixes).
- acryl-意为“丙稀”, -nitrile意为“腈”。通过词素语义 的分析“polyacrylonitrile”一词的汉意就弄清楚了,即“聚丙 烯腈”。
一些化合物的名称： methyltrichlorosilane 甲基三氯硅烷 聚四氟乙烯
polytetrafluoroethylene
《科技英语》课件
In the industry, scientific and technical English is used to write technical manuals, operation manuals, and product descriptions.
Academic research
In the academic community, scientific and technical English is widely used for paper publication, academic exchange, and research report writing.
Hale Waihona Puke 02CHAPTERTechnical English Vocabulary
Prototype
A scaled down or preliminary version of a product that is used to test and refine its design before full scale production
Promoting technological progress
Science and technology English is an important tool for disseminating new ideas, discoveries, and innovative achievements, which helps to promote the development and progress of science and technology.
01
Artistic Intelligence (AI)
科技英语的特点及翻译
科技英语的特点与翻译一、科技英语的特点科技英语（English for science and technology，EST）指与用于科学和技术交流方面的英语口语和书面语。
作为一种重要的英语语体，其特点主要体现在以下几个方面。
1、词汇方面大量使用专业词汇、复合词、缩略词及利用前后缀构成的派生词。
专业词汇意义专一，用来表示明确的含义。
科技词汇多源于希腊语和拉丁语，是因为这两种语言作为英语的重要来源，是世界上成熟最早和最完备的语言中的两种，词汇不再发生词形、词义上的变化，具有稳定性。
2、句子方面多使用长句和被动语态，大量使用名词化结构（nominalization）和非限定动词。
另外，各种成份（如介词短语、形容词及其短语、副词、分词及从句等）作定语并后置，多使用It…that…结构句型、被动结构句型、as结构句型、分词短语结构句型和省略句结构句型等常用句型。
名词化结构有利于行文简洁、表达客观、内容确切，也可使所含信息量增大，尤其是科技英语强调存在的事实，而非个别行为。
不定式短语、-ing分词短语和-ed分词短语这三种非限定动词形式具有齐备的语法功能，可代替各种从句，这样既可缩短句子，行文简练，结构紧凑，又比较醒目。
3、形态方面科技英语在时态运用上有限，多用过去时和现在时。
尤其是多用一般现在时，以表述无时间性的科学定义、定理、公式、现象、过程等。
另外，科技英语多用逻辑性语法词（logical grammatical operators），如表示原因的如because (of)、due (owing) to、as (a result of)、caused by、for等，表示语气转折的如but、however、nevertheless、otherwise、yet等，表示逻辑顺序的如so、therefore、thus、furthermore、moreover、in addition to等。
4、文体方面科技英语注重行文的连贯（coherence）、清晰（clarity）、流畅（fluency），避免行文晦涩、表露个人感情、过多运用修辞手法等。
科技英语的特点_0
6.借用法
许多科技名词和术语借用了专有名词, 科技英语词汇中借用的词有 人名，地名，商标名，外来语等。
例:借用人名:
物理学中的电力单位watt (瓦特)和电压单位volt (伏特) 分别源于 英国科学家James Watt(1736—1819)和意大利科学家Alexandro Volta(1745—1827)的姓氏。电流强度单位ampere(安培)源于法国科 学家Andre Marie Ampere(1775—1836)的姓氏，电阻单位ohm(欧 姆)，电感单位henry(亨利)， 电磁感应强度单位gauss(高斯)等等都 源于人名。
It is animals and plants which lived in or near water whose remains are most likely to be preserved, for one of the necessary conditions of preservation is quick burial, and it is only in the seas and rivers, and sometimes lakes, where mud and silt has been continuously deposited, that bodies and the like can be rapidly covered over and preserved.
例：
to make use of
利用
to give no evidence of 不足以说明
三、科技英语的句法特点
科技英语在句法上有着明显不同于一般英语的特点,主 要有以下几点:
a. 广泛使用长句
科技英文翻译方法
➢ well-known
carbon steel
rust-resistance
by-product
atomic weight
periodic table
acid ionization constant
activization energy
common ion effect
rate of a reaction
科技英语的教学目的
◆ 词汇★（构词法、词头、词尾、缩写词词汇的构成） ◆ 阅读与翻译★（较熟练地阅读和翻译英文化学文献） ◆ 写作（论文英文摘要和简单综述） ◆ 听、说能力
科技英语翻译基础
➢ 一、简介 ➢ 二、单词译法 ➢ 三、词类转换的译法 ➢ 四、句子成分转换的译法 ➢ 五、词序转变的译法 ➢ 六、被动语态 ➢ 七、后置定语 ➢ 八、长句（难句）
Ø Acids react with certain metals to produce hydrogen. Ø A mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen forms ammonia in
the reaction. Ø Silver hydroxide is easy to break down into the oxide
科技英语的语法特点
3. 复杂长句多
科技文章要求叙述准确，推理严谨，英语句子往往很 长，必须按照汉语习惯翻译成若干简单句。
ØObjectionable hydrogen sulfide is removed from such a gas or from naturally occurring hydrocarbon gases by washing with various alkaline solutions in which it is absorbed.
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perform 履行，执行，表演，演出consciousness 意识，知觉，自觉，觉悟emulate 效仿strive努力，力争，斗争biological 生物学的adaptability 适应性motel 汽车旅馆comsat 通信卫星The testing of machines by this method.用这种方式测试机器The substitution of some rolling friction for sliding friction.用滚动摩擦代替滑动摩擦。
Our bodies are heated by the consumption of sugar in the blood.人的体温是靠消耗血液中糖分来维持的。
Our material prosperity，the conveniences of life，and often life itself rest upon the development of our science.我们的物质繁荣、生活便利，而且往往生活本身，都依赖于科学的发展。
The increase of operation is a real advantage.这种运行速度的提高确实是个优点。
parameter 参数，变数，参量，变量authentication 证实，认证，鉴定modem 调制解调器have/get/obtain access to可以/有机会接近Friction can be reduced and life of the machine prolonged by lubrication.润滑能减少摩擦，延长机械寿命。
Salt is known to have a very strong corroding effect on metals.大家知道，盐对金属有很强的腐蚀作用。
Attention must be paid to the function of the machine.必须注意这台机器的功能。
Visitors are requested to show their ticket.来宾请出示入场券。
The speed of a generator is controlled by prime mover.发动机的转速受原动机的控制。
myriad无数的conflunce 汇合点，汇合处，汇合，汇集database 数据单元unprecedented 无前例的，前所未有的，空前的in some sense 在某种意义上说track sb/sth down 经追踪或搜索而发现某人/某物give sb the once-over对某人进行快速检查或核实keep a tab on sb 计入某人的帐，监视某人Space and oceans are the new world which scientists aretrying to explore.太空和海洋是科学家们努力探索的新领域。
Yet there exist complex computations in science and engineering which people are unable to make.到目前为止，在科学和工程方面还存在人们无能为力的许多复杂计算。
Electronics computers，which have many advantages，cannot carry out creative work and replace man.尽管电子计算机有许多有点，但它们不能进行创造性的工作，也不能代替人类。
promising 有希望的，有前途的prospective 预期的computational 计算的duplicate 复制的，两重的，两倍的，复制品，复写architecture 建筑，建筑学，体系机构，部件的有序安排A student of mathematics must be become familiar with all the signs and symbols commonly used in mathematics and bear them in mind firmly，and be well versed in the definitions，formulas as the technical terms in the field of mathematics，in order that he may be able to build up the foundation of the mathematical subject and master it well for pursuing advanced study.一个学数学的人必须熟悉并牢记常用的符号，还要通晓其术语定义和公式，才能打好数学基础，掌握好数学以便深造。
The loads a structure is subjected to are divided into dead loads，which include the weights of parts of the structure，and live loads，which are due to the weights of people，movable equipment，etc.一个结构物受到的载荷可分为静载荷和动载荷两类。
静载荷包括结构物各部分的重量。
动载荷则是由于人及可移动设备等重量而引起的载荷。
connectivity 连通性，联络性connector 连接器，连接口interface 接口，界面architectural 结构的，构造的，体系构造的integration 集成authenticate 验证authentication 身份验证，确认That substances expand when heated and contract when cooled is a common physical phenomenon.物体热胀冷缩是普遍的物理现象。
That a moving body has kinetic energy is an important theory.运动的物体具有动能是一项重要的理论。
Which of the three forms a substance will take depends on the kind of substance，and in its volume，temperature，and pressure.物质究竟取决于其中的哪一种取决于其种类、体积、温度和外界压力。
It is obvious that oil is lighter than water.显然，油比水轻。
It is important that science and technology be pushed forward as quickly as possible. 重要的是尽快把科学技术搞上去。
It appears unlikely that we will fulfill our task on time.我们好像不太可能按时完成任务。
It is not clear how accurate the result are.不清楚这些结果是否精确。
The fact is that electronic computer are of great benefit to the development of science and technology.事实是电子计算机十分有利于科学技术的发展。
The truth is that the current increase with every decrease of insistance.电流随每次电阻减小而增加，这是真理。
All of us know the truth that the world is made of matter.我们大家都知道世界是有物质构成的。
modeling 建模，模拟automation 自动控制，自动操作，自动化adaptive 适应的，适合的，有适应性的integrate 使成集体，集成aeronautical 航空的，航空学的accuracy 精确度The sewage disposal is the thief problem facing us.污水处理是我们面对的主要问题。
A generator is a machine which can change mechanical energy into electric energy.发电机是一种能把机械能转化为电能的机器。
China’s first menned spaceship returned safely to the Earth on October 16,2003.中国的第一艘载人太空飞船，于2003年10月16日安全地回到地球。
iterative 反复的，重复的，迭代的，反复体account for 导致，引起，做出解释convert into/to 把......转换为，把......改变为be essentical to 对......是必要的incorporate...in/into 将......包括进去，包含，编到......中with respect to 谈到The speed of the generator is controlled by the appropriate means.发动机的转速是受原动机控制的。
It is known to all that everything in the universe is in constant motion and constant change.大家知道，宇宙万物都是在不断地运动和变化。
The necessary quantity of data should be collected and analyzed.要把必要的资料收集起来，加以分析。
theoretical 理论化simplify 单一化，简单化persistence 坚持，持续Friction neglected，the output will be equal to the input.如果不计摩擦，输出将和输入相等。
A change is not a chemical change unless it result in forming a new substance.一种变化要是不能生成新物质，就不是化学变化。