九年级 u8 stonehenge
人教版九年级英语（素材）Unit8HOWWASSTONEHENGEBUILT
人教版九年级英语（素材）Unit8HOWWASSTONEHENGEBUILTHOW WAS STONEHENGE BUILT?The fact that Stonehenge was not built overnight does not in any way diminish the scale of the undertaking. But how could this have been achieved by a Neolithic society? Given the sheer size and weight of the stones, what ingenious devices were employed? And what of the stones?They are not typical of the local geology- indeed, the source of the bluestones, the first stones erected, has now been traced tothe Preseli Mountains of south-west Wales. Somehow these enormous stones were transported to the Salisbury Plains. The stones were surely too heavy for timber rollers. Perhaps they were transported on sledges, on greased tracks of wood, pulled by rope that had been made from the plant fibre of the indigenous lime bark soaked in water for weeks. Modern engineering simulations have surmised that the massive uprights were hauled into place then tipped, using stone counterweights, into position, demonstrating an understanding of the centre of gravity.The technology was staggering. For example, even though the ground is slightly sloping, the lintels are perfectly horizontal. The craftsmen employed carpentry techniques - the lintels were dressed with mortises that would have fitted securely on to the tenons on top of the supporting sarsens, while tongues similar to toggle joints linked each lintel in the outer circle to its neighbour. It was in effect an enormous three dimensional stone puzzle.To get the 9 ton lintels into place, the most likely method of construction may have been via the use of an earth ramp piledup against the uprights. The lintels would then have been hauled up the ramp by ropes into their exact position.Whatever the methods used, for we are still not certain, they demonstrate an astounding level of both achievement and ambition.WHY WAS STONEHENGE BUILT?As to the purpose of Stonehenge, again we can only surmise. But clearly, the very scale of this unique megalithic structure suggests that the area itself was of importance. But for what?Was Stonehenge a temple to the gods? Who were the gods? It is tempting to assign the giant sarsen stones to astrological alignement. The danger here is that you can find an alignement to almost anything if you search hard enough.But one presents itself immediately - Stonehenge is aligned northeast-southwest, and it has been suggested that particular significance was placed by its builders on the solstice and equinox points, so for example on a midsummer's morning, the sun rose close to the Heel Stone, and the sun's first rays went directly into the centre of the monument between the arms of the horseshoe arrangement. It is unlikely that such an alignment can have been merely accidental.[.Com]Or is this too simple? Turning 180 degrees, another alignment becomes apparent…..at the precise moment of the winter solstice, the sun sets exactly between the largest sarsen stones.To validate this, we must look at the society of the time. It had become a society now dependent on the seasons, which determined the success of agriculture. Would mid-winter have been more important to a society that had now becomedependent upon the fortunes of these seasons? Psychologically, mid-winter would have been more of a critical turning point than the balmy days of summer.Perhaps therefore it is a mistake to overstate the monument’s spiritual significance. Certainly the area had been of importance prior to its construction, but it had become more than that - Stonehenge was a clock, a clock that foretold the time not only ofthe solstices but perhaps also of sun and lunar eclipses. This is not to say, however, that the priests did not utilise this very functionalism for religious importance - he or she who could announce or predict the return of the growing season would have wielded great power.WHEN WAS STONEHENGE BUILT?[.Com]Archaeologists have now been able to establish when the construction ofStonehenge began.Between 3100 and 2800 BC the Great Cursus 300 yards from Stonehenge had been constructed - nearly one and a half miles long and 150 yards wide, on an east-west alignment. This was a ditch hewn in the chalk 6 feet deep and wide, and would have appeared brilliant white in the green of what had now become pastureland. Was this used for chariot racing by the ancient Britains, from 'cursus', the Latin term for race course? Or was it a processional way, a path for the dead? The placing of burial mounds, known as the Cursus Barrows, on their edges may support this view.Around 2700 BC, the henge was constructed. Using only picks made of deer antlers, a ditch about 6 feet deep was dug. The spoil from the ditch was used to make the bank on the inside. On the north-east of the henge, an entrance was created by agap in the ditch and bank. Within the bank, a circle of fifty six pits known as the Aubrey holes were dug.Over the next 200 years, between 2700 and 2500 BC, a large number of wooden posts were erected. The ones at the north-eastern entrance may have served as markers for astronomical measurements, in particular the extremes of the moonrise and moonset. Other scholars feel these may have guided people through narrow paths to the ceremonial centre, adding a mystique to the entry. When looked at from the centre of the monument, we can see that the entrance stakes line up - these small posts are six rows deep. The four larger posts furthest away are located in what was later to become the Avenue leading to the north-east. They were perhaps 1m in diameter, possibly whole tree trunks.From about 2500 BC onwards, the first stones arrived. The bluestones were erected and the Avenue, a grand-scale earthwork monument sweeping nearly 2 miles from the River Avon to the north-eastern。
Unit8SectionB2a-2e阅读课件人教版英语九年级全册
Another
cIetntmuriiegshatgbo e a On midsummer’s morning,
popular idea
kind of c_a_l_e_n_d_a_r_.
the sun _s_h_in__es__d_ir_e_c_t_ly__ into the center of the stones.
Read Para. 1 and fill in the table.
General introduction
Name:_S_t_o_n_e_h__e_n_g_e Place:_B__r_i_ta__in_____
Materia and
shape:_R__o_c_k__c_ir_c_l_e_____
How? Who?
One of the greatest mysteries is _h_o_w__i_t_w__a_s_b_u_i_lt_. Why?
Because the stones are so _b_i_g__ and _h_e_a__v_y_.
We don’t know who built it but the builders must have been _h_a_r_d_-w__o_r_k_in_g__ and a great_p__la_n_n_e_r__.
Stonehenge, a rock circle, is not only one of Britain’s most famous historical places but also one of its greatest mysteries. Every year it receives more than 750,000 visitors. People like to go to this place especially in June as they want to see the sun rising on the longest day of the year.
新人教版九年级英语Unit8 Stonehenge精品课件
Stonehenge, a rock circle, is _______one of Britain’s most not only but alsoone of its greatest mysteries. famous historical places, _____ As for its mysteries, different people have different opinions where Most historians thought Stonehenge was a temple _____ ancient leaders communicated with the gods._______,others However because believed it might be a kind of calendar _____ it directly related to the sun. ____some other people hold the view that But the stones can prevent illness _____ while keeping people healthy. Although no one is sure what Stonehenge was used for, they agree that the position of the stones must be for a special purpose. In 2001, some volunteers tried to build another Stonehenge, _____ but failed.
the sun a medical purpose prevent illness while keeping people healthy
九年级-u8-stonehenge
celebrate victory.
7). Perhaps we might never know why it is there ,b___u__twe do know they must have
Height: 6meters Weight: 30~50 tons
Why is it so popular?
If you were a visitor, what do you want to know about it?
How
When
Why
Stonehenge
Where
Who What
Stonehenge ------ CIsanitAanmyoynseteEryxpolrainoWt?hy It Is There?
பைடு நூலகம்
Stonehenge.
adding information
giving reasons
Information sheet:
shape: _________a__circle place: __________B_ ritain one of the most famous_____________ placheisstoanridcaglreatest____________
Grade 9 Unit 8 Stonehenge--- Can Anyone Explain Why It Is There?
What are they? What do you think of the stones? Do you know the name of this place?
九年级人教版Uint8 sectionB Stonehenge
ask 3 2b It is a group of hengs(圆形石结 构),and it was built before 2000BC.Exactly why it was built is unknown but it must have had religious and political significance . Although in popular mythology(神 话)Druids(巫师)are connected with Stonehenge(巨石阵),they were Celtic(凯尔特的)priests who arrived much later.
Task 3
2b
2.Before you read
Look at the title and the picture. Then answer the questions below. 1.What it is in the picture? Some stones. 2.What does the passage may talk about? It may talk about the history of Stonehenge.
2b
1.Scan the whole text and underline the linking words and phrases.
not only...but also as
or but
however and
because
plete the sentences using the words 2d from the chart in 2a on page 22. so a lot of people 1.Midsummer day is in June ____ go to Stonehenge during this month. 2.The sun shines straight into the center of as the stones were put in a special Stonehenge ___ position. 3.Some people think the rocks can _______ not only stop people from becoming ill _______ but also keep them healthy. or 4. We don’t know who built Stonehenge ______ how it was built. 5.Historians think Stonehenge was built about 5000 years ago; _________ however they’re not sure.
新人教版九年级英语下册《nit 8 It must belong to Carla. Section B 2a—2e》教案_4
Unit 8 《Stonehenge—Can Anyone Explain Why It Is There?》—Section B 2b-2c 教学设计教学年级：九年级课题名称：《Stonehenge—Can Anyone Explain Why It Is There?》Section B 2b-2c教学版本：Go for it时间：40分钟Part 1 Analysis of the teaching material1.Status and FunctionThe selected teaching material is a reading passage, activities of 3b-3c. It mainly talks about Stonehenge. Such a topic can arouse students’ interests to express their feelings about the nature mystery. In this lesson, students are required to master the identifying conjunctions or phrases.2.Key points and difficult pointsThe key point is to master the new words and expressions and some key sentences.The difficult point is to enable students master correct reading skills. Part 2 Analysis of the studentsThe students in Grade 9 have learned English for some years. They have some basic abilities of listening , speaking ,reading and writing. They have mastered some new words and phrases .They have not learnedsome information about Stonehenge before. It will be a little difficult for them to learn the passage. So I will pay more attention to those who have difficulties in English study.Part 3 Analysis of the teaching aimsAccording to the new curriculum standard, I hope I can achieve the following aims in this class.1).Language aimsAfter the class, Students will master the basic meaning of the new vocabulary. They will know some basic knowledge about Stonehenge. 2).Ability aimsBy the end of this lesson , the students will improve the students’ reading skills.3).Emotional aims:Teach students that we should enjoy the beauty of our world.Part 4 .Analysis of teaching methods and teaching model1.Teaching methodsStudents are the real masters in class while the teacher acts as a director and in order to achieve my goal, I will use the following teaching methods.1.Task-based teaching and learning: I can design several tasks to allow the students to finish the learning task.2.Cooperative learning. Through group work, students can learn how tocooperate well with the others.municative teaching method.2.Teaching aidsIn order to practice my teaching methods better ,I will make good use of the multimedia. It’s more vivid and clear to use multimedia.3.Teaching modelI use the student-centered teaching model in this class .The students should be seen as the center of the class. It can enable learners to learn the lesson more actively and efficiently.Part 5 Teaching procedureAccording to the teaching aims, I will divide the teaching procedures into 6 steps.Step 1:Revision(1).Review the language goal of making inferences.Eg: Whose money is this?Whose mobile phone is this?It could/might be________.It must be_______.It can’t be _______.Step 2 Pre-reading1) Show the students the new words and expressions and ask them to recite the new words one by one.2) Show the picture in this page and the title of the passage to the students and ask them to predict what the passage mainly talk about. Purpose: Check if the students have read the new words and expressions and cultivate their ability to predict.Step3 While-readingPurpose : to enable students to understand the given material better by using different reading skills.1.Fast reading(3a)Read and match the main idea with each paragraph.Para. 1What is it?Para. 2 Who built it?Para. 3What is it?Para. 4What is it used for?2.Intensive reading.1. Read the first and the second paragraph carefully and fill in the blanks. It is a rock circle.It receives more than 750,000 visitors.It is in Britain.They want to see the sun rising on the longest day of the year.2.Read the second paragraph and then fill in the blanks.3.Read the third paragraph and finish the sentences.1. Stonehenge might be ________________.2. Other people believe the stones have _________________.3. Most people agree that the position of the stones must be for _________________. Some think it might be ____________ or a place to ________________. Others think it was built to __________________.4.Read the last paragraph and fill in the blanks.Stonehenge was built slowly over a long period of time. Most historians believe it _______ almost 5000 years old. One of the greatest mysteries is ______________ because the stones are so big and heavy. Paul says, “We don’t really know who built Stonehenge, and perhaps we ______ never know, but we do know they ____________ hard-working—and great planners.”Step 4 Post-readingThe purpose of the step is to give students practice in using the target language.1.Read the article and underline the linking words and phrases.2.Read the article and complete the chart in 2c.plete the sentences with the correct linking words.Task 3 Discussion. Ask the students to discuss the questions with three or four partners.Can you think of any other mysteries, either in China or another part of the world, that are similar to Stonehenge?What do you know about these mysteries?What is mysterious about them?Discuss them with your group.Step 5 SummaryPurpose:This activity will help students to summarize the target language .I will ask the students to sum-up the knowledge that is learned in this class together with me.Step 6 HomeworkPurpose:This activity will help students to consolidate the target language we have learned today. From their homework, I will find out what the students have mastered and what they haven’t .1. Review the new words and expressions you’ve learned today.2. Read the articles in Learning English.3. Preview the new words and expressions.4. Preview 3a-3b on P63-64.Part 6 Blackboard DesignStonehenge—Can Anyone Explain Why It Is There?—Section B 2b-2cStonehenge1.a rock circle2.in Britain3.a temple4.a kind of canlendar5.a medical purpose6.a burial place7.celebrate a victory。
人教版九年级英语(学案)Unit 8 Section B2 学案
While-reading:Task 1: Skim the passage and then answer the questions below.1. Where is Stonehenge?2. Who built Stonehenge?Task 2: Read and match the main idea with each paragraph.Task 3: 见课本62页Activity 2b 。
Task 4: Read the first paragraph and then answer the following questions.1. What’s Stonehenge?2. Why do people visit Stonehenge in June?Task 5: Read the second paragraph and then fill in the blanks. Para. 1 Para. 2 Para. 3 Para. 41. Who built Stonehenge, when it was built and how it wasbuilt are still mysteries.2. Historians have different ideas about what Stonehengewas built for.3. Stonehenge is not only a famous historical place, butalso a great mystery.4. Different ideas about the purpose of Stonehenge.Historians Historian Paul StokerOpinions believed Stonehenge was a_______ where ancientleaders tried to_______________ the gods•thinks _______________because _____________________________•points out the leadersarrived in England____________Task 6: Read the third paragraph and finish the sentences.1. Stonehenge might be ________________.2. Other people believe the stones have _________________.3. Most people agree that the position of the stones must be for _________________. Some think it might be ____________ or a place to ________________. Others think it was built to __________________. Task 7: Read the last paragraph and fill in the blanks.Stonehenge was built slowly over a long period of time. Most historians believe it _______ almost 5000 years old. One of the greatest mysteries is ______________ because the stones are so big and heavy. Paul says, “W e don’t really know who built Stonehenge, and perhaps we ______ never know, but we do know they ____________ hard-working—and great planners.”Task 8: 见课本63页Activity 2c。
【最新】人教版九年级英语Unit8-SectionB-stonehenge 精品课件
How many mysteries about Stonehenge are mentioned in paragraph 4? A.1 B.2 C.3
Careful reading
Read Part.1, and fill in the blanks.
.
a rock circle . 1.Stonehenge looks like _____________
Part3(para4)details: Mysteries : Who and How Must be 5000 years old Who built it How built it
Language points
1 Stonehenge, a rock circle, is not only one of Britain’s most famous
Ideas about what Stonehenge was used for A temple to communicate with gods.
A calendar. A medical purpose to prevent illness and keep healthy. A burial place to honor ancestors. A place to celebrate a victory over an enemy.
The question "why" is a bit more problematic.
Stonehenge--Can Anyone Explain Why It Is There
Fast reading
What's the main ideas of this passage?
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Stonehenge
Para. 2 B. Who built it?
Para. 3 C. What is it?
Para. 4ຫໍສະໝຸດ D. How was it built?
adding information
giving reasons
Information sheet:
shape: ___a__c__i_r_c_l_e place: _B__r_i_t_a_i_n___ one of the most famous___h_i_s_t_o__r_i_c_a_lplaces and greatest_m__y__s_t_e_r_i_e_s_ the number of the visitors: __o__v_e__r__7_5_0,000 the best time to visit: __J_u__n__e____
If nobody can explain, then we call it a mystery.
Tips: Get information from the title and the picture.
Stonehenge---Can Anyone Explain Why It Is There?
Stonehenge
Facts
Para. 1
Mysteries
Para. 2, 3 and 4
Read for details
1. Wha1t.’sLothoekloofoSktoofnSehtoennegheenge?
Stonehenge is a rock circle.
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Purpose
Historians’ Popular
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Match the main idea with each paragraph.
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Para.1 A. What was it used for?
Grade 9 Unit 8 Stonehenge--- Can Anyone Explain Why It Is There?
What are they? What do you think of the stones? Do you know the name of this place?
Stonehenge
Height: 6meters Weight: 30~50 tons
Why is it so popular?
If you were a visitor, what do you want to know about it?
How
When
Why
Stonehenge
Where
Who What
Stonehenge ------ CIsanitAanmyoynseteEryxpolrainoWt?hy It Is There?
giving reasons
They are mysteries about Stonehengeh
▲When was it built?
▲How was it built ?
▲Who built it?
Work together to finish the mind map.
Historians believed it was ate_m__p_le__.
3. Wha3t’.sBthesetbteimstetitmo evitsoitvSistoitntehhisenpglaece?
They like to go in June
As they want to see the sun rising on the longest day of
the year.
as a temple where ancient leaders tried to communicate with the gods.
a kind of calendar It's a mestery!
have a medical purpose. might be a burial place or a place to honor ancestors. celebrate a victory over an enemy.
2. How2i.mImpoprotartnatnicseSotof nSetohneenhgeen?ge
It is not only one of Britain’s most famous historical
places but also one of its greatest mysteries.
Q: This article will talk about ______. A. the history of Stonehenge BB.. tthhee mmyysstteerryyooffSStotonnehehenegnege C. the use of Stonehenge
Tips: Read the first sentence of each paragraph carefully.
Scanning: Why is it there? ---What was it used for? how many ideas?
think believe idea
giving a choice
and keep
CDainffearneynotnpeeeoxpplelaihnavwehdaitffietrwenats irdeeaalsly used for?