定语从句笔记.doc
初中定语从句笔记
初中定语从句笔记定语从句是英语中的一个重要语法结构，它可以用来修饰名词、代词或者名词性短语，起到限定或者补充说明的作用。
掌握定语从句的使用方法对于学习英语来说非常关键。
本文将对初中定语从句进行详细笔记，以帮助同学们更好地理解和运用这一语法结构。
一、什么是定语从句定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的一个从句，用来修饰名词、代词或者名词性短语。
定语从句通常在句中位于被修饰词的后面，用来进一步解释和限定这个词的含义。
二、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词包括that, who, whom, whose, which等。
它们分别代表不同的对象，根据被修饰词的不同而选择相应的关系代词。
1. 关系代词that关系代词that可用来修饰人和物，用来引导定语从句时可以省略。
例句1: The boy that is standing over there is my brother.翻译: 那个站在那边的男孩是我的弟弟。
例句2: This is the book that I bought yesterday.翻译: 这是我昨天买的书。
2. 关系代词who/whom关系代词who用来修饰人作为主语，而whom用于修饰人作为宾语。
在现代英语中，whom的使用较少，一般情况下我们都用who代替。
例句1: The girl who is playing the piano is my sister.翻译: 正在弹钢琴的女孩是我的妹妹。
例句2: The boy whom I met yesterday is a famous actor.翻译: 我昨天遇见的男孩是一位著名的演员。
3. 关系代词whose关系代词whose表示所有关系，用来修饰人或物。
相对于汉语中的“的”，它在定语从句中通常出现在被修饰词的后面。
例句1: This is the house whose roof is red.翻译: 这是那座屋顶是红色的房子。
定语从句笔记归纳1
定语从句笔记归纳That专区定语从句中只能使用th at的情况1.当先行词为a nythi ng，everyt hing，nothin g等不定代词时，只能使用“that”。
例：Is thereanythi ng that I can do for you?我能给你做点什么吗?2.当先行词为a ll，any，much，many词时，只能使用“that”。
例：Tom told her mother all that had happen ed.汤姆把事情的全部情况告诉了他的妈妈。
3.当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时，只能使用“that”。
例：This is the most wonder ful time that I have ever had.这是我度过的最美好的时光。
4.当先行词是序数词修饰时，只能使用“that”。
例：He was the firstperson that passed the exam.他是第一个通过考试的人。
5.先行词被th e only，the very，the same，the last修饰时，只能使用“that”。
例：This will be the last chance that he can get.这将会是他得到的唯一机会。
6.先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能使用“that”。
例：They talked of things and person s that they rememb eredin the school.他们谈论他们记得的有关学校的事和人。
7.当主句是以w ho，which开头的特殊疑问句或先行词是who时，只能使用“that”。
例：Whichis the book that he bought from the librar y yester day?哪本是你们昨天从图书馆借的书？不能用tha t1.非限定性定语从句不能用t hat2.当先行词是不定代词且明显指人时例子：anyone who ———————————————————————————————————————Who专区只能用who1.当先行词是不定代词且明显指人时例子：anyone who ———————————————————————————————————————Which专区1.用于非限定性例子：The sun heatsthe earth， whichis very import ant to us.2.在“介词＋关系代词”结构中，关系代词必须用whic h。
定语从句笔记归纳1
定语从句笔记归纳1一、定义定语从句是一种与主句形成逻辑上的完整意义的从句，它的功能是修饰主句中的某一名词、代词或其他形式。
它以关系副词（关系代词）或关系介词开头，然后接一完整的从句。
二、种类1、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词有 who, whom, which, that 和 whose 五种，分别引导三类定语从句：人称定语从句、物主定语从句和指示定语从句等。
（1）人称定语从句从句中的关系代词 who 或 whose 用于指人，引导定语从句时可替换主句中的名词或代词；whom 用于宾格；由 whose 引导的定语从句，可修饰名词或代词，一般与 of which 等省略句等形式媲美；由 which, that 和 what 等引导的定语从句，可指示主句中的人或物。
在疑问句中使用 that 引导的定语从句，一般是陈述句的意思。
关系介词主要有 in which, at which, on which, to which, from which, with which, by which 等，这些介词后加完整的从句形成关系介词短语，作主句中名词或代词的定语，可改变其后加从句时只有在定语从句中才能正确表达的意思。
三、特殊状况（1）当主句含有几个并列的定语时，如果定语从句修饰的名词是前面的几个定语的总称，仍然用 which 引导定语从句；（2）在强调句中，定语从句修饰的名词大多用 that 引导；（4）在并列连词或关系副词前，非限定性定语从句用 which 引导，限定性定语从句则用 that 引导；（5）在分词引导的定语从句中，分词前一般有关系副词，定语从句中可以有一个所修饰的名词，也可以没有；（6）不定式引导的定语从句由to do 引导，定语从句修饰的名词放在不定式前。
定语从句笔记
• 无逗号即限,有逗号非限 • 关系所用词 （who;whom;whose;which;that）
随着先行变 (先行：即被从句修饰的指人或物的 词是先行词 )
• 限定先(行)指人 who; whom要当先, that紧跟前 eg: We know the students (who/that are very naughty in our school).
as we all know; as we expected as everyone knows, as everyone can see as is known to all; 特殊： 限制性定从中先行词被so, such 修饰，关代用as
定语从句特殊用法归纳
as引导的非限制性定语从句 1) 位置灵活，可以置于主句的句首、句中或句末； 2) 先行词不可是一个词，必须是整个主句或主句的部
eg:The doctor (who/whom/that)we are talking about can speak French.
eg:The person (whom/who) I spoke to just now is our teacher 。
若前有介词 只许which;whom接，并且不省略。 eg:The teacher for whom you are waiting is coming. eg: This is the book to which I referred in my talk.
非限先(行)指人 who;whom两可兼， that滚一边 eg:His father , whom he loved dearly , died last year. eg:He has a sister , who works in Shanghai is called Liping.
定语从句笔记
定语从句笔记一、定义定语从句是在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that，which，who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where，when，why等。
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
三、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去。
非限制性定语从句与主句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。
四、关系代词的用法●that既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。
在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。
例如：Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。
（that作主语）The coat （that）I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。
（that作宾语）●which用于指物，在句中作主语、宾语或表语。
作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。
例如：The building which stands near the train station is our school.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是我们的学校。
（作主语）The film （which）we saw last night was wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。
（作宾语）●who，whom用于指人，who是主格，在定语从句中作主语，whom是宾格，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略。
例如：The teacher who is talking with my father is Mr Wang.正在和我爸爸谈话的那位老师是王老师。
定语从句专项笔记总结
定语从句专项笔记总结定语从句专项笔记总结定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的修饰名词或代词的从句，是一种形容词性的从句。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
1．关系代词：who whom whose which that关系代词引导从句，代替先行词，在从句中充当一个成分，如：主语、宾语、定语等，所以在作主语时，动词的数要和先行词的数保持一致。
who----可作主语、宾语，作主语时，只能用who, who作宾语时是非正式This is the man who helped me.whom---作宾语（正式用法），在介词后只能用whom人 This is the man whom I met in the street yesterday. (正式用法)This is the man who I met in the street yesterday. (非正式用法)whose-who的属格形式，用来指人，也可以用来指物that--- 可代替who ,whomWhich----可作主语，宾语物 eg. The watch which was lost has been found.eg. The fish (which) we bought were not freshthat-------可作主语，宾语eg. The letter that I receive was from my father.当关系代词充当介词宾语时，可以把介词提前，也可以不提前，但是在含有介词的动词固定搭配中，介词只能放在原来的位置eg. This is the teacher whom he worked with .This is the teacher with whom he worked .eg. This is the book for which you asked.This is the book which you asked for.eg. This is the pen which he has been looking for. (look for词组中for不能提前)先行词是人时，常用who而不用that 的情况：a. 关系代词在从句中作主语时，多用who，eg. I will pardon him who is honest.b. 先行词为 all one ones anyone those 等时，eg. All who heard the news were excited.c. 在以there be 开头的句子中，eg. There is a girl who wants to see you.d. 当先行词后有较长的修饰语时，eg. He met a boy in the street yesterday who could speak English fluently.先行词指物的特殊情况：1．必须用that的情况：a. 先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级修饰时，eg. This is the first job that I have taken up.This is the most interesting novel that I have ever read.b. 先行词是不定代词,something somebody nothing anything 等或是 all little much 时，eg. There is something that I want to tell you.c. 先行词被all any every each few little no some much only none both either neither 等修饰时，eg. I have read all the books that you lent me.d. 先行词被the only, the last, the very…修饰时,eg. This is the only method we can use.e. 先行词又有人又有物时，eg. They talked about things and persons that they know in the school.f. 主句以who 或which开头时，eg. Who is the old man that speak to you just now ?g. 先行词指物时，且在There be 句型引导的定语从句中，eg. There is a house that has three windows.h. 关系代词作表语时，eg. China is no longer the place that it used to be.2. 必须用which 的情况：a. 个非限制性定语从句，b. 句子末尾的介词提前时，只能用which,c. 关系代词后有插入语时,eg. This is the book which, as I have told you, will help you to improve your English.（这就是我跟你说过的，能帮你学好英语的那本书。
英语定语从句知识点总结笔记
英语定语从句知识点总结笔记定语从句是英语中的一个重要语法结构,用来修饰名词或代词,表示一个名词或代词的性质、特征、状态或情况。
下面是英语定语从句知识点的总结笔记:1. 定语从句的位置:定语从句通常放在被修饰词的后面,而且定语从句和被修饰词之间用冒号或连接词隔开。
2. 定语从句的类型:有两种定语从句:关系代词定语从句和关系副词定语从句。
关系代词定语从句用来修饰名词,而关系副词定语从句用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。
3. 定语从句的规则:定语从句有两个基本规则:a. 用来描述名词或代词:定语从句只能用来描述名词或代词,不能用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。
b. 位置规则:定语从句应该放在被修饰词的后面,而且定语从句和被修饰词之间用冒号或连接词隔开。
4. 关系代词的用法:关系代词用来替代名词或代词,例如:a. her:代替名词“她”。
b. him:代替名词“他”。
c. us:代替名词“我们”。
5. 关系副词的用法:关系副词用来修饰动词、形容词或副词,例如:a. because:因为。
b. however:然而。
c. even:即使。
d. never:从来不。
6. 举例说明:例如:a. The book that you have been reading is very interesting.(你所读的那本书非常有趣。
)b. The man who I met in the store is my friend.(我在商店遇到的那个男人是我朋友。
)c. The car that you drive is a beautiful one.(你驾驶的那辆车非常漂亮。
)以上是英语定语从句知识点的总结笔记,希望对你有所帮助。
定语从句笔记归纳1
定语从句笔记归纳11.关系代词that指人/物，作主语时不可省，作宾语一般可省which指物，作主语不可省，作宾语一般可省who指人，作主语；口语中有时也作宾语，作宾语一般可省whom指人，做宾语，一般可省whose指人（sb's）/物（sth's）（多指人，指物时可与of which互换），作定语as指人/物，作主语或宾语2.用that而不用which的情况❶先行词既有人又有物❷主句是which或who开头的特殊疑问句e.g.Which of the books that had pictures was worth reading?❸先行词是序数词或最高级（或前面有序数词/最高级修饰时）❹先行词有every，each，no，some，the only，the very，the last，the same修饰❺先行词是all，much，few，little，any，none，the one（共同点：有“唯一”或“全部”的概念，以致不可选择），something，everything，anything，nothing等不定代词或被这些词修饰时e.g.Tell me everything that you know.❻先行词在主句中作表语，且关系代词在从句中也做表语（此时句子一般有类比的含义）e.g.Our school is no longer the place that it used to be.3.用which而不用that的情况❶非限制性定语从句❷关系代词前有介词时一般用which❸先行词为that或thosee.g.What's that which flashed in the sky just now?❹限制性定语从句中，若有两个定语从句，一句用that，另一句宜用whiche.g.Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open.4.用who而不用that的情况❶先行词为指人的不定代词，如one，ones，anyone，no one，nobody，anybody，none，all❷there be结构中先行词指人❸先行词为people或those❹一个句子中有两个定语从句，且先行词都指人，一个用that，另一个宜用who注：who可以引导非限制性定语从句5.主谓一致❶关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词单复数根据先行词而定（如those who are...）❷one of + 限定词 + 名词复数 + 定语从句（谓语动词用复数）e.g.She's one of my best friends that are studying here.❸the only/the very/the right one of + 限定词 + 名词复数 + 定语从句（谓语动词用单数）6.as若用于such... as...，the same... as...等结构中，不可省（先行词被the same修饰时也可用that，但that表示同一事物）e.g.Such books as I have read are classical works.（我所读过的书都是经典著作）e.g.This is the same pen that I lost yesterday.（这正是我昨天丢的那支钢笔（同一个））e.g.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.（这支钢笔和我昨天丢的那支一样（同一类））若引导非限制性定语从句代替整个主句，该从句可放在主句前、主句后或主句中间（which引导非限制性定语从句修饰整个主句时只能位于主句后，可译为“这一点”）。
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学习必备定语从句Part 1 定语从句定义及概述什么是定语从句？(1)定语从句：在复合句中作定语修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
(2)先行词：被定语从句修饰的词，叫做先行词。
(3)关系词：分为关系代词和关系副词，在从句中担当一定成分。
Eg.I will never forget the girl（先行词）that（关系词） I met yesterday in the street（定语从句） . ※定语从句两个必须 :★先行词在从句中必须作一个成分；★先行词所作的成分必须空缺。
Part 2 关系代词引导的定语从句项目关系词先行词所指关系词在从句中的作用关系词thatwhichwho关系代词whomwhoseas1.关系代词 that 的用法用法：既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常_______。
1)This is the factory that produces cars.作(_____,指物 )2)The girl that spoke to me just now is my classmate.作( ______,指人 )3)The film (that) we saw yesterday is interesting. 作(______，指物 )※关系代词 that 的特权和禁区1.特权：行使特权的条件：（1）限定性定语从句（即从句前无逗号）；（2）介词没有提前。
2.禁区：有两种情况下，关系代词不会用that,指物时用 which；指人时用 who/whom。
（1）___________________（即从句前有逗号）；（2）_________提前时。
2.关系代词 which 的用法用法：指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。
1)China is a country which has a long history.作(主语 )※只用 that 不用 which 的情况：欢迎下载(1)______________________________This is the best book that I have ever read.(2)________________________________The first book that I bought was about how to learn English.(3)先行词是 _________________等不定代词或由 some, any, every, no等词构成的复合代词时）I did all that I could do at that time.There was little that the doctor could do for the patient.(4)当先行词被 ______________________修饰时。
The only thing that he can do is to say sorry to her.(5)先行词 ____________________Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?(6)主句已有疑问词 ________/_________时。
Which is the book that you like?Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?(7)当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系词在从句中也作表语时。
He is no longer the man that he was ten years ago.※只用 which 不用 that 引导定语从句的情况：(1)当关系代词前有 _______时。
A desert is a great plain in which nothing will grow.(2)引导 ________________________时。
The students was late for class 7 times a week, which made her teacher mad.(3)一个句子中有两个定语从句时，为避免重复，一个用that，另一个宜用 _________。
(4)当先行词本身是that 时。
That which I had known about made them surprised.3.关系代词 who 的用法用法：指人，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。
1)I know the man who spoke to you just now.(作主语 )2)She is not the girl who she was.作(表语 )先行词是人时，常用who 而不用 that 的情况：a. 关系代词在从句中作主语时，多用who，eg. I will pardon him who is honest.b. 先行词为等时，eg. All who heard the news were excited.c.在以 there be 开头的句子中，eg. There is a girl who wants to see you.d.当先行词后有较长的修饰语时，eg. He met a boy in the street yesterday who could speak English fluently.4.关系代词 whom 的用法用法：指人，who 的宾格，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略，在口语中可用 who 或 that 代替。
Here is the man (whom/who) you are looking for.I have a friend who likes listening to classical music.Is that the man with whom you arrived yesterday?5.关系代词 whose的用法用法：可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。
1)This is the scientist whosename is known all over the world.(指人 )2)The room whose windows face the east is mine. 指(物）Whose +n.= ___________________________= ______________________________6.关系代词 as 的用法用法：既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
它常用在 the same as ,such as ,as as 等句型中 ,as 不能省略。
1)Such teachers as know Tom think him bright.( 指人，作主语 )2)I’ll buy the same dictionary as you have.(指物，作宾语 )※关系代词 as 的选择(1)当先行词中有 _______________等修饰语时；如：Never promise such things as you can’tachieve.This is so good a movie __as__we all wish to see.(2)当________________置于句首时；如：As is known to all, the earth travels around the sun once every year.As we had expected, the students who had cheated in the exams were punished.(3)当先行词中有 the same 修饰时，有时用 that 也有时用 as 来引导定语从句。
二者意思稍有不同。
如：This is the same shirt as I wore yesterday. _______________________________This is the same shirt that I wore yesterday._________________________________※关系代词的省略有两个条件： (1)限定性定语从句；(2)作宾语或表语。
E.g. Women _______ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those ________ don’t. （2006 北京高考）A. who ; 不填B. 不填 ; whoC. who ; whoD. 不填 ; 不填Part 3 关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词先行词所指在句中所作成分Whenwherewhy※特别提醒： when, where 既能引导限定性定语从句，也能引导非限定性定语从句，而why 通常引导限定性定语从句。
如：That is the day when he got married.That is the time when all of us lived together as a family.That is the factory where I used to work.That is the reason why he was fired.(1)表示时间的先行词除了 time 之外，还有： day, morning, afternoon, evening, night, week, month, year 等；(2)表示地点的先行词除了 place 之外，还可以是 desk, table, spot, room, house, school, stree town, country 等,还有表示抽象意义的地点名词： _________________________________ (3)表示原因的先行词一般只有 ____________一个。
1.关系副词使用的几种变化1)关系副词通常也可以用“that+介词后置”代替或省略；2_在正式文体中，也可以使用“介词+which ”的结构。
That is the river that I used to swim in. (that +介词后置 ) That is the river I used to swim in. (省略 )That is the river in which I used to swim. (介词 +which)归纳： where/when = _______ + __________; why = ______ + __________2.介词 +which 结构中的介词选择问题1)介词与 _______________之间的搭配关系；I still remember the time when (at which) I first became a high school student.There are several areas in the city where (in which) you can buy clothes in fashion.2)介词与 ________________的搭配关系。