商务英语专有名词
国际商务英语专有名词表
国际商务英语专有名词表Unit Oneinternational business exports/importsexporter/importerpatentstrademarkscopyrightsinternational trade transportationtourismbankingadvertisingconstructionretailing/wholesaling insuranceeducationmass communication specializationabsolute advantage comparative advantage input/outputopportunity cost opportunity cost ratios exchange rateoperating costsbank credit agreements clearing arrangements trade in goodstrade in servicesvisible goods/invisible goods international investments balance of payments foreign direct investment (FDI)manufactured goods cultural conflicts negotiationmarketingbusiness administration business public relations businessman businesspeoplesubsidiary/subsidiariesjoint venturesaffiliated businesses general manager executivesCEOcommercial riskfinancial riskspolitical risksregulatory riskstax risksantitrust lawsdouble taxationcommercial creditcommercial lendingpurchased merchandise onaccountadvances on salescommercial billa qualified lenderbank loanscurrent ratiocash assetsoutstanding indebtednesscollateralcredit historyfinancial profilethe commodity economyindustry capitalbusiness enterprisespersonal creditcreditorsliensinternational businessmanagementcreative consciousnessthe capacity of working onone’s ownglobal economic integrationinternationalizationWTOUruguay RoundGATTNegotiation forumDoha Development Agendatrade rulesside-effectswell-beingtrade disputesagriculturetextiles and clothingtelecommunicationsgovernment purchasesgovernment procurementindustrial standardsproduct safetyfood sanitationregulationsintellectual propertytrade withoutdiscriminationGATSTRIPs Agreementmost-favored-nation(MFN)customs duty ratecustoms dutiestariffsnational treatmenttransparencyTrade Policy ReviewMechanismannexpredictable and growingaccess to marketsfree-tradeimport bansquotaspredictabilitythe bound ratestransition economiesfair competitiondumpingsubsidieseconomic reformthe least-developedcountriesUnit Twointernational tradeworld tradeoverseas tradeindustrializationadvanced transportationglobalizationtransnational corporations2trade restrictions governmental quotas export tariffstrade barriersraw materialscapital-intensive products land-intensive products labor-intensive commodities heavy construction equipmentindustrial machinery consumer goodslabor costsproduction facilities farming technologymass production economic benefits domestic marketnatural resources technology resources human resourcescost of productionpolitical strengthtastespreferencesconsumption patternsre-export/re-import favorable trade balance active trade balanceexport surplustrade surplusunfavorable trade balance adverse trade balance import surplustrade deficitexport trade, import trade and transit tradedirect trade, indirect trade and entrepot trade tangible trade and intangible tradebarter trade and free-liquidation trade direct transit trade and indirect transit tradethe bonded warehouse the domestic transportationlinewarehouse chargestransshipmentprocessorIncotermsCISGUCP600bargainingan intervening mediumcash tradeterms and conditionsbusiness correspondenceletters, telexes, cables, faxes,e-mails, etc.inquiry/enquiry, offer,counter-offer, acceptanceand conclusion of a contractdocumentary creditshipment documentssettlementanalytical studycredit standingcapacityspecificationstrade termsFOB, FCA, FAS, CFR, CPT,CIF, CIP, EXW, DAF, DDU,DDP, DES, DEQ,L/Cshipping spacecharter a shipimport entryimport inspectionsmarket research, creditinquiry, making contactscontractual termsMOFTECChinese Embassyforeign trade corporationschambers of commerceinquiry agenciesbusiness connectionsinquirera bank referencetrader, dealertrade shows, direct sales,direct mail,manufacturer’srepresentatives, wholesalersand distributorsthe consulate officeICCannual sales volumebusiness culturebusiness negotiationbusiness talksinternational fairsthe China ExportCommodities Fairthe export sales contractforce majeuretile documentsthe total volume of tradepractitionersan essential conditionthe mandatory supervisionthe prerequisitecustoms formalitiesa certificate of qualitytraditions and practicesUNCTADairfreight, sea freightopen accountaccuracy, completeness,conciseness and promptnessgovernment controldocumentscommercial documentstransportation documentsinsurance documentsfinancial documentsgeneral useimport licenseforeign exchange licenseexport licensecertificate of origininspection certificateconsular invoicecustoms invoicethe licensing authoritiescentral banks3customs clearance economic sanctionsa notary publicthe country of destintion preferred import statusthe place of manufacture the Import and Export Commodity Inspection BureauChina Council for Promotion of International Tradethe Generalized System of Preferences (GSP)EUpreferential import duties Certificate of Origin of Textile ProductsExport Licenses of Textile ProductsShipment Certificate of Textile ProductssurveyorInspection Certificate of QualityInspection Certificate of WeightInspection Certificate of QuantityInspection Certificate of Health and Veterinary Inspection Certificate Inspection Certificate of QuarantineAQSIQthe importing countrythe exporting countrypro forma invoice commercial invoicequality certificateweight certificate preliminary invoicea quotationan irrevocable letter of creditconsular documents Buyer’s referenceOrder number/indentnumberInvoice number and dateExport or import licensenumberMethod of dispatchShipment termsNames and addresses of theseller and the buyerCountry from which theshipment is madeDescription of the goodsRebate or similar incentivesSignature of the exporterapplication form forinternational moneytransferdrafts (bills of exchange)banker’s draftcommercial draftsight drafttime draft (usance draft)application for documentaryletter of credit and letter ofcreditcash in advanceremitterdrawer/draweepayor, payer/payeethe payment instrument30 days sight50 days after sight90 days after the date of thisdraft30 days after the bill ofladingMethod of adviceDate of expirybeneficiaryadvising/paying/confirmingbankpartial shipmentsport of shipmentairport/port of dischargeairport/port of loadinga payment undertakingshipping notepacking listbill of ladingrail/road consignment noteair waybill (AWB)parcel post receiptcombined transportdocumentsarrival notificationon board his vessela delivery or receipt notea Mate’s Receiptthe on-board bill of ladinga supplimentary documentinsurance claimsclaim settlementsconsignor/consigneeplace of deliveryshipping markscontainer numbercarriershipperbulk cargocubic measurementgross weightthe notified partyrail transportthe departure/destinationstationtransferable or negotiablean instruciton sheeta straight or non-negotiablebill of ladingright of disposalthe shipping brokerthe insurer (insurancecompany), underwriterthe insuredan indispensable adjunctinsurance policyinsurance certificateopen policyinsurance coveragePICCmutual consent4legal avoidancebreach of contractcargo readiness customary packages seaworthy shipment packingCISGsole ownershipindustrial property rightL/Cfund shortagemarket fluctuation payment routelate shipmentthe amendment notification the shipping orderdelivery documents working fundsshipping operationtaking deliveryinspection reportUnit Threebusiness negotiationsocial interaction consultationbargainingmediationarbitrationlitigationwin-winprinciple/integrative bargaining/interest-based bargainingequality principlesincere cooperationkeep it flexible and fluid positional bargaining mutual success convergence of interests equality and mutual benefit law statusnegotiation strategies and tacticsthe negative effects preparation for negotiationthe negotiating teamgathering of informationthe negotiation briefan essential preconditionthe factual requirementinner depletionextra expensework-loadproduction organizaitoninvestment distributiona development projectan engineering projectthe chief negotiatortechnologistfinancial expertlegal specialistbackup onespublic relationscontingency abilitiescapital guaranteethe power of the collectivethe optimal effectexplicit responsibilitiesthe cooperation ofnegotiatorsa clear job-divisionthe cooperation betweenon-stage people andout-stage onesrepresentatives and deputiesfavorable moral charactersnecessary psychologicalmakingsnecessary professionalknowledgefavorable language skillsfavorable polical makingsthe physical factors (thetempo, intensity, flexibility,stability and so on )sanguine peoplebilious peoplephlegmatical peopledepressed peoplethe factual needsgeneralistscommercial warsbilateral and multilateralcommunicationidentifying issuesissues and objectivesa competitive negotiationa noncompetitivenegotiationa responsible sourcea contract priceinfrastructurelogistics systemsub-contractorsbusiness scopeannual sales volumespaybacka feasibility studypolitical and socialbackgroundsocial and economic analysisdetailed analysislocation and sitemain costsmanpowerschedul implementationfinancial and economicevaluaitonalternative approachesthe basic components andimplicationsplant capacitymarket demandoverhead costsadministrative overheadsa timeframefixed investmentsnet working capitalestimatesnegotiating brief andnegotiating planmemoranduman invitation to offeran invitation to make a bidpromotional communicationsales literature5offeror/offereeselling offer/buying offer offer with engagementoffer without engagement firm offerirrevocable offercommon practicea usual practicequotation sheetsfinal confirmationa contractual relationship purchase contractagency arrangement exclusive sales agreement absence of feedback satisfactionself-reinforcementtwo human biasesthe confirmation bias egocentrismmediocrityself-esteemseparate people from the problemfocus on interests not positionsbe well preparedbe patience and integrity legitimate concerns personal attacksblue-eyed weakness offensive and defensivea defensive-offensive stance a neutral stanceoutright acceptance outright rejectionqualified rejectiona nimble attackthe barrier of language cooperative language style competitive language style a longstanding relationship one-off contractsan all-purpose excuse deceptive strategiesjargon acronymscontractionstechnical termslanguage principlescourtesy, conciseness, clarity,correctness,constructiveness andconcessiontrade-offdeadlockmulti-nationsmulti-nationalitiescultural analysissub-cultural dynamicsinterculturalcommunicationbreakdownintergroupencode and decodecultural literacycultural implicationsgeneral guidelinesverbal/nonverbalfacial expressonseye contactgesturesbody movementsposturephysical appearancespacebody languageorientationmonochronic andpolychronicdominant culture settingssocioeconomic classcultural conflictsbusiness normsa sophisticated protocolguest-host relationshipunwritten rulesa fallback positionlinear communicationUnit FourInternational trade termsa price/export quotationsincidental chargesa foreign trade merchantIncoterms2000the price of commoditythe unit pricea name of currency, a unitprice, a measuring unit, atrade term, and a name ofdestination or shippingplacemiscellaneous expensesinternational rules andpractices on trade termsWarsaw-Oxford Rules 1932Revised American ForeignTrade Definition 1941The American Chamber ofCommercethe National ImportersAssociationthe American Foreign TradeAssociationthe US Export Quotationsand Abbreviations in 1919EX-point of originEx Factory, Ex Mill, ExMinenamed inland carriernamed inland of departurenamed point of destinationnamed place of destinationnamed port of destinationnamed port of shipmentnamed point of exportationnamed point of importationnamed point/placenamed inland point incountry of importationFreight Prepaid ToFreight Allowed ToC&F, EX-DOCKthe ship’s railthe risk of loss or of damagesales contract6the mode of transportmulti-modal transportsea or inland waterway transport/transportation marine insuranceobtain insurance only on minimum coverthe buyer’s/seller’s obligationsthe export/import permit and export/import traxthe loading/unloading cost the insurance premiumthe sea freightthe seller’s/buyer’s premises customary packing/manner a contract of carriageMT(metric ton) subsequent carriersthe first carrierat the disposal of the buyer basic/special packingthe loading berthib/IBa land frontierwarehouseterminaltransport stationcommon misconceptions property rightsvariants of Incoterms under tackleliner termsFOB trimmed/towedentry feeUnit Fivepricingpricing principlesprice and unit pricethe accompanying services the pulse of the marketsthe price of commodity, the unit price: a nature of currency, a unit price, a measuring unit, a tradeterm and a name ofdestination or shippingplacecost structurecosts of production, sellingand delivery costs, andcustoms dutiesancillary costthe factory pricefixed costsvariable costscommissionssales trip expensespricing methodslong-term objectiveshort-term objectiveprofitabilitymarket shareannual budgetssales volumecost-based pricingbreak-even pricingmarginal cost pricingmargin of profit, profitmargintarget costingthe break-even point (BEP)FC, P, VCtotal fixed pricemortgage interest/paymentsreal estate taxesmarginal costthe direct coststhe variable overheadsmoney of accountmoney of paymenthard currencysoft currencyvehicle currencyforeign exchange ratesforeign exchange riskfloating exchange ratesexposurehedgeforward marketforward ratespot marketbrokerage housesforward contractintermediary servicequantity discountcash discountspecial discountnet pricepricing strategiesthe marketing mixfollowing-the-leader pricingpenetration pricingcost-oriented pricingdemand-oriented pricingretail pricingthe break-even pointmarketerscomponent partsutilitiessuppliersoperating expensesadvertising campaignsmanufacturersfranchise marketersthe U.S Small BusinessAdministration (SBA)government regulationsload weightsspeed limitsa unit price: currency unit,unit price figure,measurement unit anddelivery termsinitial priceUnit Sixinternational transportationocean transportrail transportationair transportationcontainer transportinternational multi-modaltransportationsea ports7carrying capacityliner transportcharter transport / tramp transportthe four fixed: fixed sailing date, fixed route and fixed ports to call at, and relatively fixed freight rate consignor/consigneethe intermediate ports freight: basic freight + surchargesthe basic freight ratethe tariff of freight rate W, M, W/M, Ad Val., W/M or Ad Val.per metric tonweight tonper cubic meter measurement tonfreight toncharge surcharges transshipment surcharges fuel surcharges overweight and overlength surchargesa charter party: the charterer and the ship ownerbulk cargocrude oilraw timbertime chartervoyage charterthe loading/unloading rate demurragedispatch moneyliner term, free out (FO), free in (FI), free in and out (FIO)scheduled airliners chartered planes consolidated consignments by freight forwardersFull Container Load (FCL) Less than Container Load (LCL)a door to door servicedesk-to-desk serviceport to port shipmentthe Container FreightSation (CFS)the point of originthe place of destinationa multi-modal transportoperatorthe general carrierconveyancesub-carriersmarine bills of ladingseaway billsairway bills (AWB) or airconsignment notescombined transportdocumentsinland transport waybills(road waybill or CMRconsignment note andrailway bill or cargo receipt)courier receipt or postparcel receiptsshippingthe bill of lading (B/L)a traded objecta contract of carriagea receipt of goodsa title documentin apparent good orderparties of a bill of lading:the carrier and theshipper/the consignor, theconsignee, the notify partyand the transferee /theendorsee /holderdifferent ordersdemonstrative orderrestrictive orderbearer order“to order” and “to the orderof the shipper”“to the order of the issuingbank”“to the order of theimporter”“to bearer”under collectionnon-paymentnon-commercialtransactionsbe left blank“to the named consignee(importer)”blank endorsementspecial endorsementthe shipping company (thecarrier)the charting vesselthe voyae numberthe port of receipt/the portof loading/the port ofshipmentthe port of destination/theport of discharge/the port ofdeliverythe premises of theimporter/exportermarks and numbersboxes/cartons/casesbe prepaid or collectedfreight prepaid/freightcollectoriginal B/L, copiestypes of bill of ladingon board B/L (or shippedB/L) and a received forshipment B/Lin one’s custodyclean (or unclaused) B/Land unclean (or foul) B/Lnegotiable B/L (order B/Land bearer B/L or open B/L)and straight B/L (ornon-negotiable B/L or anamed consignee B/L)direct B/L andtransshipment B/Llong form B/L and shortform B/L8liner B/L and chartered B/L on deck B/Lstale B/Lante-dated B/L & advanced B/Lcontainer B/Lcontents leaking, packaging spoiled by contents, packaging broken / holed / torn / damaged, packaging contaminated, goods damaged / scratched, packaging badly dented, packaging damaged and contents exposed, insufficient packing, cases short shipped, goods unprotected / unboxed / partial protected, etc. Combined Transport Document (CTD) Combined Transport Operator (CTO)the estimated date of departure (ETD)the estimated time of arrival (ETA)forwarderNVD: no value declared The flight dateCMR, CIMadditional protocolEMS, DHL, UPS, FedEx the post officea courieran expedited delivery serviceexpedite (a.) servicesperils and lossesperils of the sea, maritime losses , maritime expenses lightergeneral perils of the sea and extraneous risksnatural calamities (vile weather, thunder, lightning, tsunami, earthquake, flood,etc.)fortuitous accidentsgeneral extraneous risksand special extraneous riskstheft, pilferage,contamination, leakage,breakage, sweating and/orheating, taint of odor,rusting, hook damage, freshand/or rain water damage,short-delivery andnon-delivery, shortage inweight, clashing, etc.political or military affairsor administrative ruleswar, strike, heightened duty,rejection, etc.total loss and partial lossactual total loss andconstructive total lossgeneral average (G. A.) andpartial average (P. A. )sue and labor expensessalvage chargesmarine insurance clausesthe acope of cover,exclusions, commencementand termination of cover,duty of the insured, time ofvalidity of a claim, etc.basic insurance andadditional insurancebasic marine insurancecoverage: FPA (Free FromParticular Average), WPAand All risksadditional risksgeneral risks and specialrisksCIC (China InsuranceClauses)warehouse to warehouseclause11 general additional risks:theft, pilferage andnon-delivery risk (TPND),fresh water and/or raindamage risk (FWRD), clashand breakage risks, leakagerisk, shortage risk,intermixture andcontamination risks, taint ofodor risk, sweat an heatingrisks, rust risk, breakage ofpacking risk, hook damagerisk8 special additional risks:war risk, strike risk, failureto delivery risk, import dutyrisk, on deck risk, rejectionrisk, aflatoxin risk, fire riskextersion clause for storageof cargo at destination inHong Kong, includingKowloon, or Macao (FREC)import and export cargoinsurance practicesinsurance amount andpremiumclaim for lossesadvice of lossesshipping clause(transportation clause )time of shipmenttime of deliverythe port/place of shipmentand destinationpartial shipment / shipmentby installmentstime policy, voyage policyand mixed policyinsurance policy, insurancecertificate, combinedcertificate and open policyunvalued policy and valuedpolicy9。
电子商务英语专业名词
电子商务英语专业名词1. IntroductionWith the advancement of technology and the widespread use of the internet, electronic commerce (e-commerce) has become an integral part of our dly lives. As a result, the need for specialized vocabulary and terminology in the field of e-commerce has also grown. In this document, we will explore some of the mostcommonly used English terms in the realm of e-commerce.2. E-commerce Terminology2.1. B2C (Business-to-Consumer)B2C refers to the business model in which businesses sell products or services directly to individual consumers. This is a common model used by online retlers such as Amazon and eBay.2.2. B2B (Business-to-Business)B2B is a business model in which businesses sell products or services to other businesses. This type of e-commerce often involves bulk purchases and long-term relationships between buyers and sellers.2.3. C2C (Consumer-to-Consumer)C2C refers to e-commerce transactions that take place between individual consumers. These transactions typically occur on platforms likeCrgslist or eBay, where individuals can buy and sell products directly to each other.2.4. DropshippingDropshipping is a fulfillment method in which online retlers do not keep the products they sell in stock. Instead, they partner with suppliers who ship the products directly to the customer. This allows retlers to operate without the need for inventory or a physical store.2.5. E-paymentE-payment refers to the electronic payment methods used in online transactions. Popular e-payment methods include credit/debit cards, digital wallets, and cryptocurrency.2.6. SSL (Secure Socket Layer)SSL is a security protocol used to ensure secure communication between a web server and a client’s web browser. It encrypts the data transmitted, protecting it from potential threats such as hacking or interception.2.7. SEO (Search Engine Optimization)SEO is the practice of optimizing a website’s visibility and ranking on search engine results pages. This involves techniques such as keyword research, content optimization, and link building, with the goal of increasing organic traffic to the website.2.8. CRM (Customer Relationship Management) CRM is a strategy and software system used by businesses to manage interactions with customers. It involves collecting and analyzing customer datato improve customer service and develop targeted marketing strategies.2.9. Conversion RateConversion rate is the percentage of website visitors who complete a desired action, such as making a purchase or filling out a contact form. It is an important metric used to evaluate the effectiveness of marketing campgns and website design.2.10. Omni-channelOmni-channel refers to the integration of multiple channels, such as physical stores, websites, and mobile apps, to provide a seamless shopping experience for customers. It allows customers to switch between channels while mntning consistent service and access to products.3. ConclusionAs e-commerce continues to grow and evolve, it is important for professionals in the field to be familiar with the specialized terminology used.This document has provided an overview of some of the most commonly used English terms in the realm of e-commerce. By understanding and using these terms correctly, professionals can effectively communicate and navigate the world of e-commerce.。
商务英语名词总汇
Unit 1Acquisition 收购Alliance联合联盟Board 董事会Budget 预算Commitment 承诺许诺Confidentiality 保密Hierarchy 等级体系In-road 进展Jargon 行话Minutes 会议记录Panacea 万能药Rapport 友好关系交往Snippet 一小部分片段Strategy 行动计划策略Subsidiary 子公司Transit 运输运送Unit 2Advent 出现来临Bureaucracy 官僚机构Chassis 汽车，飞机底盘Commercial 广告Commission 佣金Constraint 限制Endorsement 签署Identification 认同密切相关之感Integration 一体化Promotion 宣传促销Slogan 标语口号Spectrum 系列范围幅度Sponsorship 赞助Teaser 广告战前的小序曲Turnover 营业额Wholesaler 批发商Unit 3Accessory 附件配件Bid 出价Correlation 相互关系关联Defect 缺陷Equation 综合体Flyer 小广告传单Franchise 产品经营特许权Imposition 强加Intermediary 中间人Rung 梯级Profile 简介概况Query 询问疑问Referral 介绍推荐Retention 保留保持Revenue 收入收益Takeover 接收接管Warranty 担保书保证Unit 4Chauffeur 汽车司机Chunk 相当大的数量Conglomerate 集团大企业Flair 生性天赋天才Forefront 最前列Fringe 边缘Haulage 公路或铁路托运Ingredient 因素成分Innovation 革新改革instalment 分期付款Intuition 直觉Logistics 后勤物流Mailshot 邮寄广告Nepotism 裙带关系Pulp 纸浆Recession 经济衰退Ruthlessness 坚定Stamina 持久力耐力毅力Unit 5Allotment 分配分派Appraisal 评价评估Bonus 奖金红利Bounty 奖励报酬Burnout 耗尽筋疲力尽Favoritism 偏爱厚待Incentive 鼓励奖励Laptop 笔记本电脑Masseur 男按摩师Morale 士气Paternity 父权父道Perk 额外补贴Redundancy 报酬Row 争吵Subsidy 补助津贴Tribunal 法院法庭Unit 6Accountancy 会计Agenda 议事日程Agent 代理人经纪人Apprehension 忧虑焦虑Catastrophe 灾难Consultancy 咨询公司Corruption 腐败Devaluation 贬值Extortion 勒索敲诈Fraud 诈骗Incidence 发生率Initiative 倡议Insolvency 破产Merchandise 商品Plethora 过多过剩Profile 注意形象Retailor 零售商Sanction 制裁Share 股份Unit 7Brokerage 经纪业Discount 打折折扣Drought 干旱E-commerce 电子商务Expenditure 费用Extranet 外联网Fad 时髦Fluctuation 波动起伏涨落Helpline 服务热线Invoice 发票清单Marketer 市场上的卖主Megastore 规模很大的商店Outlet 批发商店零售公司Overheads 管理费用Proposition 建议提议Segment 某一类市场特定的产品Unit 8Catalyst 刺激的因素Compensation 赔偿金补偿金Confines 界限范围Confrontation 对抗冲突Culprit 罪魁祸首Extrovert 性格外向的人Retribution 应得的惩罚Rivalry 竞争对抗Synergy 协同作用Unit 9Asset 资产Collateral 抵押物Concession 让步妥协Discrepancy 不同差异Equity 普通股Expertise 专门知识专技Interest 利息Liabilities 债务Overdraft 透支额Sanctuary 庇护所避难所Shark 放高利贷者Stake 股份股本Subsidy 补贴Unit 10Empathy 同感Equivalent 等价物Frills 无用的装饰虚饰Mortgage 抵押贷款Peak 顶点顶峰Refund 退款Teller 出纳员Unit 11Advert 广告Allegation 宣称Backup 备用替代Batch 一批Bribe 贿赂Casualty 死亡者受伤者Compassion 同情怜悯Contingency 意外事件紧急情况Ethics 道德规范Fine 罚金Fury 暴怒狂怒Hazard 危险危害Malpractice 玩忽职守Manifest 货物或旅客舱单Mission 任务Seepage 渗漏Stakeholder 利益相关者Unit 12Autocrat 独裁者Bugbear 吓人或讨厌的东西Depot 仓库Disparity 差距Echelon 领导系统中的等级High-flier 很有成就的人Indictment 控诉Initiative 首创精神进取心Parameter 参数Questionnaire 调查表问卷Trait 特征Workforce 工人总数Workload 工作量。
商务英语专业术语表
商务英语专业术语1．询盘inquiry。
2．发盘offer。
3．还盘counter-offer。
4．接受acceptance。
5．商品品质quality of goods。
6．商品数量quantity of goods。
7．装运shipment。
8．装运日期date of shipment。
9．贸易术语trade terms。
10．付款方式terms of payment。
11．保险insurance。
12．索赔claims。
13．不可抗力force majeure。
14．仲裁arbitration。
15．合同合同contract。
16．销售代理sales agent。
17．购货协议purchase agreement。
18．贸易伙伴trading partner。
19．佣金commission。
20．海运提单maritime Bill of Lading。
21．供应链管理supply chain management。
22．跨国企业multinational corporation。
23．对外贸易foreign trade。
24．关税tariff。
25．贸易制裁trade sanctions。
26．贸易战trade war。
27．经济全球化economic globalization。
28．跨境电商cross-border e-commerce。
29．互联网金融internet finance。
30．一带一路Belt and Road Initiative。
31．贸易展览会trade fair。
32．商务洽谈business negotiation。
33．市场营销marketing。
34．品牌建设brand building。
35．企业文化corporate culture。
36．人力资源management personnel。
37．职位招聘job recruitment。
38．绩效评估performance appraisal。
商务英语专业名词缩写
16. GNP :Gross National Product
17. EEO :Equal Employment Opportunity
18. EDI :Electronic Data Interchange
19. NI :National Insurance
8.physical difference
9.relative resource mobility
10.product dif ferentiation
11.marginal revenue
12.marginal cost
13.opportunity cost
14.capital gain tax
5. MFN :Most Favored Nation
6. EEC :European Econo mic Community
7. NAFTA :North American Free Trade Agreement
8. NT :National Treatment
9. BOP :Balance Of Payments
30.proportional tax
31.flat tax
32.standards of living
33.full employm ent
34.National treatment
应税所得 递减税 比例税 单一税制 生活水平 充分就业 国民待遇
35.anti-dumping and countervailing duties 反倾销税
一、 缩写
关税与贸易总协定 世界贸易组织 对外直接投资
国际商务英语专有名词表
Unit Oneinternational business exports/importsexporter/importerpatentstrademarkscopyrightsinternational trade transportationtourismbankingadvertisingconstructionretailing/wholesaling insuranceeducationmass communication specializationabsolute advantage comparative advantageinput/outputopportunity cost opportunity cost ratios exchange rateoperating costsbank credit agreements clearing arrangementstrade in goodstrade in servicesvisible goods/invisible goods international investments balance of paymentsforeign direct investment (FDI)manufactured goodscultural conflicts negotiationmarketingbusiness administration business public relations businessman businesspeoplesubsidiary/subsidiariesjoint venturesaffiliated businessesgeneral manager executivesCEOcommercial riskfinancial riskspolitical risksregulatory riskstax risksantitrust lawsdouble taxationcommercial creditcommercial lendingpurchased merchandise onaccountadvances on salescommercial billa qualified lenderbank loanscurrent ratiocash assetsoutstanding indebtednesscollateralcredit historyfinancial profilethe commodity economyindustry capitalbusiness enterprisespersonal creditcreditorsliensinternational businessmanagementcreative consciousnessthe capacity of working onone’s ownglobal economic integrationinternationalizationWTOUruguay RoundGATTNegotiation forumDoha Development Agendatrade rulesside-effectswell-beingtrade disputesagriculturetextiles and clothingtelecommunicationsgovernment purchasesgovernment procurementindustrial standardsproduct safetyfood sanitation regulationsintellectual propertytrade without discriminationGATSTRIPs Agreementmost-favored-nation(MFN)customs duty ratecustoms dutiestariffsnational treatmenttransparencyTrade Policy ReviewMechanismannexpredictable and growingaccess to marketsfree-tradeimport bansquotaspredictabilitythe bound ratestransition economiesfair competitiondumpingsubsidieseconomic reformthe least-developed countriesUnit Twointernational tradeworld tradeoverseas tradeindustrializationadvanced transportationglobalizationtransnational corporationstrade restrictionsgovernmental quotasexport tariffs1trade barriersraw materialscapital-intensive products land-intensive productslabor-intensive commodities heavy construction equipment industrial machinery consumer goodslabor costsproduction facilitiesfarming technologymass productioneconomic benefitsdomestic marketnatural resources technology resources human resourcescost of productionpolitical strengthtastespreferencesconsumption patternsre-export/re-import favorable trade balance active trade balanceexport surplustrade surplusunfavorable trade balance adverse trade balanceimport surplustrade deficitexport trade, import trade and transit tradedirect trade, indirect trade and entrepot tradetangible trade and intangible tradebarter trade and free-liquidation tradedirect transit trade and indirect transit tradethe bonded warehousethe domestic transportation linewarehouse charges transshipment processorIncotermsCISGUCP600bargainingan intervening mediumcash tradeterms and conditionsbusiness correspondenceletters, telexes, cables, faxes,e-mails, etc.inquiry/enquiry, offer,counter-offer, acceptance andconclusion of a contractdocumentary creditshipment documentssettlementanalytical studycredit standingcapacityspecificationstrade termsFOB, FCA, FAS, CFR, CPT,CIF, CIP, EXW, DAF, DDU,DDP, DES, DEQ,L/Cshipping spacecharter a shipimport entryimport inspectionsmarket research, creditinquiry, making contactscontractual termsMOFTECChinese Embassyforeign trade corporationschambers of commerceinquiry agenciesbusiness connectionsinquirera bank referencetrader, dealertrade shows, direct sales,direct mail, manufacturer’srepresentatives, wholesalersand distributorsthe consulate officeICCannual sales volumebusiness culturebusiness negotiationbusiness talksinternational fairsthe China ExportCommodities Fairthe export sales contractforce majeuretile documentsthe total volume of tradepractitionersan essential conditionthe mandatory supervisionthe prerequisitecustoms formalitiesa certificate of qualitytraditions and practicesUNCTADairfreight, sea freightopen accountaccuracy, completeness,conciseness and promptnessgovernment controldocumentscommercial documentstransportation documentsinsurance documentsfinancial documentsgeneral useimport licenseforeign exchange licenseexport licensecertificate of origininspection certificateconsular invoicecustoms invoicethe licensing authoritiescentral bankscustoms clearanceeconomic sanctionsa notary publicthe country of destintionpreferred import status2the place of manufacturethe Import and Export Commodity Inspection BureauChina Council for Promotion of International Tradethe Generalized System of Preferences (GSP)EUpreferential import duties Certificate of Origin of Textile ProductsExport Licenses of Textile ProductsShipment Certificate of Textile ProductssurveyorInspection Certificate of QualityInspection Certificate of WeightInspection Certificate of QuantityInspection Certificate of Health and Veterinary Inspection Certificate Inspection Certificate of QuarantineAQSIQthe importing countrythe exporting countrypro forma invoice commercial invoicequality certificateweight certificate preliminary invoicea quotationan irrevocable letter of credit consular documents Buyer’s referenceOrder number/indent number Invoice number and date Export or import license numberMethod of dispatch Shipment terms Names and addresses of theseller and the buyerCountry from which theshipment is madeDescription of the goodsRebate or similar incentivesSignature of the exporterapplication form forinternational money transferdrafts (bills of exchange)banker’s draftcommercial draftsight drafttime draft (usance draft)application for documentaryletter of credit and letter ofcreditcash in advanceremitterdrawer/draweepayor, payer/payeethe payment instrument30 days sight50 days after sight90 days after the date of thisdraft30 days after the bill of ladingMethod of adviceDate of expirybeneficiaryadvising/paying/confirmingbankpartial shipmentsport of shipmentairport/port of dischargeairport/port of loadinga payment undertakingshipping notepacking listbill of ladingrail/road consignment noteair waybill (AWB)parcel post receiptcombined transportdocumentsarrival notificationon board his vessela delivery or receipt notea Mate’s Receiptthe on-board bill of ladinga supplimentary documentinsurance claimsclaim settlementsconsignor/consigneeplace of deliveryshipping markscontainer numbercarriershipperbulk cargocubic measurementgross weightthe notified partyrail transportthe departure/destinationstationtransferable or negotiablean instruciton sheeta straight or non-negotiablebill of ladingright of disposalthe shipping brokerthe insurer (insurancecompany), underwriterthe insuredan indispensable adjunctinsurance policyinsurance certificateopen policyinsurance coveragePICCmutual consentlegal avoidancebreach of contractcargo readinesscustomary packagesseaworthy shipment packingCISGsole ownershipindustrial property rightL/Cfund shortage3market fluctuationpayment routelate shipmentthe amendment notification the shipping orderdelivery documentsworking fundsshipping operationtaking deliveryinspection reportUnit Threebusiness negotiationsocial interaction consultationbargainingmediationarbitrationlitigationwin-win principle/integrative bargaining/interest-based bargainingequality principlesincere cooperationkeep it flexible and fluid positional bargainingmutual success convergence of interests equality and mutual benefit law statusnegotiation strategies and tacticsthe negative effects preparation for negotiation the negotiating team gathering of informationthe negotiation briefan essential preconditionthe factual requirementinner depletionextra expensework-loadproduction organizaiton investment distributiona development project an engineering projectthe chief negotiatortechnologistfinancial expertlegal specialistbackup onespublic relationscontingency abilitiescapital guaranteethe power of the collectivethe optimal effectexplicit responsibilitiesthe cooperation of negotiatorsa clear job-divisionthe cooperation betweenon-stage people and out-stageonesrepresentatives and deputiesfavorable moral charactersnecessary psychologicalmakingsnecessary professionalknowledgefavorable language skillsfavorable polical makingsthe physical factors (thetempo, intensity, flexibility,stability and so on )sanguine peoplebilious peoplephlegmatical peopledepressed peoplethe factual needsgeneralistscommercial warsbilateral and multilateralcommunicationidentifying issuesissues and objectivesa competitive negotiationa noncompetitive negotiationa responsible sourcea contract priceinfrastructurelogistics systemsub-contractorsbusiness scopeannual sales volumespaybacka feasibility studypolitical and socialbackgroundsocial and economic analysisdetailed analysislocation and sitemain costsmanpowerschedul implementationfinancial and economicevaluaitonalternative approachesthe basic components andimplicationsplant capacitymarket demandoverhead costsadministrative overheadsa timeframefixed investmentsnet working capital estimatesnegotiating brief andnegotiating planmemoranduman invitation to offeran invitation to make a bidpromotional communicationsales literatureofferor/offereeselling offer/buying offeroffer with engagementoffer without engagementfirm offerirrevocable offercommon practicea usual practicequotation sheetsfinal confirmationa contractual relationshippurchase contractagency arrangementexclusive sales agreementabsence of feedback4satisfactionself-reinforcementtwo human biasesthe confirmation bias egocentrismmediocrityself-esteemseparate people from the problemfocus on interests not positionsbe well preparedbe patience and integrity legitimate concerns personal attacksblue-eyed weakness offensive and defensivea defensive-offensive stance a neutral stanceoutright acceptanceoutright rejectionqualified rejectiona nimble attackthe barrier of language cooperative language style competitive language stylea longstanding relationship one-off contractsan all-purpose excuse deceptive strategiesjargonacronymscontractionstechnical termslanguage principles courtesy, conciseness, clarity, correctness, constructiveness and concessiontrade-offdeadlockmulti-nationsmulti-nationalitiescultural analysissub-cultural dynamics intercultural communication breakdown intergroupencode and decodecultural literacycultural implicationsgeneral guidelinesverbal/nonverbalfacial expressonseye contactgesturesbody movementsposturephysical appearancespacebody languageorientationmonochronic and polychronicdominant culture settingssocioeconomic classcultural conflictsbusiness normsa sophisticated protocolguest-host relationshipunwritten rulesa fallback positionlinear communicationUnit FourInternational trade termsa price/export quotationsincidental chargesa foreign trade merchantIncoterms2000the price of commoditythe unit pricea name of currency, a unitprice, a measuring unit, atrade term, and a name ofdestination or shipping placemiscellaneous expensesinternational rules andpractices on trade termsWarsaw-Oxford Rules 1932Revised American ForeignTrade Definition 1941The American Chamber ofCommercethe National ImportersAssociationthe American Foreign TradeAssociationthe US Export Quotations andAbbreviations in 1919EX-point of originEx Factory, Ex Mill, Ex Minenamed inland carriernamed inland of departurenamed point of destinationnamed place of destinationnamed port of destinationnamed port of shipmentnamed point of exportationnamed point of importationnamed point/placenamed inland point in countryof importationFreight Prepaid ToFreight Allowed ToC&F, EX-DOCKthe ship’s railthe risk of loss or of damagesales contractthe mode of transportmulti-modal transportsea or inland waterwaytransport/transportationmarine insuranceobtain insurance only onminimum coverthe buyer’s/seller’sobligationsthe export/import permit andexport/import traxthe loading/unloading costthe insurance premiumthe sea freightthe seller’s/buyer’s premisescustomary packing/mannera contract of carriageMT(metric ton)subsequent carriersthe first carrier5at the disposal of the buyer basic/special packingthe loading berthib/IBa land frontierwarehouseterminaltransport stationcommon misconceptions property rightsvariants of Incotermsunder tackleliner termsFOB trimmed/towedentry feeUnit Fivepricingpricing principlesprice and unit pricethe accompanying services the pulse of the marketsthe price of commodity, the unit price: a nature of currency, a unit price, a measuring unit, a trade term and a name of destination or shipping placecost structurecosts of production, selling and delivery costs, and customs dutiesancillary costthe factory pricefixed costsvariable costs commissionssales trip expensespricing methodslong-term objectiveshort-term objective profitabilitymarket shareannual budgetssales volume cost-based pricingbreak-even pricingmarginal cost pricingmargin of profit, profit margintarget costingthe break-even point (BEP)FC, P, VCtotal fixed pricemortgage interest/paymentsreal estate taxesmarginal costthe direct coststhe variable overheadsmoney of accountmoney of paymenthard currencysoft currencyvehicle currencyforeign exchange ratesforeign exchange riskfloating exchange ratesexposurehedgeforward marketforward ratespot marketbrokerage housesforward contractintermediary servicequantity discountcash discountspecial discountnet pricepricing strategiesthe marketing mixfollowing-the-leader pricingpenetration pricingcost-oriented pricingdemand-oriented pricingretail pricingthe break-even pointmarketerscomponent partsutilitiessuppliersoperating expensesadvertising campaignsmanufacturersfranchise marketersthe U.S Small BusinessAdministration (SBA)government regulationsload weightsspeed limitsa unit price: currency unit,unit price figure,measurement unit anddelivery termsinitial priceUnit Sixinternational transportationocean transportrail transportationair transportationcontainer transportinternational multi-modaltransportationsea portscarrying capacityliner transportcharter transport / tramptransportthe four fixed: fixed sailingdate, fixed route and fixedports to call at, and relativelyfixed freight rateconsignor/consigneethe intermediate portsfreight: basic freight +surchargesthe basic freight ratethe tariff of freight rateW, M, W/M, Ad Val., W/M orAd Val.per metric tonweight tonper cubic metermeasurement tonfreight toncharge surcharges6transshipment surchargesfuel surchargesoverweight and overlength surchargesa charter party: the charterer and the ship ownerbulk cargocrude oilraw timbertime chartervoyage charterthe loading/unloading rate demurragedispatch moneyliner term, free out (FO), free in (FI), free in and out (FIO) scheduled airliners chartered planes consolidated consignments by freight forwardersFull Container Load (FCL) Less than Container Load (LCL)a door to door servicedesk-to-desk serviceport to port shipmentthe Container Freight Sation (CFS)the point of originthe place of destinationa multi-modal transport operatorthe general carrier conveyancesub-carriersmarine bills of lading seaway billsairway bills (AWB) or air consignment notes combined transport documentsinland transport way bills(road waybill or CMR consignment note and railway bill or cargo receipt)courier receipt or post parcel receiptsshippingthe bill of lading (B/L)a traded objecta contract of carriagea receipt of goodsa title documentin apparent good orderparties of a bill of lading: thecarrier and the shipper/theconsignor, the consignee, thenotify party and the transferee/the endorsee /holderdifferent ordersdemonstrative orderrestrictive orderbearer order“to order” and “to the order ofthe shipper”“to the order of the issuingbank”“to the order of the importer”“to bearer”under collectionnon-paymentnon-commercial transactionsbe left blank“to the named consignee(importer)”blank endorsementspecial endorsementthe shipping company (thecarrier)the charting vesselthe voyae numberthe port of receipt/the port ofloading/the port of shipmentthe port of destination/the portof discharge/the port ofdeliverythe premises of theimporter/exportermarks and numbersboxes/cartons/casesbe prepaid or collectedfreight prepaid/freight collectoriginal B/L, copiestypes of bill of ladingon board B/L (or shipped B/L)and a received for shipmentB/Lin one’s custodyclean (or unclaused) B/L andunclean (or foul) B/Lnegotiable B/L (order B/L andbearer B/L or open B/L) andstraight B/L (ornon-negotiable B/L or anamed consignee B/L)direct B/L and transshipmentB/Llong form B/L and short formB/Lliner B/L and chartered B/Lon deck B/Lstale B/Lante-dated B/L & advancedB/Lcontainer B/Lcontents leaking, packagingspoiled by contents,packaging broken / holed /torn / damaged, packagingcontaminated, goods damaged/ scratched, packaging badlydented, packaging damagedand contents exposed,insufficient packing, casesshort shipped, goodsunprotected / unboxed /partial protected, etc.Combined TransportDocument (CTD)Combined Transport Operator(CTO)the estimated date ofdeparture (ETD)the estimated time of arrival(ETA)forwarderNVD: no value declaredThe flight date7CMR, CIMadditional protocolEMS, DHL, UPS, FedExthe post officea courieran expedited delivery service expedite (a.) servicesperils and lossesperils of the sea, maritime losses , maritime expenses lightergeneral perils of the sea and extraneous risksnatural calamities (vile weather, thunder, lightning, tsunami, earthquake, flood, etc.)fortuitous accidentsgeneral extraneous risks and special extraneous risks theft, pilferage, contamination, leakage, breakage, sweating and/or heating, taint of odor, rusting, hook damage, fresh and/or rain water damage, short-delivery and non-delivery, shortage in weight, clashing, etc. political or military affairs or administrative ruleswar, strike, heightened duty, rejection, etc.total loss and partial loss actual total loss and constructive total loss general average (G. A.) and partial average (P. A. )sue and labor expenses salvage chargesmarine insurance clausesthe acope of cover, exclusions, commencement and termination of cover, duty of the insured, time of validity of a claim, etc.basic insurance and additional insurancebasic marine insurancecoverage: FPA (Free FromParticular Average), WPA andAll risksadditional risksgeneral risks and special risksCIC (China InsuranceClauses)warehouse to warehouseclause11 general additional risks:theft, pilferage andnon-delivery risk (TPND),fresh water and/or raindamage risk (FWRD), clashand breakage risks, leakagerisk, shortage risk,intermixture andcontamination risks, taint ofodor risk, sweat an heatingrisks, rust risk, breakage ofpacking risk, hook damagerisk8 special additional risks: warrisk, strike risk, failure todelivery risk, import duty risk,on deck risk, rejection risk,aflatoxin risk, fire riskextersion clause for storage ofcargo at destination in HongKong, including Kowloon, orMacao (FREC)import and export cargoinsurance practicesinsurance amount andpremiumclaim for lossesadvice of lossesshipping clause(transportation clause )time of shipmenttime of deliverythe port/place of shipment anddestinationpartial shipment / shipment byinstallmentstime policy, voyage policyand mixed policyinsurance policy, insurancecertificate, combinedcertificate and open policyunvalued policy and valuedpolicy8。
商务英语专有名词
商务英语专有名词商务英语阅读名词解释Chapter11．g lobal company : a company that integrates its international biz activities.2．Stable : the entire range of products a company has or produces3．Joint venture : a partnership that is formed by two or more parties cooperating in some special biz activities.4．Merger & acquisition : combining of two or more entities through the direct acquisition by the net assets of the other.5．Consumer market: an organized group of buyers and sellers of a particular product that are affected by its demand and supply.6．Distribution channel: all the organizations and people involved in the physical movement of goods and services from producer to consumer.7．Listed company : a company whose shares have been quoted by the Stock Exchange.8．Marketing savvy : understanding and knowledge of how goods and services are marketed.9．Industrial complex(工业生产基地) : a manufacturing area that consists of many different factories turning out different products.10. brand recognition : a product or products that has or have been recognized and appreciated by local consumers.11. specialty shop : an outlet that deals in or sells a particular line of products.12. household name : a brand, person, company, etc. that isknown to all or very popular in a place.13. loss-maker : a biz that continually makes no profit.14. home country : the country on which a multinational corporation’s HQs is based.15. quota : a restriction on the quantity of imports of a particular product that a country impose.16. organizational culture : the common values, behavior patterns, institutions, and so on among employees of a corporation.17. market economy : an economy in which the market is used to determine resource allocation, prices, and investments.Chapter 21.new economy : a different form of economy that is mainly supported by ITsector and characterized by knowledge-based economy instead of manufacturing./doc/f510019434.html,bor force : all of the people in a country or in a region that are employed or are likely to be employed in the future.3.bubble economy : an economy that primarily depends on banking, financialmarket and other transient operation.4.venture capital : funds that are invested in new plants or hi-tech startupsopen to large risk of loss./doc/f510019434.html, cycle : A period of time that a biz goes through consists of fourstages---boom繁荣, recession衰退, depression萧条, recover 复苏.6.stock market : a stock exchange that deals in stocks andshares.7.deregulation : the ending of the existing system of regulations, especially bythe government.8.public offering : a nonexclusive issue to the general public either bonds orstock by a firm in order to raise funds.9.bottleneck : difficulties or things that are more likely hinder normalproduction or prevent smooth economic development./doc/f510019434.html,rmation tech信息技术: all devices and knowledge that are required tomanage any kind of data.11.Treasury bill短期国债：A short-term obligation of the U.S. Treasury, havinga maturity period of one year or less and sold at a discount from face value.短期国库券：美国财政部发行的一种短期债券，一年或少于一年到期，以票面价值打折的形式出售.Treasury bond : 长期国债T-bonds ha ve maturity’s greater than 10 years.T-note : 中期国债has maturity ranging from 2 to 5 years./doc/f510019434.html, plan : future actions to be taken by a company, concerning products,production, market, investment, etc.13.capital stock : The total amount of stock authorized for issued by acorporation, including common and preferred stock. 股本(总额)：由一个公司授权发行的股票的总数额，包括普通股和优先股.14.product life cycle : a theory stating that certain kinds of products go througha cycle consisting of four stages, namely, introduction, growth, maturity anddecline.15.junk bonds : an interest-bearing certificate of debt that promises to give ahigh yield but is issued by a company with low credit rating 低信用等级.16．Seed money=seed capital启动资金: the initial equity capital used to start a new venture or biz.Chapter 31. liquidity : available cash or the capacity to obtain it on demand.2. exchange rate : the amount of one currency that can be bought with another.3. multinational company : a very large organization that owns companies in more than one country in order to obtain low-cost raw materials and make efficient use of a local workforce.4. benchmark : a standard by which something can be measured or judged.5. pricing policy : a plan or statement of prices set by an organization for its products and services.6. money market : the institutions and practices through with short-term funds are channeled to borrowers and entrepreneurs.7. capital market : a place where deals are made relating to long term investment needed by businesses and public authorities.8. collateral : property or an item of value acceptable assecurity for a loan orother obligation.担保物：被接受作为抵押或其他义务担保的财产9. counterparty : a term used to identify the “other” party in a two-party transaction.10. stock exchange: a market where stocks and shares are bought and sold under fixed rules, but at prices determined by supply & demand.11. retail : the sale of goods or commodities in small quantities directly to consumers.12. cheque : a printed form, used instead of money, to make payment from one’s bank account.13. economic integration : the integration of commercial & financial activities among countries through the abolishment/cancellation of economic discrimination.Chapter 41.Dow-Jones Industrial Average : an index of the share prices quoted on theNew York Stock Exchange for a group of 30 leading industrial companies.2.Blue chip : a stock that sells at high price because of public confidence in itslong record of steady earnings.3.Nasdaq : national association of securities dealers automated quotations4.social security社会保障: a government program that provides economicassistance to persons faced with unemployment, disability, or agedness, financed by assessment (税额) of employers and employees.5.tax deduction : an expense费用that a taxpayer is allowed to deduct fromtaxable income.6.reinsurance ：the purchase of insurance by an insurance company fromanother insurance (reinsurer) to provide it protection against large losses on cases it has already insured.7.policy :保单the printed legal document stating the terms of insurancecontract that is issued to the policyholder投保人by company.8.public relations : PR, the activity of keeping good relationships between anorganization and the people outside it.9.depression : a period of drastic decline in a national or international economy,characterized by decreasing biz activity, falling prices, and unemployment. 萧条，不景气：国家（或国际）经济不景气的一段时期，其特征是商业活动减少、价格下降、失业10.media ：a means of mass communication, such as newspapers, magazines, radio,or television.11.recession: An extended decline in general business activity, typically threeconsecutive quarters of falling real gross national product.衰退：经济活动普遍而持续地衰败，尤指三个连续季度的社会总产品净值的下降Chapter 51．S anction : the penalty for noncompliance specified in a law or decree.2．Trade deficit : imports minus exports of goods andservices.3．Balance of trade 贸易支付差额the value of country’s exports mi nus the value of its imports.4．Downturn : a tendency downward, especially in biz or economic activity. 5．Speculation投机: engagements in risky biz transactions on the chances of quick or considerable profit.6．Value added tax : an indirect tax imposed on consumption that is reflective of the incremental increases on the value of goods through the chain of production, from the raw material phase to final consumption.增值税是向消费征收的间接税，它反映了商品从原材料到最终消费的整个生产过程中的增加值。
商务英语词汇大全
商务英语词汇大全一、基本商务术语1. 商务活动（Business Activity）2. 市场营销（Marketing）3. 销售额（Sales Revenue）4. 成本（Cost）5. 利润（Profit）6. 投资回报率（Return on Investment, ROI）7.SWOT分析（Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats）8. 目标市场（Target Market）9. 市场细分（Market Segmentation）10. 定位（Positioning）二、商务谈判术语1. 谈判（Negotiation）2. 合同（Contract）3. 报价（Quotation）4. 还价（Counteroffer）5. 成交（Close the Deal）6. 付款方式（Payment Terms）7. 交货期（Delivery Time）8. 质量保证（Quality Assurance）9. 售后服务（Aftersales Service）10. 合作伙伴（Business Partner）三、商务函电术语1. 询盘（Inquiry）2. 报盘（Offer）3. 订单（Order）4. 发票（Invoice）5. 装箱单（Packing List）6. 信用证（Letter of Credit, L/C）7. 汇票（Bill of Exchange）8. 托运单（Shipping Order）9. 提单（Bill of Lading）10. 保险（Insurance）四、人力资源术语1. 招聘（Recruitment）2. 简历（Resume）3. 面试（Interview）4. 培训（Training）5. 薪资（Salary）6. 福利（Benefits）7. 绩效考核（Performance Appraisal）8. 晋升（Promotion）9. 劳动合同（Labor Contract）10. 职业规划（Career Planning）五、企业运营术语1. 企业战略（Corporate Strategy）2. 企业文化（Corporate Culture）3. 组织结构（Organizational Structure）4. 部门（Department）5. 团队协作（Teamwork）6. 项目管理（Project Management）7. 生产计划（Production Plan）8. 供应链管理（Supply Chain Management）9. 库存（Inventory）10. 客户关系管理（Customer Relationship Management, CRM）六、财务与会计术语1. 财务报表（Financial Statements）2. 资产（Assets）3. 负债（Liabilities）4. 所有者权益（Owner's Equity）5. 现金流（Cash Flow）7. 资产负债表（Balance Sheet）8. 利润分配（Profit Distribution）9. 折旧（Depreciation）10. 纳税（Taxation）七、国际贸易术语1. 进口（Import）2. 出口（Export）3. 贸易壁垒（Trade Barrier）4. 关税（Tariff）5. 配额（Quota）6. 原产地证明（Certificate of Origin）7. 贸易术语（Trade Terms，如FOB、CIF等）8. 国际支付（International Payment）9. 外汇（Foreign Exchange）10. 世界贸易组织（World Trade Organization, WTO）八、市场营销策略术语1. 市场调研（Market Research）2. 产品生命周期（Product Life Cycle）3. 广告（Advertising）4. 促销（Promotion）5. 公关（Public Relations）6. 品牌战略（Brand Strategy）7. 网络营销（Internet Marketing）8. 社交媒体营销（Social Media Marketing）9. 客户满意度（Customer Satisfaction）10. 忠诚度计划（Loyalty Program）九、企业管理术语1. 领导力（Leadership）2. 决策（Decision Making）3. 风险管理（Risk Management）4. 企业伦理（Business Ethics）5. 知识管理（Knowledge Management）6. 创新能力（Innovation Capability）7. 企业形象（Corporate Image）8. 危机管理（Crisis Management）9. 持续改进（Continuous Improvement）10. 企业社会责任（Corporate Social Responsibility, CSR）十、电子商务术语2. 在线支付（Online Payment）3. 网络安全（Network Security）4. 顾客评价（Customer Review）6. 网络营销策略（Online Marketing Strategy）7. 搜索引擎优化（Search Engine Optimization, SEO）8. 率（Clickthrough Rate, CTR）9. 转化率（Conversion Rate）通过这些词汇的积累，您将能够在商务交流中更加得心应手，展现出您的专业素养和沟通能力。
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体育赞助 浮夸广告 欺骗性广告 广告公司 平面设计师 调度管理 财务分析 产品开发 损益表 资产负债表 审计报告 坏账的冲销 工作守则 畜牧业 劳动密集型产业 商品交易会 培训预算 自助晚餐 劳动力盈余 自然减员 新职介绍 解雇费 招聘渠道 绩效奖金 校园招聘 口头警告 书面警告 绩效不足 讲授法 在职培训 行为模仿 员工入职培训 继任计划 玻璃天花板
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提成 员工持股计划 股票期权 职位 执行董事 营业部经理 区域销售经理 文员 出纳 副教授 电视主持人 计件工资 年薪 内部提升政策 员工晋升 现任总裁 小组面试 情景面试 结构化面试 简历 发展机会 销售助理 总部 目标客户 促销 信用卡 优惠券 代金券 积分卡 独立经销店 加盟连锁 有限责任公司 特许加盟费 层级组织架构 扁平组织架构 决策过程 货到付款 预付货款 分期付款 付款通知 口头宣传 市场细分 邮寄广告
sports sponsorship puffery advertising deceptive advertising advertising agency graphic designer traffic management financial review product development income statement balance sheet audit report write-offs for bad debt workplace guideline Animal Husbandry Industry labour concentrated industry trade fair training budget evening buffet labor surplus natural attrition outplacement service severance pay recruitment sources performance bonus on-campus recruitment verbal warning written warning performance deficiency classroom instruction on-the-job training behavior modeling employee orientation succession planning glass ceiling
brand management brand parity economy of scale meeting minute open-ended question day-to-day administration client complaint product launch business banquet net income business negotiation interpersonal skill high-end market psychology analysis expanding customer relationship after-sales service differentiated marketing on-line marketing currency declaration expense account job vacancy jobless rate mergers and acquisitions
sales commission employee stock ownership plans stock options job title executive director business manager regional sales manager clerk cashier associate professor TV presenter piece work pay annual pay “promote from within” policy promotion the incumbent president panel interview situational interview structured interview resume chance of advancement sales assistant head office targeted customers sales promotion credit card coupon voucher loyalty card sole trader franchise limited liability franchise fee hierarchical organization flat organization decision-making process pay on delivery payment in advance progressive payment payment order word of mouth market segmentation mailshot
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品牌管理 品牌等同度 规模经济 会议记录 开放式问题 日常管理 客户投诉 产品发布会 商务宴会 净收入 商务谈判 人际交往能力 高端市场 心理分析 扩展客户关系 售后服务 差异化营销 网络营销 货币申报 费用报销单 岗位空缺 失业率 并购
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商务英语专业词汇梳理 分配工作量 delegate the workload 书面协定 writing agreement 育儿假 parental leave 嘉奖制度 reward and recognition scheme 经营意识 business sense 进取精神 entrepreneurial spirit 利润率 profit margin 起步经费 initial fee / start-up capital 电视广告 TV commercials 杀毒软件 anti-virus software 定制艺术品 to commission art 专业知识 specialist knowledge 老客户 repeat business 请病假 take a sick day 语音信息 automated message 客服中心 call centre 还清贷款 pay off mortgage 挨家挨户推销 door-to-door selling 不期而至的电话 cold calling 人力资源从业者 HR professionals 就业部门 careers department 推销口才 sales pitch 广告语 advertising slogan 芳香剂 liquid aroma 正常工作时间 regular working hours 弹性工作时间 flexible working hours 轮班制 shift work 自由职业 freelance 办工桌轮用 hot-desking 电子化办公方式 teleworking 工作共享 job sharing 办公室八卦 office gossip 荣辱与共 share credit and blame worst-case scenario 最坏的局面 移交工作 非工资报酬 住房公积金 养老保险 失业险 工伤险 生育险 医疗保险 绩效工资 hand work over non-wage compensation Housing Provident Fund endowment insurance unemployment insurance employment injury insurance maternity insurance medical insurance merit pay
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管理评价中心 assessment center 360°绩效考核 360-degree performance appraisal 无领导小组讨论 leaderless group discussion job enlargement 工作扩大化 工作轮换 远程教育 品牌识别 job rotation distance learning brand identity