高二英语-合成词的构成和使用

派生法（derivation ）复合法（compounding ）--合成词转化法（conversion ）逆成法 缩略法首字母拼音法拟声法合成词的构成和使用一、合成词的概念和意义★ 构词法★ 概念： 英语构词法中合成法是把两个或两个以上的单词合成一个新词的构词方法。

有的可以直接写在一起构成一个新单词，有的在词与词之间用连字符“-”构成一个新单词，有的则是以词组的方式构成新词。

通常把这个新词叫做合成词。

二、合成词的构成★ 理解合成词的角度：1）从词性角度认识其不同构成方式 2）常见书写形式 3）理解词义的方法 4）特殊之处★合成词1. 合成名词（1）名词+名词词义理解：____________________________________________________________________Exercise: Exercise: homeland_________ tea-table_________ mother tongue________（2）形容词+名词词义理解：____________________________________________________________________1.合成名词2.合成形容词3.合成动词4.合成副词5.合成介词6.合成代词Exercise: freshman____________ musical instrument__________词义理解：____________________________________________________________________ Exercise: weightlifting_______ zebra crossing_________（4）动词-ing+名词词义理解：____________________________________________________________________ Exercise: 游泳池________________ 驾驶执照_________________词义理解：____________________________________________________________________ Exercise: daybreak________ heartbeat_______ typewriter_________词义理解：____________________________________________________________________Exercise: get-together_____________ outlet______________upgrade _________________ put-off_____________合成名词Tip: 合成名词变复数的规律合成名词综合练习: Translate the underlined words into Chinese.1. There has been an uptrend in tourism over the last few decades, especially in Europe. ___________2. Just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past decades has gone on reducing risks in advance.________________3. Many of the problems were caused by a breakdown in communications_______________4. The play was really boring. It was as if the actors were moving in slow motion the whole time!__________________5. There has been a break-out from the local prison.________________6. TV companies always welcome feedback from viewers.____________2.合成形容词（1）名词+形容词词义理解：____________________________________________________________________ Exercise: care-free_____________ nation-wide______________（2）形容词+形容词词义理解：____________________________________________________________________ Exercise: bitter-sweet_____________ wide-awake______________词义理解：____________________________________________________________________ Exercise: mouth-watering_____________ world-shaking______________词义理解：____________________________________________________________________ Exercise: 令人心碎的______________ w eather-beaten_____________（5）形容词+动词-ing词义理解：____________________________________________________________________ Exercise: long-suffering______________ smooth-running_____________词义理解：____________________________________________________________________ Exercise: long-lost ______________ full-blown________________词义理解：____________________________________________________________________ Exercise: absent-minded ______________ 热心的______________（8）副词+动词-ing词义理解：____________________________________________________________________ Exercise: fast-moving__________________ 深远的_________________词义理解：____________________________________________________________________ Exercise: 新建的_____________________ 著名的________________合成形容词综合练习: Translate the underlined words into Chinese.1. Similar efforts have been made worldwide, and a movement is underway to remind us to turn off lights when we are not using them. __________________2. With so many years of experience, the festival has become a well-oiled machine. ___________3. Pet-keeping has a very long history. In other words, it’s a time-honoured tradition. ___________4. After years of time-consuming experiments, the scientists finally made a major breakthrough in the field of artificial intelligence.___________5. The Prius is the world's first mass-produced gasoline-electric hybrid car.________________ 3.合成动词词义理解：____________________________________________________________________ Exercise: water-ski_________ 用磁带录下来 __________词义理解：____________________________________________________________________Exercise: blackmail_________ shortchange __________（3）副词+动词词义理解：____________________________________________________________________Exercise: 吃得太多_________ uplift __________合成动词综合练习 : Translate the underlined words into Chinese.1. You can negotiate the price by using your fingers and even ask questions by using your hands to outline the shapes of things.________2. When you’ve finished your essay, make sure that you double-check it for mistakes.__________3. Although no one was injured, Tim was forced to postpone his travel plans.___________4. We will be able to download any file or update our computers just by saying a few words.__________,__________5. He avowed(坦白) his crime when the policeman begin to cross- examine him. __________合成副词: __________ _____________ 合成介词: __________ _____________ 合成代词: __________ _____________合成词综合练习: Fill in the blanks using the compound words in the boxDear Li Su,Guess what? I finally booked my trip to Greece! I am staying in a (1) _____________hotel in the city center. I think it will be very convenient. Although I am traveling alone, I think I will make new friends easily because I am pretty (2) ___________ .I have not made a travel plan because I am fairly(3) ____________and like to take my time (4) __________.Greece will be so interesting. I am looking forward to seeing all the (5) __________ ancient buildings and trying the (6)mouth-watering well-known happy-go-lucky brand new suitcase outgoing sightseeing_______________ food. Well, I have to finish packing my (7) ________. I promise to send you a postcard from Athens.Your friend,Yang Jie三、合成词在英语试题中的运用1. 语法填空中的合成词Find out the compound words in the passage and understand the meanings.(2019北京东城二模)World Environment Day is a UN Environment-led global event, which takes place on June 5 every year and is celebrated by thousands of communities worldwide. Since it began in 1972, it has grown to become the largest of all the celebrations of environment each year. China owns half the world’s electric vehicles and 99% of the world’s electric buses. By hosting World Environment Day 2019, the Chinese government will be able to showcase its innovation and progress toward a cleaner environment.Fill in the blanks using the compound words(改自2019北京海淀二模)The year 2018 marks the 40th anniversary of China’s reform and___________(开放). The past four decades has seen China shift its society from a farmer’s community to a digital culture successfully. Under the leadership of CPC, many achievements can be seen in every field. The life of the Chinese people has improved, with millions of people being lifted out of poverty. The country now has the world’s largest _____________(高速的) rail network. And with around 800 million Internet users, China has become the world’s _________________(增长最快的)online shopping market.2. 完形填空中的合成词Find out the compound words in the passage and understand the meanings.(2019北京高考)Regardless of the weather or the distance, Paul Wilson will make sure low-income students in his neighbourhood arrive at their college classes on time.……Wilson first worked as a driver through a student-support programme of the non-profit organization, On Point for college. Although the programme asks the members only to drive students to and from their classes, Wilson often goes beyond to ensure the welfare and safety of the students. If they have problems with registration, Wilson is there to assist them. If they run out of certain daily necessities, Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase what’s needed. If a student gets hungry on the long drivers to and from school, Wilson never hesitates to buy them a meal.(2019天津高考)I was ready to pay for my bananas at the grocery one night, when fear seized me. My wallet was gone. I could only have left it on the G9 bus, which was now speeding in the dark to some _____1_____ station.The _____2______moment was quickly followed by mental math. How much time and money would it cost to replace the ____3_____of that little wallet? The credit cards, the driver’s license, the cash, all lost to the bus.1. A. accessible B. hidden C. unknown D. convenient2. A. face-saving B. brain-washing C. eye-catching D. heart- stopping3. A. parts B. contents C. details D. ingredients3. 阅读理解中的合成词(2017北京海淀第一学期期中，C)The discovery shows life may have formed quicker and more easily than once thought, about half a billion years after Earth formed. And that may also give hope for life forming elsewhere, such as Mars, said study co-author Martin V anKranendonk of the University of New South Wales and director of the Australian Center for Astrobiology. “It gives us an idea how our planet evolved and how life gained a foothold,” V ankranendonk said.1.The underlined words “gained a foothold” in Paragraph 3 mean____.A. continuedB. changedC. increasedD. started(2016 课表II,B)……Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time. His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home. I was delighted at the presence of such a student. Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect other students. Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare, “But I’m just not creative.”….3. What does the underlined word “downside ”in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Mistake.B. DrawbackC. DifficultyD. Burden.。