2019年上海市普陀区高考英语一模试卷
2019-2020学年普陀中学高三英语模拟试卷及答案
2019-2020学年普陀中学高三英语模拟试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AWhat good films are coming out in March? Here are four films to watch this March.MulanIt’s another live-action remake of a classic Disney cartoon. It is based on an ancient Chinese girl who dresses up herself as a man so that she can join the army.Director Niki Caro and the actors show us wonderful battle scenes and Chinese Kung Fu.OnwardDragons, unicorns (独角兽) and other creatures are usually considered to only exist in ancient Greece, but in Onward, they are all still alive and kicking in the UStoday. Onward is about two brothers who go on a road trip in order to bring their father back from the dead. It is such a perfect film that it’s worth spending a few hours in the cinema.RadioactiveRadioactive tells us about a famous Polish-French scientist, Marie Curie who won the Nobel Prize twice but was finally killed by the radiation she studied. In the film. Curie is played by Rosamund Pike alongside Sam Riley as her husband Pierre Curie and Anya Taylor-Joy as their daughter Irene.MisbehaviorThe Miss World Beauty Contest may be out of fashion, but it used to be one of television’s biggest events.Misbehaviortells what happened when the event was staged at the Royal Albert hall in London in 1970. There could hardly be a more interesting topic for a film, even if it was set 50 years ago.1. What do we know about Onward?A. It praises a woman fighter.B. It is a Chinese story.C. It focuses on animal protection.D. It is a film about magic.2. Who does Rosamund Pike play?A. A soldier.B. A killer.C. A scientist.D. A designer.3. Which of the following films is set in the UK?A. Misbehavior.B. Onward.C. Radioactive.D. Mulan.BKenyan mother Beth Mwende heard her sleeping child cry out, but did not worry after the three-year-old quickly quietened down. The next morning, however, she found her daughter, Mercy, nearly unconscious with two bite marks in the neck. “I didn’t know that it was a snake,” Mwende said.Although snakebites are common in her hometown, antivenom medication is difficult to get. Mwende lives about 160 kilometers east of Nairobi, Kenya’s capital. So she took her daughter to a traditional healer. He placed stones over the bites. Mercy died within hours. She was one of about 700 Kenyans killed by snakebites each year, notes a report in the scientific publicationToxicon.The Kenya Snakebite Research and Intervention Center (KSRIC) is working to change that. The KSRIC hopes to have East Africa’s first antivenom medication on the market within five years. It estimates the cost will be about 30 percent of an imported product, which often sells for about US $ 30.More than 70, 000 people are bitten in East Africa each year. Climate change and deforestation are worsening the problem as snakes get pushed out of natural surroundings into populated areas.Nearly 100 snakes live at the research center in a forest near Nairobi. Researchers take venom from snakes and study it before injecting small amounts into other animals, such as sheep. The animals then create antibodies that can be made into antivenom.“Up to now, no one has made any kind of antivenom in Kenya,’’ said Geoffrey Maranga Kepha, a senior snake handler.Two effective antivenoms are available in Kenya, from India and Mexico, the center says.The center is teaching communities that using antivenom immediately after receiving a snakebite can save lives, said head researcher George Adinoh.“After seeing how people died in Kenya from snakebites I decided to devote my life to coming up with a rescue measure that will help or prevent people from dying from snakebites,” snake handler Kepha added.4. How does the author introduce the topic of the text?A. By telling a story.B. By listing figures.C. By referririg to documents.D. By making a comparison.5. Why did Mwende take her daughter to a traditional healer?A. She couldn’t afford any modern treatment.B. She lived where antivenom medication is not available.C. The traditional way is very effective to treat snakebites.D. She believed a traditional healer could cure her daughter.6. What is causing more snakebites to happen in East Africa?A. Lack of antivenom medication.B. Environmental damage and climate change.C. People’s low awareness of the danger of snakes.D. People’s pursuit of traditional cures for snakebites.7. What do we know about antivenom in Kenya from the text?A. Itis taken from antibodies of sheep.B. There is only one effective antivenom available.C. KSRIC is trying to develop a local antivenom now.D. People refuse to use antivenom after being bitten by snakes.CIt is not only praise or punishment that determines a child's level of confidence.There are some other important ways we shape our kids — particularly by giving instructions and commands in a negative or positive choice of words.For example, we can say to a child “Don't run into traffic！” or “Stay on the footpath close to me.” In using the latter, you will be helping your kids to think and act positively, and to feel competent in a wide range of situations, because they know what to do, and aren't scaring themselves with what not to do.Actually, it is all in the way the human mind works.What we think, we automatically rehearse.For example, if someone offered you a million dollars not to think of a blue monkey for two minutes, you wouldn't be able to do it.When a child is told “Don't fall off the tree，” he will think of two things：“don't” and “fall off the tree”. That is, he will automatically create the picture of falling off the tree in his mind.A child who is vividly imagining falling off the tree is much more likely to fall off.So it is far better to use “Hold on to the tree carefully.”Clear, positive instructions help kids to understand the right way to do things.Kids do not always know how to be safe, or how to react to the warning of the danger in negative words.So parents should make their commands positive.“Sam, hold on firmly to the side of the boat” is much more useful than “Don't you dare to fall out of the boat？” or “How do you think I'll feel if you drown？” The changes are small but the difference is obvious.Children learn how to guide and organize themselves from the way we guide them with our words, so it pays to be positive.8. Positive choice of words helps kids to ________.A. learn in different situationsB. do things carefullyC. build up their confidenceD. improve their imagination9. What can we infer from Paragraph 2?A. A child will act on what is instructed.B. One can't help imagining what is heard.C. A child will fall off the tree when told not to.D. One won't think of a blue monkey when given money.10. Which of the following commands helps kids to be safe?A. How do you think I'll feel if you get hurt?B. Don't play by the lake.C. Don't you dare to walk through the red light?D. Fasten your seat belt.11. The main idea of the passage is that ________.A. positive instructions guide kidsB. praise makes kids confidentC right instructions keep kids safe D. clear commands make kids differentDHumans have found an easy way to tell if others are lying. Recent research shows that the best way so far is being clever at how you ask questions and listen to the answers.Much of this research is based on the idea that telling a lie is simply harder mental work than telling the truth. Making up a story takes more effort than simply recording something that happened. And like a writer, a liar has to keep all the unreal details in his memory and sound believable when he explains them.One method that seems to work is asking them to tell their story in reverse order. This is harder when the story isn't true and makes it easier for you to tell they are lying. An even more basic way that helps is to just ask more questions, especially unexpected ones. Truth-tellers can easily find more to say, but it's a challenge for a liar to come up with something that's not in his prepared story.Researchers suggest that you shouldn't lay all your cards on the table at the start, but only gradually present what proof you have. The liars' stories may not agree with that proof, making it clear that they're lying.So it looks like there are ways to increase the chances of catching a liar; we've just been basing our methods on the wrong stories. Low-tech ways of causing people to make mistakes in conversation seem to work better than any science about eye movement or machines used to recognize a liar. To find a liar, watch less and listen more. 12. Why does the author mention the writer?A. To show it's hard to make up lies.B. To show it's hard to recognise a liar.C. To show writers know liars best.D. To show writers are very clever.13. What do we know about liars?A. They often have much to say.B. They often ask many questions.C. They usually prepare a made-up story.D. They usually feel good about themselves.14. What advice is given to help people catch liars?A. Asking them to set their stories down.B. Presenting your proof one by one.C. Telling different stories to them.D. Letting them ask questions.15. Which can be the best title for the text?A. Why People LieB. How to Stop People LyingC. Low-tech Ways to Find a LiarD. LiarsAre Smarter than Thought第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2019-2020学年普陀中学高三英语第一次联考试题及答案
2019-2020学年普陀中学高三英语第一次联考试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AMy wife Hilary andI were on the beach, with three of our children, taking pictures of shore birds near our home in Alaska when we saw a bear. The bear was thin and small, moving aimlessly.Just a few minutes later, I heard my daughter shouting, “Dad! The bear is right behind us!" An aggressive bear will usually rush forward to frighten away its enemy but would suddenly stop at the last minute. This one was silent and its ears pinned back the sign of an animal that is going in for the kill. And it was a cold April day. Thebear behaved abnormally, probably because of hunger.I held my camera tripod(三脚架)in both hands to form a barrier as the bear rushed into me. Its huge head was level with my chest and shoulders, and the tripod stuck across its mouth. It bit down and I found myself supporting its weight. I knew 1 would not be able to hold it for long.Even so, this was a fight I had to win: I was all that stood between the bear and my family, who would stand little chance of running faster than a brown bear.The bear hit at the camera, cutting it off the tripod. I raised my left arm to protect my face; the beast held tightly on the tripod and pressed it into my side. My arm could not move, and I sensed that my bones were going to break.Drawing back my free hand, I struck the bear as hard as I could for five to six times. The bear opened its mouth and I grasped its fur, trying to push it away. I was actually wrestling with the bear at this point. Then, as suddenly as it had begun, the fight ended. The bear moved back towards-the forest,before returning for another attack the first time I felt panic.Obviously satisfied that we caused no further threat, the bear moved off, destroying a fence as it went. My arm was injured, but the outcome for us could hardly have been better. I'm proud that my family remained clear-headed when panic could have led to a very different outcome.1. How did the writer feel when faced with the brown bear?A. Fearful but confident.B. Nervous but brave.C. Upset but determined.D. Awful but hopeful.2. The bear finally went away after itA. got injuredB. felt safeC. found some foodD. took away the camera3. What does the author want to tell us?A. We should keep calm when troubles comeB. We should rise to the challenge when faced with difficulties.C. We should not risk ourselves in some dangerous areas.D. We should learn to take advantage of anything at hand when in trouble.BSonja Redding and her family were on their way home to Omaha, Nebraska, after a weeklong visit to Washington, D. C. with her two sons, one of whom, 5-year-old Xayvior, has autism(自闭症).Although all of the other flights had gone fine, Xayvior became angry during one of the flights, and Redding couldn’t calm him.“It felt like everyone on the plane was looking at us and got angry with my son, ” she wrote in a Facebook post after she got home. “I don’t know what to do when others just don’t understand that he is not just a kid with no discipline(自制力)，but a child with special needs who doesn’t know how to control himself.”The day was saved by Delta flight attendant(空乘人员)Amanda Amburgy. She tried to help Xayvior watch a movie, but when that failed, she offered to take him on a tour of the airplane.That worked, and soon the child was not only calm, but having a good time.“When they came back, Xayvior was much calmer and happier,” wrote Redding in the post，which now has 2,700 likes and over 500 shares. “I want to thank this Delta attendant. She didn’t judge, and she just showed love. We need more people like this in the world. ”It wasn’t long before Amburgy was told about the post.“ We’re there to help, and that’s what we want to do,” she said in an interview. “So, we always want to make anything easier for the family as well as other passengers.”She also shared what she felt when she read Redding’s story. “When I read it, it touched my heart. It’s something I would do for anyone on the plane, because that’s what I’m here for. It really made a difference in her life.”4. How did Redding feel on the plane?A. Tired.B. Uncomfortable.C. Very angry.D. Deeply afraid.5. What did Amburgy do to help the family?A. She asked the family to stay beside her.B. She asked the other passengers for help.C. She tried her best to calm the boy.D. She helped look after the other boy.6. Why did Redding post the story?A. To show her thanks.B. To help kids with autism.C. To get in touch with Amburgy.D. To share her travel experience.7. Which of the following words can best describe Amburgy?A. Proud.B. Honest.C. Hard-working.D. Warm-hearted.CWhat a day! I started at my new school this morning and had the best time. I made lots of new friends and really liked my teachers. I was nervous the night before, but I had no reason to be. Everyone was so friendly and polite. They made me feel at ease. It was like I'd been at the school for a hundred years!The day started very early at 7:00 am. I had my breakfast downstairs with my mom. She could tell that I was very nervous. Mom kept asking me what was wrong. She told me I had nothing to worry about and that everyone was going to love me. If they didn't love me, Mom said to send them her way for a good talking to. I couldn't stop laughing.My mom dropped me off at the school gates about five minutes before the bell. A little blonde girl got dropped off at the same time and started waving at me. She ran over and told me her name was Abigail. She was very nice and we became close straight away. We spent all morning together and began to talk to another girl called Stacey. The three of us sat together in class all day and we even made our way home together! It went so quickly. Our teacher told us that tomorrow we would really start learning and developing new skills.I cannot wait until tomorrow and feel as though I am really going to enjoy my time at my new school. I only hope that my new friends feel the same way too.8. How did the author feel the night before her new school?A. Tired.B. ConfidentC. Worried.D. homesick9. What did the author think of her mother’s advice?A. Clear.B. Funny.C. OptionalD. Respectable10. What happened on the author's first day of school?A. She met many nice people.B. She had a hurried breakfast.C. She learned tome new skills.D. She arrived at school very early.11. What can we infer about Abigail?A. She disliked Stacey.B. She was shy and quiet.C. She got on well with the author.D. She was an old friend of the author.DWhen I was a boy, there was but one permanent ambition among my comrades in our village on the west bank of Mississippi River. That was, to be a steamboat man. We had temporary ambitions of other sorts, but they were only temporary.My father was a justice of the peace, and I supposed he possessed the power of life and death over all men and could hang anybody that offended him. This was distinction enough for me as a general thing；butthe desire to be a steamboat man kept intruding, nevertheless. One of our boys in town, who went away and was not heard of for-a long time, turned up as apprentice engineer on a steamboat. This thing shook the bottom out of all my Sunday—school teachings. That boy was notoriously worldly, and I was just the opposite. There was nothing generous about this fellow in his greatness. He would always manage to have a rusty nail to scrub while his boat stopped at our town, and he would sit on the inside guard and scrub it, where we could all see him. And wherever his boat was laid up he would come home and show off in the town in his blackest and greasiest clothes, so that nobody could help remembering that he was a steamboat man; and he used all sorts of steamboat technical terms in his talk, as if he were so used to them that he forgot common people could not understand them.This creature's career could produce but one result, and it was speedily followed. Boy after boy managed to get on the river. Despite many choices, pilot was the grandest position of all. The pilot, even in those days of trivial wages, had a princely salary—from 150—250 dollars a month, and no board payment.But our parents would not let us and our worry was the next year would find us hunting for jobs with low pay again. So by and by I ran away. I said I never would come home again till I was a pilot and could come in glory.12. Why does the writer mention his father's job in Paragraph 2?A. To show that his father was in power.B. To show that his father is cruel.C. To emphasize the job he prefers.D. To emphasize his love for his father.13. Which of the following can best conclude the writer's attitude toward the boy?A. He thought the boy was material but pitiful.B. He thought the boy was annoying but still envied him.C. He thought the boy was shallow but knowledgeable.D. He thought the boy was disrespectful but still liked him.14. Which of the following statements is Not True?A. The boy talked in a way to make others feel jealous.B. The boy's experience made other boys follow suit.C. The pilot's salary was ly high but without meals covered.D. The writer was ambitious to make his childhood dream come true.15. What rhetorical method does the underlined sentence have?A. Simile.B. Personification.C. Parallelism.D. Irony.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2019-2020学年普陀区中远实验学校高三英语一模试卷及答案
2019-2020学年普陀区中远实验学校高三英语一模试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ATop Music Festivals in 2021CoachellaSelling out fast every year, the Indio desert becomes a fashionable place where the coolest bands are watched by trendy people and celebrities. Near the top of everyone's bucket list of festivals, Coachella is a constant source of annual expectation and a hotbed for musical discussion.When &. where: April 9-11 &. 16-18, 2021; IndioUltra Music FestivalSeen as the ultimate gathering for electronic music fans across the nation and globe, the streets of Miami turn into a and bumping party with popular DJs playing what will be the sounds of summer.When & where: March 26-28, 2021; MiamiSouth By South WestRegarded as the ultimate trend-setter and launcher of careers, SXSW is an annual showcase of music, films and interactive highlights enjoyed through performances, showcases, talks, screenings and more. Virtually taking over the city of Austin, everyone in the world of music from fans to media flock here to discover the next big thing.When &, where: March 16-20, 2021; AustinThe Governors Ball Music FestivalAnother event which proves the music loving potential of Randall's Island Park is Governors Ball, an exciting and infectious mix of rock, hip-hop, electronic, pop and folk. Providing a variety of music and food tastes, whether you look to kick back and relax or dance to the beats, Governors Ball has what you want.When & where: June 11-14, 2021; New York1.Which music festival lasts the most days?A.CoachellaB.Ultra Music Festival.C.South By South WestD.The Governors Ball Music Festival.2.What is special about Ultra Music Festival?A.It's held in a park.B.It features electronic musicC.It's a gathering of popular DJs.D.It's the most popular in the country.3.Which city could you go if you love both music and movies?A.Indio.B.Miami.C.AustinD.New York.BI got my first bike when I was nine years old. Jimmy, the bike, was my first love. I rode it everywhere. The suburb, the back lanes, the fields and forests, the river paths and swampland were far more exciting than any adventure novel or television series.There’s nothing quite like the relationship between a child and his bicycle and the endless happiness two wheels and a pair of strong legs offer. No video or computer game can replace the liberation of being alone on a bicycle.As parents, to deny children the simple pleasure of riding a bike is a failure of our responsibilities to raise independent and stable young citizens. We should offer our children a healthy alternative to hours in front of an addictive screen. Studies have shown that cycling promotes not only muscle growth but brain growth. Guess which country has children with the best mental health outcomes and is regularly the top of listings of the happiest young people. No surprise it’s theNetherlands, the unquestioned leader among industrial countries in encouraging bicycle use.Our dependence on cars has degraded the public transport system, polluted our sky, led to the untimely death of thousands every year, and denied children safe access to their suburbs. A recent study found that 69% of children were accompanied to school. The same study found that a similar number of parents drove to work.In some regions ofJapan, when children start their first year of school, parents are expected to walk with them for the first few weeks, introducing them to residents and shopkeepers along the chosen route, letting the community take care of these children. However, driving children to school isproscribed. Children can choose to ride a bike or walk to school after they are familiar with the community, and it’s the community’s role to keep them safe.Therefore, I strongly advise the government to provide better infrastructure (基础设施). Build separated cycle lanes, decrease speed limits, and design street scapes that favour people over cars. The results will be less pollution, quieter suburbs, a healthier population and, best of all, happy and independent children.4. What can we infer about the author from the text?A. He was addicted to computer games.B. He liked taking adventurous trips in nature.C. He had great fun exploring the outside by cycling.D.He got his first birthday present at the age of nine.5. Why does the author mention theNetherlandsin Paragraph 3?A. To introduce his good way of raising independent children.B. To illustrate the great influence riding has on mental health.C. To stress the importance of being physically and mentally healthy.D. To explain cycling does best in city development in theNetherlands.6. What does the underlined word “proscribed” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?A. Recommended.B. Protected.C. Delayed.D. Forbidden.7. How does the author mainly support his idea?A. By analyzing causes.B. By listing examples.C.By giving definitions.D. By analyzing scientific data.C36-year-old Juan Dual likes to joke that he’s empty inside. Juan’s story began when he was only 13. It was then that he was diagnosed with a terrible disease, which left him with a 99.8% chance of developing cancer of the digestive system. At age 19, right after finishing high-school, Juan underwent a tough operation to take away his colon and rectum. Sadly, it was only the beginning. By age 28, Juan’s disease had affected his stomach and gallbladder so he had to go under the knife again.Having just recovered from several serious surgeries, Juan Dual decided to accept the invitation of some friends of his parents and travel to Japan. It was there that things started to change for the better. He didn’t speak a word of Japanese, so he spent most of his time walking his dog. One day, the dog pulled harder, and Juan realized that he was still able to jog, and he started to do just that.Months later, he found himself working in a small, peaceful town in England. There was little in terms of entertainment, but the town was surrounded by hills, so he devoted even more of his time to running. He befriended some like-minded folks and told them what he’d been through, and they seemed amazed at the fact that he was still alive, let alone that he was pushing himself to exercise. That’s when the idea of focusing on motivating others took root in his mind.With the help of Pepa, a nutritionist, Juan Dual slowly relearned how to eat to keep his energy level highenough to sustain him during physical activity. Eight months after his last operation, he finished the Barcelona half marathon in two hours. He then started training for mountain running and ultra-marathons.8. Why does Juan Dual say he is empty inside?A. Because he has no desire for anything.B. Because he doesn’t have much knowledge.C. Because he always suffers from great hunger.D. Because many of his organs have been removed.9. What made Juan Dual aware that he could still run?A. His parents’ support.B. A walk with his dog.C. The idea of challenging himself.D. His quick recovery from surgeries.10. When did Juan Dual decide to inspire others with his story?A. After finishing the Barcelona half marathon.B After being introduced to a nutritionist named Pepa.C. After sharing it with his friends in an English town.D. After making friends with people with similar sufferings.11. Which of the following words can best describe Juan Dual?A. Ambitious and intelligent.B. Inspiring and responsible.C. Unfortunate but determined.D. Confident but stubborn.DHoneybees can’t swim, and when their wings are wet, they can’t fly, either. But Chris Roh and other researchers at the California Institute of Technology found that when bees drop into bodies of water, they can use their wings toproduce little waves and slide toward land-like surfers who create and then ride their own waves.As with many scientific advances-IsaacNewton’s apple or Benjamin Franklin’s lightning bolt-Dr. Roh’s experiment began with a walk. Passing Caltech’s Millikan Pond in 2016, he observed a bee on the water’s surface producing waves. He wondered how an insect known for flight could push itself through water.Dr. Roh and his co-worker, Morteza Gharib, used butterfly nets to collect localPasadenahoneybees and observed their surf-like movements. The researchers used a wire to restrict each bee’s bodily movement, allowing close examination of their wings. They found that the bee bends its wings at a 30-degree angle, pulling up water and producing a forward force. Bees get trapped on the surface because water is roughly three times heavier than air. But that weight helps to push the bee forward when its wings move quickly up and down. It’s a tough exercise for the bees, which the researchers guess could handle about 10 minutes of the activity.The researchers said the surf-like movement hasn’t been documented in other insects and most semiaquatic insects use their legs forpropulsion, which is known as water-walking. It may have evolved in bees, they-predicted.Dr. Roh and Dr. Gharib have imagined many practical applications for bees’ surfing. One plan is to use their observations to design robots able to travel across sky and sea. “This could be useful for search and rescues, or for getting samples of the surface of the ocean, if you can’t send a boat or helicopter,” Dr. Gharib said.12. What does the author intend to show by mentioningNewtonandFranklin?A. Roh’s admiration for them.B. Roh’s chance discovery about bees.C. Their outstanding talent for science.D. Their similar achievements in discovery.13. What plays the most vital role in a bee’s moving forward on water?A. The air weight.B. Its leg extension.C. The water movement.D. Its continuous wingbeat.14. What does the underlined word “propulsion” in Paragraph 4 mean?A. Fast flightB. Driving force.C. Pulling speed.D. Explosive power.15. What does the text mainly tell us?A. Honeybees can surf to safety.B. Bees help scientists make inventions.C. Insects can adapt to the environment.D. Nature is a helpful guide for discovery.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2019届上海市各区高三英语一模试卷题型分类专题汇编--摘要写作--学生版(纯净word已校对终结版)
IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Curiosity Is an Increasingly Rare VirtueMost of the breakthrough discoveries and remarkable inventions throughout history, from flints (打火石) for starting a fire to self-driving cars, have something in common: They are the result of curiosity. But the journalist Ian Leslie, in his newly-published book Curious: The Desire to Know and Why Your Future Depends on It, insists that curiosity is a much overlooked human virtue, crucial to our success, and we are losing it.Leslie presents considerable evidence for the claim that the society as a whole is growing less curious. In the U.S. and Europe, for example, the rise of the Internet, among other social and technological changes, has led to a declining consumption of news from outside the rea der’s borders. Indeed, Google, for which Leslie expresses admiration, is also his frequent whipping boy (替罪羊): we seek only the information we want. But not everything is to be blamed on technology. The decline in interest in literary fiction is also one of the causes identified by Leslie.Why is this a problem? Because without curiosity we will lose the spirit of innovation and entrepreneurship(企业家精神). Worse still, that lack of curiosity produces a relative lack of knowledge, and the lack of knowledge is difficult if not impossible to compensate for later on.Fortunately, some strategies can be employed to develop curiosity: If you just accept the world as it is without trying to dig deeper, you will certainly lose the ‘holy curiosity’. Of course, one effective way to dig deeper beneath the surface is asking questions: What is that? Why is it made that way? Who invented it? How does it work? ...And if you see learning as a burden, there’s no way you will want to dig deeper into anything. That will just make the burden heavier. But if you think of learning as something fun, you will naturally want to dig deeper.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Sport TourismTourism is the world’s largest industry and is predicted to grow well into the years to come. Increasingly, the economic importance of tourism has been recognized by governments around the world. At the same time, the tourism industry has become more complicated in its development and marketing new forms of tourism. One of the fastest growing parts of the tourism industry is travel related to sport and physical activity. A recent survey found that while the traditional beach and sight-seeing vacations continue to predominate, 22% of those surveyed reported that opportunities to participate in sports were important when selecting a vacation.The term sport tourism has been adopted in recent years to describe sport-related leisure travel. It is generally recognized that three are three broad categories of sport tourism. The first category. Watching sporting events or Sports Event Tourism includes hallmark events such as FIFA World Cup Football Championships, and the Olympic games. Tournament sponsored by the Professional Golf Association or the World Tennis Association are also part of the spectator-centered sector of sport tourism.The second type of sport tourism, celebrity and nostalgia sport tourism involves visiting famous sports-related attractions. Visits of the sports halls of fame fall into this category. Another form of celebrity and nostalgia sport tourism that has emerged in recent years is meeting famous sports personalities. The cruise industry has been experienced in this area. Sports theme cruise such as “the NBA basketball cruise” arrange for passengers to meet personalities from sports while on board.Active participation is the third category of sports tourism. This is composed of individuals who travel to participate in golf, skiing, and tennis in particular, although other sports such as fishing, and scuba diving are popular in the US.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Online Pharmacy (药店): A Foreseeable TrendOnline pharmacies may replace corner drugstores in the future, which would be of benefit to all of us. Sadly, current Federal Drug Administration (FDA) restrictions prevent many Americans from gaining access to the medicines they require online. Fortunately, online pharmacies offer these drugs and provide patients with more treatment options at lower prices. Those calling for the restrictions are wrong. Online pharmacies are crucial to numerous people.While some drugs sold online aren’t FDA-approved, customers shouldn’t be prevented from buying them. Many of the herbal remedy (草药) online pharmacies offer have been used for hundreds of years, especially in Asian countries, and they have strong safety records. Other medicines may come from foreign countries, but they aren’t harming the peopl e who use them in their own countries. Take depression pills as an example. It has been used safely for many years in France and other European countries, yet it’s just now being tested in the U.S.Nowadays, just getting in to see a doctor seems to take forever, not to mention the time and money to get tests done and await the results. Thanks to the Internet, customers now know more about available medicines than ever before and are therefore able to take them without having to consult a doctor. The Internet, after all, is filled with information about all kinds of drugs. Much of it has even been written by doctors and pharmaceutical companies themselves.Another issue to consider is money. Health care costs in America are rising every year, and pharmaceutical companies are making billions. Online pharmacies typically sell their drugs atlower prices than hospital pharmacies and corner drugstores. Consumers shouldn’t be blamed for seeking cheaper alternatives and refusing to line the pockets of already wealthy companies and stores.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Take care of your spine (脊柱)The spine stands at the center of your health, providing your body with structure and support. It also contains your spinal cord, a massive collection of nerves conveying electric signals from the rest of your body to your brain. Since your spine is so central to your health, it’s important to look after it.Maintaining good posture (姿势) is one of the most important things you can do to keep your spine healthy. Proper posture means standing or sitting while keeping your spine straight, except for its natural curves. Posture comes into play even when you’re asleep. Sleeping on your side puts less stress on your spine than most other positions. Staying still for too long—even if your posture is good—can be hard on your back. Especially if you work at a desk most of the day, it’s important to get up and stretch periodically.Exercise is also an important factor in the health of your spine. Stretch can help the muscles around your spine relax and allow bones to shift into better arrangement. Strength exercises like pushups can also help by strengthening the muscles around your spine. However, don’t overdo the exercise, as repeated motions can stain the muscles around your spine.Finally, your diet affects the health of your spine because many vitamins are necessary for bones and nerves. In particular, B vitamins and omega-3 fatty acids help keep nerves healthy, so you may want to consider taking a supplement. Another important factor is vitamin D, which is essential for strong bones. Vitamin D can come from some foods, but it’s also absorbed from sunlight, so it may help to do some of those back exercises outside.Many of the actions necessary to keep your spine healthy are identical to those used to preserve your health in other ways. So protect our back, and the rest of body will benefit.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.What started as a race to space between the United States and Russia has turned out to be a technological revolution that has greatly improved the quality of daily life throughout the world. Scientists at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) have invented new technology to make space flights doable. The same technology, when applied on Earth, has produced thousands of products in the areas of health and sports that have significant impacts on our lives.Many of these improvements are in the fields of health and medicine. NASA-inspired technology fueled the great advances in the early detection of deadly diseases. For instance, computer chips designed for the Hubble telescope are used in digital imaging devices that help medical professionals detect cancer at very early stages. Eye doctors can now diagnose vision problems in very young children by using ocular screening. Ultrasound scanners, portable x-ray devices, and bone analyzers are among the medical devices developed with the help of spacetechnology.Fogless ski goggles and special sportswear are among the hundreds of items of sports equipment inspired by NASA technology. Space technology has been applied to sports too. The running shoes that athletes use today have midsoles that act like shock absorbers and keep the runners steady while in motion. These shoes utilize the technology NASA used to design the moon boot. In golf, athletes use a new ball that employs NASA research on how to make the flight of the ball from the tee to the green faster and more accurate. In swimming, athletes can swim faster because of NASA-developed riblets in the fabric of their swimsuits.Almost all aspects of daily life continue to improve because NASA scientists are still at work. Transportation, methods of preparing food, and work environments are other ways in which NASA technology has made significant changes.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.As is known to all, many things can be measured in terms of data. Sometimes data can indeed tell the truth. With the help of data we can easily know the price of a can of Coke in the supermarket or the result of a football match or the temperature of a certain day. Obviously, data can make our life easier and more comfortable. What is more important, data seem to be fairer than words or statements. If the data are true, we don’t have to worry about being cheated. Nowadays, as lies exist in the world, data are expected to tell the truth. Therefore, many of us would rather believe data.On the other hand, if we judge things only by data from the so-called specific research, aren’twe a little too narrow-minded? Many people often treat the so-called specific data unwisely just to make sure that they are making the right decisions. But sometimes we may find that data aren’t everything. For example, how can you tell that somebody isn’t a good student just because he or she doe sn’t get high marks in the final examination?There are many things in our life which cannot be measured by data. For example, the degree of your feeling happy in your life, the depth of love between you and your friends, and the faith you have in your country. We can only feel them in our hearts but can never express them in data.There is no doubt that analyzing the exact data is important to assessment of an actual event. But data should be dealt with wisely. We often get wrong data which mislead us. We should try our best to be wise thinkers. Remember, data have no feeling but we humans have. Data do not mean much to people if we do not have the abilities to analyze the data with the knowledge and confidence to judge whether they are true or false.Data are data after all. Life is much more colorful than the pale data. So give the cold data a warm heart and we’ll find that the world is far more wonderful than the pale data can describe.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.A remarkable variety of insects live in this planet. More species of insects exist than all other animal species together. Insects have survived on earth for more than 300 million years, and may possess the ability to survive for millions more. Insects can be found almost everywhere -- on the highest mountains and on the bottom of rushing streams, in the cold South Pole and in bubbling hot springs. They dig through the ground, jump and sing in the trees, and run and dance in the air.They come in many different colours and various shapes.There are many reasons why insects are so successful at surviving. Their amazing ability to adapt permits them to live in extreme ranges of temperatures and environments. The one place where they have not yet been found to any major extent is in the open oceans. Insects can survive on a wide range of natural and artificial foods -- paint, pepper, glue, books, grain, cotton, other insects, plants and animals. Because they are small they can hide in tiny spaces.Also, insects have an enormous reproductive capacity: An African ant queen can lay as many as 43,000 eggs a day.Another reason for their success is the strategy of protective colour. An insect may be right before our eyes, but nearly invisible because it is cleverly disguised(伪装) like a green leaf, lump of brown soil, gray lichen(青苔), a seed or some other natural object. Some insects use bright, bold colours to send warning signals that they taste bad, sting or are poison. Others have wing patterns that look like the eyes of a huge predator, bitter-tasting insects; hungry enemies are fooled into avoiding them.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.So, when you picked up a few things in a supermarket, a guy ran his cart over your toe with no apology. By the time when a fellow motorist had cut you off in traffic, with a rude hand gesture or two, wasn't it a relief to get to the office?The answer is a definite yes. It is found that most American people today think public rudeness is on the rise, and most see that as a "major problem." Moreover, it's getting worse. Lastyear, people reported encountering an average of 6.2 instances per week of evil behavior. This year, the number had shot up to 10.6.The exception, it seems, is the Workshops. More than 90% of us see companies offices as what is immune（免疫）to social bad manners. Workplaces are getting more civil in many people's eyes. The reported cases of office incivility this year declined to 0.29%---markedly lower than cases of running into rudeness online (39%), or while driving (also 39%).Of course, less-than-polite driving or letting loose with an online conduct code is, after all, unlikely to cost anyone his next raise or promotion. However, being on one's best behavior in any professional field is generally a common-sense career awareness for anyone seeking job development.But there’s more to it. Trends in how companies operate seem to have the welcome effect of encouraging coworkers to play nice. CEOS, and managers at all levels, are now keen on cooperation. They are trying to build a ‘Best Places to Work’ culture, to attract the best available talents. This emphasis on co-working atmosphere really requires civil interactions between people.Nonetheless，a significant number of employees believe there’s more to be done. Asked what changes they’d like to see, 62％hope that “civility training will be continued”, looking for bigger progress in the workplace manners.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Take Care of Your Spine (脊柱)The spine stands at the center of your health, providing your body with structure and support.It also contains your spinal cord, a massive collection of nerves that sends electric signals from the rest of your body to your brain. Therefore, it’s important to take care of it.Maintaining your good posture is one of the most important things you can do to keep your spine healthy. Proper posture means standing or sitting while keeping your spine straight, except for its natural curves. Posture comes into play even when you’re asleep. Sleeping on your side puts less stress on your spine than most other positions. Having a comfortable bed is also very important as sleeping in a position that isn’t comfortable can leave your back feeling sore the next day.Exercise is also an important factor in the health of your spine. Staying still for too long—even if your posture is good—can be hard on your back. Especially if you work at a desk most of the day, it’s important to get up and stretch periodically. Stretches can help the muscles around your spine relax and allow bones to shift into better positions. Strength exercises with light weights or bodyweight exercises like pushups can also help by strengthening the muscles around your spine. However, don’t overdo the exercise, as repeated motions can hurt the muscles around your spine.Your diet also affects the health of your spine because many vitamins are necessary for bones and nerves. In particular, B vitamins help keep nerves healthy, so you may want to consider taking a supplement (补充物). Another important factor is vitamin D, which is essential for strong bones, but it’s also absorb ed from sunlight, so it may help to do some of those back exercises outside.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.All Must Have DegreesIn a classroom in Seoul a group of teenagers sit over their desks in total silence. Study begins at eight in the morning and ends at half past four in the afternoon. And some even go back home at midnight. Like thousands of South Koreans, they are preparing for the important exam, which will largely determine whether they go to a good university or not. Degrees have become useful. Seventy percent of students who graduate from the country’s secondary schools now go straight to universities.Many more countries have seen a big rise in the share of young people with degrees, but South Korea is an extreme case. As technological reforms require workers to do many difficult and demanding jobs that they would not have done before, there seems to be reasonable to insist that more workers receive a good education than before. And a degree is an obvious way for bright youngsters From poor families to prove their abilities. People tend to earn more if they have degrees.Employers do not have to pay for higher education and they are increasingly able to demand degrees to screen out the least motivated or capable. A recent study by Joseph Fuller and Manjari Raman of Harvard Business School shows that companies routinely require applicants to have degrees, even though only a minority of those already working in the role have them.The Economist’s analysis found that between 1970 and 2015, the proportion of 256 workers aged 25-64 with at least a bachelor’s degree increased. Some of them are highly intellectually demanding jobs, such as aviation engineers. Others are non-graduate jobs such as waiting tables. Sixteen percent of waiters now have degrees, because probably in most cases they could not find jobs and live poorly. Today, having a degree is usually an entry requirement.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Gossip“Did you hear what happened to Adam Last Friday?” Lindsey whispers to Tori.With her eyes shining, Tori brags, “You bet I did, Sean told me two days ago.”Lindsey and Tori aren’t very different from most students here at Linton High School, including me. Many of our conversations are gossip and I have noticed the effects of gossip.An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about. Usually, gossip spreads information about a topic—breakups, trouble at home—that a person would rather keep secret. The more embarrassing the secret is, the juicier the gossip it makes. Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie. People often think of gossipers as harmless, but cruel lies can cause pain.If we know that gossip can be harmful, then why do so many of us do it? The answer lies in another effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us. Sharing the latest rumor can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don’t. Similarly, hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the “in group”. In other words, gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority.Gossip also can have a third effect: it strengthens unwritten rules about how people should act. Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group. For instance, if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said, then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention. The do’s and don’ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook.The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation. The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have.IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.The drug store was closing for the night and Alfred Higgins was about to go home when his new boss approached him.“Empty your pockets please, Alfred,” Sam Carr demanded in a firm voice.Alfred pretended to be shocked but he knew he’d been caught. From his coat he withdrew a make-up kit, a lipstick and two tubes of toothpaste.“I’m disappointed in you, Alfred!” said the little gray-haired man.“Sorry, Sir. Please forgive me. I’ve never done such a thing before.” Alfred lied, hoping to gain the old man’s sympathy.Mr Carr’s brow furrowed (皱眉) as he reached for the phone, “Do you take me for a fool? Let’s see what the police have to say. But first I’ll call your mother and let her know her son is heading to jail.”“Do whatever you want,” Alfred shot back, trying to sound big. But deep down he felt like a child. He imagined his mother rushing in, eyes burning with anger, maybe in tears. Yet he wanted her to come quickly before Mr. Carr called the police.Mr. Carr was surprised when Mrs Higgins finally arrived. She was very calm, quiet and friendly. “Is Alfred in trouble?” she asked.“He’s been stealing from the store,” the old man coolly replied.Mrs. Higgins put out her hand and touched Mr. Carr’s arm with great g entleness as if she knew just how he felt. She spoke as if she did not want to cause him any more trouble. “What do you want to do, Mr. Carr?”The woman’s calm and gentle manner disarmed the once-angry store-owner. “I was going to get a cop. But I don’t want to be cruel. Tell your son not to come back here again, and I’ll let itgo.” Then he warmly shook Mrs. Higgins’s hand.Mrs. Higgins thanked the old man for his kindness, then mother and son left. They walked along the street in silence. When they arrive d home his mother simply said, “Go to bed, you fool.”In his bedroom, Alfred heard his mother in the kitchen. He felt no shame, only pride in his mother’s actions. “She was smooth!” he thought. He went to the kitchen to tell her how great she was, but was shocked by what he saw.His mother’s face looked frightened, broken. Not the cool, bright face he saw earlier. Her lips moved nervously. She looked very old. There were tears in her eyes.This picture of his mother made him want to cry. He felt his youth ending. He saw all the troubles he brought her and the deep lines of worry in her grey face. He seemed to have never really seen his mother like that.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.When we wake up feeling sleepy and with dark circles under eyes, many of us often think:” I’m going to go to bed earlier tomorrow!” But however determined we are, chances are that we don’t stick to our promise. This behavior is called “bedtime procrastinat ion（拖延症）”.According to a study carried out by a group of health psychologists at Utrecht University in the Netherlands in 2014, bedtime procrastination is a common problem. In their study, 53 percent of the 2,400 participants said they didn’t follow their sleep schedule, delaying it at least twice a week.It’s found that they delayed bedtime not because they liked to stay up late, but they couldn’tstop doing other unimportant things, which were keeping them up in the first place.“People who generally hav e trouble resisting temptations and sticking to their intentions are more likely to delay going to bed.” Floor Kroese, a psychologist at Utrecht University, further explained to HuffPost.Yet, according to scientists, lack of self-control is not the only thing to blame. Our body clock also plays an important role when it comes to bed time. In order to check the influence of the body clock on sleep, psychologists at Ulm University in Germany studied the sleep patterns of 108 people in February. It was found that those who get up late are more likely to postpone their bedtime than those who wake early every morning.“The intention to go to bed earlier is not enough,” Jane Kuhnel, a psychologist at Ulm University, concluded in Popular Science. “Biological processes need to support this intention.”People always think that bedtime procrastination isn’t a big problem, but as Kroese told Popular Science, “the choices we make that affect out sleep could turn out to be pretty important for our health.”IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.To Friend or UnfriendSocial networking makes it very easy to have friends –lots and lots friends. Hundreds or millions of people have joined QQ, Wechat, and other sites so that they can communicate with friends online. However, the meaning of the word “friend” seems changed. In the past, a friend was someone you had a close personal relationship with. Now, anyone in the world can be yourfriend online! Some people have thousands of cyber friends, but what do you do if you don’t want to have so many friends?Easy! You can dump an unwanted friend with just one click of your mouse. In recent years, it has become so common to get rid of friends in this way that there is a new word to describe it – to “unfriend”. The new Oxford American Dictionary named it word of the Year in 2009 and defined it like this: “to remove someone as a ‘friend’ from social networking site”. But why would you want to do such a thing as unfriending someone?The most common reason for unfriending someone is to eliminate annoying people from your social life. For example, some friends post messages much too frequently, especially those messages found to be extremely boring. They endlessly post status updates which say something like “I’m cooking dinner” or “I’m doing homework”. Another reason for unfriending someone is disagreement about world issues. A third reason is to get rid of people who write dirty things on social websites.Although dumping friends is not just an Internet phenomenon, far more online friendships end suddenly than off-line ones. Even in this computer age, it remains true that many people prefer spending time together face-to face. After all, that’s what friends ar e for!IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Take care of your spine (脊柱)The spine stands at the center of your health, providing your body with structure and support. It also contains your spinal cord, a massive collection of nerves conveying electric signals from。
2019年上海市普陀区高考英语一模试卷
2019年上海市普陀区高考英语一模试卷I.ListeningComprehension（略）II.GrammarandvocabularySectionA10%1．（10分）TheBestBookI'veEverReadFrankly，Ihavereadnearlyallofthegreatworksofliterature，butnobookhaseverimpressedmeasdeeplyordirectly（1）JoelStein'sManMade：AStupidQuestforMasendinity．Haven'tweall，onsomelevel，beenJewishboysinNewJerseyin（2）1970swithonlyfemalefriends，anEasy﹣Bakeovenandastrongpreferenceforshowtunes？Haven'tweallhadapanicattack（3）learningwe'regoingtohaveason，sincethatmeanswe'regoingtohavetofigureouthowtothrowfootballs，watchotherpeoplethrowfootballsanddecide（4）tobehappyorsadabouttheresultsoffootballthrowing？Haven'tweallthentriedtocorrectourlackofmalenessbybecomingaman，fightingfireswithfirefighters，（5）（drive）aLamborghinianddoingthreedaysofArmytrainingcamp？IknowIhave．TheonlypartsIdidn'tfullyenjoywere（26）inwhichtheauthorsufferedhorribly．Afterjustthreehoursoftrainingcamp，hefaintedweaklyintothearmsofasoldier．ThefilmrightstoManMadehavealreadybeensoldtoFox，andIhopeitgets（27）（turn）intoamoviewithGeorgeClooneyplayingtheSteinrole，sincetheyremindmesomuchofeachother．（8）thisisonlyStein'sfirstbook，IwouldalreadyconsiderhimassomeonelikeDavidSedaris，DaveBarry，JamesThurber，MarkTwainandAbrahamLincoln．I（9）（recommend）ManMadenotjusttoallmyfriendsandfamilybutalsotostrangersonTwitteroverandoveragain．My onefearis（10）afterthisgreatachievement，Steinwilllosehisabilitytobeacruelcriticofourshallowtimes．II.GrammarandVocabularySectionA（10分）Directions：Afterreadingthepassagebelow，fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword，fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword；fortheotherblanks，useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.2．（10分）TheFatherofJDPrintingAbouttwentyyearsago，thesurgeonsattheWilfordHullmedicalcenterworkingtoseparateapairofconjoined（连体的）twinsthoughtthatonlyonewouldbeabletowalkaftertheoperation．Afteramodelofthegirls'bonestr ucturewas（1）using3Dprinting，however，theyfoundasharedupperlegbonetobebiggerthanexpectedandsplititsuccessfully，（2）inbothtwinsbeingabletowalk．Noweightyandstillworkingaschieftechnologyofficerof3DSyste ms．ChuckHullisenjoyingsomeminor（3）31yearsafterhefirstprintedasmallblackeye﹣washcupusinganewmethodofmanufacturingknownas3Dprinting．Atthetime，hewasworkingforacompanythatusedUVlighttoputthinlayersofplasticcoatsontabletopsand（4）．Hehadanideathatifhecouldplacethousandsofthinlayersofplasticontopofeachother andthencuttheirshapeusinglight，hewouldbeabletoformthreedimensionalobjects．Afterayear，he（5）asystemwherelightwasshoneintoabottleofphotopolymer﹣amaterialwhichchangesfromliquidtoplastic﹣likesolidwhenlightshinesonit﹣andtracestheshapeofoneleveloftheobject．Subsequentlayersarethenprinteduntilitis（6）．Afterpatentingtheinvention，hesetup3DSystems，（7）getting＄6m（￡3.5m）fromaCanadianinvestor．Thefirst（8）productcameoutin1988andprovedahitamongcarmanufacturers，intheaerospacesectorandforcompaniesdesigningmedicalequipment．Thepossibilitiesappearen dless﹣fromhome﹣printedfoodandmedicineto（9）thatpicturesofobjectsbeabletobetakeninshopsandthenrecreatedusingplansdownloadedfromtheI nternetAlthoughdeliberateinhisresponses，thereisonemomentwhenthe（10）spokenChuckHulltellsofhissurpriseaboutwhatexactlyhiscreationwascapableofachieving．III.ReadingComprehensionSectionA（15分）Directions：ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA，B，CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.3．（15分）WordstoTurnaConversationAroundIt'snotwhatyousay，butit'showyousayit﹣isn'tit？Accordingtoalanguageexpert，wemayhavethiswrong．"Wearepushedandpulledaroundbylanguagefarmorethanwe（1），"saysElizabethStoke，professorofsocialinteractionatLoughboroughUniversity．Stokeandhercolleagueshave（2）thousandsofhoursofrecordedconversations，fromcustomerservicestomediation（调解）hotlinesandpolicecrisis（3）．Theydiscoveredthatcertainwordsorphraseshavethepowertochangethecourseofaco nversation．Someofthesewordsaresurprising，and（4）whatwe'vebeentaughttobelieve．Forexample，inastudyofconversationsbetweendoctorsandpatients，evidenceshowedthatdoctorswho（5）optionsratherthanrecommendedbestsolutions，gotabetterresponse，despitethesuggestionfromhospitalguidelinestotalkaboutthebestinterestsofthepatient．But，fromconversationexpertssuchasStoketoFBInegotiatorsandcommunicationcoaches，we'relearningwhichwordsarelikelyto（6）orpersuadeus．Stokefoundthatpeoplewhohadalreadyresponded（7）whenaskediftheywouldliketoattendmediationseemedtochangetheirmindswhenthemediatorused thephrase．"Wouldyoubewillingtocomeforameeting？""Assoonastheword‘willing'wasused，peoplewouldsay：‘Oh，yes，definitely'﹣theywouldactually（8）thesentencetoagree．"Stokefoundithadthesameeffectindifferentsettings：withbusiness﹣to﹣businesscoldcallers；withdoctorstryingto（9）peopletogotoaweight﹣lossclass．Shealsolookedatphrasessuchas"Wouldyouliketo"and"Wouldyoubeinterestedin"．"Sometimesthey（10），but ‘willing'wastheonethatgotpeopletoagreemorerapidlyandwithmoreenthusiasm．""'Hello'isareallyimportantwordthatcanchangethe（11）ofaconversation，"Stokesays．"It'sabouthowyourespondtopeoplewhoarewhatwecall‘firstmovers'﹣peoplewhosaysomethingreally（12），""Itmightbetheworkcolleagueswhoareextremelyangrytoyourdeskwithacomplaintortheneighbor who（13）rudewordsaboutparkingasyou'reputtingoutthebins．""Whatdoyoudowiththatperson？Ratherthanrespondinthesamemanner，sayingsomethingnice，suchasaverybright‘Hello!'，socializesthatotherpersonalittlebit．"Useitwhenyouwanttoresistgettingintoa （14）．"Youhavetobecarefulnottosoundtoopassive﹣aggressive，"Stokesays，"butjustonefriendlywordinabrighttonecandeletethe（15）oftheconversation．"（1）A．suggest B．realize C．imply D．emphasize（2）A．analyzed B．addressed C．simplified D．discovered（3）A．instructions B．revolutions C．associations D．negotiations （4）A．getinto B．turnaway C．goagainst D．insiston（5）A．pointed B．inspired C．motivated D．listed（6）A．comfort B．defend C．support D．protect（7）A．actively B．positively C．negatively D．passively（8）A．finish B．reject C．refuse D．interrupt（9）A．persuade B．stimulate C．force D．tempt（10）A．interacted B．worked C．responded D．initiated（11）A．approach B．course C．evolution D．pattern（12）A．impractical B．unimaginative C．critical D．illogical（13）A．keepsback B．answersfor C．agreeson D．launchesinto （14）A．conflict B．disaster C．strike D．damage（15）A．challenge B．debate C．worry D．silence SectionB（22分）Directions：Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstate ments.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA，B，CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustre ad.4．（8分）Lastsummer，bird﹣watchersconfirmedthediscoveryofanewspeciesofbirdinCambodiawasnotaneventofparticularbiol ogicalsignificance，butitwasstrikingforonereasoninpart．Thisspeciesofbirdwasdiscoverednotinanunspoiledrainfore stbutwithinthelimitsCambodia'scapital，PhnomPenh﹣acitythesizeofPhiladelphia．Whattheresearchersfoundwassurprisingincities．Themedium﹣sizedcityinthestateabout110speciesofbirds，over95percentofwhichwouldhavebeengrowingthereurbanization．Ecologicallyspeaking，citiesaredifferent，concretebuildings．Rather，eachuniquebio﹣profile﹣akindofecologicalfingerprint﹣thatisagainsttheideaofanenvironmentdeadzone．Ofcourse，it'salsotruethatintheworldofbirdsandplants，asinhumansociety，thereissuchathingasworldwide﹣thecity﹣inhabitantswhofeelequallyathomeinSanFrancisco，MilanandBeijing．Fourbirdsoccurinmorethan80percentofthecitiesstudied，and11plantsoccurredinmorethan90percentofthecities．Ontheplantside，thoseareseeminglyspreadbyEuropeansettlement．Intheair，it'stheusualsuspects：therockpigeonandmanyotherbirds．"Theyhavebecomecompletelyadaptedtourbanlife，"Kattisays．"That'snotmuchofsurprise．Buttheydon'tactuallydominateasmuchaswethinkthey do．"Thosespecies﹣occurringinthecitiesacrosstheglobe﹣representonlyasmallpartofacity'snaturalvarieties．Notallcitiesareequalprotectorsofnativeanimalsandplants，though．Oneofthebiggestpredictorsforacity'sbiodiversityisitsurbandesign．Territoryasvarieda sbackyardsandstreettreescanlayimportantrolesingreeningacity．Infact，theamouhtofgreenspaceisastrongerpredictorofthedensityofbiodiversitythanacity'ssize．Ametr opoliswithasizablenetworkofparkscancontainmorespeciespersquaremilethanamuchsmallercity．Inaworldwherearchitecture，food，language，fashionandcommerceareincreasinglyglobalized，acity'snativeanimalsandplantscanbeakindofidentity．TheremaybeneighborhoodsinLondonand ParisthatresembleSingaporeorHongKong．Citiesarebecomingsimilar，buttheirnaturalenvironmentsstandcompletelyapart．（1）Accordingtothepassage，whatdoyouthinkofPhnomPenh，Cambodia'scapital？A．Itisfullofvariousrareplantsandanimals．B．Itsbirds'populationislargerthanthatofSanFrancisco．C．It'sasbigasPhiladelphiaintermsofarea．D．ItisonanequalfootingwithBeijingandMilan．（2）WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTthesameastheauthor'sidea？A．Fromabiologicalpointnewchangeshappeneveryday．B．Fromanenvironmentalpointthedailychangesaren'tobviousenough．C．Eachcityhasdifferentcharacteristicsintermsofecologicaldevelopment．D．Differentspeciesofcreaturesarebornindifferentcities．（3）Someplantsarefoundinmanycitiesintheworld，whichseemstobearesultof．A．naturalselectionB．globalizationC．urbandevelopmentD．colonization（4）Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage？A．WhatSurprisingCities!TheMedium﹣sizedCityHasVariousSpeciesofBirds!B．ThePowerofPlantsandAnimals!TheCharmofAlltheCities!C．TheCitiesAreConcreteJungles!NeverThinkaboutThemtheSameWayAgain!D．MoreSpeciesPerSquareMile!TheAmountofGreenSpaceIsaStrongerPredictor!5．（6分）PleaseChooseCloudServicesmaybeunsure，oryoudonotknowwheretobegin．TryingeveryCloudservicewouldtakealotoftimeandwork．But，thewebsiteReviews．commighthelp．Onevaluablefeatureistheprotectionofdigitalfiles，includingphotos，videos，documents，musicandmore．Iftheworsthappensandyourcomputercrashes，orgetslostordamaged，yourfilescanstillfoundintheCloud．Cloudservicesletyouaccessyourfilesfromalmostanywhere．Noneedtoworryaboutafilestoredon yourcomputerwhenyouareawayfromyourdesk．IfyouhaveanInternetconnection，youcanopenyourfilesfromanycomputer，orfromaphone，whentheyarestoredusingaCloudservice．UsingaCloudservicemakessharingfileseasier．Ifyousenddocumentstoagroupusingemails，youmaythenwonderwhichversioneveryoneisworkingwith．WhensharingfilesusingaCloudserv ice，everyonewillseethesamedocumentandthelatestversion．Thefirstthingtoconsideristheamountofstoragespaceyouneed．Checkhowmuchspaceyouarecurr entlyusingonyourcomputerandmobiledevices．Ifyourcomputerorphoneisfilledwithphotosand youhavelittlefreespace，youmaywanttomoveyourphotostotheCloud．SomeCloudservicesarefree．But，ifyouneedalotofspace，youwillprobablyneedonethatcostsmoney．EvenifeveryoneyouhaveevermetisaWindowsuser，youstillprobablywantaCloudservicethatworkswithmanyplatforms．Youmightbecomefriendsw ithanAndroiduserorstartajobwithacompanythatcomputersonApple!（1）Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage？A．Google﹣Driveuserscanobtain100GBforfree．B．MostCloudservicescansendfilestoboththeCloudandthelocalcomputer．C．It'shardtotransferyourfilewhenyouturnonthecomputerifitisstoredintheCloud．D．NeverworryaboutfindingyourfilesintheCloudsifthecomputersystemcrashes．（2）WhatwillyouhavetodoifyouneedmorespacetostoremorefilesintheCloud？A．TouseyourownCloudservices．B．ToshareCloudspacewithothers．C．Tospendmoneybuyingspace．D．Tobuythelatestversionoftheservice．（3）HowcanconsumersfindtheCloudservicethatsuitsthembest？A．Bylearningmoreinformationaboutthespaceoccupiedbyfiles．B．BycomparingCloud'sfunction，storage，availablespaceandprices．C．Bysendingfilestoagroupofpeopleviae﹣mailinquiringabouttheCloudservice．D．BymakingfriendswithAndroiduserswhouseApplecomputers．6．（8分）IsPaperlessOfficeReallyPaperless？Arisingeconomyincreasedpapersalesby6yo7percenteachyearintheearlytomid﹣1990s，andtheconvenienceofdesktopprintingallowedofficeworkerstoindulgeanythingandeverything．In2004，MsDunn，acommunicationssuppliesdirector，saidthatplainwhiteofficepaperwouldseelessthana4percentgrowthrate，aprimaryreasonforwhichisthatsome47percentoftheworkforceenteredthejobmarketaftercomput ershadalreadybeenintroducedtooffices．Forofficeinnovators，thedreamofpaperlessofficeisanexampleofhigh﹣techarrogance（傲慢）．Today'sofficeserviceisoverwhelmedBymorenewspapersthaneverbefore．Afterdecadeso fdevelopment，theAmericangovernmentcanfinallygetridofthemadnessonpaper．Inthepast，thedemandforpaperhasbeenfaraheadofgrowthintheAmericaneconomy，butthesaleshaveslowedmarkedlyoverthepasttwotothreeyears，despitethegoodeconomicconditions．"Oldhabitsarehardtobreak，"saysMs．Dunn．"Therearesomefunctionsthatpaperserveswhereascreendisplaydoesn'twork ．Thosefuncitonsarebothitsstrengthanditsweakness．"Analystsattributethedeclinetosuchfacto rsasadvancesindigitaldatabasesandcommunicationsystems．Escapingourcravingforpaper，however，willbeanythingbutaneasyaffair．"We'refinallyseeingareductionintheamountofpaperbeingusedperworkerintheworkplace，"saysJohnMaine，vicepresidentofapapereconomicconsultingfirm．"Moreinformationisbeingtransmittedelectron ically，andanincreasingnumberofpeoplearesatisfiedthatinformationexistsonlyinelectronicformwithout printingmultiplebackups．"Toreducepaperuse，somecompaniesareworkingtocombinedigitalandpapercapabilities．Forexample，Xeroxisdevelopingelectronicpaper：thindigitaldisplaysthatrespondtoastylus，likeapenonpaper．Markscanbeerasedorsaveddigitally．Evenwithsuchtechnologicaladvances，theincreasingamountsofelectronicdatanecessarilyrequiremorepaper．"Theinformationindustrytodayiscomposedofathinpapercrustsurroundinganelectroniccore，"Mr．Saffowrote．Thegrowingpapercrustismostnoticeable，butthehiddenelectroniccoreisfarlargerandgrowingmorerapidly．Theresultisthatwearebecomin gpaperless，butwehardlynoticeatall．"That'soneofthegreatestironiesoftheinformationage，"Saffosays．"It'sjustcommonsensethatthemoreyoutalktosomeonebyphoneorcomputer，itinevitablyleadstoaface﹣to﹣facemeeting．ThebestthingfortheaviationindustrywastheInternet．"（1）WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTareasonfortheslowdowninAmericanpapersales？A．Workforcewithbettercomputerskills．B．SlowgrowthoftheU．S．economy．C．Changingpatternsinpaperuse．D．Changingemploymenttrends．（2）WhatdoesthelastsentenceinPara3mean？A．Wehavetolookatpaperconsumptionfromdifferentangles．B．Thereislittlechancethatpaperconsumptionwillfallinthedigitalage．C．Paperconsumptionwillbegreatlyreducedinthedigitalage．D．Peoplearenolongersoaddictedtopaperinthedigitalage．（3）TheinnovationsfromXeroxandothercompaniesfeature．A．theintergrationofdigitaltechnologywithtraditionalpaperB．thechancefromtraditionalpapertodigitaltechnologyC．thecombinationoftheuseofcomputerscreensandcellphonesD．anewtypeofcomputerwritingandcommunciation（4）Whatcanwedrawfromtheexampleoftheaviationindustryinthelastparagraph？A．Thedreamofthepaperlessofficewillberealizedsomeday．B．Peopleusuallyprefertohaveface﹣to﹣facemeetingsinsteadofusingcomputers．C．Moredigitaldatauseleadstogreaterpaperuseinthedigitaltime．D．Somepeoplearenolongeropposedtovideo﹣conferencing．SectionCDirections：Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentenceca nbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.7．（8分）TrafficRegulationandAccidentPreventionWeliveinaremarkabletime，andmanyoftheoncefataldiseasescannowbecuredwithmodernmedicineandsurgery．Itisalmostce rtainthatonedayacurewillbefoundfortherestofthediseases．Expectationsoflifehavegreatlyincre ased．Butthoughthepossibilityoflivingalongandhappylifeisgreaterthaneverbefore，everydaywewitnesstheincrediblekillingofmen，womenandchildrenontheroads．Manfightsagainstthemotor﹣car．Itisanever﹣endingbattlewhichmanislosing．（1）Nothingcanseriouslyincreaseyourriskofpotentiallyfatalcaraccidentsotherthanspeedingandfailin gtopaydueattentiontoweatherconditions．（2）Thereisnodoubtthatthemotor﹣caroftenbringsoutaman'sveryworstqualities．Usuallyquietandpleasantpeople，whentheyarebehindthesteeringwheel，willbecomeunrecognizable．Theyareimpolite，aggressive，self﹣willedliketwo﹣year﹣old，completelyselfish．Alltheirhiddenfrustrations，disappointments，andjealousyseemtobecausedbydriving．（3）It'sallforhisownconvenience．Duetoaserioustragedy，thecityisalmostuninhabitableandthehugeparkinglotmakesthetownugly．Thedestructionofrural areasandtheannualmasskillingsarejustastatistic，easilyforgotten．Withregardtodriving，thelawsofsomecountriesarenotstrictandeventhestrictestarenotstrictenough．Trafficrulesareforeveryonetofollowunderanycircumstances，andnoonecanmakeanexceptionunlessyoumakeajokeofyourownlife．Universallyacceptedstand ardscanonlyhaveasignificantbeneficialontheincidenceofaccidents．Governmentsshoulddevelo psafetycodesformanufacturers．（4）Thesemeasuresmaysoundcruel．However，ifthesemeasuresresultinareductioninthelossoflifeeveryyear，theyshouldcertainlynotbeconsideredserious．Afterall，theworldbelongstohumans，notcars．Ⅳ.SummaryWriting.8．（10分）Directions：Readthefollowingpassage．Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint（s）ofthepassageinnomorethan60words．Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible．AllMustHaveDegreesInaclassroominSeoulagroupofteenagerssitovertheirdesksintotalsilence．Studybeginsateightint hemorningandendsathalfpastfourintheafternoon．Andsomeevengobackhomeatmidnight．Lik ethousandsofSouthKoreans，theyarepreparingfortheimportantexam，whichwilllargelydeterminewhethertheygotoagooduniversityornot．Degreeshavebecomeusefu l．Seventypercentofstudentswhograduatefromthecountry'ssecondaryschoolsnowgostraighttou niversities．Manymorecountrieshaveseenabigriseintheshareofyoungpeoplewithdegrees，butSouthKoreaisanextremecase．Astechnologicalreformsrequireworkerstodomanydifficultan ddemandingjobsthattheywouldnothavedonebefore，thereseemstobereasonabletoinsistthatmoreworkersreceiveagoodeducationthanbefore．Andad egreeisanobviouswayforbrightyoungstersFrompoorfamiliestoprovetheirabilities．Peopletendt oearnmoreiftheyhavedegrees．Employersdonothavetopayforhighereducationandtheyareincreasinglyabletodemanddegreestos creenouttheleastmotivatedorcapable．ArecentstudybyJosephFullerandManjariRomaanofHarv ardBusinessSchoolshowsthatcompaniesroutinelyrequireapplicantstohavedegrees，eventhoughonlyaminorityofthosealreadyworkingintherolehavethem．TheEconomist'sanalysisfoundthatbetween1970and2015，theproportionof256workersaged25﹣64withatleastabachelor'sdegreeincreased．Someofthemarehighlyintellectuallydemandingjobs，suchasaviationengineers．Othersarenon﹣graduatejobssuchaswaitingtables．Sixteenpercentofwaitersnowhavedegrees，becauseprobablyinmostcasestheycouldnotfindjobsandlivepoorly．Today，havingadegreeisusuallyanentryrequirement．Ⅴ.Translation.Directions：TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish，usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.9．（3分）晚上别喝太多的咖啡，会睡不着觉的．（or）10．（4分）事实证明，保持快乐的心态会降低得心脏病的风险．（It）11．（4分）乐观的人不会过分怀念美好的旧时光，因为他们正忙着创造新的回忆．（create）12．（4分）追求稳定并不是什么坏事，很多时候这样的态度在促使我们提升自我、挑战难度、攀登高峰．（when）Ⅵ.GuidedWriting.13．（25分）Directions：WriteanEnglishcompositionin120﹣150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese．2018年11月5日﹣10日，首届中国国际进口博览会在上海成功举行．假设你是明启中学的高三学生卢平，学校英语报向全体高三学生进行征文，题目为"TheCIIEinMyEyes"．你有意投稿，撰写一篇文章．稿件内容必须包含：1．对"新时代，共享未来（NewEra，SharedFuture）"的理解；2．首届进博会向世界传递了什么信息？对中国发展有何深远的影响？（中国国际进口博览会：ChinaInternationalImportExpo简称CIIE）2019年上海市普陀区高考英语一模试卷参考答案与试题解析I.ListeningComprehension（略）II.GrammarandvocabularySectionA10%1．（10分）TheBestBookI'veEverReadFrankly，Ihavereadnearlyallofthegreatworksofliterature，butnobookhaseverimpressedmeasdeeplyordirectly（1）as JoelStein'sManMade：AStupidQuestforMasendinity．Haven'tweall，onsomelevel，beenJewishboysinNewJerseyin（2）the 1970swithonlyfemalefriends，anEasy﹣Bakeovenandastrongpreferenceforshowtunes？Haven'tweallhadapanicattack（3）after learningwe'regoingtohaveason，sincethatmeanswe'regoingtohavetofigureouthowtothrowfootballs，watchotherpeoplethrowfootballsanddecide（4）when tobehappyorsadabouttheresultsoffootballthrowing？Haven'tweallthentriedtocorrectourlackofmalenessbybecomingaman，fightingfireswithfirefighters，（5）driving（drive）aLamborghinianddoingthreedaysofArmytrainingcamp？IknowIhave．TheonlypartsIdidn'tfullyenjoywere（26）thetime inwhichtheauthorsufferedhorribly．Afterjustthreehoursoftrainingcamp，hefaintedweaklyintothearmsofasoldier．ThefilmrightstoManMadehavealreadybeensoldtoFox，andIhopeitgets（27）turned（turn）intoamoviewithGeorgeClooneyplayingtheSteinrole，sincetheyremindmesomuchofeachother．（8）While thisisonlyStein'sfirstbook，IwouldalreadyconsiderhimassomeonelikeDavidSedaris，DaveBarry，JamesThurber，MarkTwainandAbrahamLincoln．I（9）haverecommended（recommend）ManMadenotjusttoallmyfriendsandfamilybutalsotostrangersonTwitteroverandoveragain．My onefearis（10）that afterthisgreatachievement，Steinwilllosehisabilitytobeacruelcriticofourshallowtimes．【考点】N6：语法填空．【分析】文章中作者推荐了一本书ManMade：AStupidQuestforMasendinity，介绍了作者的一系列看法．【解答】1．as．考查连词，as..as结构，和…一样深刻，故填as．2．the．考查冠词，inthe1970s，在20世纪70年代，故填the．3．after．考查介词，在得知我们即将有个儿子之后，故填after．4．when．考查连词，when引导宾语从句，什么时候该开心，什么时候该悲伤，故填when．5．driving．考查非谓语，we与drive是主动关系，故填现在分词做状语，故填driving．6．thetime．考查名词，作者很挣扎的那一次，thetime做先行词，在定语从句中做时间状语，故填thetime．7．turned．考查非谓语，get是系动词，getturnedinto：被变成，故填turned．8．While．考查连词，虽然这是他的第一本书，故填while引导让步状语从句．9．haverecommended．考查时态，我已经向朋友家人推荐了这本书，故填haverecommended．10．that．考查连词，that引导表语从句，我的担心是成功之后，Stein失去作为一名严苛批评家的能力，故填that．【点评】在一篇200词左右的语篇（短文或对话）中留出10处空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容或所提供单词的正确形式，所填写词语不得多于3个单词．要做好语法填空题，理解短文是解题的前提，扎实的词汇、句型和语法知识是基础，英语国家的背景知识是必要的补充．考生须灵活运用语法知识，如单词词性、单词时态、名词单复数、连接词、代词、冠词等判断各空白处应填写的内容．答完后，还要通读全文，核对所填单词形式是否正确，是否符合语境．II.GrammarandVocabularySectionA（10分）Directions：Afterreadingthepassagebelow，fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagiven word，fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword；fortheotherblanks，useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.2．（10分）TheFatherofJDPrintingAbouttwentyyearsago，thesurgeonsattheWilfordHullmedicalcenterworkingtoseparateapairofconjoined（连体的）twinsthoughtthatonlyonewouldbeabletowalkaftertheoperation．Afteramodelofthegirls'bonestr ucturewas（1）generated using3Dprinting，however，theyfoundasharedupperlegbonetobebiggerthanexpectedandsplititsuccessfully，（2）resulting inbothtwinsbeingabletowalk．Noweightyandstillworkingaschieftechnologyofficerof3DSyste ms．ChuckHullisenjoyingsomeminor（3）fame31yearsafterhefirstprintedasmallblackeye ﹣washcupusinganewmethodofmanufacturingknownas3Dprinting．Atthetime，hewasworkingforacompanythatusedUVlighttoputthinlayersofplasticcoatsontabletopsand（4）furniture．Hehadanideathatifhecouldplacethousandsofthinlayersofplasticontopofeachother andthencuttheirshapeusinglight，hewouldbeabletoformthreedimensionalobjects．Afterayear，he（5）developed asystemwherelightwasshoneintoabottleofphotopolymer﹣amaterialwhichchangesfromliquidtoplastic﹣likesolidwhenlightshinesonit﹣andtracestheshapeofoneleveloftheobject．Subsequentlayersarethenprinteduntilitis（6）completed．Afterpatentingtheinvention，hesetup3DSystems，（7）eventually getting＄6m（￡3.5m）fromaCanadianinvestor．Thefirst（8）commercial productcameoutin1988andprovedahitamongcarmanufacturers，intheaerospacesectorandforcompaniesdesigningmedicalequipment．Thepossibilitiesappearen dless﹣fromhome﹣printedfoodandmedicineto（9）suggestions thatpicturesofobjectsbeabletobetakeninshopsandthenrecreatedusingplansdownloadedfromtheI nternetAlthoughdeliberateinhisresponses，thereisonemomentwhenthe（10）softly spokenChuckHulltellsofhissurpriseaboutwhatexactlyhiscreationwascapableofachieving．【考点】N8：选词填空．【分析】本文主要讲述了3D打印技术的作用、来源和影响．【解答】答案：1﹣5ADCBF6﹣10HGJEK1．A．考查被动语态．根据句意可知，用三维打印技术制作了一个女孩的骨骼结构模型后，他们发现一个共享的大腿骨比预期的要大，并成功地将其分割开．此处意为"被生产、被制作"，用wasgenerated，故选A．2．D．考查现在分词．根据句意可知，结果两个双胞胎都能走路．现在80岁了，仍然是3D系统的首席技术官．此处应该用现在分词表示结果状语，填resulting，故选D．3．C．考查名词．根据句意可知，查克?赫尔（ChuckHull）在用一种称为3D打印的新制造方法打印了一个黑色洗眼杯31年后，名声不小．fame名声，故选C．4．B．考查名词．根据句意可知，当时，他在一家公司工作，该公司使用紫外线在桌面和家具上涂上薄薄的一层塑料外套．furniture家具，符合题意，故选B．5．F．考查考查动词．根据句意可知，一年后，他开发了一个系统，将光照进一瓶光聚合物中﹣﹣光照到光聚合物上时，这种材料会从液体变为塑料状固体﹣﹣并追踪物体的一个层面的形状．developed发展、开发，故选F．6．H．考查被动语态．根据句意可知，然后打印后续层，直到完成．becompleted被完成，故选H．7．G．考查副词．根据句意可知，在获得发明专利后，他建立了3D系统，最终从加拿大投资者那里获得了600万美元（350万英镑）．eventually最终地，故选G．8．J．考查形容词．根据句意可知，第一款商用产品于1988年问世，在汽车制造商、航空航天部门和医疗设备设计公司中受到了冲击．commercial商业的，故选J．9．E．考查名词复数．根据句意可知，这种可能性似乎是无止境的﹣﹣从家庭印刷的食品和药品到建议人们可以在商店里拍摄物体的照片，然后利用从互联网上下载的计划来重新制作，尽管他的回答是深思熟虑的．suggestions建议，故选E．10．K．考查副词．根据句意可知，有一刻，轻声细语的查克?赫尔讲述了他对自己的创造究竟能够实现什么的惊讶．softly轻轻地，故选K．【点评】根据选项词语，结构文章内容，综合考虑语法和固定搭配，最后选出最佳答案．III.ReadingComprehensionSectionA（15分）Directions：ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA，B，CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.3．（15分）WordstoTurnaConversationAroundIt'snotwhatyousay，butit'showyousayit﹣isn'tit？Accordingtoalanguageexpert，wemayhavethiswrong．"Wearepushedandpulledaroundbylanguagefarmorethanwe（1）B，"saysElizabethStoke，professorofsocialinteractionatLoughboroughUniversity．Stokeandhercolleagueshave（2）A thousandsofhoursofrecordedconversations，fromcustomerservicestomediation（调解）hotlinesandpolicecrisis（3）D．Theydiscoveredthatcertainwordsorphraseshavethepowertochangethecourseofaconversa tion．Someofthesewordsaresurprising，and（4）C whatwe'vebeentaughttobelieve．Forexample，inastudyofconversationsbetweendoctorsandpatients，evidenceshowedthatdoctorswho（5）D optionsratherthanrecommendedbestsolutions，gotabetterresponse，despitethesuggestionfromhospitalguidelinestotalkaboutthebestinterestsofthepatient．But，fromconversationexpertssuchasStoketoFBInegotiatorsandcommunicationcoaches，we'relearningwhichwordsarelikelyto（6）A orpersuadeus．Stokefoundthatpeoplewhohadalreadyresponded（7）C whenaskediftheywouldliketoattendmediationseemedtochangetheirmindswhenthemediatorused thephrase．"Wouldyoubewillingtocomeforameeting？""Assoonastheword‘willing'wasused，peoplewouldsay：‘Oh，yes，definitely'﹣theywouldactually（8）D thesentencetoagree．"Stokefoundithadthesameeffectindifferentsettings：withbusiness﹣to﹣businesscoldcallers；withdoctorstryingto（9）A peopletogotoaweight﹣lossclass．Shealsolookedatphrasessuchas"Wouldyouliketo"and"Wouldyoubeinterestedin"．"Sometimesthey（10）B，but ‘willing'wastheonethatgotpeopletoagreemorerapidlyandwithmoreenthusiasm．""'Hello'isareallyimportantwordthatcanchangethe（11）B ofaconversation，"Stokesays．"It'sabouthowyourespondtopeoplewhoarewhatwecall‘firstmovers'﹣peoplewhosaysomethingreally（12）C，""Itmightbetheworkcolleagueswhoareextremelyangrytoyourdeskwithacomplaintortheneighbor who（13）D rudewordsaboutparkingasyou'reputtingoutthebins．""Whatdoyoudowiththatperson？Ratherthanrespondinthesamemanner，sayingsomethingnice，suchasaverybright‘Hello!'，socializesthatotherpersonalittlebit．"Useitwhenyouwanttoresistgettingintoa（14）A．"Youhavetobecarefulnottosoundtoopassive﹣aggressive，"Stokesays，"butjustonefriendlywordinabrighttonecandeletethe（15）A oftheconversation．"（1）A．suggest B．realize C．imply D．emphasize（2）A．analyzed B．addressed C．simplified D．discovered（3）A．instructions B．revolutions C．associations D．negotiations （4）A．getinto B．turnaway C．goagainst D．insiston（5）A．pointed B．inspired C．motivated D．listed（6）A．comfort B．defend C．support D．protect（7）A．actively B．positively C．negatively D．passively（8）A．finish B．reject C．refuse D．interrupt（9）A．persuade B．stimulate C．force D．tempt（10）A．interacted B．worked C．responded D．initiated（11）A．approach B．course C．evolution D．pattern（12）A．impractical B．unimaginative C．critical D．illogical（13）A．keepsback B．answersfor C．agreeson D．launchesinto （14）A．conflict B．disaster C．strike D．damage（15）A．challenge B．debate C．worry D．silence【考点】M2：社会文化．。
2019届上海市各区高三英语一模试卷题型分类专题汇编--选词填空--老师版(纯净word带答案已校对终结版)
Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Overcoming Obstacles: How Your Biggest Failure Can Lead to Your Success There’s been a lot written on the theme of failure and how essential it is to success. In a world where ___31___ is given for people’s accomplishments, failing feels dangerous. The fear of failure can stop people taking risks that might lead to success.Heidi Grant Halvorson, a psychologist, points out much of success is ___32___ not on talent but on learning from your mistakes.About half of the people in the world hold that ability in an area --- be it creative or social skill --- is natural. The other half believes, instead, that someone might have a preference or something --- say painting or speaking foreign languages --- but this ability can be improved through ___33___ practice or training.It’s almost impossible to think rationally (理性地) while shouting at yourself, “I’m a failure”. But when you ___34___ your thinking, you will probably see what you can control --- your behavior, your planning, your reactions --- and change them.The primary ___35___ between successful people and unsuccessful people is that the successful people fail more. If you see failure as a monster approaching you, take another look.Success is as scary as failure. Researchers report that satisfaction grows on challenges. Think about it --- a computer game you can always win is boring; one you can win ___36___, and with considerable effort, is fun. In pursuit of success, failure exposes areas that you need to ___37___. So the failure serves as a brick wall to test how you apply yourself to ___38___ your objectives and how much you want them.There is a way to distinguish whether a failure ___39___ you to double down or walk away, says Halvorson. If, when things get rough, you remain fascinated by your goal, you should keep going. If what you’re doing is costing you too much time and energy or it’s not bringing you joy,you should give a second thought to the ___40___ of your goal and even set a new one.Keys: 31-35 DEAHB 36-40 FCIJGSection BDirections：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The NileThe ancient Greek writer Herodotus once described Egypt-with some envy-as‘the gift of the Nile’. The Egyptians depend on the river for food, for water and for life. The Ancient Egyptians were able to control and use the Nile, creating the earliest irrigation systems and developing a prosperous ___31___.Snaking through the deserts, the Nile would flood almost ___32___ each year in June. Once the water subsided, a rich deposit of sand was left behind, making an excellent topsoil. Seeds were sown, yielding wheat, barley, beans, lentils and leeks. Drought could spell disaster for the Egyptians, so during the dry seasons, they dug basins and channels to deliver water to their land. They also devised simple channels to transfer water at the peak of the flood.An early system of ___33___ a Nilometer, was used to determine the size of the floods. Later, during the New Kingdom, a lifting system called a shaduf was used to raise water from the river--___34___ to the way in which a well is used today.The Egyptians took up some of the earliest trading missions. Without a(n) ___35___ system they exchanged goods, bringing back timber, precious stones, pottery, spices and animals. Their efforts in medicine were also ___36___ advanced: surgeons performed operations to remove cysts(囊肿). Mummification gave them great understanding of the human body-yet they also relied heavily on various medicines to prevent disease, and discoveries were often confused with superstition(迷信). And while a great deal of time was dedicated to ___37___ the Egyptians thought the stars were gods.By the 16th century Egypt was under the Ottoman Empire until Britain seized control in 1882. What is now mostly Arabic Egypt only won ___38___ from Britain after World War II. The Suez Canal, opened in 1869, __________the country as a center for world transportation. But it, and the completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1971 ___40___ the ecology of the Nile, which now struggles to satisfy the country’s rapidly growing population, currently more than 76 million-the largest in the Arab world.Keys: 31-35 GJABD 36-40 CEIHFSection BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Workforce of the FutureThe workplace is changing rapidly. Rather than the standard working day of nine to five, employees are working more flexibly to meet their busy home lives. Advances in technology are ___31___ the very nature of the tasks and skills required in the workplace.To gain a full perspective of how the workplace is set to change over the next decade, employee benefits provider Unum UK ___32___ with The Future Laboratory to survey 3,000 workers across several industries. They also interviewed industry experts and business leaders on topics from artificial intelligence and robotics to the increase of flexible working and an ageing workforce.The resulting outlines some of the employment changes that businesses can expect to see over the next decade and predicts the ___33___ of two worker cultures which will dominate the workforce. They are the obligated and the self-fulfilled worker.“O bligated workers” refer to people with dependents and the sandwich generation, ___34___ raising children with caring for elderly parents. Therefore, they value a career ___35___ to lifestages and events and financial security. Joel Defries, 33, father of one kid and partner at London Vodka said, “A flexible employer will allow me to have a long paternity leave(陪产假) and to value my family just as much as I value my job.”Self-fulfilled workers are committed to life-long learning and acquiring new skills rather than ___36___ to an employer. They actively look for personal development and want employee benefits that help them ___37___ both their personal and professional ambitions. They treat personal commitments and pursuits as ___38___ to professional commitments. Elly Kemp, 31, ___39___ a full-time employee, now working part-time in a cafe and also assisting with her grandmother’s care said, “My approach to work allows me the freedom to ___40___ my career at my own pace. I want my work to be fluid so I can change it when I want and to whatever makes me happy at the time.”Keys: 31-35 GABIE 36-40 KFJCDSection BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Aurora(极光):wonders or disturbancesCanada，February 2017: I stood in the snow on a frozen lake, watching as the sky twisted in front of me. Green bands of light ____31____ out in the darkness. Slowly the colors twisted and broke and reappeared elsewhere until, suddenly, a whole band flowed and pulsed across the sky, ____32____ with delicate yellow. pinks and purples. It was as dramatic as thunderstorm, yet calm.Gentle,yet ____33____, Most of all,it was a gift.This was my fifth aurora trip and the first time I had seen fast movements and bright colors.The calm green auroral displays that many people see are driven by a(n)_____34_____ stream of particles(微粒) from called the solar wind. But when the sun throws us extra hot fast particles, thisprocess goes overdrive-we get much more movement and colour, It is glorious! Aurora-spotters long for it.But for some, the wild movements of the heavens can have serious ____35____ Satellites’electronics are affected or damaged by incoming fast particles, ____36____ industries that rely on them. Flights may need to change course to avoid radio ____37____ around the poles, or to protect aircrew from enhanced radiation exposure. During a solar storm, aircrew may receive their annual radiation limit over a single flight.Stormy space weather affects us on the ground, too. A larger storm in 1989 caused a 10-hour electrical blackout over Canada's Quebec Province, costing the economy a(n) ____38____ C$10 billion. Disturbance of the atmosphere causes problems with radio broadcast and GPS. In September 2017,a huge solar fame ______39_____ just as Hurricane Fran hit the Caribbean. The resultant HF radio blackout held up the emergency response, Meanwhile, beautiful aurora displays were seen in England. Place its beauty aside, then, and the auroral ___40___is nothing other than a giant planetary disturbance, more of a worry than a wonder for some people. Yet seldom do such disturbances have such fascinating side effects as that of the aurora dancing across our Arctic skies.Keys: 31-35 JBAED 36-40 KCFGISection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The human body can tolerate only a small range of temperature, especially when the person is engaged in vigorous activity. Heat (31) _______ usually occur when large amounts of water and/or salt are lost through oversweating following exhausting exercise. When the body becomes overheated and cannot (32) _______ this overheatedness, heat exhaustion and heat stroke are possible.Heat exhaustion is generally (33) _______ by sweaty skin, tiredness, sickness, dizziness, plentiful sweating, and sometimes fainting, resulting from a(n) (34) _______ intake of water and the loss of fluids. First aid treatment for this condition includes having the victim lie down, (35) _______ the feet 8 to 12 inches, applying cool, wet cloths to the skin, and giving the victim sips of salt water (1 teaspoon per glass, half a glass every 15 minutes) over a 1-hour period.Heat stroke is much more serious; it is a(n) (36) _______ life-threatening situation. The characteristics of heat stroke are a high body temperature (which may reach 106° F or more); a rapid pulse; hot, dry skin; and a blocked sweating (37) _______. Victims of this condition may be unconscious, and first-aid measures should be (38) _______ at quickly cooling the body. The victim should be placed in a tub of cold water or (39) _______ sponged with cool water until his or her temperature is sufficiently lowered. Fans or air conditioners will also help with the cooling (40) _______. Care should be taken, however, not to over-chill the victim once the temperature is below 102° F.Keys: 31-35 FHIAG 36-40 JKEBCSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.They’re till kids, and although there’s a lot that the experts don’t yet know about them, one thing they do agree on is that what the kids use and expect from their world has changed rapidly. And it’s all because of technology.To the psychologists, sociologists, and media experts who study them, their digital devices set this new group ___31___ , even from their Millennial(千禧年的) elders, who are quite familiar with technology. They want to be constantly connected and available in a way even their older brothers and sisters don’t quite get. These differences may appear slight, but they ___32___ the appearance of a new generation.The ___33___ between Millennial elders and this younger group was so evident to psychologist Larry Rosen that he has ___34___the birth of a new generation in a new book, Rewired: Understanding the ingeneration and the Way They Learn, out next month. Rosen says the technically ___35___ life experience of those born since the early 1990s is so different from the Millennial elders he wrote about in his 2007 book, Me, MySpace and I: Parenting the Net Generation, that they distinguish themselves as a new generation, which he has given them the nickname of “ingeneration”.Rosen says portability is key. They are ___36___ from their wireless devices, which allow them to text as well as talk, so they can be constantly connected-even in class, where cell phones are ___37___ banned.Many researchers are trying to determine whether technology somehow causes the brains of young people to be wired differently. “They should be distracted and should perform more poorly than they do,” Rosen says. “But findings show teens ___38___ distractions much better than we would predict by their age and their brain development.”Because these kids are more devoted to technology at younger ages, Rosen says, the educational system has to change ___39___."The growth on the use of technology with children is rapid, and we run the risk of being out of step with this generation as far as how they learn and how they think, we have to give them options because they want their world ___40___.” Rosen says.Keys: 31-35 JEHAG 36-40 KIBFCSection BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Welcome to Windsor CastleWindsor Castle is the oldest and largest occupied castle in the world and the Official Residence of the Queen of Britain. Over a period of nearly 1,000 years it has been ___31___ continuously, and altered and redecorated by monarchs(君主)one after the other. Some were great builders, strengthening the Castle against ___32___ and rebellion; others, living in more peaceful times, created a grand Royal residence. William the Conqueror chose the site, high above the river Thames and on the edge of a Saxon hunting ground. It was a day’s march from the Tower of London and intended to guard the western ___33___ to the capital. The outer walls of today’s structure are in the same position as those of the ___34___ castle built by William the Conqueror in the 1070s.The Queen uses the Castle both as a private home, where she usually spends the weekend, and as a Royal residence at which she undertakes certain formal duties. Windsor Castle is ___35___ used by the Queen to host State Visits from overseas monarchs and presidents. Every year the Queen takes up official residence in Windsor Castle for a month over Easter (March-April).The Castle is huge, so people tend to head for the most ___36___ bits---the State Apartments, St. George’s Chapel, the Gallery and the delightful Queen Mary’s Dolls House. Works of art, antique furniture, curiosities and impressive architecture reflect the tastes of many different royal generations. The State Apartments are ___37___ decorated formal rooms still used for state and official functions.The magnificent and beautiful St. George’s Chapel was started in 1475 by Edward IV and was completed 50 years later by Henry VIII. It ___38___ among the finest examples of late medieval architecture in the UK.The Drawings Gallery ___39___ the exhibition “The Queen: 60 Photographs for 60 Years”. The exhibition presents portraits of the Queen ___40___ in brief moments on both official occasions and at relaxed family gatherings.Keys: 31-35 IAHBC 36-40 DFKEGSection BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Artificial skin is a substitute for human skin produced in the laboratory, typically used to treat burns. Different types of artificial skin differ in their complexity, but all are designed to ___31___ at least some of the skin's basic functions, which include protecting against wetness and infection and regulating body heat.Skin is primarily made of two layers: the uppermost layer, the epidermis, which serves as a protection against the environment; and the dermis, the layer below the epidermis. The dermis also contains substances, which help to make the skin ___32___ and maintain its biological functions.Artificial skins close wounds, which prevents bacterial infection and water loss and in result the wounded skin can ___33___. For example, one commonly used artificial skin, Integra. functions as a support between cells that helps regulate cell behavior and causes a new dermis to form by promoting cell growth and collagen(股原质) ___34___. The Integra “dermis” is also biodegradable(可生物降解的). It is gradually absorbed and replaced by the new dermis.Aside from its uses in the clinical35, artificial skin may also be used to model human skin for research. For example, artificial skin is used as an alternative in animal testing. Such testing may cause ___36___ pain and discomfort to the animals and it does not ___37___ predict the response of human skin. Some companies like L’óreal have already used artificial skin to test many ___38___ ingredients and products. Other research applications include how skin is affected by UV exposure and how certain substances in sunscreen and medicines are transported through skin.Today new technology has been developed by growing ___39 ___ of skin taken from the patient or other humans. One major source is the foreskins of newborns. Such cells often do not stimulate the body’s immune system-a mechanism that allows babies to develop within their mother’s body-and hence are much less likely to be ___40___ by the patient's body.Keys: 31-35 FCEAI 36-40 KJGBDSection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only beused once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Keys: 31-35 IEDCJ 36-40 AGKHFSection BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The Father of JD PrintingAbout twenty years ago, the surgeons at the Wilford Hull medical center working to separate a pair of conjoined(连体的) twins thought that only one would be able to walk after the operation. After a model of the girls’ bone structure was ____31____ using 3D printing, however, they found a shared upper leg bone to be bigger than expected and split it successfully, ____32_____ in both twins being able to walk. Now eighty and still working as chief technology officer of 3D Systems. Chuck Hull is enjoying some minor ____33____ 31 years after he first printed a small black eye-wash cup using a new method of manufacturing known as 3D printing.At the time, he was working for a company that used UV light to put thin layers of plastic coats on tabletops and ____34____. He had an idea that if he could place thousands of thin layers of plastic on top of each other and then cut their shape using light, he would be able to form three dimensional objects. After a year, he ____35____ a system where light was shone into a bottle of photopolymer – a material which changes from liquid to plastic-like solid when light shines on it –and traces the shape of one level of the object. Subsequent layers are then printed until it is ____36_____.After patenting the invention, he set up 3D Systems, ____37____ getting $6m (£3.5m) from a Canadian investor. The first ____38____ product came out in 1988 and proved a hit among car manufacturers, in the aerospace sector and for companies designing medical equipment. The possibilities appear endless – from home-printed food and medicine to ____39____ that pictures of objects be able to be taken in shops and then recreated using plans downloaded from the Internet Although deliberate in his responses, there is one moment when the ____40____ spoken Chuck Hull tells of his surprise about what exactly his creation was capable of achieving.Keys: 31-35 ADCBF 36-40 HGJEKSection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Want to figure out if someone is a psychopath (精神变态者)? Ask them what their favourite song is. A New York University study last year found that people who loved Eminem’s Lose Yourself and Justin Bieber’s What Do You Mean? were more likely to ___31___ highly on the psychopathy scale than people who were into Dire Straits.Over the past few years, Spotify has been enhancing its data analytic ___32___ in an attempt to help marketers ___33___ consumers with adverts tailored to the mood they’re in. They infer this from the sort of music you’re listening to, ___34___with where and when you’re listening to it, along with third-party data that might be available.Now, to be clear, there’s nothi ng particularly ___35___ about what Spotify is doing with your data. I certainly don’t think that they are working with shadowy consulting firms to serve you ads promoting a culture war while you’re listening to the songs that ___36___ you might be in a casually racist mood. Nevertheless, I find it ___37___ that our personal private moments with music are increasingly being turned into data points and sold to advertisers.You can see where this could go, can’t you? As ad targeting gets ever more complicated, marketers will have the ability to target our emotions in ___38___ exploitative ways. According to one study, titled Misery Is Not Miserly, you are more likely to spend more on a ___39___ if you’re feeling sad. You can imagine some companies might take a dvantage of that. And on that note, I’m feeling a little down about all this. I’ll ___40___ off to treat myself to something expensive.Keys: 31-35 IHFAK 36-40 GDJECSection BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The ability of the herd mentality(从众心理) to increase people’s chances of liking or believing something may help explain a wide variety of phenomena. Aral (A managerial economist at the Massachusetts institute of technology) says, from housing ____31____ to gold prices and from political polls to restaurant reviews, the ____32____ that other people like something has a powerful ability to make people like it themselves.The new study ____33____ how simple it would be for companies to control reviews of their products by simply adding a few positive ____34____ of their own early reviews in the process, Aral adds.It found that effects were strongest when stories were about politics, business and cultures than for fun or lifestyle pieces. In situations where there are more ____35____ news reviews, you have to be a little more cautious about interpreting likes and dislikes.“Think twice before you trust, how many likes something has,” he adds. “That’s something you have to ____36____ with a grain of salt (持怀疑态度).” And it’s a situation many online users ____37____ on a daily basis.Aral recently went on Yelp website to review a restaurant with a plan to give it three out of five stars, but when he got to the ____38____, he was shown how other people describe the same place and those reviews include someone with five stars. Seeing those positive reviews made him think twice about his own ____39____ average opinion.“A woman ____40____ how great it is, how great her great prices are and how the lemon sauce is so great,” he says. “Maybe it’s not such a goo d idea to say some rating right before you make your own.”Keys: 31-35 GFIDC 36-40 ABKEJSection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Dealing with Difficult RelationshipsEveryone has at least one awkward or ____31____ relationship. It may be with somebody who will ____32____ your energy whenever you are with them. Or worse, it could be someone who always cuts you down. This person may be a family member or even a friend. No matter who it is, it’s nece ssary that you learn to set boundaries for yourself. Otherwise this kind of relationship can chip away at your self-esteem.Setting boundaries for difficult relationships starts by ____33____ how you are affected by the relationship. Do they bring you clos er to your goals or pull you farther away? For example, it’s time to study for tomorrow’s test. But your friend wants to take you to a party. Here, setting boundaries will help protect your ____34____ goals.Next, decide how much time you should spend with these people. It’s easy to overcommit yourself. But it’s difficult to help others if you forget to protect your own ____35____.How do you know if a relationship is unhealthy, and it’s time to set boundaries? Here are a few practical questions to ask yourself.1. How does this relationship affect me?Every ____36____ can affect you positively or negatively. For example, someone whopressures you to something you’re not comfortable doing will ____37____ you out. But a friend who considers how you feel will respect your ____38____ to try something new.2. Why am I in this relationship in the first place?People may try to keep you in an unhealthy relationship. By ____39____ you it’s your obligation or duty, you forget about your own needs. Sadly, by remaining ____40____ to these people, you forget who you are. You allow them to take advantage of you or even belittle you.Settling boundaries requires taking a long, honest look at yourself. By saying “no” to harmful patterns in relationships, you say “yes” to a healthier you.Keys: 31-35 JHEGC 36-40 FIAKBSection BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Is climate change consuming your favorite foods?Coffee: Whether or not you try to limit yourself to one cup of coffee a day, the effects of climate change on the world’s coffee-growing regions may leave you little choice. Coffee plantations in South America, Africa, Asia and Hawaii are all being threatened by rising air temperatures and unstable rainfall patterns, which invite disease and ____32____ species to live on the coffee plant and ripening beans. The result? Significant cuts in coffee yield and less coffee in your cup. It is estimated that, if current climate patterns continue, half of the areas ____33____ suitable for coffee production won't be by the year 2050.Tea: When it comes to tea, warmer climates and erratic precipitation aren’t only ____34____ the world’s tea-growing regions, they’re also messing with its distinct flavor. For example, in India, researchers have already discovered that the Indian Monsoon has brought more intense rainfall, making tea flavor weaker. Recent research coming out of the University of Southampton suggests that tea-producing areas in some places, ____35____ East Africa, could decline by as much as 55 percent by 2050 as precipitation and temperatures change. Tea pickers are also feeling the ____36____ of climate change. During harvest season, increased air temperatures are creating an increased risk of heatstroke for field workers.Seafood: Climate change is affecting the world's aquaculture as much as its agriculture. As air temperatures rise, oceans and waterways absorb some of the heat and ____37____ warming of their own. The result is a decline in fish population, including in lobsters (who are cold-blooded creatures), and salmon (whose eggs find it hard to survive in higher water temps). Warmer waters also _____38_____ toxic marine bacteria, like Vibrio, to grow and cause illness in humans whenever ingested with raw seafood, like oysters or sashimi.And that ____39_____ “crack” you get when eating crab and lobster? It could be silenced as shellfish struggle to build their calcium(碳) carbonate shells, a result of ocean acidification(absorb carbon dioxide from the air). According to a study, scientists predicted that if over-fishing and rising temperature trends continued at their present rate, the world's seafood ____40___ would run out by the year 2050.Keys: 31-35 DJCAI 36-40 KBGEHSection BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Getting help with parenting makes a difference -- at any age New Oxford University study finds that parenting interventions(育儿干预) for helping children with behavior problems are just as effective in school age, as in younger children.There is a dominant view among scientists and policy-makers. They believes, for the greatest effect, interventions need to be ___31___ early in life, when children’s brain function and behavior are thought to be more flexible. However, according to the new research, it’s time to stop focusing on when we intervene with parenting, and just continue helping children in need of all ages.Just published in Child Development, the study is one of the first to ___32___ this age assumption. Parenting interventions are a common and effective tool for reducing child behavior problems, but studies of age effects have produced different results until now.A team led by Professor Frances Fardner ___33___ data from over 15,000 families from all over the world, and found no evidence that earlier is better. Older children benefited just as much as younger ones from parenting interventions for reducing behavior problems. There was no evidence that earlier interventions are more powerful. This was based on ___34___ data from more than 150 different experiments.What’s more, their economic analysis found that interventions with older children were。
2019年上海高三英语一模 普陀区 听力原文
2019年上海高三英语一模普陀区听力原文2019 Shanghai Senior High School English Listening Test PaperPuTuo DistrictTest 1Listen to the conversation and choose the correct answer (A, B, or C).1. What time is the concert?A. At 7:30.B. At 8:00.C. At 8:30.2. What does the man want to do?A. Buy a ticket.B. Cancel a ticket.C. Reschedule a ticket.3. How much does the man pay?A. 35 yuan.B. 40 yuan.C. 45 yuan.Test 2Listen to the conversation and choose the correct answer (A, B, or C).4. Who is Mr. White?A. A teacher.B. A doctor.C. A musician.5. How does the woman know Mr. White?A. They met on the street.B. They work together.C. They live in the same building.6. What is Mr. White's job?A. Teaching music.B. Giving medical exams.C. Playing sports.Test 3Listen to the conversation and choose the correct answer (A, B, or C).7. What is the man’s job?A. A chef.B. A taxi driver.C. A waiter.8. What kind of restaurant should the woman go to?A. Chinese.B. Italian.C. French.9. What will the woman do next?A. Walk to the restaurant.B. Take a taxi to a different restaurant.C. Call a friend for more suggestions.Test 4Listen to the conversation and choose the correct answer (A, B, or C).10. What is the man doing?A. Making a phone call.B. Typing on a computer.C. Reading a book.11. Why does the man have to leave?A. He has an appointment.B. He is running late.C. He needs to catch a bus.12. When will the man come back?A. At 2:00.B. At 3:00.C. At 4:00.Test 5Listen to the conversation and choose the correct answer (A, B, or C).13. What is the woman’s problem?A. She can’t find her phone.B. She needs help with her computer.C. She wants to buy a new phone.14. What does the man suggest the woman do?A. Check the kitchen.B. Look in her purse.C. Call her friend.15. Where does the woman find her phone?A. In the living room.B. In the bedroom.C. In the bathroom.Test 6Listen to the conversation and choose the correct answer (A, B, or C).16. What is the woman’s problem?A. She lost her wallet.B. She can’t find her keys.C. She left her bag at a friend’s house.17. What does the man suggest the woman do?A. Check her pockets again.B. Call her friend.C. Go back to her friend’s house.18. Where does the woman find her keys?A. In her purse.B. In the car.C. In the bathroom.Test 7Listen to the conversation and choose the correct answer (A, B, or C).19. Where is the woman standing?A. In the middle of the sidewalk.B. In the park.C. In line for ice cream.20. What is the woman doing?A. Looking at her phone.B. Eating ice cream.C. Talking on the phone.21. What will the woman do next?A. Go to a coffee shop.B. Walk to the park.C. Meet her friend at the ice cream shop.Test 8Listen to the conversation and choose the correct answer (A, B, or C).22. What did the man forget?A. To buy tickets.B. To pick up his friend.C. To book a table.23. What does the woman suggest they do?A. Go to the cinema.B. Find a restaurant.C. Go to the museum.24. What will the woman do while the man goes back to pick up his friend?A. Wait outside the restaurant.B. Order food for three people.C. Call the friend to come to the restaurant.Test 9Listen to the conversation and choose the correct answer (A, B, or C).25. Why is the woman late?A. She missed the bus.B. She got stuck in traffic.C. She overslept.26. What is the man concerned about?A. The woman’s safety.B. Missing the start of the meeting.C. Finding a place to eat.27. What does the man suggest they do next?A. Grab a quick breakfast.B. Call a taxi.C. Walk to the meeting place.Test 10Listen to the conversation and choose the correct answer (A, B, or C).28. How does the woman feel now?A. Nervous.B. Excited.C. Angry.29. What is the woman worried about?A. Passing the test.B. Missing the deadline for the project.C. Getting a promotion.30. What does the man suggest the woman do?A. Wait for more information.B. Work on the project immediately.C. Talk to her boss about the promotion.This is the end of the listening test. Thank you for listening.。
2019-2020学年上海市普陀区江宁学校高三英语第一次联考试卷及答案解析
2019-2020学年上海市普陀区江宁学校高三英语第一次联考试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ALook at Some Greatest BookstoresAnother CountryKreuzberg, Berlin, Germany. Another Country is an English Language second hand bookshop which is mostly used as a library. They have about 20, 000 books that you can buy or borrow. Some regular events are held at the shop, such as readings, cultural events, social evenings and film nights.Atlantis BooksOia, Santorini, Greece. Atlantis Books is an independent bookshop on the island of Santorini, Greece. It was founded in 2004 by a group of friends from Cyprus, England, and the United States. Throughout the year it has hosted literary festivals, film screenings, book readings, and good old fashioned dance parties.Bart’s BooksOjai, California. U. S. A. “The World’s Greatest Outdoor Bookstore”, a bookstore founded by Richard Bartinsdale in 1964. Shelves of books face the street, and regular customers are asked to drop coins into the door’s coin box to pay for any books they take whenever the store is closed.Adrian Harringtonsince 1971. Rare books: rare first editions; leather bound sets and general antiquarian(古玩).Address: 64a Kensington Church Street, Kensington, London, England, UK.Corso Como BookshopMilan, Italy. Extensive selection of publication on art architecture, design graphics and fashion, along with a strong emphasis on photography. It was founded in 1990 in Milan, Italy, by Carla Sozzamil.The BookwormChina. A bookshop, library, bar, restaurant and event space, now with four divisions in three cities — Beijing, Suzhou and Chengdu. The interconnecting rooms with floor-to-ceiling books on every wall are light and airy in summer, yet warm and comfortable in winter.1.What can you do in Atlantis Books?A.Enjoy rare books.B.Attend a festival.C.Learn photography.D.Buy books anytime.2.Which bookstore has the longest history?A.Adrian Harrington.B.Atlantis Books.C.Bart’s Books.D.Corso Como Bookshop.3.How is The Bookworm different from the others?A.It is used as a library.B.It focuses on photography.C.It hosts all sorts of activities.D.It has branches in different cities.BThefirst thing we notice about new people are their faces. The next time we see these people, we remember them because we remember their faces. This seems like a simple process. However, scientists found that it is not such a simple process. The section of the brain that is responsible for face recognition seems to work differently for different people. Some people have great difficulty remembering and recognizing faces, while others almost never forget a face.Normal babies are born with a natural ability to recognize faces. In fact, their face recognition abilities are much better than their parents. Babies are most highly skilled at face recognition at six months. But by nine months, they lose this skill. By nine months, a baby’s face-recognition skills are about the same as an adult’s.Unfortunately, some people are not born with this ability to recognize faces. The part of the brain that is responsible for face recognition doesn’t work for them. This condition is called face blindness. People with very severe face blindness cannot even recognize their own faces. In fact, people with this condition can sometimes be frightened when they look in the mirror. They don’t recognize their own face, so for a second they are startled when they see this unfamiliar face.Face blindness is not always severe. Scientists believe up to 10 percent of the population may be affected by face blindness to some degree, yet many people with mild face blindness might not even know they have it. They have no reason to know they are different from anyone else until someone points it out. This is similar to people with color1 blindness. Colorblind people can’t see the difference between certain color1 s such as red and green, until someone tells them that green and red are two different color1 s.There is no cure for face blindness. So for the time being, people with face blindness need to find simple techniques to compensate for their problem. They can try to recognize people by their hairstyle, their voice, or their glasses. Hopefully, in the future as scientists learn more about this condition, they may find a cure.4. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. The way to improve one’s face-recognition skills.B. The simple process of the brain to recognize others’ faces.C. The fact that some people have face-recognition problems.D. The importance of face recognition in human communication.5. When do children have the best face-recognition skills?A. At birth.B. Half a year old.C. Nine months old.D. In adolescence.6. What does the underlined word “startled” in the 3rd paragraph probably mean?A. Depressed.B. Confused.C. Embarrassed.D. Surprised.7. What does the author think of the problem of face blindness?A. People need to take it seriously.B. Certain techniques can make up for it.C. It will be cured in the near future.D. It has the same effect with color1 blindness.CJapan's prime minister encouraged the decision to ban viewers, even family members, by issuing a state of emergency order in Tokyo earlier this month in response to rising COVID-19 case numbers.From the perspective of sports psychologists, an Olympics without fans is a real-life science experiment that is helping researchers and clinicians to comb through the true impact of a crowd of fans on its players—and on viewers at home. The strange circumstances under which the games are held may place unexpected pressure on some athletes. On Tuesday, superstar gymnast Simone Biles dropped out of the women's team event, telling teammates and reporters she wasn't in the right “headspace” to compete. “It's been really stressful this Olympic Games. There are a lot of different variables going into it,” Biles told the Washington Post.The 2020 Summer Olympics bears similarities and differences to other major sporting events without viewers. The English Premier League supplemented (增加) game broadcasts with crowd noise from the soccer video game FIFA 20, mixed with game audio in real time. A Taiwanese baseball team and German soccer team began populating stands with cardboard cutouts of fans, and the trend caught on internationally.Jamey Houle, the lead sports psychologist for Ohio State University Athletics and a former Al-Americangymnast, says competitive athletes are trained in visualization— imagining performing a certain action or motion, such as doing a roundoff back handspring in gymnastics. Without moving a muscle, players using visualization can solidify neural (神经的) connections and activate their motor cortex (皮层). To visualize most effectively, Houle says, athletes working with sports psychologists will try to simulate as closely as possible the conditions of actual gameplay. Empty stadiums may thus have a measurable impact on players' performance. This phenomenon is grounded in a psychological concept called “social facilitation”, referring to a change in a person's performance that occurs when others are around compared to when a person is alone.8. What caused Biles to drop out of the women's team event?A. The poor physical condition.B. The absence of the audience.C. The fiercely competitive event.D. The influence of crowds of fans.9. What can be inferred from Paragraph 3?A. The Taiwanese baseball team is a success.B. The tendency mentioned is popular among some sporting events.C. The 2020 Summer Olympics is stricter in preventing the pandemic.D. The crowd noise plays a leading role in the English Premier League.10. How does Houle explain the impact of empty stadiums on players' performance?A. By doing a roundoff back handspring.B. By simulating the conditions of actual gameplay.C. By using the concept called social facilitation.D. By changing the viewers of a player.11. What message does the author mainly convey in the text?A. Athletes should be trained in visualization.B. Audience should be admitted to the Olympics.C. Social facilitation is helpful to sporting events.D. Viewers present may influence players' performance.DAlthough computer technology is often necessary today, using a pen or pencil activates more areas of your brain than a keyboard does. You can potentially remember more by handwriting, according to a new study.The potential benefits of handwriting for memory have been debated for some time. The new study set out to answer one question: How does handwriting compare to using a keyboard when it comes to remembering new information?In all,24 participants took part. Researchers asked each of them to write with a pen and then each was also asked to type on a keyboard. While performing these tasks, each volunteer wore a cap that held electrodes next totheir head. It looked somewhat like a hair net fitted with 256 sensors. Those sensors recorded the participants' brainwaves. The electrodes noted which parts of the brain turned on during each task. And they showed that writing turned on memory areas in the brain while typing didn't.Audrey van der Meer, the new study's leader, says this suggests that when we write by hand, we remember better. “This is because writing involves complex movements that activate more areas of the brain. The increased brain activity gives the brain more ‘hooks’ to hang your memories on,” she explains. Van der Meer also points out that writing by hand is related to visual notetaking. “Rather than typing blindly, the visual notetaker has to think about what is important to write down. Then, key words can be interlinked by boxes, arrows and small drawings,” she adds.This study does not recommend banning digital devices. In fact, its authors point out, computers and other devices with keyboards have become necessary in modern society. Keyboarding can especially benefit those with certain special needs (such as if they have trouble using their hands) and typing beats writing when it comes to speed, they add.12. Why were participants asked to wear caps in the study?A. To record their brainwavesB. To inform them of their tasksC. To allow them to focus on writingD. To protect their heads like hair nets13. What does Audrey van der Meer try to explain?A. Why handwriting is more complex than typingB. Why the brain works when it comes to learningC. Why handwriting helps remember informationD. Why key words are helpful to visual notetaking14. What is the study's authors' view on typing?A. It relieves people's handsB. It remains vital and helpfulC. It is not worth recommendingD. It is more challenging than writing15. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text?A. How Can You Remember New Information?B. Handwriting Benefits Health in the LongRunC. Should Typing Take the Place of Handwriting?D. Handwriting Is Better for Memory Than Typing第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2019-2020学年上海市普陀区沙田学校高三英语一模试卷及参考答案
2019-2020学年上海市普陀区沙田学校高三英语一模试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AIn his 402nd anniversary year, Shakespeare is still rightly celebrated as a great language master and writer. But he was not the only great master of play writing to die in 1616, and he is certainly not the only writer to have left a lasting influence on theater.While less known worldwide, Tang Xianzu is considered one of Chinas greatest playwrights and is highly spoken of in that country of ancient literary and dramatic traditions.Tang was born in 1550 inLinchuan,Jiangxiprovince. Unlike Shakespeare's large body of plays,poems and sonnets (十四行诗), Tang wrote only four major plays: The Purple Hairpin, Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》), A Dream under the Southern bough, and Dream of Handan. The latter three were constructed around a dream narrative, a way through which Tang unlocked the emotional dimension of human desires and ambitions and explored human nature beyond the social and political limits of that time.Similar to Shakespeare, Tang's success rode the wave of a renaissance (复兴) in theater as an artistic practice. As in Shakespeare'sEngland, Tang's works became hugely popular inChinatoo. During Tang'sChina, his plays were enjoyed performed, and changed. Kunqu Opera, a form of musical drama, spread from southernChinato the whole nation and became a symbol of Chinese culture. Combining northern tune and southern music, kunqu Opera was known for its poetic language, music, dance movements and gestures. Tang's works benefited greatly from the popularity of kunqu Opera, and his plays are considered classics of kunqu Opera.While Tang and Shakespeare lived in a world away from each other, there are many things they share in common, such e humanity of their drama, their heroic figures, their love for poetic language, a lasting popularity and the anniversary during which we still celebrate them.1. Why is Shakespeare mentioned in the first paragraph?A. To describe Shakespeare's anniversary.B. To introduce the existence of Tang Xianzu.C. To explain the importance of Shakespeare.D. To suggest the less popularity of Tang Xianzu.2. What's possibly one of the main theme of Tang's works?A. Social reality.B. Female dreams.C. Human emotions.D. Political environment.3. What does the author mainly tell us in Paragraph 4?A. The influence of Kunqu Opera on Tang's works.B. Tang's success in copying Shakespeare's styles.C. The way Kunqu Opera became a symbol of Chinese culture.D. Tang's popularity for his poetic language and music.BRain is vital to life on Earth. However, rain isn’t just made of water anymore—it’s partly made of plastic.Millions of tiny pieces of plastic, called microplastics, are wandering around Earth’s atmosphere and traveling across entire continents according to a study published in one journal on April 12.Microplastics are plastic particles less than 5 millimeters in diameter and come from a number of sources. Plastic bags and bottles released into the environment break down into smaller and smaller bits. Some microplastics are produced deliberately to provide abrasion(研磨)in products, such as toothpaste and cleansers. Another major source is your washing machine. When you wash clothing, tiny microfibers get washed away with the wastewater. Even though the water is treated by a wastewater plant, the microplastics remain,and they are released into the sea.Plastic rain may remind people of acid rain, but the former is far more widespread and harder to deal with. The tiny particles, too small to be seen with the naked eye, are collected by the wind from the ground. They are so light that they stay in the air to be blown around the globe. As they climb into the atmosphere, they are thought to act as nuclei (核心) around which water vapor (水蒸气) combines to form clouds. Some of the dust falls back to land in dry conditions, while the rest comes down as rain.Microplastics have been found everywhere you can imagine. From fish and frogs to mice and mosquitoes, their bodies have been found on average to contain 40 pieces of microplastic. As the top of the food chain, humans are exposed to microplastics, too. “We live on a ball inside a bubble,” microplastic researcher Steve Allen said. “There are no borders, there are no edges. It rains on the land and then gets blown back up into the air again to move somewhere else. There’s no stopping it once it’s out.”4. What do we know about microplastics?A. They have a diameter of over 5 millimeters.B. They have become a threat to humans.C. They are light and can be easily dealt with.D. They cause acid rain and plastic rain.5. What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?A. Waysto deal with microplastics.B. The wide use of microplastics.C. Where microplastics come from.D. How microplastics pollute water.6. What does Steve Allen want to tell us in the last paragraph?A. No place can be safe from microplastic pollution.B. The atmosphere possesses the ability to self-cleanse.C. Countries should work together to fight pollution.D. Wind causes microplastics to move somewhere else.7. The main purpose of the article is to________.A. call on people to use fewer plastic productsB. warn people of the danger of microplasticsC. introduce the sources and effects of microplasticsD. make a comparison between acid rain and plastic rainCI’ve been putting my passport to good use lately. I use it asa coaster and to level unsteady table legs. It makes an excellent cat toy.Welcome to the pandemic (疫情) of disappointments. Canceled trips or ones never planned in case they would be canceled. Family reunions, study-abroad years, lazy beach vacations. Poof. Gone. Ruined by a tiny virus, the list of countries where our passports are not welcome is long.It is not natural for us to be this sedentary (定居的). Travel is in our genes. For most of the time our species has existed, we've lived as nomadic (游牧的) hunter-gatherers. But what if we can't move? What's a traveler to do? There are ways to answer that question. "Despair," though, is not one of them.We are an adaptive species. We can tolerate brief periods of forced sedentariness. We pass the days glancing through old travel journals and Instagram posts. We gaze at souvenirs. All this helps. For a while. Then, what hope do we have?I think hope lies in the very nature of travel. Travel involves wishful thinking. It demands a leap of faith, and of imagination, to board a plane for some faraway, land. Travel is one of the few activities we engage in not knowing the outcome and are drunk in that uncertainty. Nothing is more forgettable than the trip that goes exactly asplanned.That's one reason why I have faith in travel's future. In fact, I'd argue travel is an essential activity. It's not essential the way hospitals and grocery stores are essential. Travel is essential the way books and hugs are essential. Food for the soul. Right now, we're between courses, enjoying where we've been, expecting where we'll go. Maybe it'sZanzibarand maybe it's the campground down the road that you've always wanted to visit.8. From the first paragraph we learn that the author is _______ .A. desperateB. humorousC. boredD. worried9. From the author's perspective, what's the point of travel?A. To feel hopeful.B. To make a wish.C. To take adventures.D. To broaden horizons.10. How is the passage mainly developed?A. By showing evidences.B. By providing examples.C. By making comparisons.D. By interpreting opinions.11. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. Where to go for a trip.B. Why people need to travel.C. How to fight the pandemic.D. What people should do at home.DSome of my earliest memories involve sitting with my dad in his study every evening when he came home from the office. I’d watch as he put his personal items away: his watch, wallet, comb and car keys would always occupy the same spot on the table every time.Dad’s comb was bought when he married Mum. Every evening, he would smile, hand me the comb and say: “Be a good girl and help Daddy clean it, OK?” I was more than happy to do it. This seems amundanetask, but it brought me such joy at that time. I would excitedly turn the tap on, then brush the comb with a used toothbrush as hard as I could. Satisfied that I’d done a good job, I would proudly return the comb to Dad. He would smile at me, and place the comb on top of his wallet.About two years later, Dad started his own business. I started primary school. That was when things started to change. Dad’s business wasn’t doing so well, and he didn’t come home as much as he used to. Over the years, I stopped waiting for him to come home.Today, I’ve graduated from college and Dad’s business are better now. Yet the uncomfortable silence between Dad and me continued. Two days before my birthday last year, Dad came home early and said to me, “Hey, would you like to help me clean my comb?” I looked at him a while, then took the comb and headed to the sink. It’s a new comb. I hadn’t noticed that he’d changed it. I brushed the comb, and it hit me then: why, as a child, helping my dad clean his comb was such a joy.I passed the clean comb back to Dad. This time, I noticed my day has aged. But his smile is still as heartwarming as before. Dad carefully places his comb on top of his wallet. After so many years, I guess some things never change. And for that, I’m glad.12. As a child, the author helped her dad clean his comb happily because ________.A. she was good at cleaning the combB. she thought that she should do that as a good girlC. her dad was home early to spend the evening with herD. the comb was important for her father and her mother13. Which of the following words can best replace the underlined wordmundanein paragraph two?A. importantB. excitingC. unnecessaryD. uninteresting14. When the author said, “It’s a new comb. I hadn’t noticed that he’d changed it.”, she felt ________.A. disappointedB. impatientC. tiredD. sorry15. What’s the best title of the passage?A. Evenings With Dad.B. How to Clean the Comb.C. My Memory with My Dad.D. I Love My Family Members.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2019-2020学年上海市普陀区沙田学校高三英语第一次联考试卷及答案解析
2019-2020学年上海市普陀区沙田学校高三英语第一次联考试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ABob and Sue Harvey spent nine years as resident fellows in a dormitory at Sanford and in their bookVirtual Reality and The College Freshman, they write “The Freshman oftenfaces an identity problem during the first semester.” College is a more pressured environment than it used to be, in part because the academic gap between high school and college has increased. Many college freshmen have never had to make independent decisions about sex, drugs and alcohol. Most don’t know how to manage their time or money. They often feel lonely and overwhelmed, resulting in anxiety and depression.Nancy Corbin, director of clinical service for student-counseling (咨询) services at Iowa State University, says her office is seeing a significant increase in requests for counseling from freshmen who are having trouble making the adjustment to college life. She says older teenagers increasingly lack the skills to deal with personal problems that aren’t easily defined or fixed. And they get homesick but have a hard time admitting it.Parents and high schools can make things easier on freshmen by preparing them differently. For example, by teaching them to budget their hours and dollars. The Harveys think high schools should offer a college-life course. “Parents need to focus more on relationship and personal issues and less on how many sheets and towels to take,” they say. Many homesick freshmen think they’ll be regarded as failures if they come home before Thanksgiving. So parents can help by letting them know they’re welcome to return if they feel the need. In the meantime, parents have to find new ways to keep in touch with their college kids. One of the best ways is e-mail. It’s less unpleasant and less expensive than constant phone calls and is more likely to be answered than a handwritten letter.1. Why is the first semester difficult for freshmen in college?A. Because they often fail in exams.B. Because they lack time and money.C. Because they are too homesick to make new friends.D. Because they have to settle personal issues on their own.2. In the last paragraph, it is suggested that ________.A. parents should stop buying anything for their kidsB. parents should develop a good relationship with their kidsC. parents should be taught how to send e-mails to their kidsD. parents should work with high schools in college-life courses3. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?A. Hard Life of College FreshmenB. Approaches to Trouble in CollegeC. Freshmen’s Adaptation ProblemsD. A Strange Phenomenon in CollegeBThe first patient who died on my watch was an older man with a faulty heart. We tried to slow it down with treatment, but it suddenly stopped beating completely. Later, whenever I would have a case like that one, I found myself second-guessing my clinical management. However, it turns out that thinking twice may actually cause more harm than good.In a working paper, Emory University researchers found that when doctors delivering a baby have a bad result, they are more likely to switch to a different delivery method with the next patient, often unnecessarily and sometimes with worse results.Because doctors make so many decisions that have serious consequences, thefalloutfrom second-guessing appears especially large for us. A 2006 study found that if a patient had a bleed after being prescribed (开药) warfarin, the physician was about 20% less likely to prescribe later patients the blood thinner that prevents strokes (中风). However, if a patient was not on warfarin and had a stroke physicians were still no more likely to prescribe warfarin to their other patients.These findings highlight interesting behavioral patterns in doctors. In the blood-thinner study, doctors were more affected by the act of doing harm (prescribing a blood thinner that ended up hurting doctors were more affected by the act of doing harm(prescribing a blood thinner that ended up hurting a patient) and less affected by letting harm happen (not prescribing a blood thinner and the patient having a stroke). Yet a stroke is often more permanent and damaging than a bleed.But this phenomenon is not unique to medicine. ''Overreaction to Fearsome Risks'' holds true for broader society.For instance, sensational headlines about shark attacks on humans in Florida in 2001 caused a panic and led the state to prohibit shark-feeding expeditions. Yet shark attacks had actually fallen that year and, according to the study, such a change was probably unnecessary given the extremely small risk of such an attack happening.Humans are likely to be influenced by emotional and often irrational (不理性的) thinking when processing information, bad events and mistakes. As much as we don't want to cause an unfortunate event to happen again, we need to be aware that a worst situation that can be imagined doesn't necessarily mean we did anything wrong. When we overthink, we fail to rely on thinking based on what we know or have experienced. Instead, we may involuntarily overanalyze and come to the wrong conclusion.I have treated dozens of patients who presented with the same illnesses as my first patient, who died more than a year ago. Instead of second-guessing myself, I trusted my clinical instinct (本能) and stayed the course. Every one of those patients survived. You should trust your instinct in your life, too.4. The first two paragraphs suggest that________.A. bad medical outcomes affect doctorsB delivering babies can be difficult workC. some doctors are not very experiencedD. doctors sometimes make silly mistakes5. In the blood-thinner study, doctors________.A. tend to prescribe less effective medicineB. are more concerned about the patients' safetyC. become less confident in writing a prescriptionD. believe a stroke is more treatable than a bleeding6. What does the underlined word ''fallout'' in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. ResultB. BenefitC. DifferenceD. Absence7. The author will probably agree that________.A. we should not doubt our own decisionsB. our experience will pave way for our futureC. humans are emotional and irrational on the wholeD. instincts don't necessarily lead to wrong directionsCDoctors are known to be terrible pilots. They don’t listen because they already know it all, I was lucky: I became a pilot in 1970, almost ten years before I graduated from medical school. I didn’t realize then, but becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon. I loved flying. As 1 flew bigger, faster planes, and in worse weather, I learned about crew resource management (机组资源管理), or CRM, a new idea to make flying safer. It means thatcrew members should listen and speak up for a good result, regardless of positions.I first read about CRM in 1980. Not long after that, an attending doctor and I were flying in bad weather. The controller had us turn too late to get our landing ready. The attending doctor was flying; I was safety pilot. He was so busy because of the bad turn, he had forgotten to put the landing gear (起落架) down. He was a better pilot—and my boss—so it felt unusual to speak up. But I had to: Our lives were in danger. I put aside my uneasiness sand said, we need to put the landing gear down now! That was my first real lesson in the power of CRM, and I’ve used it in the operating room ever since.CRM requires that the pilot/surgeon encourage others to speak up. It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite, the doctor doesn’t overreact, which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again. So when I’m in the operating room, I ask for ideas and help from others. Sometimes they’re not willing to speak up. But I hope that if I continue to encourage them, someday someone will keep me from landing gear up.8. What does the author say about doctors in general?A. They like flying by themselves.B. They are quick learners of CRM.C. They pretend to be good pilots.D. They are unwilling to take advice.9. The author deepened his understanding of the power of CRM when .A. his boss landed the plane too lateB. he was in charge of a flying taskC. he saved the plane by speaking upD. his boss operated on a patient10. In the last paragraph landing gear up probably means .A. following flying requirementsB. making a mistake that may cost livesC. listening to what fellow doctors sayD. overreacting to different opinions11. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. CRM: A New Way to Make Flying SafeB. A Pilot-Turned DoctorC. The Making of a Good PilotD. Flying Makes Me a Better DoctorDDragon boating is a team sport that has its root in ancient China. The boats are decorated with a dragon head and tail. In recent years cancer survivor groups have got involved in the sport to help make friends and help rebuild their lives.On a recent Saturday morning, a group of 20 women were on a boat in the Anacostia River in Washington DC. They moved their paddles(船桨)in rhythm to the call of a coach. The women belong to the dragon boat team GoPink! DC, which trains weekly. It also races against other breast cancer survivor teams in dragon boat festivals. As a result, GoPink! DC won medals in this Washington dragon boat festival.Lydia Collins joined five years ago after finding out she had breast cancer. “I was diagnosed with breast cancer.I was demoralized because of my illness - I lost all interest in life and wouldn't even get out of bed to eat. But now I love the team spirit. I just love everything about it. It is like a floating support group on the water.”The paddles are breast cancer survivors and their supporters. Annette Rothemel helped establish(建立)the group in 2006. She is a researcher with the National Institutes of Health as well as a breast cancer survivor. “It is sort of an easy entry sport because on the same boat people at different levels can be doing the same sport.” But Ms Rothemel saysdragon boating can be physically demanding, especially for someone who is sick and getting treatment for cancer.“It’s hard but I think you have to challenge yourself in life. This is something I look forward to. I get to be out here with my sisters and supporters that understand what I’m going through and help motivate me. So it makes me stronger and it makes me feel better,” another cancer survivor Rhonda Hartzel said.Annette Rothemel says the cancer survivors feel a sense of sisterhood and share good times when they paddle together. She says both feelings are treasured by the team.12. What do the underline wordsdemoralizedIn para.3 probably mean?A. depressedB. anxiousC. astonishedD. awkward13. What can we know about Lydia Collims from the text?A. she helps establish Go Pink !DCB. she tries to find a cure for the cancerC. she benefits from the dragon boat raceD. she gives up hope because of her illness14. How can the dragon boat race help the cancer survivorsA. forget their tough experiencesB. recover physically and mentallyC. get rid of the pains of their cancerD. enjoy their rest life without sufferings15. What does the text tell us about Annette Rothemel?A. she is an expert in studying the cause of the cancerB. she helps the cancer survivors in financial difficultiesC. she believes there is a healthful result from the dragon boat raceD. she thinks it unwise for the patient to join in the dragon boat race第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
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2019 年上海市普陀区高考英语一模试卷I. Listening Comprehension（略）II. Grammar and vocabularySection A 10%1．（ 10 分）The Best Book I've Ever ReadFrankly ， I have read nearly all of the great works of literature，but no book has ever impressed me as deeply or directly （ 1）Joel Stein's Man Made ： A Stupid Quest for Masendinity ．Haven't we all ， on some level， been Jewish boys in New Jersey in （ 2）1970s with only female friends ， an Easy﹣ Bake oven and a strong preference for show tunes？Haven't we all had a panic attack （ 3）learning we're going to have a son ， since that means we're going to have to figure out how to throw footballs， watch other people throw footballs and decide （ 4）to be happy or sad about the results of football throwing ？Haven't we all then tried to correct our lack of maleness by becoming a man， fighting fires with firefighters ，（ 5）（ drive） a Lamborghini and doing three days of Army training camp？ I know I have ．The only parts I didn't fully enjoy were（ 26）in which the author suffered horribly ． After just three hours of training camp， he fainted weakly into the arms of a soldier ． The film rights to Man Made have already been sold to Fox，and I hope it gets（27）（ turn） into a movie with George Clooney playing the Stein role，since they remind me so much of each other ．（8）this is only Stein's first book ， I would already consider him as someone like David Sedaris ， Dave Barry ， James Thurber， Mark Twain and Abraham Lincoln ． I （ 9）（recommend） Man Made not just to all my friends and family but also to strangers onTwitter over and over again ． My one fear is（10）after this great achievement ，Stein will lose his ability to be a cruel critic of our shallow times．II. Grammar and VocabularySection A（10分）Directions：After reading the passage below，fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blankswith a given word ， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word ； for the other blanks， use one word that best fits each blank.2．（ 10 分）A ． generated B． furniture C． fame D ． resulting E． suggestionsF． developed G． eventually H． completed I． fixed J． commercialK ． softlyThe Father of JD PrintingAbout twenty years ago， the surgeons at the Wilford Hull medical center working to separate a pair of conjoined（连体的）twins thought that only one would be able to walk after the operation． After a model of the girls' bone structure was（1）using 3D printing ，however ， they found a shared upper leg bone to be bigger than expected and split it successfully，（ 2）in both twins being able to walk ． Now eighty and still working as chief technology officer of 3D Systems． Chuck Hull is enjoying some minor（3）31 years after he first printed a small black eye ﹣ wash cup using a new method ofmanufacturing known as 3D printing ．At the time ， he was working for a company that used UV light to put thin layers of plastic coats on tabletops and （ 4）．He had an idea that if he could place thousands of thin layers of plastic on top of each other and then cut their shape using light，he would be able to form three dimensional objects ． After a year ， he （5） a system where light was shone into a bottle of photopolymer﹣ a material which changes from liquid to plastic﹣like solid when light shines on it﹣ and traces the shape of one level of the object ． Subsequent layers are then printed until it is（ 6）．After patenting the invention ， he set up 3D Systems，（ 7）getting＄ 6m （￡3.5m） from a Canadian investor ． The first（ 8）product came out in 1988and proved a hit among car manufacturers ， in the aerospace sector and for companies designing medical equipment ．The possibilities appear endless ﹣from home﹣ printed food and medicine to （ 9）that pictures of objects be able to be taken in shops and then recreated using plans downloaded from the Internet Although deliberate in his responses，there is one moment when the（10）spoken Chuck Hull tells of his surprise about what exactly his creation was capable of achieving ．III. Reading ComprehensionSection A （ 15 分）Directions： For each blank in the followingpassage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.3．（ 15 分）Words to Turn a Conversation AroundIt's not what you say， but it's how you say it ﹣ isn't it ？ According to a language expert， we may have this wrong ． "We are pushed and pulled around by language far more than we （ 1），" says Elizabeth Stoke，professor of social interaction at Loughborough University ． Stoke and her colleagues have （ 2）thousands of hours of recorded conversations，from customer services to mediation （调解）hotlines and police crisis （ 3）．They discovered that certain words or phrases have the power to change the course of a conversation ．Some of these words are surprising ， and （ 4）what we've been taught to believe． For example， in a study of conversations between doctors and patients ， evidence showed that doctors who （5）options rather than recommended best solutions ， gota better response， despite the suggestion from hospital guidelines to talk about the bestinterests of the patient ． But ， from conversation experts such as Stoke to FBI negotiators and communication coaches ， we're learning which words are likely to（6）or persuade us．Stoke found that people who had already responded（7）when asked if they would like to attend mediation seemed to change their minds when the mediator used the phrase． "Would you be willing to come for a meeting？" "As soon as the word‘ willing' was used， people would say ：‘ Oh， yes， definitely' ﹣ they would actually（8）the sentence to agree． " Stoke found it had the same effect in different settings：with business﹣to﹣ business cold callers； with doctors trying to （ 9）people to go to a weight ﹣ loss class． She also looked at phrases such as "Would you like to" and "Would you be interested in" ． "Sometimes they （10），but‘willing' was the one that got people to agree more rapidly and with more enthusiasm ．""'Hello' is a really important word that can change the（11）of a conversation ，" Stoke says． "It's about how you respond to people who are what we call‘ first movers'﹣extremely angry to your desk with a complaint or the neighbor who（13）rude words about parking as you're putting out the bins ．" "What do you do with that person ？ Rather than respond in the same manner， saying something nice， such as a very bright ‘ Hello!' ，socializes that other person a little bit ． " Use it when you want to resist getting into a （ 14）． "You have to be careful not to sound too passive ﹣ aggressive，" Stoke says，"but just one friendly word in a bright tone can delete the （ 15）of the conversation ．"（1） A． suggest B． realize C． imply D． emphasize（2） A． analyzed B． addressed C． simplified D． discovered（3） A． instructions B． revolutions C． associations D． negotiations （4） A． get into B． turn away C． go against D． insist on（5） A． pointed B． inspired C． motivated D． listed（6） A． comfort B． defend C． support D． protect（7） A． actively B． positively C． negatively D． passively（8） A． finish B． reject C． refuse D． interrupt（9） A． persuade B． stimulate C． force D． tempt（10） A ． interacted B． worked C． responded D． initiated（11）A ． approach B． course C． evolution D． pattern（12） A ． impractical B． unimaginative C． critical D． illogical（13） A ． keeps back B． answers for C． agrees on D． launches into （14） A ． conflict B． disaster C． strike D． damage（15） A ． challenge B． debate C． worry D． silenceSection B （ 22 分）Directions： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A ， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.4．（ 8 分） Last summer ， bird﹣ watchers confirmed the discovery of a new species of bird inreason in part． This species of bird was discovered not in an unspoiled rain forest but withinthe limits Cambodia's capital ， Phnom Penh ﹣ a city the size of Philadelphia ．What the researchers found was surprising in cities ． The medium ﹣sized city in the state about 110 species of birds， over 95 percent of which would have been growing there urbanization ． Ecologically speaking ， cities are different ， concrete buildings ． Rather， each unique bio ﹣ profile﹣a kind of ecological fingerprint﹣that is against the idea of an environment dead zone．Of course， it's also true that in the world of birds and plants ， as in human society， there is such a thing as worldwide ﹣ the city ﹣ inhabitants who feel equally at home in San Francisco ，Milan and Beijing ． Four birds occur in more than 80 percent of the cities studied ， and 11plants occurred in more than 90 percent of the cities ． On the plant side ， those are seemingly spread by European settlement． In the air ， it's the usual suspects： the rock pigeon and many other birds ．"They have become completely adapted to urban life ，"Katti says ．"That's not much of surprise ． But they don't actually dominate as much as we think they do ． "Those species﹣occurring in the cities across the globe ﹣ represent only a small part of a city's natural varieties ．Not all cities are equal protectors of native animals and plants， though． One of the biggest predictors for a city's biodiversity is its urban design．Territory as varied as backyards and street trees can lay important roles in greening a city ． In fact ， the amouht of green spaceis a stronger predictor of the density of biodiversity than a city's size．A metropolis with a sizable network of parks can contain more species per square mile than a much smaller city ．In a world where architecture ， food ， language， fashion and commerce are increasingly globalized ， a city's native animals and plants can be a kind of identity ．There may be neighborhoods in London and Paris that resemble Singapore or Hong Kong ． Cities are becoming similar ， but their natural environments stand completely apart ．（1）According to the passage， what do you think of Phnom Penh ， Cambodia's capital ？A ． It is full of various rare plants and animals ．B ． Its birds' population is larger than that of San Francisco ．C． It's as big as Philadelphia in terms of area ．（2）Which of the following statements is NOT the same as the author's idea ？A ． From a biological point new changes happen every day ．B ． From an environmental point the daily changes aren't obvious enough ．C． Each city has different characteristics in terms of ecological development．D ． Different species of creatures are born in different cities ．（ 3）Some plants are found in many cities in the world ， which seems to be a result of．A ． natural selectionB ． globalizationC． urban developmentD ． colonization（ 4）Which of the following might be the best title of the passage？A ． What Surprising Cities! The Medium﹣sized City Has Various Species of Birds!B ． The Power of Plants and Animals! The Charm of All the Cities!C． The Cities Are Concrete Jungles! Never Think about Them the Same Way Again!D ． More Species Per Square Mile! The Amount of Green Space Is a Stronger Predictor!5．（ 6 分）Please Choose Cloud Servicesmay be unsure， or you do not know where to begin ． Trying every Cloud service would take a lot of time and work ． But， the website Reviews ． com might help ．One valuable feature is the protection of digital files ， including photos， videos，documents， music and more． If the worst happens and your computer crashes ， or gets lost or damaged， your files can still found in the Cloud．Cloud services let you access your files from almost anywhere ． No need to worry about a file stored on your computer when you are away from your desk． If you have an Internetconnection， you can open your files from any computer ， or from a phone ， when they areUsing a Cloud service makes sharing files easier ． If you send documents to a group using emails， you may then wonder which version everyone is working with．When sharing files using a Cloud service ， everyone will see the same document and the latest version ．The first thing to consider is the amount of storage space you need．Check how much space you are currently using on your computer and mobile devices． If your computer or phone is filled with photos and you have little free space ， you may want to move your photos to the Cloud ． Some Cloud services are free ． But， if you need a lot of space ， you will probably need one that costs money．Even if everyone you have ever met is a Windows user ， you still probably want a Cloud service that works with many platforms．You might become friends with an Android user or start a job with a company that computers on Apple!（1）Which of the following is true according to the passage ？A ． Google ﹣Drive users can obtain 100GB for free ．B ． Most Cloud services can send files to both the Cloud and the local computer ．C． It's hard to transfer your file when you turn on the computer if it is stored in the Cloud．D ． Never worry about finding your files in the Clouds if the computer system crashes．（ 2）What will you have to do if you need more space to store more files in the Cloud？A ． To use your own Cloud services ．B ． To share Cloud space with others．C． To spend money buying space．D ． To buy the latest version of the service ．（ 3）How can consumers find the Cloud service that suits them best ？A ． By learning more information about the space occupied by files．B ． By comparing Cloud's function ， storage， available space and prices．C． By sending files to a group of people via e ﹣mail inquiring about the Cloud service ．D ． By making friends with Android users who use Apple computers．6．（ 8 分）Is Paperless Office Really Paperless？1990s， and the convenience of desktop printing allowed office workers to indulge anythingand everything ． In 2004 ， Ms Dunn ， a communications supplies director ， said that plain white office paper would see less than a 4percent growth rate ， a primary reason for which is that some 47 percent of the workforce entered the job market after computers had already been introduced to offices ．For office innovators ， the dream of paperless office is an example of high ﹣ tech arrogance（傲慢）． Today's office service is overwhelmed By more newspapers than ever before． After decades of development ， the American government can finally get rid of the madness on paper． In the past ， the demand for paper has been far ahead of growth in the American economy ， but the sales have slowed markedly over the past two to three years，despite the good economic conditions ．"Old habits are hard to break ，"says Ms ． Dunn． "There are some functions that paper serves where a screen display doesn't work ． Those funcitons are both its strength and its weakness．"Analysts attribute the decline to such factors as advances in digital databases and communication systems ． Escaping our craving for paper ， however， will be anything but an easy affair ．"We're finally seeing a reduction in the amount of paper being used per worker in the workplace ， "says John Maine ， vice president of a paper economic consulting firm．"More information is being transmitted electronically ， and an increasing number of people are satisfied that information exists only in electronic form without printing multiple backups．"To reduce paper use，some companies are working to combine digital and paper capabilities ． For example， Xerox is developing electronic paper ： thin digital displays that respond to a stylus， like a pen on paper． Marks can be erased or saved digitally ． Even with such technological advances， the increasing amounts of electronic data necessarily require more paper．"The information industry today is composed of a thin paper crust surrounding an electronic core ， "Mr ． Saffo wrote ． The growing paper crust is most noticeable，but the hidden electronic core is far larger and growing more rapidly ． The result is that we are becoming paperless ， but we hardly notice at all．"That's one of the greatest ironies of thephone or computer ， it inevitably leads to a face ﹣ to﹣ face meeting． The best thing for the aviation industry was the Internet ． "（1）Which of the following statements is NOT a reason for the slowdown in American paper sales？A ． Workforce with better computer skills．B ． Slow growth of the U ． S． economy．C． Changing patterns in paper use．D ． Changing employment trends ．（2）What does the last sentence in Para 3 mean？A ． We have to look at paper consumption from different angles ．B ． There is little chance that paper consumption will fall in the digital age．C． Paper consumption will be greatly reduced in the digital age．D ． People are no longer so addicted to paper in the digital age ．（ 3）The innovations from Xerox and other companies feature．A ． the intergration of digital technology with traditional paperB ． the chance from traditional paper to digital technologyC． the combination of the use of computer screens and cell phonesD ． a new type of computer writing and communciation（ 4）What can we draw from the example of the aviation industry in the last paragraph？A ． The dream of the paperless office will be realized some day ．B ． People usually prefer to have face ﹣ to﹣ face meetings instead of using computers ．C． More digital data use leads to greater paper use in the digital time ．D ． Some people are no longer opposed to video ﹣ conferencing ．Section C Directions： Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.7．（ 8 分）A ． There are five reason for the accident and you are guilty ．B． Every year thousands of people are horribly killed ， and we sit still and let it happen ．C． Surprisingly ， society should smile at the driver and forgive him ．D． Someone has rightly said that when a person is sitting behind the steering wheel ， his car becomes an extension of his personality ．E． All advertisements that emphasize power and performance should be banned ．F． It is time to develop a universal norm to reduce this senseless waste of human life ．Traffic Regulation and Accident PreventionWe live in a remarkable time ， and many of the once fatal diseases can now be cured with modern medicine and surgery ． It is almost certain that one day a cure will be found for the rest of the diseases． Expectations of life have greatly increased ． But though the possibility ofliving a long and happy life is greater than ever before ， every day we witness the incredible killing of men ， women and children on the roads ． Man fights against the motor ﹣ car． It isa never﹣ ending battle which man is losing ．（ 1）Nothing can seriously increase your risk of potentially fatal car accidents other than speeding and failing to pay due attention to weather conditions．（2）There is no doubt that the motor﹣ car often brings out a man's very worst qualities． Usually quiet and pleasant people ，when they are behind the steering wheel， will become unrecognizable ． They are impolite ， aggressive， self ﹣ willed like two ﹣ year﹣ old ，completely selfish ． All their hidden frustrations ， disappointments， and jealousy seem to be caused by driving ．（3）It's all for his own convenience．Due to a serious tragedy，the city is almost uninhabitable and the huge parking lot makes the town ugly．The destruction of rural areas and the annual mass killings are just a statistic ， easily forgotten ． With regard to driving ，the laws of some countries are not strict and even the strictest are not strict enough ．Traffic rules are for everyone to follow under any circumstances，and no one can make an exception unless you make a joke of your own life．Universally accepted standards can only have a significant beneficial on the incidence of accidents．Governments should develop safety codes for manufacturers ．（ 4）These measures may sound cruel． However ，if these measures result in a reduction in the loss of life every year，they should certainly notbe considered serious． After all ， the world belongs to humans ， not cars．Ⅳ. Summary Writing.8．（ 10 分）Directions ：Read the following passage ． Summarize the main idea and the main point （ s） of the passage in no more than 60 words． Use your own words as far as possible ．All Must Have DegreesIn a classroom in Seoul a group of teenagers sit over their desks in total silence．Study begins at eight in the morning and ends at half past four in the afternoon． And some even go back home at midnight ． Like thousands of South Koreans， they are preparing for the important exam， which will largely determine whether they go to a good university or not． Degrees have become useful ． Seventy percent of students who graduate from the country's secondary schools now go straight to universities ．Many more countries have seen a big rise in the share of young people with degrees ， but South Korea is an extreme case． As technological reforms require workers to do many difficult and demanding jobs that they would not have done before， there seems to be reasonable to insist that more workers receive a good education than before ． And a degree is an obvious way for bright youngsters From poor families to prove their abilities．People tend to earn more if they have degrees．Employers do not have to pay for higher education and they are increasingly able to demand degrees to screen out the least motivated or capable． A recent study by Joseph Fuller and Manjari Romaan of Harvard Business School shows that companies routinely require applicants to have degrees， even though only a minority of those already working in the role have them．The Economist's analysis found that between 1970 and 2015， the proportion of 256workers aged 25 ﹣ 64 with at least a bachelor's degree increased ． Some of them are highly intellectually demanding jobs ， such as aviation engineers ． Others are non ﹣ graduate jobssuch as waiting tables ． Sixteen percent of waiters now have degrees ， because probably in most cases they could not find jobs and live poorly ．Today，having a degree is usually an entry requirement ．Ⅴ . Translation.Directions ：Translate the following sentences into English， using the words9．（ 3 分）晚上别喝太多的咖啡，会睡不着觉的．（or）10．（ 4 分）事实证明，保持快乐的心态会降低得心脏病的风险．（It）11．（4 分）乐观的人不会过分怀念美好的旧时光，因为他们正忙着创造新的回忆．（create）12．（ 4 分）追求稳定并不是什么坏事，很多时候这样的态度在促使我们提升自我、挑战难度、攀登高峰．（ when）Ⅵ. Guided Writing.13．（ 25 分） Directions ： Write an English composition in 120﹣ 150words according to the instructions given below in Chinese ．2018 年 11 月 5 日﹣ 10 日，首届中国国际进口博览会在上海成功举行．假设你是明启中学的高三学生卢平，学校英语报向全体高三学生进行征文，题目为"The CIIE in My Eyes"．你有意投稿，撰写一篇文章．稿件内容必须包含：1．对 " 新时代，共享未来（New Era， Shared Future）" 的理解；2．首届进博会向世界传递了什么信息？对中国发展有何深远的影响？（中国国际进口博览会：China International Import Expo简称CIIE）2019 年上海市普陀区高考英语一模试卷参考答案与试题解析I. Listening Comprehension（略）II. Grammar and vocabularySection A 10%1．（ 10 分）The Best Book I've Ever ReadFrankly ， I have read nearly all of the great works of literature，but no book has ever impressed me as deeply or directly （ 1）as Joel Stein's Man Made ： A Stupid Quest for Masendinity ．Haven't we all ， on some level， been Jewish boys in New Jersey in （ 2）the1970s with only female friends ， an Easy﹣ Bake oven and a strong preference for show tunes？Haven't we all had a panic attack （ 3） after learning we're going to have a son ， since that means we're going to have to figure out how to throw footballs， watch other people throw footballs and decide （ 4） when to be happy or sad about the results of football throwing ？Haven't we all then tried to correct our lack of maleness by becoming a man， fighting fires with firefighters ，（ 5） driving（ drive） a Lamborghini and doing three days of Army training camp ？ I know I have ．The only parts I didn't fully enjoy were（ 26） the time in which the author suffered horribly ． After just three hours of training camp， he fainted weakly into the arms of a soldier ． The film rights to Man Made have already been sold to Fox， and I hope it gets （ 27）turned （turn ） into a movie with George Clooney playing the Stein role， since they remind me so much of each other．（8）While this is only Stein's first book ， I would already consider him as someone like David Sedaris ， Dave Barry ， James Thurber， Mark Twain and Abraham Lincoln ． I （ 9）have recommended（recommend）Man Made not just to all my friends and family but also to strangers on Twitter over and over again ． My one fear is（10）that after this great achievement， Stein will lose his ability to be a cruel critic of our shallow times．【考点】 N6 ：语法填空．【分析】文章中作者推荐了一本书Man Made ： A Stupid Quest for Masendinity，介绍了作者的一系列看法．【解答】 1． as．考查连词， as..as结构，和⋯一样深刻，故填as．2． the．考查冠词，in the 1970s，在 20 世纪 70 年代，故填the．3． after．考查介词，在得知我们即将有个儿子之后，故填after．4． when．考查连词，when 引导宾语从句，什么时候该开心，什么时候该悲伤，故填when．5． driving ．考查非谓语， we 与 drive 是主动关系，故填现在分词做状语，故填driving．6． the time ．考查名词，作者很挣扎的那一次， the time 做先行词，在定语从句中做时间状语，故填 the time ．7． turned．考查非谓语，get 是系动词， get turned into ：被变成，故填turned．8． While ．考查连词，虽然这是他的第一本书，故填while 引导让步状语从句．9．have recommended ．考查时态，我已经向朋友家人推荐了这本书，故填haverecommended．10． that．考查连词，that 引导表语从句，我的担心是成功之后，Stein 失去作为一名严苛批评家的能力，故填that．【点评】在一篇 200 词左右的语篇（短文或对话）中留出10 处空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容或所提供单词的正确形式，所填写词语不得多于 3 个单词．要做好语法填空题，理解短文是解题的前提，扎实的词汇、句型和语法知识是基础，英语国家的背景知识是必要的补充．考生须灵活运用语法知识，如单词词性、单词时态、名词单复数、连接词、代词、冠词等判断各空白处应填写的内容．答完后，还要通读全文，核对所填单词形式是否正确，是否符合语境．II. Grammar and VocabularySection A（10分）Directions：After reading the passage below，fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blankswith a given word ， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word ； for the other blanks， use one word that best fits each blank.2．（ 10 分）A ． generated B． furniture C． fame D ． resulting E． suggestionsF． developed G． eventually H． completed I． fixed J． commercialK ． softlyThe Father of JD PrintingAbout twenty years ago， the surgeons at the Wilford Hull medical center working to separate a pair of conjoined（连体的）twins thought that only one would be able to walk after the operation． After a model of the girls' bone structure was（1）generated using 3D printing ， however， they found a shared upper leg bone to be bigger than expected and split it successfully，（ 2） resulting in both twins being able to walk ． Now eighty and still workingas chief technology officer of 3D Systems ． Chuck Hull is enjoying some minor （3） fame 31 years after he first printed a small black eye﹣wash cup using a new method ofmanufacturing known as 3D printing．At the time ， he was working for a company that used UV light to put thin layers of plastic coats on tabletops and （ 4）furniture． He had an idea that if he could place thousands of thin layers of plastic on top of each other and then cut their shape using light， he would be able to form three dimensional objects ． After a year ， he （ 5）developed a system where light was shone into a bottle of photopolymer﹣ a material which changes from liquid to plastic ﹣ like solid when light shines on it﹣ and traces the shape of one level of the object ． Subsequent layers are then printed until it is（ 6） completed．After patenting the invention ， he set up 3D Systems，（ 7） eventually getting＄ 6m （￡3.5m） from a Canadian investor ． The first（ 8）commercial product came out in 1988and proved a hit among car manufacturers，in the aerospace sector and for companies designing medical equipment ． The possibilities appear endless ﹣ from home ﹣printed food and medicine to （9）suggestions that pictures of objects be able to be taken in shops and then recreated using plans downloaded from the Internet Although deliberate in his responses，there is one moment when the （ 10）softly spoken Chuck Hull tells of his surprise about what exactly his creation was capable of achieving ．【考点】 N8 ：选词填空．【分析】本文主要讲述了3D 打印技术的作用、来源和影响．【解答】答案： 1﹣ 5ADCBF 6 ﹣ 10HGJEK1． A．考查被动语态．根据句意可知，用三维打印技术制作了一个女孩的骨骼结构模型后，他们发现一个共享的大腿骨比预期的要大，并成功地将其分割开．此处意为"被生产、被制作 " ，用 was generated，故选 A．。