部编小升初小学英语阅读理解五大常见题型(附解题技巧)+练习题(答案解析)

部编小升初小学英语阅读理解五大常见题型(附解题技巧)

在小学阶段，阅读理解题型灵活多样，但主要有五种题型，不同的题型其实也是有不同解题技巧的。

一、读一读，然后选一选

这种题型的特点是在短文后给出若十个不完整的句子或若干个根据短文内容提出的问题，针对每一题都提供三到四个备选的答案，要求同学们在正确理解短文内容的基础上，从选项中选出一个正确的答案。

这类试题的问题一般是紧扣短文内容编排的，既会涉及文章中的细节内容，如文中出现的人物、时间、地点、事件的前因后果等；也会涉及文章中某个词或某个句子的含义以及文章的主旨、大意和标题等。

The big day comes at last!

Mrs Jones'third grade students are waiting quietly for her to come into the classroom. Today Amy brings some cakes, Joy brings some napkins, Carlos brings some soda water and Kate brings some cups. Everyone wants the party to he a surprise. Mrs Jones doesn't know the children have known today is her birthday. When she comes into the classroom, the children shout, “Happy birthday, Mrs Jones!”

And then the children get a surprise,too. Mrs Jones brings everyone a party hat and an ice cream!阅读短文，选择最佳答案。

( ) 1. Mrs Jones'grade students are waiting for her. A. three B.third C.No.3 D.the third

( )2. Carlos brings some一． A. cola B.napkins C.soda water D.cups

( )3． brings some cakes. A. Amy B.Carlos C.Joey D.Kate

分析

题1短文的第二句话告诉我们是琼斯老师的三年级的学生们正静静地等候她的到来。在年级前面应该用序数词来表示，如果是在年级后面就应该用基数词表示。如：the third grade,=Grade Three.同时因为前面有定语Mrs Jones'，所以这里也应该不要the。

题2.3 短文介绍了几个同学分别带了一些东西。卡洛斯带了soda water（汽水），艾米带了蛋糕。

正确答案：1．B 2．C 3．A

二、读一读，然后判断句子正误

该题型的特点是在短文后给出若干个句子，要求同学们根据短文内容，判断所给的句子意思是否与原文相符。做这类题应该联系短文内容进行发挥，主要是考查对意思相近或相反的几个句子进行鉴别、判断，或是变换词语、句子结构来测试同种意思的不同表达。There are some public numbers. Do you know when to use these numbers? 110 is a number for calling policeman when you have niet some illegal things. 119 is a number using for a fire accident. 120 is a number for asking medical help when somebody is serious ill or hurt. Please do not dial these numbers for fun. It is forbidden. 阅读短文，判断正(T)误(F)。

( )1. When you meet some thieves, you can call 110.

( )2. Somebody is serious ill, you can call 119.

( )3. There is a fire ac:cident in vour building, so you can call 119.

( )4.A girl was hurt by a car, you can call 120.

分析

这篇短文是介绍几个常用电话号码的用法。读懂就会判断句子的正误了。

题l 意思是当你遇到小偷的时候，你应该拔打110。110是遇到违法事件时的报警号码，所以判断它是正确的。

题2意思是有人得了重病，你应该拔打119。1 19是发生火灾时的求救号码，所以判断它是错误的。

题3意思是当你的房子发生了火灾，你应该拨打119。可以判断它是正确的

题4意思是一个女孩被汽车撞了，你应该拔打120。120是请求医疗急救的号码，应该先送她去医院+，所以可以判断它是正确的。

正确答案：1.T 2.F 3.T 4.T

三、读一读，然后回答问题

这种题型要求根据所提的问题写出完整、正确的句子。这样的题目听起来似乎很难，其实真正做起来却很简单。

回答问题时，句子越简单越好，答案应简洁明了，能用一个词，就不用两个词，只要能说明问题就行。

There are seven days in a week. They are Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday and Saturday. Sunday is the first day of the week. Saturday and Sunday are the weekend. Usually, we have a rest on the weekends. The other five days are weekdays. We usually go to school or work during weekdays. Nobody likes Monday, because we have a good time on Sunday and we don't want to study or work any more.

阅读短文，然后根据短文内容回答问题。

1. How many days are there in a week?

2．What are they?

3. What is the first day of the week?

4．What is the weekend？

5. When do we usually go to school?

分析

题1 问一周有几天。用一个seven就可以回答了。

题2问分别是哪几天。短文第二句已经给我们答案了。

题3记住一周的第一天是星期天而不是星期一。

题4周末是星期六和星期天。

题5 问我们通常什么时候上学。应该是工作日了。

正确答案：

1．There are seven.

2．They are Sunday, Monday, Tuesclay, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday and Saturday.

3.Sunday.

4.Saturday and Sunday.

5.During weekdays.

四、读一读，然后根据短文内容填空

该题型的特点是在短文后给出一篇经过改写或缩写后与原短文意思相同的短文或几个句子，在短文或句子中均留有若干个空格，要求同学们在每一个空格处填上一个词，使短文或句子所表达的意思与原短文的内容一致。

The English people like take-away food. The most popular food is fish and chips. They usually go to a fish and chips shop. They put the food in paper bags, and take it home, or to their work place. At lunch time, many people eat takeaway food in thepark. Chinese take-away food is also very popular in England. People in the USA and Australia like Chinese take-away food, too. But the most popular food in the USA is fried chicken.

阅读短文，然后填空。

1. The most popular food in England is___.

2. They put the food in____ ,and take it home, or to their work place.

3. At lunch time, many people eat______food in the park.

4. Chinese take-away food is also very_ in England.

5. The most popular food in the USA is___一．

分析

题l 第二句话告诉我们最受英国人欢迎的食物是鱼和薯片。

题2第四句话告诉我们他们把食物装进纸袋里，然后带回家或工作的地方。

题3短文还告诉我们在午餐的时候，很多人喜欢在公园里吃可携带食物。

题4第二段告诉我们中国的可携带食物在英国也很受欢迎。题5最后一句话告诉我们在美国，最受欢迎的食物是炸鸡。

正确答案：1．fish and chips 2．paper bags 3．take-away4．popular 5．fried chiken

五、读一读，然后画一画

该题型要求同学们先读懂短文，然后根据短文内容画与短文内容相关的。要注意短文中提到的一些东西要在画中体现出来。

Aunt Mary is coming, but Tom's mother is too busy to pick her up. So she asks Tom to pick aunt Mary up. But Tom did not meet her for a long time. So his mother asks Tom to find as following: She is at the bus station. She is a tall woman with long blac:k hair. She is wearing a green dress, a brown hat and a pair of boots. She is holding a handbag. Can Tom find her'

l 根据汤姆的妈妈的描述给玛丽阿姨画一幅画，以便汤姆更容易找到她。

分析

短文的第二段告诉我们玛丽阿姨的肖像特点是：a tall woman with long black hair（长长的黑头发的高个子的妇女），wearing a green dress，a brown hat and a pair of boots（穿着一件绿色的裙子，头戴一顶棕色的帽子，脚穿一双靴子），holding a handbag（拿着一个手提包）。

读懂了这些，就不难画出这幅画了。可不要忘记了涂色哦！

总之，英语阅读理解的解题技巧可以归纳为以下几点：

1．假如文章很长，题目很少，我们可以采取略读的方法先简单读一遍，然后带着问题去查阅，这样相信你一定能找到答案。

2．假如文章很短，而题目义很多的话，我们则应该先仔细阅读短文，再去做题。遇到想不起来的，可以带着该问题去查阅有关细节。

3．如果问题要求解答数字、人名、地名、时间等，可以直接用查阅的方法来寻求答案，也可以先略读然后再查阅。

二、阅读理解

2．阅读理解并选择正确的答案。

Long long ago, there was a bad king. All of his people hated him. One hot day, he was taking a walk along a river when he decided to have a swim in it. He was a good swimmer, but while he was in the river, he suddenly fell ill and was dying. At that time two farmers were working in the field nearby. They came over, jumped into the river, and he was saved. They didn't know who was until they pull him out of the water. The king was happy. He said to the two farmer, "Today you have saved my life. Ask for anything, and I'll give it to you. I'm the richest in the world." "Don't tell anybody that we have saved you," the two farmers said together.

（1）All of people ____ the king.

A. loved

B. visited

C. hated

（2）One day, the king decided to ______.

A. take a walk

B. have a swim

C. Walk by the river.

（3）______ jumped into the river.

A. The king

B. Nobody

C. Two farmers

（4）The farmers were _____ to save the king.

A. happy

B. worried

C. sad

（5）The king was very _____.

A. kind

B. friendly

C. bad

【答案】（1）C

（2）B

（3）C

（4）C

（5）C

【解析】【分析】文章大意：描述国王游泳被救的事情。

（1）根据All of his people hated him.可知所有人都憎恨他，故选C。

（2）根据he decided to have a swim in it.可知他决定去游泳。故选B。

（3）根据 They came over, jumped into the river, and he was saved. 可知这两个农民跳进了河里救了国王，故选C。

（4）根据"Don't tell anybody that we have saved you," the two farmers said together.可知这两个农民看到被救的人是国王不开心，故选C。

（5）根据 Long long ago, there was a bad king.可知那个国王很坏，故选C。

【点评】考查对篇章的把握和细节的辨别能力。答题时，紧扣文章中的关键词，做出正确选择。

3．阅读理解并判断句子的正误。

I have a cousin. He is only four years old. Today I go to a library with him. He doesn't know the signs. I tell him about the signs. This sign means "Be quiet". We should not shout in the library. That sign means "No eating or drinking". We can't eat or drink here. My cousin knows a lot about the signs in the signs in the library after I tell him.

（1）My cousin is five years old.

（2）We are in the supermarket.

（3）My cousin knows a lot about the signs in the signs in the library after I tell him.

（4）We can eat and drink in the library.

（5）We shouldn't shout in the library.

【答案】（1）0

（2）0

（3）1

（4）0

（5）1

【解析】【分析】文章大意：介绍主人公给堂弟介绍布告牌的事情。

（1）句意：我堂弟5岁。根据He is only four years old.可知他四岁，故答案为：错误。（2）句意：我们在超市。根据Today I go to a library with him.可知他们在图书馆，故答案为：错误。

（3）句意：我告诉他之后我堂弟知道了很多关于布告牌里的布告。根据My cousin knows a lot about the signs in the signs in the library after I tell him.可知我告诉他之后我堂弟知道了很多关于布告牌里的布告。，故答案为：正确。

（4）句意：在图书馆里我们能吃喝。根据We can't eat or drink here. 可知在图书馆里我们不能吃喝，故答案为：错误。

（5）句意：在图书馆我们不应该喊叫。根据We should not shout in the library.可知在图书馆我们不应该喊叫。故答案为：正确。

【点评】考查阅读理解，浏览文章大意，把握细节。答题时，紧扣文章中的关键词，做出正确判断。

4．阅读理解

(二)

This is my room. Near the window there is a desk. I often do my homework at the desk. You can see some books, some flowers, a ruler and a pen on it. On the wall near the desk there is a picture of a cat. There is a clock above my bed. I usually put my football under my bed. There is a chair in front of the desk. I can see the trees and the roads outside when I sit there.

阅读短文，选择最佳答案。

（1）What can I do at the desk?

A. Play football.

B. See the trees and the roads.

C. Do my homework.

（2）What can you see on my desk?

A. Some books and flowers

B. A ruler and a pen

C. Both A and B （3）—Where is the picture?

—It's ________.

A. on the desk

B. on the wall

C. on the chair

（4）What's under the bed?

A. A ruler.

B. A football.

C. A cat.

（5）Are there any trees outside?

A. Yes, there are.

B. Yes, they are.

C. No, there aren't.

【答案】（1）C

（2）C

（3）B

（4）B

（5）A

【解析】【分析】通读短文，了解到作者的房间的样子，作者经常在房间里有书桌写作业，在上面有许多东西，在墙上有一张图片，在床上方有一个钟，桌子下有个球，在前面有一把椅子，作者可以透过窗户看到窗外面的景象。

（1）根据所给的短文，I often do my homework at the desk.我经常在书桌前做作业。故答案为C.

（2）根据所给的短文，You can see some books, some flowers, a ruler and a pen on it. 你可以在上面看到一些书，一些花，一把尺子和一支钢笔。故答案为C.

（3）根据所给的短文，On the wall near the desk there is a picture of a cat. 在书桌附近的墙上有一张猫的照片。故答案为B.

（4）根据所给的短文，I usually put my football under my bed.我通常把足球放在床下。故答案为B.

（5）根据所给的短文，I can see the trees and the roads outside when I sit there.当我坐在那里时，我能看见外面的树木和道路。故答案为A.

【点评】考查阅读理解关键看懂短文，然后关键题目要求作答，选择合适的选项，符合题意。

5．阅读理解阅读短文，判断下列句子正误。

Many parts of the world have four seasons. They are spring, summer, autumn and winter. In spring, the weather becomes warmer and the days get longer. Plants begin to grow and many animals have babies. Summer is the hottest season. Plants grow fast. In autumn, the weather turns cool. Trees may lose their leaves. Some birds fly to warmer places. Winter is the coldest season. Plants stop growing and many trees are bare(光秃秃的).

（1）All parts of the world have four seasons.

（2）Many animals have babies in summer.

（3）Summer is the hottest season.

（4）The weather turns cool in autumn.

（5）Winter comes. The plants stop growing.

【答案】（1）0

（2）0

（3）1

（4）1

（5）1

【解析】【分析】该文章主要介绍春夏秋冬四个季节的情况。

（1）细节理解，根据 Many parts of the world have four seasons.得知世界很多地方有四季，而不是所有地方，故答案为：错误。

（2）细节理解，根据Plants begin to grow and many animals have babies得知春天很多动物生产，故答案为：错误。

（3）细节理解，根据Summer is the hottest season.得知夏天是最热的季节，故答案为：正确。

（4）细节理解，根据 In autumn, the weather turns cool. 得知秋天天气变凉爽，故答案为：正确。

（5）细节理解，根据Winter is the coldest season. Plants stop growing and many trees are bare(光秃秃的).得知树叶停止生长，故答案为：正确。

【点评】考查对对话的把握和细节的辨别能力。答题时，紧扣文章中的关键词，做出正确判断。

6．阅读理解阅读短文，判断下列句子是否正确

I was only nine years old when I learnt how to use a computer．My mother is my first teacher．I know how to type，how to copy a file，and how to visit a website on the Internet．One day，mom was not at home．I turned on the computer and began to learn how to chat on net．The first one I met there was a boy called Tom．He greeted me politely．When he knew that I was only a 9-year-old girl and almost knew nothing about chatting on net，he started showing me how to use the chatting tools，how to download，and how to send e-mails．I learnt a lot from him．

（1）I was only nine years old when I learnt how to use a computer．

（2）When mom was at home．I began to learn how to chat on net．

（3）The first one I met on net was a boy called Tom．

（4）Tom is my first computer teacher．

（5）He showed me how to use the chatting tools．

【答案】（1）1

（2）0

（3）1

（4）0

（5）1

【解析】【分析】本文主要关于作者学电脑的事。

⑴题意：当我学会如何使用电脑时，我才九岁。比较本小题题干和短文第一句可知内容是一模一样的，故答案为：正确 .

⑵题意：当妈妈在家里，我开始学着上网聊天。根据短文中语句“One day，mom was not at

home．I turned on the computer and began to learn how to chat on net．”可知我是妈妈不在家时开始学着上网聊天的。这与题意不符，故答案为：错误 .

⑶题意：我在网上遇到的第一个是一个叫汤姆的男孩。短文中语句“The first one I met there was a boy called Tom．”的句意是“我在那里遇到的第一个是一个叫汤姆的男孩。”。这与题意相符，故答案为：正确.

⑷题意：汤姆是我的第一个计算机老师。根据第一句和第二句可知妈妈是我的第一个计算机老师。这与题意不符，故答案为：错误 .

⑸题意：他给我看如何使用聊天工具。短文中语句“he started showing me how to use the chatting tools，”的句意是“他开始教我如何使用聊天工具。”。这与题意相符，故答案为：正确.

【点评】本题考查对篇章的把握和对细节的识别能力，答题时注意在短文中寻找答案。