考研英语2003年第三篇阅读
考研英语一真题手译阅读2003-Text3
Consider the $10.2 billion bid by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail this year.
2- Supporters of the new supersystems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service.
Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks.
It’s a theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail.
“Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace?” asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shippers.
But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.
2003 考研英语阅读真题Text 3(英语二)
2003 Text 3（英语⼆）铁路In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into supersystems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly.As recently as 1995, the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails.Next year, after a series of mergers is completed, just four railroads will control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers.Supporters of the new supersystems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service.Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks.But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling longdistances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.The vast consolidation within the means that most shippers are served by only one rail company.Railroads typically charge such “captive” shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business.Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal 近年来，铁路公司相互联合，组成了超⼤型集团，引起⼈们对垄断⾏为的极⼤关注。
2003年考研英语—真题及答案
2003年考研英语真题及答案2003 text1Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World W ar Ⅱand later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the "great game" of espionage — spying as a "profession". These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan's vocation as well.The latest revolution isn't simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen's e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the W orld Wide W eb has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying. The spooks call it "open-source intelligence", and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open Source Solutions, whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.Among the firms making the biggest splash in this new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying (covering nations from Chile to Russia) to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online at .Straiford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymaster's dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine. "As soon as that report runs, we'll suddenly get 500 new Internet sign-ups from Ukraine," says Friedman, a former political science professor. "And we'll hear back from some of them." Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. That's where Straitford earns its keep.Friedman relies on a lean staff of 20 in Austin. Several of his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firm's outsider status as the key to its success. Straitford's briefs don't sound like the usual W ashington back-and-forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.41. The emergence of the Net has ________.[A] received support from fans like Donovan[B] remolded the intelligence services[C] restored many common pastimes[D] revived spying as a profession42. Donovan's story is mentioned in the text to ________.[A] introduce the topic of online spying[B] show how he fought for the US[C] give an episode of the information war[D] honor his unique services to the CIA43. The phrase "making the biggest splash" (line 1, paragraph 3) most probably means ________.[A] causing the biggest trouble[B] exerting the greatest effort[C] achieving the greatest success[D] enjoying the widest popularity44. It can be learned from paragraph 4 that ________.[A] Straitford's prediction about Ukraine has proved true[B] Straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information[C] Straitford's business is characterized by unpredictability[D] Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information45. Straitford is most proud of its ________.[A] official status[B] nonconformist image[C] efficient staff[D] military background 试题解析：这是一篇说明性的文章，介绍了互联网技术对情报行业的影响。
2003考研英语阅读3
2003 Text 3In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other,merging into super systems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995, the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails. Next year, after a series of merger s is completed, just four railroads will control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers.Supporters of the new super systems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reduction s and better coordinate d service. Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks.But many shipper s complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company. Railroads typically charge such "captive" shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government's Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases.Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduce s everyone's cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. It's theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail. "Do we really want railroads to be the arbiter s of who winsand who loses in the marketplace?" asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shipper.Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be his with a round of huge rate increases. The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortune s, still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on. Consider the $10.2 billion bid by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail this year. Conrail's net railway operating income in 1996 was just $427 million, less than half of the carrying costs of the transaction. Who's going to pay for the rest of the bill? Many captive shippers fear that they will, as Norfolk Southern and CSX increase their grip on the market.51. According to those who support mergers railway monopoly is unlikely because ________.[A] cost reduction is based on competition[B] services call for cross-trade coordination[C] outside competitor s will continue to exist[D] shippers will have the railway by the throat52. What is many captive shippers' attitude towards the consolidation in the rail industry?[A] Indifferent.[B] Supportive.[C] Indignant.[D] Apprehensive.53. It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that ________.[A] shippers will be charged less without a rival railroad[B] there will soon be only one railroad company nationwide[C] overcharged shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate relief[D] a government board ensures fair play in railway business54. The word "arbiters" (line 7, paragraph 4) most probably refers to those ________.[A] who work as coordinator s[B] who function as judges[C] who supervise transactions[D] who determine the price55. According to the text, the cost increase in the rail industry is mainly caused by ________.[A] the continuing acquisition[B] the growing traffic[C] the cheering Wall Street[D] the shrinking market重点词汇：merge /mE:dV/（v.合并）比emerge（v.出现；形成）少首字母e，merger/5mE:dVE/（n.合并）←merge+r名词后缀。
考研英语2003年第三篇阅读
考研英语2003年第三篇阅读I'm sorry, but I am unable to provide you with the specific reading passage from the 2003 English postgraduate entrance examination. However, I can offer general tips and strategies for tackling reading comprehension passages in the exam:1. Skim the passage: Quickly read through the passage to get a sense of the topic and main ideas. Pay attention to headings, subheadings, and any bolded or italicized text.2. Pay attention to the structure: Look for the organization of the passage. Check for any introduction, paragraphs with supporting details, and a conclusion. This can help you understand the flow of ideas.3. Identify key information: Highlight or underline important information, such as dates, names, statistics, or any keywords that may be useful later.4. Analyze questions before reading answer choices: Read the questions carefully, paying attention to any keywords or phrases. Try to predict an answer or eliminate any obviously wrong options before reading the answer choices.5. Scan for specific information: When answering questions, refer back to the passage and scan for specific information related to the question. Avoid spending too much time reading the entire passage again.6. Use context clues: If you encounter unfamiliar words or phrases,try to infer their meaning from the context of the passage. Look for surrounding words or sentences that provide clues.7. Be cautious with trap answer choices: Watch out for answer choices that are partially correct or use extreme language. Stick to information provided in the passage and not your personal opinions or assumptions.8. Manage your time: The reading section usually has a time limit, so make sure to manage your time effectively. It is better to answer all the questions than to spend too much time on a difficult one. Remember, the best way to improve your reading comprehension skills is through practice. Familiarize yourself with a variety of reading passages and practice answering questions under timed conditions.。
2003年英语二阅读text3解析
2003年英语二阅读text3解析
摘要：
1.了解2003年英语二阅读text3的背景和主题
2.分析文章的结构和逻辑
3.阐述文章中的关键信息和观点
4.总结文章的启示和实用性
正文：
一、了解2003年英语二阅读text3的背景和主题
2003年英语二阅读text3是一篇关于美国社会现象的文章。
在当时，美国社会正面临着一场关于性别平等问题的争论。
文章通过讲述一个名叫艾米丽的女孩在成长过程中所面临的性别歧视现象，引发了读者对性别平等问题的思考。
二、分析文章的结构和逻辑
文章的结构清晰，逻辑严密。
首先，文章通过介绍艾米丽的成长经历，引出性别歧视这一社会问题。
接着，文章分析了性别歧视的根源，以及当时美国社会对待性别问题的态度。
最后，文章提出了作者的观点，呼吁人们重视性别平等问题，并采取实际行动消除性别歧视。
三、阐述文章中的关键信息和观点
文章中的关键信息包括：艾米丽的成长经历、性别歧视的现象和根源、作者对性别平等问题的看法。
作者认为，性别歧视不仅对受害者造成伤害，而且对整个社会产生负面影响。
要解决这一问题，需要从教育、法律和观念等方面
入手，消除性别歧视。
四、总结文章的启示和实用性
这篇文章通过讲述一个真实的故事，提醒我们性别平等问题的重要性。
在现实生活中，我们应关注性别歧视现象，提高自己的性别平等意识，尊重和关爱他人。
2003年考研英语阅读全文翻译
2003Text 1Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in Ⅱusing whatever tools came to hand in the "great game" of espionage — spying as a "profession". These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan's vocation as well.The latest revolution isn't simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen's e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the World Wide Web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying. The spooks call it "open-source intelligence", and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open Source Solutions, whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world. Among the firms making the biggest splash in this new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying (covering nations from Chile to Russia) to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online at .Straiford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymaster's dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine. "As soon as that report runs, we'll suddenly get 500 new Internet sign-ups from Ukraine," says Friedman, a former political science professor. "And we'll hear back from some of them." Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. That's where Straitford earns its keep.Friedman relies on a lean staff of 20 in Austin. Several of his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firm's outsider status as the key to its success. Straitford's briefs don't sound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.比尔·多诺汶肯定会喜欢网络。
2003年考研英语阅读理解真题翻译
2003年考研英语阅读理解真题翻译考研英语阅读和翻译是分不开的，要掌握文章主旨，理解文章内涵，必须要有一定的翻译能力，尤其是面对长难句时，模糊带过往往不能解决问题。
凯程在线带领大家逐句翻译阅读真题，希望大家能够先打好基础，攻克长难句便指日可待。
下面我们来看2003年第3篇第2句的翻译。
2003年第3篇第2句As recently as 1995, the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails.词汇：accountfor // 占结构：As recently as 1995, the top four railroadsaccounted for (主语和谓语动词)// under70 percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails(宾语是under 70 percent of the total ton-miles;under是“不到、不足”的意思;moved by rails是过去分词作定语，修饰宾语).译文：最近就在1995年，四家最大的铁路公司的运输量(以吨英里计算)还不到整个铁路运输总量的70%。
考场上做题时间如何合理分配?在考试的考场里面，我们的考试是在下午两点到下午五点之间，三个小时的时间进行的。
这就意味着在考场里面你的阅读这部分，理论上讲，你有72分钟的时间，这72分钟做四篇文章，每篇文章大概明确说了，给我考1600个词，每篇文章400个词，实际上考察的过程当中是400到420个单词。
这样平均下来，每一篇文章各位有18分钟的时间。
但是，实际上在考场里面要比18分钟还要多。
为什么?首先，因为考试的时候是在12月底，那是北半球最冷的时候，下午的考试，上午考试结束，中午同学们吃东西，回来之后一般站在操场上，因为我们的考点多数设置在一些中学或者职业高中里面，大家在操场上结合，站到1：40分的时候，很冷的，基本上一点五十大家都坐定了，提前你大概能想出两到三分钟的时间。
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考研英语2003年第三篇阅读
（实用版）
目录
1.考研英语 2003 年第三篇阅读理解文章概述
2.文章主题：铁路行业的合并与垄断问题
3.文章结构：
a.近年铁路行业的合并趋势
b.合并带来的问题：垄断
c.1995 年的四大铁路公司情况
d.铁路公司合并对货运代理商的影响
e.应对铁路行业垄断的措施
正文
一、考研英语 2003 年第三篇阅读理解文章概述
这篇文章主要讨论了近年来铁路行业的合并趋势以及合并带来的问题，如垄断等。
文章以美国铁路行业的情况为例，分析了铁路公司合并对货运代理商的影响，并提出了应对铁路行业垄断的措施。
二、文章主题：铁路行业的合并与垄断问题
1.近年来铁路行业的合并趋势
近年来，铁路行业经历了一系列的合并，各大铁路公司纷纷联手，组建成更大的运输系统。
这一趋势不仅在美国，也在世界各地蔓延。
2.合并带来的问题：垄断
铁路行业的合并引发了人们对垄断问题的担忧。
一些专家认为，铁路公司的合并可能导致货运代理商面临更高的运输费用，甚至影响整个供应
链的稳定性。
3.1995 年的四大铁路公司情况
文章提到，早在 1995 年，美国的四大铁路公司就占据了国内铁路运输市场的绝大部分份额。
随着铁路行业的不断合并，这些公司的市场份额进一步扩大。
4.铁路公司合并对货运代理商的影响
铁路公司的合并对货运代理商带来了诸多挑战。
首先，由于铁路公司之间的竞争加剧，货运代理商可能会面临更高的运输费用。
其次，货运代理商需要与多家铁路公司建立合作关系，以保证货物的顺利运输。
此外，铁路公司合并还可能导致供应链的稳定性受到影响。
5.应对铁路行业垄断的措施
为了应对铁路行业的垄断问题，政府可以采取以下措施：
a.对铁路公司进行监管，防止其滥用市场优势地位。
b.鼓励铁路公司之间的竞争，以降低运输费用。
c.建立多式联运系统，提高货物运输的效率。
d.支持货运代理商，帮助他们在铁路行业垄断的情况下生存和发展。
总之，2003 年考研英语第三篇阅读理解文章主要探讨了铁路行业的合并与垄断问题。