8月1日雅思写作真题及
2020年08月01日雅思考试真题回忆 答案带范文答案
2020 年08 月01 日雅思考试真题机经Passage3: multitaskingMultitasking Debate—Can you do them at the same time?Talking on the phone while driving isn't the only situation where we're worse at multitasking than we might like to think we are. New studies have identified a bottleneck in our brains that some say means we are fundamentally incapable of true multitasking. If experimental findings reflect real-world performance, people who think they are multitasking are probably just underperforming in all-or at best, all but one -of their parallel pursuits. Practice might improve your performance, but you will never be as good as when focusing on one task at a time.The problem, according to René Marois, a psychologist at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee, is that there's a sticking point in the brain. To demonstrate this, Marois devised an experiment to locate it. Volunteers watch a screen and when a particular image appears, a red circle, say, they have to press a key with their index finger. Different coloured circles require presses from different fingers. Typical response time is about half a second, and the volunteers quickly reach their peak performance. Then they learn to listen to different recordings and respond by making a specific sound. For instance, when they hear a bird chirp, they have to say "ba"; an electronic sound should elicit a "ko", and so on. Again, no problem. A normal person can do that in about half a second, with almost no effort. The trouble comes when Marois shows the volunteers an image, then almost immediately plays them a sound. Now they're flummoxed. "If you show an image and play a sound at the same time, one task is postponed," he says. In fact,if the second task is introduced within the half-second or so it takes to process and react to the first, it will simply be delayed until the first one is done. The largest dual-task delays occur when the two tasks are presented simultaneously; delays progressively shorten as the interval between presenting the tasks lengthens (See Diagram).There are at least three points where we seem to get stuck, says Marois. The first is in simply identifying what we're looking at. This can take a few tenths of a second, during which time we are not able to see and recognise a second item. This limitation is known as the "attentional blink": experiments have shown that if you're watching out for a particular event and a second one shows up unexpectedly any time within this crucial window of concentration, it may register in your visual cortex but you will be unable to act upon it. Interestingly, if you don't expect the first event, you have no trouble responding to the second. What exactly causes the attentional blink is still a matter for debate.A second limitation is in our short-term visual memory. It's estimated that we can keep track of about four items at a time, fewer if they are complex. This capacity shortage is thought to explain, in part, our astonishing inability to detect even huge changes in scenes that are otherwise identical, so-called "change blindness". Show people pairs of near-identical photos -say, aircraft engines in one picture have disappeared in the other -and they will fail to spot the differences (if you don't believe it, check out the clips at www.psych.ubc.ca/~rensink/flicker/download). Here again, though, there is disagreement about what the essential limiting factor really is. Does it come down to a dearth of storage capacity, or is it about how much attention a viewer is paying?A third limitation is that choosing a response to a stimulus -braking when you see a child in the road, for instance,or replying when your mother tells you over the phone that she's thinking of leaving your dad -also takes brainpower. Selecting a response to one of these things will delay by some tenths of a second your ability to respond to the other. This is called the "response selection bottleneck" theory, first proposed in 1952.Last December, Marois and his colleagues published a paper arguing that this bottleneck is in fact created in two different areas of the brain: one in the posterior lateral prefrontal cortex and another in the superior medial frontal cortex (Neuron, vol 52, p 1109). They found this by scanning people's brains with functional MRI while thesubjects struggled to choose among eight possible responses to each of two closely timed tasks. They discovered that these brain areas are not tied to any particular sense but are generally involved in selecting responses, and they seemed to queue these responses when presented with multiple tasks concurrently.Bottleneck? What bottleneck?But David Meyer, a psychologist at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, doesn't buy the bottleneck idea. He thinks dual-task interference is just evidence of a strategy used by the brain to prioritise multiple activities. Meyer is known as something of an optimist by his peers. He has written papers with titles like "Virtually perfect time-sharing in dual-task performance: Uncorking the central cognitive bottleneck" (Psychological Science, vol 12, p101). His experiments have shown that with enough practice -at least 2000 tries -some people can execute two tasks simultaneously as competently as if they were doing them one after the other. He suggests that there is a central cognitive processor that coordinates all this and, what's more, he thinks it uses discretion: sometimes it chooses to delay one task while completing another.Even with practice, not all people manage to achieve this harmonious time-share, however. Meyer argues that individual differences come down to variations in the character of the processor -some brains are just more "cautious", some more "daring". And despite urban legend, there are no noticeabledifferences between men and women. So, according to him, it's not a central bottleneck that causes dual-task interference, but rather "adaptive executive control", which "schedules task processes appropriately to obey instructions about their relative priorities and serial order".Marois agrees that practice can sometimes erase interference effects. He has found that with just 1 hour of practice each day for two weeks, volunteers show a huge improvement at managing both his tasks at once. Where he disagrees with Meyer is in what the brain is doing to achieve this. Marois speculates that practice might give us the chance to find less congested circuits to execute a task -rather like finding trusty back streets to avoid heavy traffic on main roads -effectively making our response to the task subconscious. After all, there are plenty of examples of subconscious multitasking that most of us routinely manage: walking and talking, eating and reading, watching TV and folding the laundry.But while some dual tasks benefit from practice, others simply do not. "Certain kinds of tasks are really hard to do two at once," says Pierre Jolicoeur at the University of Montreal, Canada, who also studies multitasking. Dual tasks involving a visual stimulus and skeletal-motor response (which he dubs "in the eye and out the hand") and an auditory stimulus with a verbal response ("in the ear and out the mouth") do seem to be amenable to practice, he says. Jolicoeur has found that with enough training such tasks can be performed as well together as apart. He speculates that the brain connections that they use may be somehow special, because we learn to speak by hearing and learn to move by looking. But pair visual input with a verbal response, or sound to motor, and there's no dramatic improvement. "It looks like no amount of practice will allow you to combine these," he says.For research purposes, these experiments have to be kept simple. Real-world multitasking poses much greater challenges. Even the upbeat Meyer is sceptical about how a lot of us live our lives. Instant-messaging and trying to do your homework? "It can't be done," he says. Conducting a job interview while answering emails? "There's no way you wind up being as good." Needless to say, there appear to be no researchers in the area of multitasking who believe that you can safely drive a car and carry on a phone conversation. In fact, last year David Strayer at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City reported that people using cellphones drive no better than drunks (Human Factors, vol 48, p 381). In another study, Strayer found that using a hands-free kit did not improve a driver's response time. He concluded that what distracts a driver so badly is the very act of talking to someone who isn't present in the car and therefore is unaware of the hazards facing the driver.“No researchers believe it's safe to drive a car and carry on a phone conversation”It probably comes as no surprise that, generally speaking, we get worse at multitasking as we age. According to Art Kramer at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, who studies how ageing affects our cognitive abilities, we peak in our 20s. Though the decline is slow through our 30s and on into our 50s, it is there; and after 55, it becomes more precipitous. In one study, he and his colleagues had both young and old participants do a simulated driving task while carrying on a conversation. He found that while young drivers tended to miss background changes, older drivers failed to notice things that were highly relevant. Likewise, older subjects had more trouble paying attention to the more important parts of a scene than young drivers.It's not all bad news for over-55s, though. Kramer also found that older people can benefit from practice. Not only did they learn to perform better, brain scans showed that underlying that improvement was a change in the way their brains become active.While it's clear that practice can often make a difference, especially as we age, the basic facts remain sobering. "We have this impression of an almighty complex brain," says Marois, "and yet we have very humbling and crippling limits." For most of our history, we probably never needed to do more than one thing at a time, he says, and so we haven't evolved to be able to. Perhaps we will in future, though. We might yet look back one day on people like Debbie and Alun as ancestors of a new breed of true multitaskers.答案回忆：Question 28-32Which paragraph contains the following information?28A theory explained delay happens when selecting one reaction H29Different age group responds to important things differently A30Conflicts happened when visual and radio elements emerge simultaneously G31An experiment designed to demonstrate the critical part in brain for multitasking E32 An viewpoint favors optimistic side of multitask performance FQuestion 33-35Choose the correct letter A, B, C or D33Which one is correct about experiment conducted by Rene Marois? CA participants performed poorly on listening task solelyB volunteers press different key on different colorC participants need use different fingers on different colored objectD they did a better job on Mixed image and sound information34Which statement is correct about the first limitation of Marois’ experiment? BA “attentional blink ”takes about ten secondsB lag occurs if we concentrate on one object while second one appearsC we always have trouble in reacting the second oneD first limitation can be avoided by certain measures35Which one is Notcorrect about Meyer’s experiment and statements? BA just after failure in several attempts can people execute dual-taskB practice can overcome dual-task interferenceC Meyer holds a different opinion on Marois’ theoryD an existing processor decides whether delay another task or notQuestion 36-40Do the following statement agree with the information given in the Reading Passage? (True, False or NotGiven)36Longer gap between two presenting tasks means shorter delay toward the second one. TRUE37Incapable in human memory cause people sometimes miss the differences when presented two similar images. NG38Marois has different opinions on the claim that training removes bottleneck effect. FALSE39Art Kraner proved there is a correlation between multi-tasking performance and genders. TRUE 40The author doesn’t believe that effect of practice could bring any variation. NG(答案仅供参考)参考文章:2020 年08 月01 日雅思写作机经考题回忆A 类小作文A 类大作文。
八月作文机经(8月1日 更新至8题)
八月作文机经更新日志8月1日更新至8题1、餐馆要加入连锁餐饮，因为1）low cost of supplies and advertising expenses. 攻击：因果：他因：地址，整体经济增长 2）连锁的服装店的成功：类比错误：服装连锁和餐饮连锁毛关系都没有！3）everything is equal 即便有关系，也无法保证M餐厅加入连锁后，未来会成功2、说的是什么近10年来，某种水果的价格上升，然而导致客观因素只有unfavorable weather。
所以政府应该对果农们采取措施，让他们降低价格。
The following is taken from an editorial in a local newspaper.“Over the past decade, the price per pound of citrus fruit has increased substantially.Eleven years ago, Megamart charged 5 cents apiece for lemons, but today itcommonly charges over 30 cents apiece. In only one of these last eleven years was the weather unfavorable for growing citrus crops. Evidently, then, citrus growershave been responsible for the excessive increase in the price of citrus fruit, and strict pricing regulations are needed to prevent them from continuing to inflate prices.”Discuss how well reasoned . . . etc.他因需求多于供给整体经济增长3、一个地区Hill Park District过去两年在三个产业（披萨、高尔夫，**）中增长迅速。
2015年全年雅思写作机经完整版
Flow Many schools encourage students to evaluate and criticize their teachers in order to improve the quality of education while others say this will lead to the loss of respect for teachers。Discuss both views and give your opinion. 5 月 21 日 Bar Nowadays,men and women in many countries decide to have babies at an older age.What are the reasons?What effects does this trend have on society and family life? 5 月 30 日 Bar Most countries believe that international tourism have hamful effects.Why do they think so?How to change their views? 6月6日 Map Some people prefer to provide help and support directly to those in their local communtiy who need it .Others, however prefer to give money to mational and international charithable organizations.Discuss both views and give your opinion. 6 月 13 日 Mixed(bar+pie) Because of traffic and housing problems in the cities,the government encourages business move to the rural area.Do you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages? 6 月 18 日 Table In some counteies,a high proprtion of criminal acts are committed by
剑桥雅思8Test1大作文范文
剑桥雅思8Test1大作文范文剑桥雅思8Test1大作文范文-教育类话题：一些人认为父母应该教育孩子成为优秀的社会成员,另外一些人认为,学校应该是承担这种教育的地方。
Some people believe parents should teach their children to be good members of society, but I and others think school is the main place for this to be taught.剑桥雅思8写作解析：题目分析,包括写作中需要涉及的要点以及考生可能对题目产生的错误理解。
1. 需要关注双方的观点。
2. 由于答案不可能是仅靠父母或学校就能教育孩子们成为一名优秀的社会成员,因此,选择陈述双方的观点会更容易些。
3.“优秀的社会成员”并没有界定。
但是,考生不必阐释出自己对其的定义。
建议的回答结构,对比此结构与考生有可能采用的不恰当结构。
这篇作文需要一个简短介绍和简要的结论。
正文应有两到三个段落,每段阐述一个要点。
考生可以选择三个及以上的段落,如果他们的文章超过300 个单词的话。
建议考生单独写一个段落来阐述与题目意见相反的观点,或者考生在正文各段中提及反方的观点。
考生写文章时要尽量避免观点过于极端,最好不要建议仅由父母或仅由学校承担教育孩子成为优秀的社会成员的重任。
名师点题剑桥雅思8作文（一）两篇观点不同的参考范文(250字—300字) 参考范文1——建议是学校Some people believe parents should teach their children to be good members of society, but I and others think school is the main place for this to be taught.The main reason why I think schools should primarily be responsible for teaching children to be good members of societyis that children spend more time at school with teachers than with their parents. The children are also in a formal learning environment. This combination provides more opportunities for teachers to show children how to behave as good members of society. The teachers can also ensure that all the children have the same chance to learn the same things about being good members of society.If parents are made more responsible for teaching their children to be good members of society, then many parents might find they do not have the time for this. Parents have many responsibilities such as work and taking care of the home. Of course, many parents will naturally prefer to do other things with their children, such as having fun and visiting places of interest. In addition, some parents might not be as experienced as teachers at teaching children, so the children might not learn as well as at school.There will always be plenty of parents who have the time, willingness and abilityto teach their children to be good members of society. However, many more will find it difficult and need extra help. Some will ask other parents or consult books or websites. I do not think there is anything wrong with this, but we should not assume that all parents will do it.In summary, I think parents will often teach their children to be good members of society, but this should mainly be done at schools.(294 words)名师点题剑桥雅思8作文（二）参考范文 2——建议是父母I think that the main responsibility for teaching children tobe good members of society lies with parents rather than schools and shall outline my reasons in this essay.I think that most parents know their children well enough to be able to teach them to be good members of society. At school, children are often in large classes and therefore do not receive so much individual attention. When teaching children to be good members of society, I think that this individual attention is important, because some will have learnt about membership of society and others not. The parents will generally know this and be able to fill a ny missing gaps in their child’s knowledge.Secondly, parents and their children will probably spend more time together in a variety of social situations, whereas teachers and their students spend most of their time together in the classroom. The variety of social situations gives the parents more teaching opportunities, for example while shopping, at public events and at family gatherings. Of course, these opportunities give children the chance to learn to be good members of society from other adults, not only from their parents.Thirdly, I believe that schools and teachers should focus on academic subjects. There is often little enough time for these at schools, so making parents responsible for non- academic things, such as teaching children to become good members of society is a good idea. However, there will be opportunities for teachers to point out in class how children can be good members of society, for example when teaching children about the environment.To conclude, I think there are clear advantages in having both parents and schools teach children how to be good members of society, but parents should take most of the responsibility.(294 words)更多剑8写作范文，请点击：剑8雅思写作范文。
雅思剑雅8t1大作文
雅思剑雅8t1大作文IELTS Writing Task 2 Sample Essay Some people think that parents should teach children how to be good members of society. Others, however, believe that schoolis the place to learn this. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. The debate surrounding the responsibility of instilling good citizenship inchildren is a multifaceted one, with proponents on both sides passionately advocating for the primacy of either the family or the school environment. While parents undeniably play a crucial role in shaping a child's character and moral compass, the structured learning environment of a school offers uniqueopportunities for developing social responsibility and civic engagement. Parents, as the primary caregivers and role models, exert a profound influence on their children's early development. From a tender age, children observe and internalize the values and behaviors exhibited by their parents, learning about respect, empathy, and responsibility through daily interactions and family traditions. The home environment provides a safe and nurturing space for children to practicesocial skills, learn conflict resolution, and develop a sense of belonging withina family unit. These foundational experiences lay the groundwork for understanding the importance of cooperation and contributing to a larger community. However, the role of the school in fostering good citizenship cannot be underestimated. Schools provide a structured environment where children interact with peers from diverse backgrounds, fostering tolerance, understanding, and the ability to navigate social differences. Curriculum incorporating civic education, community service projects, and extracurricular activities like student government provide practical opportunities for students to apply their knowledge, develop leadership skills, and actively participate in their communities. This hands-on experience, coupled with guidance from educators, equips students with a deeper understanding of their rights and responsibilities as citizens. Moreover, schools offer a broader perspective beyond the immediate family circle. Exposure to historical events, different cultures, and global issues through classroom discussions and educational resources encourages critical thinking and develops informed perspectives on societal challenges. The emphasis on collaboration and teamwork in school projects promotes a sense of collective responsibility, highlighting theinterconnectedness of individual actions and their impact on the wider community. It is crucial to acknowledge that the responsibility for nurturing responsible citizens does not solely rest with either parents or schools but necessitates a collaborative approach. Open communication and partnership between families and educational institutions can create a synergistic environment where valuesinstilled at home are reinforced and broadened within the school setting. Parents can actively engage with their children's education, supporting their involvement in school activities and reinforcing the importance of civic participation. Ultimately, both parents and schools share the vital responsibility of shaping young minds and instilling values of good citizenship. While the home environment provides the foundation for character development, schools offer a structured platform for expanding social awareness, developing civic skills, and fostering a sense of responsibility towards the community and the world at large. A collaborative effort between these two crucial influences is paramount to ensure that future generations are equipped to contribute meaningfully to society.。
2019年8月8日-13日雅思写作预测20题及语料库(英语学习).doc
2019年8月8日/13日雅思写作预测20题及语料库（英语学习）2019年8月1日雅思写作为意料以外，情理之中。
能源短缺的原因以及解决策略为雅思题库淡水短缺的原因和解决策略的改写，经典旧题，改写重现。
8月1日之前连续考察双边讨论和是否同意，因此，8月1日理应考察分析问题或者利弊讨论。
8月1日小作文出现地图，也体现数据类和非数据类均衡考察的特征，因此，童鞋应该全面备考。
针对8月8日和8月13日的备考：利弊讨论;两种观点讨论为一类备考热点焦角度，是否同意一种观点，分析问题解决问题为二类备考热点角度。
雅思写作的热点:一类题目会集中在：教育类;科技类;社会类;广告类;犯罪类;环保类;政府类。
二类的热点：工作选择类; 交通能源类;文化抽象;古老建筑等;本篇预测覆盖雅思四种经典提问角度，七大类热点话题，是全面备考。
在8月8日以及接下来的备考中，手机利弊，网络购物的利弊，网络办公的利弊，远程教育的利弊，电视话题为遗漏很久的话题，要重点备考。
雅思写作一般和是年轻人的成长和选择息息相关的题目，或者是考查年轻人对于社会热点问题的关注和理解。
题目出现，必须让年轻人有话可说，引起共鸣。
写作难点：1. 没有观点2. 没有语言3. 表达精彩写作策略：精彩的语料库的输入到输出：一类重点：(10题)【工作类】：An increasing number of people change their career and place of residence several times during their life. Is this a positive or negative development 在一生中，很多选择改变他们的事业和居住地，这是积极的还是消极的(多元职业和候鸟生活的利弊)【薛鹏点评】：简单的利弊讨论作家立场：候鸟生活和多元职业是利大于弊背景信息：英美人不是做一份工作终老一生，一生中会去很多城市生活，做很多份工作。
雅思剑8 TEST1作文
剑8 TEST1Some people think that parents should teach children how to be good members of society. Others, however, believe that school is the place to learn this.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.Nowadays, there is a debate who should be the moral teacher to the children. Some people consider that it is the parents’ duty to teach them. While, others hold the different view that school should burden the responsibility to let the children learn how to be good members of society. From my perspective, I suppose both have a deep impact on children.On the part of the parents, it is from their father and mother that children get a general idea of society at the beginning stage of their life. As is known to us, first impression is of great importance. Thus, parents should bear in mind that they might impart something helpful and beneficial on the children in their early childhood, which helps to shape their correct value of society and life. What’s more, parents, themselves may be the most influential role model in children’s eye so that parents should pay more attention to their own behavior and words. Therefore, parents shall educate children to be good members through the information they conveyed as well as their own behaviors.On the other hand, some are in favor of the opinion that school should provide a platform for children in terms of their morality. First, teacher refers to an authority in children’s view. Therefore, children are willing to obey what teacher told to them. Regarding to this, we may be sure that the teachers in the school shall be play a wholesome role in children’s growth. Furthermore, school is the place children make communication with others. Through the interaction, children may learn the merits from their peers as well as avoid the demerits, which is more persuasive.To conclude, I believe that combining the parents and the school may be the most effective way to help children shape their good personality and contribute a lot to the society.。
雅思8test1作文
雅思8test1作文英文回答：In the realm of education, the debate over the relative merits of rote learning and critical thinking has been a long-standing one. While rote learning involves the memorization of facts and information, critical thinking emphasizes the development of analytical and problem-solving abilities. Both approaches have their own strengths and weaknesses, and the most effective educational system would likely incorporate elements of both.Rote learning can be advantageous in situations where memorization is essential, such as in the study of vocabulary, formulas, or historical dates. It provides a foundation of knowledge upon which critical thinking can be built. However, rote learning can also lead to superficial understanding and a lack of conceptual comprehension.Critical thinking, on the other hand, fosters deeperengagement with the material and encourages students to question, analyze, and evaluate information. It develops skills that are essential not only in academic settings but also in the workplace and in everyday life. Critical thinking allows individuals to make informed decisions, solve problems effectively, and adapt to changing circumstances.Ultimately, the choice between rote learning andcritical thinking should depend on the specific learning objectives and the level of cognitive development of the students. For young learners, rote learning can provide a necessary foundation, while for more advanced learners, critical thinking can become the primary focus.中文回答：教育领域中，关于死记硬背和批判性思维的相对优势一直存在争论。
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8月1日雅思写作真题及
2015年8月1日雅思写作真题及范文
The following two maps present the information of the layout of two potential plans for a training session.
Plan A layout is designed with the maximum capacity of ten people. More specifically, a white board is located not far away from the entrance, beside which there is a platform with a president’s chair. A table with four chairs lies opposite the whiteboard, flanking by two tables with three chairs on each side. Behind the table with four seats is a morning team table, which could be used for relaxation.
Compared with Plan A, the layout of Plan B is more compact, making it possible to accommodate more than 10 people. Two morning tea tables are sited in the top left corner of the training session. In the middle of the session lies a white board, to which a platform with president chair is adjacent. The platform is surrounded with three tables in three directions, forming a shape of a rectangle.
Overall, the layout for Plan A is more spacious, while the layout of Plan B is more space-effective.
以下两个地图的布局两个潜在的信息训练的计划。
规划布局设计的最大容量10人。
更具体地说,一个白板离门口不远的地方,旁边是一个平台与总统的椅子上。
一张桌子和四把椅子是相反的白板,侧翼的两张桌子和三把椅子。
后面4个席位的表是一个早上团队表,可用于放松。
与计划相比,B计划的布局更加紧凑,从而能够容纳超过10人。
两个早茶表是建立在左上角的`训练。
中间的会话是一个白板,一个平台与总统椅子是相邻的。
平台与三个表在三个方向包围,形成了一个长方形的形状。
总的来说,计划一个更宽敞的布局,而B计划的布局更节省空间。