完形填空中常见逻辑连接词

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完形填空常见五种逻辑关系

完形填空常见五种逻辑关系

完形填空常见五种逻辑关系-CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN从完型填空的命题形式来看,每个空都不是孤立存在的,而是处在一整篇文章的大背景之中的。

从这个角度来说,完型文章实际上是由已知信息和未知信息构成。

通过相关已知信息提供的线索进行分析总结,结合选项定位出答案,这就是完型解题的基本方法。

而相关已知信息一般在上下句之中,而上下句之间往往有明显的逻辑关系,因此熟练把握这种逻辑关系就成为解题的关键所在。

逻辑关系题是完型填空的重要考查点,且容易得分,故成为完型的重要得分点。

完型中主要考察的五大逻辑关系为:对立关系、因果关系、并列关系、总分关系和递进关系。

一、对立关系包括让步和转折关系,常见的标志词和短语:but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, unfortunately, although, even though, nevertheless, in spite of, regardless of, anyhow, instead of, rather than, not…but等。

如2000年完型第41题:He must store a large quantity of grain ___ consuming all his grain immediately.[A]other than [B]as well as[C]instead of[D]more than答案:C解析:此处考查的是逻辑关系,需要根据空前和空后来判断。

空前“储存了大量粮食”与空后“消耗所有粮食”形成对立关系,选C instead of。

二、因果关系常用的标志词和短语有:because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so…that, such…that, in order that, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, in response to, on account of, because of, considering that, seeing that, in that, now that, lest, as a result, for this reason等。

解答完形填空需考虑的十种逻辑关系

解答完形填空需考虑的十种逻辑关系

解答完形填空需考虑的十种逻辑关系1因果关系文中前后句之间是因果关系时,两句之间往往有表示原因和结果的关联词,如:because, so, as a result等;但是,有时两句之间却没有表示因果的信号词,这时前后句之间存在着一种隐性的因果关系。

[例1] He might not have done this particularly well, 46 the teacher told Gabriel that he had a good ear and suggested that Gabriel go into the music store-room to see if any of the instruments there appealed to him. (2017年江苏卷)46. A. because B. butC. thoughD. so解析:本题考查表示前后句之间逻辑关系的连接词。

句意:他也许弹(钢琴)得并不特别好,因为老师说他对音乐的领悟能力不错,并建议他去乐器贮藏室看看是否有令他喜欢的乐器。

他弹得不够好,也许是因为钢琴不太适合他,是因果关系,故选A。

[例2] They saw a man 36 out of a garbage can. She asked her mother why he did that and her mother said that the man was homeless and hungry. (2017年北京卷)36. A. jumping B. eatingC. cryingD. waving解析:后一句中的“the man was homeless and hungry(这个男人无家可归且饥肠辘辘)”表示原因,本句表示结果,即前果后因。

由因推果,可知“他们看见一个男人正在捡垃圾桶里的食物吃”,故选B。

2条件关系条件关系就是指从句提出一种条件,主句说明在这种条件下产生的结果。

考研英语完形填句常考的逻辑关系词

考研英语完形填句常考的逻辑关系词
7)Intensification:
indeed, in fact, in any event / case, at no time, to tell the truth
做完型填空,需要把握各段落、句子之间的逻辑关系,这样才能加深对文章的全面理解,因此,应熟记表达各种不同逻辑关系的连词,这些逻辑关系词主要包括:
③下定义时所伴随的过度词:namely, in other words, that is to say, or rather
完形填空中要注意的连接词与连接语
一般把连接词与连接语分为以下三类:
1.表明事件发生的时间顺序:
then, first, at once, next, after that, previously, while, when, the following day, etc.
词要用虚拟语气,其形式为动词过去式。
例如:I’d rather you went by train, because I can’t bear the idea of your being in an airplane in such bad
weather.
③ 与“would rather”类似的句型还有
3)Effect:
as a result, hence, therefore, consequently, thus, so, etc.
4)Contrasting:
in / by contrast, on the contrary, on the other hand, nevertheless, whereas, while, yet, however, but, etc.
考研英语完形填句常考的逻辑关系词

高考完形填空的四种逻辑

高考完形填空的四种逻辑

完形填空四种逻辑转折逻辑1.文中转折:当上下文中出现but, yet, however, nevertheless(nonetheless), though,while, whereas,by(in) contrast, in comparison, conversely,on the contrary, despite,in spite of,instead,rather than等表示转折关系的词时。

2.选项转折:当选项中出现but,yet,however,nevertheless,though,despite,in spite of 等字样时。

Nevertheless ADV You use nevertheless when saying something that contrasts with what has just been said.然而例:Although the market has been flat, residential property costs remain high. Nevertheless, the fall-off in demand has had an impact on resale values.尽管市场一直疲软,房价持续偏高。

然而需求的减少还是对二手房价格产生了影响。

Whereas而(引导与主句内容相对比的评论)CONJ例:Benefits are linked to inflation, whereas they should be linked to the cost of living.救济金与通货膨胀联系了起来,而它们应该与生活费用挂钩。

Conversely 相反地ADV例:Malaysia and Indonesia rely on open markets for forest and fishery products. Conversely, some Asian countries are highly protectionist.马来西亚和印度尼西亚依靠开放的市场获取林业和渔业产品。

完形填空逻辑关系整理

完形填空逻辑关系整理

完形填空逻辑关系整理一、逻辑关系题1.对立关系【前后内容的含义相互对立】●表示对立关系的标志词汇:while,whereas,unlike,contrary to,in contrast (to),rather than,on the contrary,by contrast, of,not...but...,against,ignore,conversely,opposite等2.转折关系【对立关系的一种】●与对立关系的区别:对立关系的两方完全相反,转折关系只要前后意思不一致即可●表示转折关系的标志词汇:but,however,yet,nevertheless,while,otherwise等●说明:由于转折关系以及让步关系都可以属于对立关系,所以表示这三种关系的部分标志词汇有时可以通用3.让步关系【对立关系的一种;让步即为退一步说,即使条件变了也不影响结果】●比转折关系的程度要浅一些●表示让步关系的标志词汇:although,though,while,even,even though,evenif,in spite of,anyway,despite,regardless of等4.一致性关系【前后内容表意一致,如并列关系】●并列关系●与对立、转折、让步关系相反,只要文章前后句语义一致,便是并列关系。

或者,只要看到表示并列关系的标志词汇,就可以判断出文章前后句的语义一致●表示并列关系的标志词汇:also,besides,along with,indeed,and,likewise,or,not only...but also...,(n)either...(n)or...,that is to say,similarly,in the same way,the same as,as well as,like,meanwhile等●其他一致性关系【没有表示并列关系的词汇,也没有表示对立、转折、让步等关系的标志词汇时,基本可以判定上下文之间存在一致性】●上下文语义一致【没有对立、转折、让步等逻辑关系时,可以默认上下文之间为并列或顺承关系,即上下文语义一致】●前后词类一致【在某一特定场景下用到同一类词】●感情色彩一致●同义复现【上下文中出现过与空格里所需选择的词相一致的词语或者与空格所在句子相一致的句型】5.递进关系【并列关系的一种,程度更深】●表示递进关系的标志词汇:indeed,above all,furthermore,what's more,moreover,still(与比较级连用时),instead,even,in particular等6.因果关系【包括因和果两个部分】●表原因:because,in that,now that,since,as,for,after all,as a result of,considering that,seeing that等●表结果:so(...) that(...),such that,as a result,lead to,consequently,therefore,hence,thus,so等7.总分关系/举例关系#非常重要●前后讲的是同一件事情,前面总述(通常有复数名词),后面分述(通常有单数名词),或者前后是同一个范畴内的事物,前总后分;或前面提到了一个较为抽象的事物或概念,后面将其具体化,实现从抽象到具体的过程●表示总分关系的标志词汇:for example,for instance,such as,to illustrate,like(比如),to take an example,let’s imagine,more specifically speaking,according to,in particular(放在例子后)等8.条件关系【一部分提到了某个条件或假设,其他部分则说明在这种条件或假设下会产生何种结果】●表示条件关系的标志词汇:if,so long as,only if,unless,as long as,supposethat,supposing,provided that,in case,when,with等9.列举关系●表示列举关系的标志词汇:first,second,last,to begin with/to continue,next,first/then,on one hand/on the other hand,for one thing/for another,one/another,some/others/still others等10.解题方法●同义相斥原则(看选项)●while,whereas都表示对立关系,但同时出现时,因为while比whereas更正式,故选择while●indeed和其他表示递进关系的标志词汇相比,更加注重强调,因此当逻辑关系是递进逻辑时,选择indeed●not题:在空格(题目)前后出现“not”单词●选择表示对立/转折/让步关系的标志词汇●除第一段以外的段首如果让填逻辑关系词,则选择对立关系词;若无对立关系词选项,则选择递进关系词●如果逻辑关系词前后内容有包容性,即总分关系,则选择举例关系词二、动词题1.根据主语和宾语的逻辑关系做题2.看主语—是人还是物●主语必须是人的动词:doubt,intend,require,regard,be impressed by,believe,notice等●主语必须是物的动词:manifest等●主语可以是人或物的动词:show等3.看宾语—是人还是物●只能跟人作宾语的谓语动词:assure,impress,side with(赞同),share with等●可跟人跟物的动词:ensure,agree with等●说明:在确定选项范围缩小至assure与ensure时,选择ensure;同理,在确定选项范围缩小至side with与agree with时,选择agree with4.看宾语—是抽象名词还是具体名词●抽象名词作宾语:enhance(quality)等●具体名词作宾语:fasten(系紧),label(贴标签),feed等●宾语既可以是抽象名词也可以是具体名词:tighten等●说明:在确定范围缩小至fasten与tighten时,选择tighten5.根据动词后的介词及介词后的宾语三、形容词题1.形容词作定语时,形容词修饰的名词是解题线索2.形容词作表语时,主语就是解题线索3.形容词修饰名词时,并且名词后有定语或同位语,则形容词修饰的名词、名词后的定语或同位语同时作为解题线索4.副词修饰形容词时,副词就是解题线索四、名词题1.名词作主语时,谓语和宾语就是解题线索2.名词作宾语时,主语和谓语就是解题线索3.名词作表语时,主语就是解题线索4.名词被定语修饰时,定语就是解题线索5.介词后填名词时,通常考察固定搭配五、副词题1.根据副词所修饰的对象来做题2.根据副词所在语境来做题3.根据文章中心来做题。

中考完形填空中的逻辑关系与上下文连贯技巧

中考完形填空中的逻辑关系与上下文连贯技巧

中考完形填空中的逻辑关系与上下文连贯技巧完形填空作为中考英语考试的一项重要题型,要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系选择合适的词语或短语填入空白处,使文章内容通顺连贯。

掌握一些逻辑关系和上下文连贯的技巧对于正确解答完形填空题具有重要意义。

本文将介绍一些常见的逻辑关系和上下文连贯的技巧,帮助同学们在中考中取得更好的成绩。

一、递进关系递进关系是指文章中的信息或观点逐步发展或加深的关系。

在解答完形填空题的过程中,我们通常需要注意寻找递进关系,选择与前文逻辑上衔接的选项。

例如:Once upon a time, there was a boy named Jack. Jack lived with his parents in a small village. He was very poor, but he was also very kind and brave. One day, he found a bag of gold coins in the woods.1._______________根据第二句话中的信息,这是个关于描写Jack的人物形象的故事。

我们需要选择一个递进关系,与Jack拾金不昧的品质相符。

A. He was surprised and decided to keep it for himself.B. He was dishonest and decided to sell them for a lot of money.C. He was honest and decided to return it to its owner.D. He was scared and decided to throw it away.答案:C二、因果关系因果关系是指一个事件或情况导致另一个事件或情况发生的关系。

在完形填空题中,我们需要通过观察文中的因果关系,选择能够使文章逻辑连贯的选项。

例如:Last summer, I went to the beach with my family. We had a great time swimming and building sandcastles. However, I didn't put on enough sunscreen. The sun was very strong that day and as a result,2._______________通过观察“sun was very strong”和“didn't put on enough sunscreen”两句之间的因果关系,我们需要选择一个可以表达“因为没有涂防晒霜,所以结果发生了什么”这个逻辑关系的选项。

高中英语解答完形填空需考虑的十种逻辑关系

高中英语解答完形填空需考虑的十种逻辑关系

解答完形填空需考虑的十种逻辑关系1因果关系文中前后句之间是因果关系时,两句之间往往有表示原因和结果的关联词,如:because, so, as a result等;但是,有时两句之间却没有表示因果的信号词,这时前后句之间存在着一种隐性的因果关系。

[例1] He might not have done this particularly well, 46 the teacher told Gabriel that he had a good ear and suggested that Gabriel go into the music store-room to see if any of the instruments there appealed to him. (2017年江苏卷)46. A. because B. butC. thoughD. so解析:本题考查表示前后句之间逻辑关系的连接词。

句意:他也许弹(钢琴)得并不特别好,因为老师说他对音乐的领悟能力不错,并建议他去乐器贮藏室看看是否有令他喜欢的乐器。

他弹得不够好,也许是因为钢琴不太适合他,是因果关系,故选A。

[例2] They saw a man 36 out of a garbage can. She asked her mother why he did that and her mother said that the man was homeless and hungry. (2017年北京卷)36. A. jumping B. eatingC. cryingD. waving解析:后一句中的“the man was homeless and hungry(这个男人无家可归且饥肠辘辘)”表示原因,本句表示结果,即前果后因。

由因推果,可知“他们看见一个男人正在捡垃圾桶里的食物吃”,故选B。

2条件关系条件关系就是指从句提出一种条件,主句说明在这种条件下产生的结果。

完形填空中常用连接词

完形填空中常用连接词

.;. 完型填空中的常用连接词表因/果:because, since, as, for, in that, owing to, due to, for the reason that..., in view of / so, as a result, therefore, hence, accordingly, thus, consequently, as a consequence,表递进:also, besides, moreover, furthermore, in addition, apart from+/n./, in particular, especially, what's more,表对比对照:while, by contrast, by comparison, on the other hand, as,just as,conversely,oppositely,on the contrary,instead of,rather than, similarly, in the same way, unlike/like,表条件:unless, once, provided that, suppose, supposing, in case (of)表转折:but, however, nevertheless, on the contrary (正相反),though,whereas,although,yet,otherwise,or else, on the other hand,after all,for all,still,whereas(然而)表选择:or,表否定:instead of, rather than表让步:though, although, despite, in spite of, after all, even though, even if, while,whereas(既然) , regardless of表强调:in fact, especially, particularly, naturally, what is more important, in reality, indeed, in particular, not to mention..., believe it or not, definitely, undoubtedly, in any event(不论怎样), without reservation(毫无保留地), obviously,表附加说明解释、例证:likewise(同样地),similarly,for example,for instance,incidentally(附带地),indeed,in fact,in other words,in particular,specifically,or rather, that is(to say),namely, to illustrate, to put it another way等。

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完形填空中常见逻辑连接词
并列关系:and, or
转折关系:but, however, nevertheless, whereas, while
让步关系:although, though, despite, in spite of
因果关系:due to, owing to, thanks to, because of, because, since, as, for, so, therefore, thus, as a result
条件关系:if, whether, unless, provided that, providing that, suppose that, supposing that
解释关系:i.e., for example, for instance, in other words, that is to say
顺序关系:before, after, first, second, then, next, finally
附录1:引导状语从句的连接词
1、时间状语从句:When(当……的时候), while(当……的时候),whenever(每当), as (当……时), since(自从), until(直到), till(直到), before(在……前), after(在……后), as soon as, the moment, immediately, the day, no sooner…than,
hardly/scarcely…when, the instant, instantly , directly, the minute, the second, (一……就)every time(每当), by the time(等到……的时候), once(一旦)
2、原因状语从句:Because(因为),since(既然,由于),as(因为),now that(既然),seeing that(既然),considering that(考虑到,因为),in that(因为),in view of(鉴于)
3、条件转语从句:If(如果),unless(除非,如果不), providing(假如), so long as(只要), on condition that(条件是), suppose that(假如), in case(如果), only if(只要), if only(但愿,要是……就好了)
4、让步状语从句:Thought(虽然), although(虽然), even if(即使), as(尽管), while(尽管),whatever(无论什么), wherever(无论哪里), whoever(无论谁), however(无论怎样), no matter(不论,不管), for all that (尽管), granted that(即使), in spite of (尽管), despite(不管)
5、目的状语从句:In order that, so that(为了,以便);lest,in case(以防,以免)
6、结果状语从句:So that, so……that, such……that, to such a degree(如此……以致于;结果)。

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