动词不定式的被动语态
动词不定式的被动语态
省略to的动词不定式在被动语态中如何应用,to该如何还原?
感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to ，但变为被动语态时，须加上to 。
例：make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something
see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something
A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed b y.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.
The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.
带有to的不定式怎样变被动语态?
比如:People oughtn't to criticze her for this matter.
ought to do中，to do并不是不定式，ought to 应看作一个整体，相当于一个情态动词，所以这个句子变不定式应按情态动词的变法：
can do --> can be done
ought to do --> ought to be done
People oughtn't to criticze her for this matter.
-->
She oughtn't to be criticized (by people) for this matter.。
英语语法之动词不定式
动词不定式语态
注意：1) 其他系动词如，look，appear等也可用于此句型 2) 不定式作为句子成分时，动词用单数形式。 3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is… to…的句型 (对)To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。 (错)It is to believe to see.
动词不定式时态
1) 现在时：一般现在时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。 He seems to know this. I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again. 我希望再见到你。
注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。 TБайду номын сангаасe question is how to put it into practice. 问题是怎样把它付诸实施。
3)当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时，先用形式宾语it代替不定式，把不定式置于补语之后，即：主语＋动 词＋it＋补语＋to do句式。如： We think it quite important for us to learn a foreignlanguage well. He feels it his duty to help the poor. I find it difficult to learn English well.
被动语态详解
【被动语态详解】一、巧记各种时态的被动语态被动语态基本形式： be + done一般现在时: am, is, are + done一般过去时: was, were + done一般将来时: will + be doneam, is, are going to + be done过去将来时：would + be donewas, were going to + be done现在进行时: am, is, are + being done过去进行时: was, were + being done现在完成时: have, has + been done过去完成时: had + been done不定式：to be done介词：如without being done情态动词：can,may,must,should be done【点拨】1.被动语态是在主语和谓语动词之间存在逻辑上的被动关系时才使用的一种语态。
2.各种时态的被动语态都有一个明显的特点，既要体现出本时态，又要用上被动语态的基本形式be done。
现在进行时的被动语态构成是am, is, are + being done，可以这样理解：首先，它必须是现在进行时am, is, are + doing，同时它又必须是被动语态be done，所以be动词在现在进行时和被动语态之间起了一个衔接作用，即用being，这样being就把二者有机结合起来。
所以现在进行时的被动语态形式必须是也只能是am, is, are + being done。
同理可推出，现在完成时的被动语态形式应该是：既得是现在完成时have, has + done，又得是被动语态be done，所以be动词只有用过去分词been 才能把二者有机结合起来，即：have, has + been done。
其它时态的被动语态依此类推。
3.有些时态可以运用对比记忆法。
如现在进行时与过去进行时，一般将来时与过去将来时，现在完成时与过去完成时等只是在助动词上有所不同。
不定式在被动语态中的成分-充当成分-用法
不定式在被动语态中的成分-充当成分-用法当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的宾语或承当者时，这个不定式要用被动语态。
(一般时态通常表示将来的动作;完成时态表示发生在谓语之前的动作)。
不定式的被动形式在句中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、主补语、宾补语、定语、动名词等。
1.用作主语。
例如：It is an honour for me to be invited to the party.我被邀请参加晚会，这是个荣幸的事。
2.用作表语。
例如：Nothing seems to have been forgotten.仿佛一切都记忆犹新。
The problem remains to be further discussed in detail.这个问题尚必须进一步具体讨论。
3.用作宾语。
例如：She asked to be sent to our college.她请求派到我们学院。
The students wanted to be given more experiments to do.同学们想多给些实验做。
More than half a century after his death，he continues to be read and quoted.他去世已经半个多世纪，他的著作持续为人们阅读和引用。
4.用作主语补语。
例如：Transistors are known to be widely used in radio industry.晶体管被公认广泛用到无线电工业中。
This book is said to have been translated into English.据说这本书已经译成〔英语〕。
5.用作宾语补语。
例如：He did not like his intention to be laughed at.他不喜爱自己的意图受到讥笑。
6.用作定语。
例如：This question will be discussed at the conference to be held next month.这个问题将在下月举行的会议上讨论。
不定式的被动形式用法
不定式的被动形式用法1. 概念理解英语被动语态的基本结构是“be+过去分词”，由此我们可以推出不定式被动式的构成即为“to be+过去分词”，如to be sold, to be studied, to be seen, to be given等等。
我们在学习英语语态时知道，只有及物动词才有被动语态，同样地，对于不定式来说，也只有及物动词的不定式才有被动式。
如果是不及物动词的不定式要用于被动式，要注意在其后加上合适的介词。
如：他不喜欢自己的想法受到嘲笑。
误：He did not like his idea to be laughed.正：He did not like his idea to be laughed at.2. 用法说明不定式到底用主动形式还是被动形式，往往取决于句子的意思，即意思上为主动就用主动形式，意思上为被动就用被动形式。
如：I wish to be excused. 我请求原谅。
“请求原谅”其实就是指“请求被原谅”，所以不定式要用被动式。
I had to shout to be heard. 我必须叫喊对方才能听得见。
“大声叫”的目的是什么？就是为了被别人听见，所以不定式要用被动式。
Rules were made to be broken. 定了规则就准备有人违反。
.根据常识可知，“规则”与“违反”之间是被动关系，所以不定式用被动式。
He was the last person to be asked to speak. 他是最后一个应邀请发言的人。
“应邀发言”实际意思是“被邀请发言”，所以不定式用被动式。
3. 主动表被动一般说来，表示主动意义，不定式用主动式；表示被动意义，不定式用被动式。
但是，有个别时候，虽然意义上是被动的，但不定式却要用主动式。
如：The house is to let. 此屋出租。
在英语中，to let, to blame这两个不定式在用作表语时，习惯上是用主动形式表示被动意义。
动词不定式的主动与被动形式
动词不定式的主动与被动形式动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，它由动词原形加上不定式符号“to”构成。
在英语中，动词不定式的形式可以分为主动和被动两种形式，分别用来表示动作的主动或者受动关系。
本文将重点探讨动词不定式的主动与被动形式及其用法。
一、动词不定式的主动形式动词不定式的主动形式表示动作由主语主动完成。
它的一般形式是“to + 动词原形”，例如：1. I want to learn to play the guitar.（我想学弹吉他。
）2. She needs to work hard to achieve her goals.（她需要努力工作以实现她的目标。
）3. They decided to go on a vacation together.（他们决定一起去度假。
）动词不定式的主动形式常常用来表示目的、意图、计划等。
二、动词不定式的被动形式动词不定式的被动形式表示动作的受动关系，即动作的承受者是主语。
在使用被动形式时，需要在“to”之后加上动词的被动形式，即“tobe + 过去分词”，例如：1. She hopes to be invited to the party.（她希望被邀请参加派对。
）2. They want to be recognized for their achievements.（他们希望因他们的成就而受到认可。
）3. He pretended to be surprised when he heard the news.（他假装听到消息后感到惊讶。
）被动形式通常用来表示动作的客观存在、被动接受等。
三、动词不定式主动与被动形式的用法1. 用于目的和意图动词不定式的主动形式常用于表示目的和意图，强调主语的主动性。
例如：- I bought a book to improve my English.（我买了一本书来提高我的英语水平。
）- He practices yoga every day to stay healthy.（他每天练习瑜伽保持健康。
非谓语动词的主动与被动形式
非谓语动词的主动与被动形式非谓语动词是指不具备时态和人称语态的动词形式，包括不定式、动名词和分词。
其中，不定式的主动形式为"to + 动词原形"，被动形式为"to be + 动词过去分词"，动名词的主动形式为"动词原形 + -ing"，被动形式为"being + 动词过去分词"，分词的主动形式为"动词过去分词"，被动形式为"动词过去分词 + being"。
非谓语动词的主动形式可以表示主动的意义，强调动作的执行者和动作本身，常用于主动语态的句子中。
而被动形式则强调动作的承受者和动作的结果，常用于被动语态的句子中。
一、不定式的主动与被动形式不定式是最常见的非谓语动词形式之一，它通常由"to + 动词原形"构成，表示目的、愿望、感觉、建议、能力等含义。
其主动形式为"to+ 动词原形"，被动形式为"to be + 动词过去分词"。
例如：- 主动形式：I want to learn English.（我想学英语。
）- 被动形式：I need to be taught by a professional teacher.（我需要由专业的教师来教。
）二、动名词的主动与被动形式动名词是以"-ing"结尾的动词形式，它可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。
其主动形式为"动词原形 + -ing"，被动形式为"being + 动词过去分词"。
例如：- 主动形式：Playing basketball is my favorite hobby.（打篮球是我最喜欢的爱好。
）- 被动形式：Being praised by the teacher made him happy.（被老师表扬使他很开心。
动词不定式的被动式
被动语态〔一〕语态是动词的一种形式，用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。
英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
★常用的几种时态的被动语态及含有情态动词的被动语态的构成形式★动词不定式的被动式【语境展示】观察下面各句中动词不定式的被动式的用法，然后加以总结。
1. It's nice to be wanted.2. The books are to be sent to the young children.3. She didn't like to be treated as a child.4. The question to be discussed at the next meeting will be a hard nut to crack.5. They were shipped to America to be sold as slaves.6. He didn't want the subject to be mentioned in the letter.7. Forty-one people are said to have been seriously hurt in the accident.【自我归纳】1. 当动词不定式与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系时，要用不定式的被动式。
动词不定式的被动式有两种：①一般式的被动式：to be done〔句1-句6〕；②完成式的被动式：________〔句7〕。
2. 动词不定式的被动式在句中可以作主语〔句1〕、表语〔句2〕、宾语〔句3〕、________〔句4〕、状语〔句5〕、宾语补足语〔句6〕、主语补足语〔句7〕。
【自我归纳】to have been done；定语【即学即练】I. 用括号内动词的正确形式填空。
1. We’re having a meeting this afternoon. The decision ________ (make) at the meeting will influence the future of our company.2. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ________ (see) whether they will enjoy it.3. My friend didn’t want the subject ________ (mention) in the letter.4. The machine doesn’t work. It seems ________ (damage).5. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ________ (tell) the film star had left. II. 用括号内动词的正确形式完成下面短文。
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动词不定式的被动语态一、复习各种时态的被动语态★被动语态的基本结构: be+ done以 the book , publish 为例：一般现在/过去时： The book_______________________________.一般/过去将来时: The book _________________________________.The book __________________________________.现在/过去进行时：The book ___________________________________.现在/过去完成时:The book _____________________________________.情态动词： The book _____________________________________.二：动词不定式的被动语态1. 动词不定式的被动语态有两种形式：1）一般式（not/never ）to be done2）完成式 (not/ never)to have been done （表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前）2. 动词不定式的被动语态在句子中的作用1）做主语（常用it做形式主语）To be offered sympathy by a robot is ridiculous.(或者：____________________________________________________)被邀请参加这个亚运会开幕式，是一大荣幸。
__________________________________________________________________ 2）做表语The party is to be held next Saturday evening.明年，这种新药将在500个过度肥胖的人上进行试验。
_________________________________________________________________ 3）做宾语She didn’t like to be treated as a child.He pretended to have been beaten by his step-father..这位职员不希望被她的顾客嘲笑。
__________________________________________________________________ 4）做宾语补足语Tony expected the house to be completely transformed.这个残疾的孩子希望由这个主建筑师来设计这座电影院。
_________________________________________________________________ 5）做定语What a victory to be envied by those women!英国人对即将在伦敦举行的奥运会感到骄傲。
__________________________________________________________________6）做状语All these gifts must be mailed immediately so as to be received in time for Christmas.他匆忙赶到订票处（booking office）却被告知所有的票都卖完了。
________________________________________________________________3. 在下列情况中用不定式的主动形式表示被动意思。
1) 不定式作后置定语，与被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，但又与该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时He has nothing to eat. (分析： eat (动→nothing宾 / he 主→eat 谓) I will give you a book to read .(分析： _____ 动→____宾/ _____主→_____谓)这个优雅的女人有事情要宣布。
_______________________________________________________________★注意：若句子的主语并非不定式的逻辑主语时，不定式则必须用被动式比较： I have a lot of letters to type . (我有很多信件要打印：I will type the letter)I have a lot of letters to be typed. (意思为： I get sb. to type the letter)I’ll go to New York. Have you anything __________(take) to your wife thereDo you have any clothes _____________(wash), sir” asked the maidI cannot go out now as I have a lot of clothes _____________(wash)2) 在“主语+表语（形容词）to do”中，主语也是不定式的逻辑宾语,即不定式动词和主语之间是动宾关系。
This question is easy to answer. （分析：answer (动)------this question （宾））★注意：如果动词为不及物动词，则要注意介词的搭配。
John is difficult to deal with. （分析：_________(动)----____________(宾)）这扶手椅坐起来很舒服。
____________________________________________这题目很难算出来。
_____________________________________________3. There be 结构中，用不定式的主动和被动式来修饰主语，区别不大。
There is a lot of work to do / to be done. (多用主动形式)没有什么可担心的。
_______________________________________________练习一、填空. (请用to do , to be doing, to have done, to be done, to have been done )1.It will take several weeks for your computer to___________________(repair)2.I knew him _____________________(catch) by the police.3. A vote is required _____________________(take) in our company at once.4.This makes it possible for them ________(make) metals into anyrequired shapes5.Dick sped on the motorway only _______________(fine)6.When some money went missing from the bank, Thomas was believed __———____________________(steal) it.7.The book is said to ______________________(translate) into severallanguages.8.I feel greatly honored __________________(welcome) into theirsociety .e on! It is an easy sentence ________________(translate).10.When I came in, he pretended to ____________________.(read)11.All these gifts must be mailed immediately______________________(receive) in time for Christmas.12.Mrs Smith warned her daughter ______________(not drive) afterdrinking.13.Hearing the good news, he was too excited _______________(speak).14.It happened ____________________(rain) when I got there.15.I am terribly sorry _________________(lose) your key.16.I am sorry _____________(say )that he is going from bad to worse.17.He asked______________(send) to the place where he was most needed.18.What he hoped was____________________(admit) into the university19.He got to the station only ____________(find) all the tickets had beensold out.20.I am sorry ___________________(keep) you waiting so long.21.On their return the father asked his son _________(explain) what hehad learnt.22..My advisor encouraged me _________(take) a summer course to improvemy writing skills.23. don’t know whether you happen _________________(hear), but I’m goingto study in the this September.24.4. The flu is believed ___________(cause) by viruses that like toreproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.25.He seems _______________（punish) by his teacher yesterday.26.__________(save ) the badly sick lady, the doctor had an operationon her.27. He was too frightened _____ (say) anything.28.The school ordered all the classroom__________( clean ).29.My grandmother seems to have a lot ____________(worry) about.30.I am going to the post office. Do you have any letter_______________(post)31.You are lucky enough ____________________(not catch) in the rain.二：翻译练习1.据说这会议已经被取消了2.这个学生似乎已经对政治失去了兴趣。