科技论文的基本结构----

The basic structure of scientific paper基本结构⏹Title⏹Authors and Addresses⏹Abstract and Keyword⏹Introduction⏹Materials and methods⏹Results⏹Discussion & Conclusion⏹Acknowledgements⏹References1. 文题Title⏹generally not more than 20 words.⏹⏹with little or no subtitle;⏹⏹as much as possible to avoid the use of punctuation;⏹⏹not known terminology common to write the full name not casually abbreviation⏹⏹try to use the key words in the paper in the title⏹⏹The title of the paper begins - avoid using Arabia digital for indexing2.作者Author作者姓名和顺序☐Paper authors or main author should be the first author；☐The contribution of the same author: CO first author☐Author for correspondence sometimes put second, sometimes placed in the final, if the communication the author is not the first writer, is in the manuscript contact to corresponding author contact, in general,tutor act as corresponding author.作者地址的标署☐As far as possible, given the detailed address;☐If the paper, a new address of the author to publish, the new address should be given in a footnote to the current address;If the first author is not the corresponding author, author should be in accordance with the relevant provisions of periodical expression, and advance told editor. Journal of multi use an asterisk (*), a footnote or acknowledgements form tagging corresponding author or contact3. 摘要Abstract：1 传统式摘要(IMRD格式，introduction，methods，results和discussion )2结构式摘要格式(Structured Abstract) : 目的(Objective),设计(Design)、单位(Setting)、对象(Patients, Participants)、处置(Interventions)、主要结果测定(Main Outcome Measures)、结果(Results)、结论(Conclusions)结构式摘要的类型⏹New England Journal of MedicineBackground, Methods, Results, Conclusions⏹The LancetBackground, Methods, Findings, Interpretation⏹JAMAContext, Objective, Design, Setting, Patients, Interventions, Main Outcome Measures, Results, Conclusion Keywords (关键词)⏹Don't use too wide a word do keywords (for example: organic compound, ecological science, and so on), so asnot to lose the retrieval function；⏹Avoid using abbreviations as keywords custom, abbreviations, unless it is scientifically recognized proprietaryabbreviations (such as: DNA);⏹Keywords quantity should be moderate科技论文的主体部分⏹Introduction⏹Materials and methods⏹Results⏹Discussion & Conclusion1.Introduction：写作内容⏹Summary of background⏹points out the existing problems⏹explains the research purposeIntroduction ：写作要求⏹The introduction discusses - is not segmented, don't illustrations and list, without derivation and proof of theformula;⏹- should quote the "most relevant" literature to guide readers. Avoid studiously avoided referring to relevantliterature the most important；⏹The lack of previous work and innovative narrative to emphasize their study, should be cautious and leaveadequate leeway (to avoid the "first put forward", "great discovery", etc.)——To the author’s knowledge… / There is little information available in literature about…；等等⏹The introduction of space size, there is no unified regulations·2.Materials and methods: 内容⏹clear description of the experimental object and method choice；⏹ a detailed description of the experimental methods and steps;⏹list establishing method of reference, and make a brief description (but need not repeat all description);⏹if the existing method has been improved to a new or substantial, will clearly indicate that the improvedreason-Materials and methods: 要求⏹using past tense；⏹The action execution cannot be omitted——To determine its respiratory quotient, the organism was… (the organism determine…?)——Having completed the study, the bacteria were of no further interest. (the bacteria completed the study?)⏹the references as accurately as possible——cells were broken by as previously described[9] 应改为：cells were broken by ultrasonic treatment as previously described[9].3.结果Results：⏹Expression of - of experiments or observations to generalize and refine⏹Use of text and graphics combined form - data expression⏹The original data - as far as possible to list "results", and not only reported statistically processed data.4讨论与结论Discussion - 讨论（a）Stating the main findings（b）In this study, strengths and weaknesses（c）The significance of the research and application prospect;(d) Research direction of unanswered questions and future时态⏹现在时：具有普遍的意义推论或结论：——The experimental and theoretical values for the yields agree well.——Our data suggest that the reaction rate may be determined by the amount of oxygen available.⏹过去时：所概述推论的有效性只是针对本次特定的研究：——In the first series of trials, the experimental values were all lower than the theoretical predictions. Conclusion - 结论−The main argument and f understanding of author− Concluding exposition of the results of this study prospects of application, possible limitations and the need for further research direction in depth;− Conclusion should not involve new facts, nor simply repeat the abstract, introduction, results or discussion in the sections of the sentence科技论文的篇尾部分1.致谢(Acknowledgements)⏹For the less signature condition, but the research results of contributors can indeed, "Acknowledgements " inthe form of a list of.⏹“A cknowledgements “start with “We thank”, not “We wish to thank”2.参考文献(References)⏹selected literature theme must be closely related with the paper⏹must be personally read⏹priority cited papers: the latest published / specific journals / specific author⏹avoid excessive author self citation⏹follow the quasi journals style requirements⏹ensure that each abstract Literature (the name of the author, title, journal or monograph, etc.) is correct。