物流供应链管理第九章习题 答案
物流与供应链管理(研)第九章精品PPT课件
4、为防范需求和补货提前期的变动而建立库存
安全库存由用于处理波动随机性的统计方法来确定。精确 的预测是降低安全库存水平的关键。
5、仓耗
有些存货在存储期间会损坏，被报废、丢失或被盗。如果 存储的是高价值、易腐烂或易于被盗的产品，就要采取特 别防范措施尽量减少仓耗。
为了更好地进行整体控制可以集中管理库存，利用生产和 采购规模经济来决定库存水平以降低成本，在总体需求的 基础上进行预测，然后分摊到每个存储点来提高准确性。
联合补货
综合拉动和推动两种思想。 由渠道成员代表供货点和存储点共同确定补货数量
和时间安排。 联合补货比供货点或存储点单方决策更经济。
（三）产品汇总法
由于客户的缺货反应无法捉摸，所以准确衡量缺货 成本非常困难。
五、推动式库存管理
在每一个存储点需要保持多少库存？ 一批生产或采购应分配到各个存储点的库存是多
少？ 超过需求的供给量在各个存储点之间怎样分摊？
将产品推向存储点的步骤
1、通过预测或其他手段确定从现在到下一次生产或采购期 间的需求量
采购成本包括： 不同订货批量下产品的价格或制造成本 生产的启动成本； 订单经过财务、采购部门的处理成本； 订单传输到供应地的成本； 货物运输成本（若采购价格不含运输费用）； 在收货地点的所有物料搬运或商品加工成本。
如果企业由内部供货，比如企业的工厂为自己的成品库补货， 采购成本就要反映生产启动成本，随之发生变化。如果采用 的是运到价格，那么就不涉及运输成本。
多数企业在对每一种产品进行精确控制的基础上， 实现对所有产品库存总量的精确控制，即自下而上 法。
采购与供应链管理习题库09第九章 习题及参考答案
同步测试一、单项选择题1. 只有在通畅、及时而准确的（）指引下，供应链上的其他流才是有效的，才能达到效率最优、成本最低。
BA．物流 B.信息流 C.资金流 D.商流2. 与供应链信息相比，供应链信息流更（）CA．实物化 B.准确 C.动态 D.孤立3. 在供应链信息流的控制模式中，（）指信息在部门之间或企业之间传递，由部门或企业决定信息传递的方向及内容。
AA. 分散控制B. 集中控制C. 综合协调控制4. 以下哪个自动识别技术最新。
（）DA．条码技术 B. RFID技术 C. 5G技术 D.机器视觉识别技术5. 供应链协同有三层含义，其中（）的协同，由合作与博弈的关系转变为彼此在供应链中更加明确分工和责任的伙伴关系。
CA．信息层面 B.业务流程层面 C.组织层面 D.功能层面6.在（）阶段，数字化采购将完善历史支出知识库，实现供应商信息、价格和成本的完全可预测性。
AA．可预测战略寻源 B.自动化采购执行 C.前瞻性供应商管理 D.战略采购7.供应链协同的外在动因是（）BA．提升供应链效率 B. 应对复杂多变的外部环境C. 巩固供应链各方的合作关系D．降低供应链成本8. 供应链信息层面的协同，通过供应链伙伴成员间的（），实现运营数据、市场数据的实时共享和交流，从而实现伙伴间更快、更好地协同响应终端客户需求。
BA．合作结盟 B. 信息系统集成 C.流程重组 D. 相互竞争9. 拉式供应链的主要信息流方向与物流方向（）AA．反向 B.同向 C.双向都有10.（）是解决供应链上信息系统对接、消除信息孤岛的基础性条件。
A A．标准化 B. 信任环境 C.信息平台 D.信息安全二、多项选择题1. 从供应链环节的角度划分，供应链信息包括（）。
ABCDA.供应源信息B. 配送与零售信息C.生产信息D.需求信息E.战略信息2. 以下哪些描述了信息在供应链管理中的作用（）BCDEA．供应链信息要求准确及时的传递。
B．有助于正确做出库存管理、运输设计、设施网点选址等驱动供应链的管理决策，使供应链运作更有效果。
供应链物流管理(supply chain logistics management)鲍尔索克斯 课后习题答案1-6章
Chapter1：1.Why can the current movement toward establishing supply chains becharacterized as a revolution?Because the current movement toward establishing supply chains has reshaped contemporary strategic thinking.Two massive shifts, supply chain revolution and a related logistical renaissance, in expectation and practice concerning the performance of business operations are highly interrelated but they are significantly different aspects of contemporary strategic thinking.pare the concept of a modern supply chain with more traditionaldistribution channels. Be specific regarding similarities and differences. Traditional distribution channels typically had an order fulfillment time of 15-30 days. But if something went wrong, this time would increase dramatically. It was a common practice to maintain inventory at every stage of the supply chain like retailers, wholesalers, and manufacturers. The market was characterized by scarcity to the primary goal of traditional model was to ensure availability of products. However, today customers want more options in product offerings. Modern supply chain is geared towards meeting the changing consumer needs. Transportation capacity and operational performance has become more reliable and economical. Logistical systems are capable of capable of delivering products at exact times. So customer orders can be fulfilled faster. With massive development in information technology, the need to maintain inventory has reduced dramatically. The occurrence of failures, characteristic of traditional supply chain, has been replaced by a commitment towards zero-defect of six sigma performance. In essence a high level of performance is achieved at a lower total cost with commitment of fewer financial resources than that in the past.3.What specific role does logistics play in supply chain operations?Logistics is the primary conduit of product and service flow within a supply chain arrangement. It is the work required to move and to position inventory throughout a supply chain. It is a combination of order management, inventory, transportation, warehousing, material handling and packaging as integrated throughout a facility network. Logistics is essential for effective supply chain connectivity.4.Describe “integrative management”. Be specific concerning the relationship betweenfunctionality and process.The challenge to achieving integrated management results from the long-standing tradition of performing and measuring work on a functional basis. Since the industrial revolution, achieving best practice has focused managerial attention on functional specialization. The prevailing belief was the better the performance of a specific function, the greater the efficiency of the overall process.The fundamental challenge of integrated management is to redirect traditional emphasis on functionality in an effort to focus on process achievement. Integrative process management seeks to identify and achieve lowest total cost by capturing trade-offs that exist between functions. The focus of integrated management is lowest total process cost, which is not necessarily the achievement of the lowest cost for each function included in the process.5.In terms of enterprise extension, describe the importance of the information sharingand process specialization paradigms.The information sharing paradigm is the widespread belief that achieving a high degree of cooperative behavior requires that supply chain participants voluntarily share operating information and jointly plan strategies. The guiding principle is that information sharing is essential among supply chain participants to collectively do the things customers demand faster and more efficiently.The process specialization paradigm is commitment to focusing collaborative arrangements on planning joint operations with a goal of eliminating nonproductive or non-value-adding redundancy by firms in a supply chain. The basic idea is to design the overall supply chain processes in a manner that identifies a specific firm’s competencies along with the responsibility and accountability to perform each element of essential work in a manner that maximizes overall results.Importance: Sharing information and joint planning can reduce risk related to inventory positioning. Collaboration can eliminate duplicative or redundant work, such as repetitive quality inspection, by designating and empowering a specified member of the supply chain to be fully responsible and accountable. Such extended enterprise integration introduces new challenges regarding measurement, benefit and risk sharing, trust, leadership, and conflict resolution.6.Describe and illustrate an integrated service provider. How does the conceptof integrated service provider differ from traditional service providers, such as for-hire transportation and warehousing?Integrated Service Providers (ISP) also known as third-party logistics providers provide a range of logistics services that includes all work necessary to service customers. With the regulatory changes in the transportation the traditional logistics services providers started offering warehousing and shared transportation services. Therefore the ISPs initiated the radical shift from single function to multifunction outsourcing. Their services include order entry to product delivery and in certain situations they also provide wide range of value-added services. For example United Parcel Services (UPS) stocks Nike shoes and warm-ups at its Louisville warehouse and processes orders hourly. All the related communication and financial administration are handled by an UPS call center in San Antonio. Therefore UPS handles the basic logistics and value-added services for Nike.In contrast the traditional service providers, such as for-hire transportation and warehousing specialize in specific functions. For instance, the for-hire transportationindustry consists of carriers who specialize in moving products between geographic locations. The companies offering warehouse services are traditionally called public warehouses and they provide storage supplemented by specialized services.pare and contrast anticipatory and response-based business models.Why has responsiveness become popular in supply chain collaborations? Anticipatory and response-based business models are the two ways used by firms to fulfill customer requirements. However the fundamental difference in the two models is timingAnticipatory model has been the traditional business practice, which was mainly forecast driven. Since information about purchasing behavior was not readily available, and the channel partners were loosely collaborating, businesses were driven by forecasts. However the forecasts used by the manufacturers, wholesales, distributors, and retailers were often different that led to a lot of excess inventory in the system. All the work was performed in anticipation of future projections, so the likelihood of misgauging customer requirements was very high. In addition each firm in the chain duplicated the anticipatory process.Response-based model aims to reduce or eliminate forecast reliance by joint planning and rapid exchange of information between supply chain partners. This model has been made possible because managers can now obtain and share accurate sales information faster. Consequently customers can be provided with their desired items faster. This model requires fewer steps and therefore less cost to complete a fulfillment process compared to the anticipatory model. Response-based model is similar to a build to order model however the former has a faster response time and allows higher degree of customization.Responsiveness propelled by information technology development has become the cornerstone of today’s supply chain collaboration. Higher responsiveness can not only increase the level of customer satisfaction but can also reduce the overall cost of doing that.pare and contrast manufacturing and geographic postponement. Manufacturing and geographic postponement are strategies and practices that reduces the anticipatory risks of supply chain performance. The factors favoring one pr the other form depends on the volume, value, competitive initiatives desired customer service levels. Manufacturing or form postponement aims at manufacturing the products one order at a time with no preparatory work or component procurement until the customer specifications are fully known and customer commitment is received. The goal of this postponement strategy is to maintain products in a neutral or non-committed status as long as possible. In an ideal situation a standard or base product is manufactured in large quantities to obtain economy of scale while deferring the finalization until the customer commitment. In this scenario, economy of scope is introduced by producing the base product to accommodate a wide range of different customers. An example of manufacturing postponement is observed in mixing paintcolor at retail stores to accommodate the individual customer’s request. This strategy not only reduces the risks of logistics malfunction but also increases the use of light manufacturing and final assembly at logistical facilitiesOn the other hand, Geographical or logistical postponement focuses on response acceleration. This strategy aims to build and stock a full-line inventory at one or more strategic locations. Forward deployment of inventory is postponed until the customer order is received. In an ideal situation this postponement strategy eliminates the risk of anticipatory risk of inventory deployment while retaining manufacturing economy scale. An example of geographical postponement is the Sears Store Delivery System. The logistics of the appliances is not initiated till the customer order is received. An appliance purchased on Monday can be installed at customer’s home as early as Wednesday. And there is a possibility that the product is not manufactured until that night or early Tuesday.In a number of supply chains both types of postponement strategies are combined to create a highly responsive strategy.9.Define and illustrate cash-to-cash conversion, dwell-time minimization andcash spin. How does supply chain strategy and structure impact each?Cash-to-cash conversion is the time required to convert raw material or inventory purchases into sales revenue. It is directly related to inventory turn. Its benefits are realized by reducing and sharing risk and inventory investment. In traditional business the benefits were enjoyed at the expense of business partners. For example, terms of 2% net 10 meant that a prompt payment discount could be earned if the invoice is paid within ten days from the time of delivery. In a response based system these benefits can be shared by managing the inventory transfer velocity across the supply chain. To facilitate such arrangements supply chain partners often use dead net pricing, which factors discounts and allowances in the selling price. Therefore incentives of timely payment are replaced by performance commitments at a specified net price. Managing supply chain logistics as a continuous synchronized process also serves to reduce dwell time.Dwell time is the ratio of the time that an asset sits idle to the time required to satisfy its designated supply chain mission. As an example dwell time would represent the ratio of the time inventory is in store to the time it is moving or contributing to achieve supply chain objectives. Dwell time can be reduced if the supply chain partners are willing to eliminate duplicate work. Therefore each firm could be designated to perform and be accountable for the value-added work in order to reduce the overall dwell.Cash spin basically refers to free cash spin. This concept aims to reduce the overall assets committed to the supply chain performance. Therefore capital invested on inventory or warehouse can be made available for redeployment by revising the supply chain arrangement. Free capital can be reinvested in other projects that would have otherwise not been considered.10.Discuss and support the following argument: "Supply chain arrangements mayreduce consumer value."A somewhat more abstract but often cited potential downside of supply chain management could be labeled the dark side of collaboration. The argument is that the public does not benefit across the board from supply chain efficiency.Supply chain criticism comes in two parts.First, the line of reasoning is that operating efficiency does not automatically translate to or guarantee lower consumer prices. Firms that collaborate may individually or collectively make larger profits and thereby generate large shareholder wealth. However, no mechanisms exist to guarantee that efficiencies will be passed on to consumers in the form of lower retail prices. In fact, the supporting logic is that as supply chains.The second criticism of supply chain arrangements builds on the premise that operating efficiency may not always be socially equitable. The argument questions the benefits of more precise matching of supply to demand in terms of the overall reduction in surplus goods.Chapter2：1.Illustrate a common trade-off that occurs between the work areas of logistics. Any illustration that demonstrates an inherent trade-off between information, inventory, transportation, warehousing, material handling or packaging is acceptable. The following are a few examples of such trade-offs:Information is increasingly being used as a substitute for inventory. For instance, a warehouse manager that is in constant contact with a supplier of his/her stocks need not hold traditional, high levels of inventory. By being “connected”, the supplier realizes when the warehouse is in need of product and can make accommodations of product processing and shipping accordingly. Improved, faster means of transportation also prevent manufacturers and merchandisers from holding high levels of inventory.Poor packaging can lead to product damage in transit. Management should either improve packaging or seek a transportation mode that is more stable and less damage-inducing. Regardless, greater costs will be incurred upfront – though they are likely to be offset with reduced costs of product recollection and rework.2.Discuss and elaborate the following statement: "The selection of a superiorlocation network can create substantial competitive advantage."The statement “The selection of Superior location network can create sub stantial competitive advantage” holds true with regard to logistical networks. The network design implies customer service and cost considerations. Added value (and perhaps a competitive advantage) may be derived from the “intimacy” of being located near customers. Networks that strive for the highest levels of effectiveness (superior serviceperformance) often do so at significantly higher expense. Networks may also be designed for efficient product flows in order to lower transportation and inventory holding costs. Depending upon the competitive environment in which a firm operates, competitive advantage may result from either being located near the customers to provide superior service or through low cost service with the cost-efficient network design.3.Why are customer-accommodation operations typically more erratic thanmanufacturing support and procurement operations?Market or physical distribution operations are typically more erratic because they are initiated by the customer, whose behavior cannot be controlled by the firm. Manufacturing and procurement operations, on the other hand, are initiated by the firm and considered to be within the firm’s span of control. However, better communications between the logistics organization and customers can reduce the uncertainty and erratic nature of market-distribution operations.4.How has transportation cost, as a percentage of total logistics cost, trackedsince 1980The transportation costs as a percentage of total logistics costs in US has increased over the last 20 years. In 1980, the percentage was approximately 47 percent and this has increased to over 63 percent in 2004. Therefore transportation represents a significant portion of the overall logistics cost.5.Describe the logistics value proposition. Be specific regarding specificcustomer accommodation and cost.Logistical value proposition is a cost framework that aims to match of operating competency and commitment to meet the individual of selected groups of customers’ expectations and requirements. A well-designed logistical network must have high customer response with low operational variance and minimum inventory commitment. However the combinations will be different for different groups. Well designed and operated logistical system can help firms to achieve competitive advantage.6.Describe the fundamental similarities and differences between procurement,manufacturing support and customer-accommodation performance cycles as they relate to logistical control.Procurement performance cycles consist of the many activities that maintain the flow of materials, parts, or finished goods into a manufacturing or distribution facility. The scope of procurement activities is limited. Although similar to the customer order processing cycle, shipments are generally larger and cycles often require much more time. Maintaining raw materials inventory is sometimes less expensive relative to finished goods, since time of delivery and material security is often less sensitive into facility than out to the customer. Another difference is that the number of suppliers of a firm is generally less than the number of customers, making the procurement cycle more direct.Manufacturing support performance cycles serve as the logistics of production. These functions maintain orderly and economic flow of materials and work-in-process inventory to support production schedules. The goal is to support manufacturing requirements in the most efficient manner. These are internal cycles to the firm, thus they are rarely affected by behavioral uncertainty.Customer-accommodation performance cycles are those associated with processing and delivering customer orders. They link the customers through timely and economical product availability. Physical distribution integrates marketing and manufacturing efforts. To improve the effectiveness of the distribution system, forecast accuracy must improve to reduce uncertainty. In addition to the value of sound forecasting methods, the firm must emphasize flexibility and responsiveness to deal with the uncertainty of customers in the physical distribution cycle.pare and contrast a performance cycle node and a link. Give an exampleof each.Nodes are facility locations. Forms of communications and transportation represent links between the nodes. Most logistical work takes place at nodes whereas links represent the interface among locations. Nodes represent network facilities where materials are processed and base inventories and safety stocks are maintained. Inventory that is in between nodes is c alled “in transit”.8.How does the "quest for quality" affect logistical operations? Does theconcept of total quality have relevancy when applied to logistics?Though logistical service quality is often in the eye of the beholder –that is, the definition of quality varies among suppliers and customers, it is possible to pursue a quest for quality. The quest requires logistics organizations to identify the service qualities that customers most highly value. Upon identifying these key dimensions of service, it is up to the firm to flawlessly execute those functions that add value. Ultimately, customers may demand “perfect order” performance, a level of service that requires suppliers to meet expectations without error.The ideals of total quality – namely, doing things right the first time, does find relevance in logistics. It is far better in terms of customer service and low cost to provide customers with desired service on the first effort. Customers more highly value suppliers that meet their promises, delivering product on time, in proper quantities, and without damage. Costs are reduced in the process as fewer products are recollected and reworked. These costs of service or product failure can be eliminated if processes are corrected, ensuring that the problem is not a recurring one. Over time, customers tend to rely on those suppliers that provide sound service time and again.9.Discuss uncertainty as it relates to the overall logistical performance cycle.Discuss and illustrate how performance cycle variance can be controlled.One of the major objectives of logistical management is to reduce the uncertainty in performance cycles. Since the performance cycles are made up of many activities, eachwith its own volatility or variance, variance over the entire cycle can significantly impede the logistics organization’s efficiency and effectiveness.To control variance, the firm must conform expected cycle time to actual cycle time. If cycle time is less than expected, the delivered product becomes inventory to be stored. If the cycle time is longer than expected, then the firm must rely on safety stocks to satisfy customer demand. In either case there are costs associated with variance. The ides is to eliminate variance by equating actual cycle time to the expected cycle time. This may require adjustments in product flows into or out of the organization.10.What is the logic of designing echeloned logistical structures? Can echelonedand direct structures be combined?The echeloned logistical structure is built on the logic of stocking some level of inventory or performing specific activities at consecutive levels of supply chain. This structure utilizes warehouses to create inventory assortments and achieve consolidation economies associated with large volume transportation shipments. The inventory is position to meet the customers’ requirements faster. Typical echelon systems use either break bulk or consolidation warehouses. However the service commitment and order size economies determine the most desirable and economical structure to service the specific customer. So many supply chains use a combination of echeloned and direct structures to meet their logistical needs.Chapter3：1.Explain the differences between transactional and relationship marketing.How do these differences lead to increasing emphasis on logistical performance in supply chain management?Transactional marketing is generally focused towards short-term interaction with customers. Traditional marketing strategies followed this approach wherein exchanges/transactions are carried out with customers in order to increase their revenues and profits.Relationship marketing focuses on the long-term relations with the key supply chain partners such as the consumers, intermediate customers and suppliers. This strategy aims to develop and retain long term preference and loyalty because it has been realized in many industries that it is more important to obtain greater share of the purchases made by the existing customers than to attract new customers. This approach tries to identify the individual customers in order to satisfy their unique needs in the most cost-efficient and effective way. This requires a greater emphasis on logistical performance of the entire supply chain.2.Why are the four primary service outputs of spatial convenience, lot size,waiting time, and product variety important to logistics management?Provide examples of competing firms that differ in the level of each service output provided to customers.Since every customer has different requirements regarding service outputs, spatial convenience, lot size, waiting or delivery time, and product variety represent the four generic outputs to accommodate customer requirements.Spatial convenience measures the amount of shopping time and effort that needs to be out by the customer. Higher convenience is offered by making the product available in more number of places. As an example some household furniture manufacturers offer their products through department store, mass merchandisers and other independent department stores whereas Ethen Allen offers its products only at its own Allen retail stores.Lot size refers to the number of units that can be purchased in each transaction. A customer who wish to buy larger quantity of items for example 12 or 24 rolls of paper towels to get a lower unit price can get it from Sam’s Club and Costco. However they can buy single rolls from grocery or convenient stores. The basic tradeoff in such purchases is between the unit price and the storage or maintenance cost of such volumes.Waiting time is the amount if time a customer has to wait between ordering and receiving products. The lower the waiting time, the higher is the level of service. Buying products from retail or grocery stores has no waiting time however if someone wants to order from a catalog or via the Internet, he has to wait for the product. Although higher waiting time is associated with inconvenience, customers are rewarded in the form of lower prices.Product variety refers to the different assortments or variety offered to the consumers and end-users. Supermarkets offer a large variety of items, whereas the warehouse stores offer a much less variety. And convenience stores offer even lesser variety.3.What is meant by availability in logistics customer service? Provide examples ofthe different ways to monitor a firm’s performance in availability.Availability is the capacity to have inventory when desired by a customer. As simple as this may seem, it is not at all uncommon for an organization to expend considerable time, money, and effort to generate customer demand and then fail to have product available to meet customer requirements. The traditional practice in organizations is to stock inventory in anticipation of customer orders.Availability is based on three performance measures: Stockout Frequency, Fill Rate, and Orders Shipped Complete.Stockout Frequency: For example, a study of retail supermarkets revealed that at any point in time during a week, the average supermarket is out of stock of approximately 8 percent of the items planned to be on the shelves. It is important to note, however, that a stockout does not actually occur until a customer desires a product. The aggregation of all stockouts across all products is an indicator of how well a firm is positioned to provide basic service commitments in product availability. While it does not consider that some products may be more critical in terms of availability than others, it is the starting point in thinking about inventory availability.Fill Rate:For example, if a customer wants 100 units of an item and only 97 are available, the fill rate is 97 percent. To effectively consider fill rate, the typical procedure is to evaluate performance over time to incIude multiple customer orders. Thus, fill rate performance can be evaluated for a specific customer, product, or for any combination of customers, products, or business segments. Fill rate can be used to differentiate the level of service to be offered on specific products. In the earlier example, if all 100 products ordered were critical to a customer, then a fill rate of 97 percent could result in a stockout at the customer's plant or warehouse and severely disrupt the customer's operations. Imagine an assembly line scheduled to produce 100 automobiles that receives only 97 of its required brake assemblies. In situations where some of the items are not critical to performance, a fill rate of 97 percent may be acceptable. The customer may accept a back order or be willing to reorder the short items at a later time. Fill rate strategies need to consider customer requirements for products.Orders Shipped Complete:The most exacting measure of performance in product availability is orders shipped complete. It views having everything that a customer orders as the standard of acceptable performance. Failure to provide even one item on a customer's order results in that order being recorded as zero in terms of complete shipment.pare and contrast speed, consistency, and flexibility as optionalperformance activities. In some situations,is one activity more critical than others?Performance cycle speed is the elapsed time form when a customer establishes a need to order until the product is delivered and is ready for customer use.Speed is an essential ingredient in many just-in-time and quick-response logistical strategies as fast performance cycles reduce customer inventory requirements.Order cycle consistency is measured by the number of times that actual cycles meet the time planned for completion.most logistical managers place greater value on consistency because it directly impacts a customer’s ability to plan and perform is own activities.the issue of consistency is fundamental to effective logistics operations as it is becoming increasingly common for customers to actually specify a desired date and even specify a delivery appointment when placing orders.Flexibility involves a firm’s ability to accommodate special situations and unusual or unexpected customer requests.In some situations,adjustments can be implemented to prevent or accommodate special situations,thereby preventing malfunctions.so one may be more critical than others. 5.Why is perfect order service so difficult to achieve?An order should be delivered complete,delivered on time,at the right location,in perfect condition,with complete and accurate documentation.Each of these individual elements must comply with customer specifications.thus,complete delivery means all product the customer originally requested,on time means at the customer’s specified date and time.ing the ten categories of customer expectations in Table 3-1, develop yourown examples of how customers might evaluate performance of a supplier.。
物流与供应链管理2版ppt案例习题-第九章 供应链集成
B.业务结构或 生产能力
人 事 简 况
财 务 状 况 设 备 状 况 制 造 或 生 产 状 况 质 量 体 系 产 品 开 发 中 的 质 量
C.质量系统
供 应 中 质 量
制 造 中 的 质 量 保 证
D.企业环境
质 量 资 源 与 质 量 职 员
成 本 分 析
质 量 检 验 和 实 验
交 货 质 量
《现代物流丛书》
第九章 供应链集成
《物流与供应链管理》 高等教育出版社
顾客服务
供应链集成 供应链协调
•供应链合作伙伴关系 •供应链环境下的业务流 程重组
•供应链环境下的企业计划
物流网络设计 物流信息管理
运输管理
库存管理 物流辅助活动
现代物流丛书---《物流与供应链管理》
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集成化供应链管理是一种围绕核心企业，通过对从采购原材料 开始到制成中间产品以及最终产品，再到最终由销售网络把产 品送到消费者手中的一系列活动中涉及到的信息流、知识流、 实物流、资金流的控制，将供应商、制造商、分销商、零售商、 直至最终用户连成一个整体的功能网链结构模式。
现代物流丛书---《物流与供应链管理》
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对供应商与制造商双方的作用
①改善相互之间的交流；
②实现共同的期望和目标； ③共担风险和共享利益；
④共同参与产品和工艺开发，实现相互间的工艺集成、技术 和物理集成；
⑤降低投机思想和投机几率；
⑥增强解决矛盾冲突的能力；
⑦减少管理成本； ⑧订单、生产、运输上实现规模效益以降低成本；
⑥提高面向工艺的企业规划； ⑦更好的产品设计和对产品变化更快的反应速度；
⑧强化数据信息的获取和管理控制
现代物流丛书---《物流与供应链管理》
物流供应链管理第九章习题-答案
【第九章国际物流】【选择题】1．CFR条款下，买方应：（）A．承担货物在装船时越过船舷后的风险B．负责租船订舱，支付到指定目的港的运费C．办理货运保险，支付保险费D．办理出口手续E．办理进口手续【答案】ABE2．交易磋商中不可缺少的环节是：（）A．询盘B．发盘C．还盘D．接受E．以上四个环节必不可少【答案】BD3．商品由A国运往B国途中，途经本国，对于本国来说为：（）A．进口贸易B．出口贸易C．过境贸易D．转口贸易E．复出口【答案】C3．我国对外贸易商品检验检疫的范围包括:( ）A．所有进出口的商品B．船舶C．集装箱D．海运出口危险品的包装E．《进出境动植物检疫法》规定的商品【答案】BCDE5．出境货物最迟于报关或装运前天报检.（）A．7B．15C．20D．30E．60【答案】A6．对一般的进出口货物报关时需交验以下哪些单证？（）A．进出口货物报关单B．发票C．商品检验证明D．减免税或免检证明E．提货单、装货单或运单【答案】ABCDE7．海上风险包括：( ）A．恶劣气候B．流冰C．船舶搁浅D．偷窃E．战争【答案】ABC8．根据我国现行的《海洋货物运输保险条款》的规定，基本险别包括：( ）A．平安险B．偷窃、提货不着险C．水渍险D．一切险E．串味险【答案】ACD9．平安险的承保责任范围包括：（）A．由于自然灾害和运输工具发生意外事故，造成被保险货物的全部或部分损失B．由于运输工具遭遇搁浅、触礁、沉没、互撞、与流冰或其他物体碰撞造成被保险货物的全部或部分损失C．在装卸转船过程中，被保险货物一件或数件落海所造成的全部损失或部分损失D．货物在运输过程中,因一般外来原因所造成的被保险货物的全部或部分损失E．货物在运输过程中,因特殊外来原因所造成的被保险货物的全部或部分损失【答案】BC10．出口货物的报关报检等工作可由（）办理。
A．出口商B．进口商C．国际货运代理D．理货机构E．船方【答案】AC11．以下单证具有物权凭证作用的有:（)A．提单B．提货单C．货协运单D．航空货运单E．多式联运单据【答案】A12．根据货物外表状况有无不良批注可将提单分为:（）A．记名提单B．指示提单C．不记名提单D．清洁提单E．不清洁提单【答案】DE13．国际海上货物运输有关国际公约有:（）A．《海牙规则》B．《海牙/维斯比规则》C．《汉堡规则》D．《华沙公约》E．《海牙议定书》【答案】ABC13．国际集装箱运输中,拼箱货的装拆箱业务是在进行的。
物流与供应链管理案例分析及答案
物流与供应链复习范围除第9章外，题目会涉及各章，其中第1章、第2章、第3章、第4章（重点是4.3节和4.5节，122-126页不考）、第5章、第7章、第11章是重点，要求上述所有知识点牢固掌握，包括图表。
其他章节原则上不出大题，一般只在选择题和判断题出现。
第9章不考一、名词解释（每小题3分，共15分）二、判断题（在括号内打“ ”或打“√”）（每小题1分，共15分）三、单选题(每小题1分，共20分)四、计算题（每题10分，共计20分）要求算出结果后，写明结论。
计算题来自第四章知识，必须掌握我在课堂上讲过的重心法和经济批量模型，计算题先必须列出公式，注明每个字母含义。
只要平时作业会做，计算题就没问题。
五、辨析题（10分）看图回答问题，参见模拟测试题要求熟练掌握第5章出现的装卸工具图片名称和性能，包括我发给你们的图片名称六、案例分析（20分，两题，每题10分）要求：充分运用所学知识，条理清晰，语句通顺。
每个案例答案都在百字以上。
考核两道题，其中一道题目是课堂上讲过的案例，另外一道没有讲过，但是讲过难度相当的案例，答案要求写出要点，只要大致意思对就可以。
名词解释：搬运装卸，物流管理，包装，检尺求积，流通加工合理化，敏捷供应链，采购物流，生产物流，销售物流，配送，逆向物流(广义和狭义)，传统物流，现代物流，第三方物流，供应链管理，快速反应，供应链合作关系精选案例案例一．书店的烦恼1999年10月，江西省新华书店、省外文书店和南昌市新华书店3家合并，组建了江西省新华书店联合有限公司。
如今江西省店已经与全省11个中心门店和部分县店建立了跨地区的直营连锁经营关系，与40余家符合条件的书店建立了加盟连锁关系，还有行业外的加盟店3个，初步建立了江西省新华书店系统连锁经营体系。
实施连锁经营后，江西省店的连锁门店的进货权被取消。
由于信息不畅通，总店的业务部门无法了解连锁门店的实际需求与销售动态，对所配发的图书品种是否对路、数量是否恰当都不太了解，只能凭臆想办事，造成销售量下降。
供应链管理(第5版)课后习题答案
供应链管理课后习题答案第一章、供应链管理导论1.供应链的结构特征是什么？将供应商、制造商、分销商、零售商、直到最终用户连成一个整体的功能网链结构。
2.何谓供应链管理？简述供应链管理与传统企业管理的区别和联系。
供应链管理就是使以核心企业为中心的供应链运作达到最优化，以最低的成本，另供应链从采购开始，到满足最终用户的所有过程，包括工作流、实物流、信息流、资金流等均高效率运作，把合适的产品，以合理的价格，及时准确的送到消费者手中。
区别：①传统企业的运营思想是生产是为了销售，而供应链企业运营的思想是按订单准时生产、快速响应客户需求②传统企业的管理手段是控制库存、降低库存成本，而供应链管理的手段是供应链企业协同创新、共创价值③传统企业提高生产效率的主要方法是扩大批量、增加规模效应，而供应链企业提高效率的主要方法是提升企业的柔性和敏捷性联系：供应链管理主要是以物流运行作为流程的，是开放性的，传统企业只是供应链管理中的一个环节，是闭环的。
3.供应链管理的关键在于实现企业内部及企业之间资源的集成。
从这个角度，分析互联网在供应链管理中的重要地位。
从管理难度的角度：现在的客户关系管理、企业资源计划等系统使得管理更加容易，尤其是对于一些全球性企业和跨区域企业从效率的角度：通过IT系统，从客户需求到计划、采购、生产、运输等供应链的整个过程更加迅速、高效。
当然也包括上下游企业和核心企业之间的沟通。
从成本的角度：管理难度下降，效率提升，这实际上降低了企业的成本4.电子商务将成为21世纪最主要的商业模式之一，它将对企业传统的业务流程带来巨大变革。
请阐述供应链管理对我国企业成功实施电子商务的重要意义。
基于电子商务的供应链的管理的主要内容涉及订单处理、生产组织、采购管理、运输与配送管理、库存管理、客户服务、支付管理等，供应链管理可促进电子商务的发展，使资源在供应链网络中合理流动，来缩短交货周期、降低库存，并且通过提供自助交易的自助式服务以降低成本，提高速度和精确性，增强企业竞争力。
电子课件 《物流管理》刘斌 第九章 自测题
第九章自测题
1、基本服务，顾名思义是指向所有的顾客提供的（）。
2、（）是指在基本服务的基础上为特定顾客提供的的额外服务。
3、供应比率衡量（）的程度。
4、订货完成时间是指企业按（顾客订货要求）准备好全部所需商品的时间。
5、衡量作业情况的指标主要有：作业完成时间、（）、作业的灵活性、
（）。
6、物流服务设计的步骤：（）、定义顾客服务目标、设计物流系统。
1.解释物流与顾客服务之间的联系。
2.举例说明基本服务、增值服务和零缺陷服务的区别与联系。
3.针对不同的顾客与商品，企业应该如何设计物流系统？
4.企业在新品引入的各个阶段，应该如何设计物流服务？
5.缩小的服务窗口对物流企业来说意味着什么？。
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【第九章国际物流】【选择题】1．CFR条款下，买方应：（）A．承担货物在装船时越过船舷后的风险B．负责租船订舱，支付到指定目的港的运费C．办理货运保险，支付保险费D．办理出口手续E．办理进口手续【答案】ABE2．交易磋商中不可缺少的环节是：（）A．询盘B．发盘C．还盘D．接受E．以上四个环节必不可少【答案】BD3．商品由A国运往B国途中，途经本国，对于本国来说为：（）A．进口贸易B．出口贸易C．过境贸易D．转口贸易E．复出口【答案】C3．我国对外贸易商品检验检疫的范围包括：（）A．所有进出口的商品B．船舶C．集装箱D．海运出口危险品的包装E．《进出境动植物检疫法》规定的商品【答案】BCDE5．出境货物最迟于报关或装运前天报检。
（）A．7B．15C．20D．30E．60【答案】A6．对一般的进出口货物报关时需交验以下哪些单证？（）A．进出口货物报关单B．发票C．商品检验证明D．减免税或免检证明E．提货单、装货单或运单【答案】ABCDE7．海上风险包括：（）A．恶劣气候B．流冰C．船舶搁浅D．偷窃E．战争【答案】ABC8．根据我国现行的《海洋货物运输保险条款》的规定，基本险别包括：（）A．平安险B．偷窃、提货不着险C．水渍险D．一切险E．串味险【答案】ACD9．平安险的承保责任范围包括：（）A．由于自然灾害和运输工具发生意外事故，造成被保险货物的全部或部分损失B．由于运输工具遭遇搁浅、触礁、沉没、互撞、与流冰或其他物体碰撞造成被保险货物的全部或部分损失C．在装卸转船过程中，被保险货物一件或数件落海所造成的全部损失或部分损失D．货物在运输过程中，因一般外来原因所造成的被保险货物的全部或部分损失E．货物在运输过程中，因特殊外来原因所造成的被保险货物的全部或部分损失【答案】BC10．出口货物的报关报检等工作可由（）办理。
A．出口商B．进口商C．国际货运代理D．理货机构E．船方【答案】AC11．以下单证具有物权凭证作用的有：（）A．提单B．提货单C．货协运单D．航空货运单E．多式联运单据【答案】A12．根据货物外表状况有无不良批注可将提单分为：（）A．记名提单B．指示提单C．不记名提单D．清洁提单E．不清洁提单【答案】DE13．国际海上货物运输有关国际公约有：（）A．《海牙规则》B．《海牙/维斯比规则》C．《汉堡规则》D．《华沙公约》E．《海牙议定书》【答案】ABC13．国际集装箱运输中，拼箱货的装拆箱业务是在进行的。
（）答案（）A．发货人仓库B．收货人仓库C．发货人工厂或仓库D．集装箱货运站E．集装箱堆场【答案】D15．构成国际多式联运应具有下列哪些条件：（）A．至少采用两种不同的运输工具B．有一个多式联运合同C．有一份全程多式联运单据D．有一个多式联运经营人对全程运输负责E．必须是国际的货物运输【答案】BCDE16．以下属于多式联运的是：（）A．海海联运B．海陆联运C．陆空联运D．海铁联运E．国际铁路货物联运【答案】BCD【填空题】1．广义的国际物流是指（）。
答：货物及物品在不同国家和地区间的流动和转移2．国际物流具有高风险性的特点，其风险主要包括（）。
答：政治风险、经济风险和自然风险3．（）是指世界各国（地区）之间的商品以及服务和技术交换活动，如果从一个国家（或地区）的角度来看这种活动，则称为该国的（）。
答：国际贸易，对外贸易4．商品由A国运往B国途中，途经本国，对于本国来说为（）。
答：过境贸易5．（）指进口的外国商品未经加工又输出到国外，如进口货物的退货，转口贸易等。
答：复出口6．在常用国际贸易术语中，（）、（）和（）只适用于海运。
答：FOB，CIF，CFR7．（）又称贸易谈判，是指买卖双方就交易的各项条件进行谈判，以期达成交易的过程。
一般包括四个环节，即（）、（）、（）、（），其中（）和（）是不可缺少的环节。
答：交易磋商，询盘，发盘，还盘，接受，发盘，接受8．报检是对外贸易关系人向检验检疫机构申请检验。
对于入境货物，应在（）向入境口岸、指定或到达站的（）办理报检手续。
答：入境前或入境时，检验检疫机构9．（）是国家设在进出境口岸的监督机关，在国家对外经济贸易活动和国际交往中，代表国家行使监督管理的权利。
答：海关10．《海关海》规定，进出口货物必须经（）进境或出境。
答：设有海关的地点11．（）是反映船舶载运货物在港口交接时的数量和状态的实际情况的原始记录，具有凭证和证据的性质。
答：理货单证12．货物溢短单是记载进口货物（）。
答：件数溢出或短少的证明13．（）是出口货物实际装舱部位的示意图。
答：货物积载图14．保税是指（）。
答：海关保留对货物征税的权利15．（）是指经海关批准未办理纳税手续进境，在境内储存、加工、装配后复运出境的货物。
答：保税货物16．（）是指经海关批准设立的专门存放（）以及其他未办结关手续货物的仓库。
答：保税仓库，保税货物17．（）又称保税仓库区，是海关设置或经海关批准注册的，受海关监督的特定地区和仓库。
答：保税区18．海运风险包括（）和（）两类。
答：海上风险，外来风险19．（）是指被保险货物在海洋运输中，因遭受海上风险而造成的损坏或灭失。
就货物损失的性质而言，可分为（）和（）。
答：海上损失，共同海损，单独海损20．全部损失是指被保险货物遭受全部损失，按损失情况的不同，可分为（）和（）。
答：实际全损，推定全损21．根据我国现行的《海洋货物运输保险条款》的规定，在基本险别中包括（）、（）和一切险。
答：平安险，水渍险22．（）是根据客户的指示，并为客户的利益而揽取货物运输的人，其本身并不是承运人。
答：国际货运代理23．根据船公司对船舶经营方式的不同，可将海洋运输分为（）和（）。
答：班轮运输，租船运输24．根据货物是否已装船，可将提单分为（）和（）。
答：已装船提单，收货待运提单25．集装箱运输方式根据货物装箱数量和方式不同可分为（）和（）两种。
答：整箱，拼箱【名词解释】国际物流答：广义的国际物流是指货物（包括原材料、半成品、制成品）及物品（如邮品、展品、捐赠物资等）在不同国家和地区间的流动和转移。
狭义的国际物流指当生产和消费分别在两个或两个以上的国家（或地区）独立进行时，为了克服生产和消费之间的空间隔离和时间距离，对物资（商品）进行物理性移动的一项国际商品贸易或交流活动，从而完成国际商品交易的最终目的，即实现卖方交付单证、货物和收取货款，而买方接受单证、支付货款和收取货物的贸易对流条件。
国际贸易答：国际贸易是指世界各国（地区）之间的商品以及服务和技术交换活动。
转口贸易答：转口贸易，指本国从A国进口商品后，再出口至B国的贸易，本国的贸易就称为转口贸易。
过境贸易答：过境贸易，指商品由A国运往B国途中，途经本国，对于本国来说即为过境贸易。
理货答：理货是指船方或货主根据运输合同在装运港和卸货港收受和交付货物时，委托港口的理货机构代理完成的在港口对货物进行计数、检查货物残损、指导装舱积载、制作有关单证等工作。
保税货物答：保税货物是指经海关批准未办理纳税手续进境，在境内储存、加工、装配后复运出境的货物。
保税仓库答：保税仓库是指经海关批准设立的专门存放保税货物及其他未办结海关手续货物的仓库。
国际货运代理答：国际货运代理协会联合会的定义：国际货运代理是根据客户的指示，并为客户的利益而揽取货物运输的人，其本身并不是承运人。
《中华人民共和国国际货物运输代理业管理规定》的定义：接受进出口货物收货人、发货人的委托，以委托人的名义或者以自己的名义，为委托人办理国际货物运输及相关业务并收取服务费的行业。
【简答题】什么是国际物流，有什么特点？答：广义的国际物流是指货物（包括原材料、半成品、制成品）及物品（如邮品、展品、捐赠物资等）在不同国家和地区间的流动和转移。
狭义的国际物流指当生产和消费分别在两个或两个以上的国家（或地区）独立进行时，为了克服生产和消费之间的空间隔离和时间距离，对物资（商品）进行物理性移动的一项国际商品贸易或交流活动，从而完成国际商品交易的最终目的，即实现卖方交付单证、货物和收取货款，而买方接受单证、支付货款和收取货物的贸易对流条件。
国际物流的特点：国际性、复杂性、高风险性、运输方式的多样性。
简述国际物流与国际贸易的关系。
答：国际物流是随着国际贸易的发展而产生和发展起来的，并已成为影响和制约国际贸易进一步发展的重要因素。
国际贸易与国际物流之间存在着非常紧密的关系。
（1．国际物流是开展国际贸易的必要条件，国际物流是完成国际贸易必不可少的环节。
（2．国际贸易促进了物流国际化。
跨国经营与国际贸易的发展，促进了事物和信息在世界范围内的大量流动和广泛交换，物流国际化成为国际贸易和世界经济发展的必然趋势。
（3．国际贸易不断对国际物流提出新的要求，如：质量要求、效率要求、安全要求、经济要求等。
简述出口合同履行的程序（以CIF为例）。
答：出口合同的履行包括：（1．备货；（2．报验；（3．催证；（3．审证；（5．租船、订舱，投保；（6．制单结汇。
简述进口合同履行的程序（以FOB为例）。
答：（1．开立信用证；（2．派船接运货物与投保；（3．审单和付汇；（3．报关；（5．验收货物；（6．办理拨交手续；（7．进口索赔。
简述理货单证的作用。
答：（1．承运人与托运人或提单持有人之间办理货物数字和外表状态交接的证明；（2．承运人、托运人、提单持有人以及港方、保险人之间处理货物索赔案件的凭证；（3．船舶发生海事时，处理海事案件的主要资料，这里主要是指货物积载图的作用；（3．港口安排作业，收货人安排提货的主要依据。
这里主要是指货物实际积载图和分舱单的作用；（5．船舶在航行途中，保管照料货物的主要依据；（6．买卖双方履行合同情况的主要凭证；（7．理货机构处理日常业务往来的主要依据。
国际货运代理有何作用？答：国际货运代理的作用主要有：（1．能够安全、迅速、准确、节省、方便地组织进出口货物运输。
（2．能够就运费、包装、单证、结关、检查检验、金融、领事要求等提供咨询，并对国外市场的价格、销售情况提供信息和建议。
（3．能够提供优质服务。
为委托人办理国际货物运输中某一个环节的业务或全程各个环节的业务，手续方便简单。
（3．能够把小批量的货物集中成为组货物进行运输，既方便了货主，也方便了承运人。
（5．能够掌握货物全程的运输信息，使用现代化的通信设备随时向委托人报告货物在途的运输情况。
（6．货运代理不仅能组织协调运输，而且影响到新运输方式的创造、新运输路线的开发以及新费率的制定。
特别是在简述海运提单的作用。
答：提单，是指用以证明海上货物运输合同和货物已经由承运人接收或者装船，以及承运人保证据以交付货物的单证。
其作用有：（1．提单是运输合同的证明；（2．提单是承运人拉收货物或货物装船的收据；（3．提单是物权凭证。