新闻翻译讲义
2023-2024学年上海市浦东新区八年级(上)期中语文试卷(含解析)
2023-2024学年上海市浦东新区八年级（上）期中语文试卷一、文言文阅读（25分）1．（9分）古诗文默写，完成问题。
（1）乱花渐欲迷人眼， 。
（白居易《钱塘湖春行》）（2） ，烟波江上使人愁。
（崔颢《黄鹤楼》）（3）急湍甚箭， 。
（吴均《与朱元思书》）（4）国庆期间，小明跟随父母领略祖国大好河山。
当他乘坐的渡船在江上行驶，看到山峦随着平原伸展而消失，他随即想到李白《渡荆门送别》也有这番景象： ， 。
2．（8分）阅读下面的古诗文，完成问题。
【甲】野望王绩东皋薄暮望，徙倚欲何依。
树树皆秋色，山山唯落晖。
牧人驱犊返，猎马带禽归。
相顾无相识，长歌怀采薇。
【乙】答谢中书书ㅤㅤ山川之美，古来共谈。
高峰入云，清流见底。
两岸石壁，四时俱备。
晓雾将歇，猿鸟乱鸣，沉鳞竞跃。
实是欲界之仙都。
自康乐以来，未复有能与其奇者。
（1）【甲】诗是王绩创作的 （体裁），【乙】文作者是南朝齐梁的 （人名）。
（2）用现代汉语翻译下面的句子。
自康乐以来，未复有能与其奇者。
（3）【甲】诗和【乙】文都是融情于景的作品：【甲】诗描写山村傍晚的秋景，在安闲的气氛中流露出诗人 的心情；【乙】文描绘了江南秀丽的山川景色，流露出作者 的思想情感。
3．（8分）阅读下面的语段，完成问题。
九石①弓ㅤㅤ齐宣王好射，说人之谓己能用强弓也。
其尝所用，不过三石。
以示左右，左右皆试引之，中关②而止，皆曰：“此不下九石，非王其孰能用是？”宣王之情，所用不过三石，而终身自以为用九石【注释】①石：重量单位，一石为120斤。
②关：同“弯”，指拉满弓。
中关（1）解释文中的加点字。
①说人之谓己能用强弓也 ②左右皆试引之 （2）下列对划线句的理解，正确的一项是 A.这不是大王所能够使用的吗？B.除了大王还有谁能用这张弓？C.难道大王不能使用这张弓吗？D.莫非只有大王能够正确使用？（3）大臣都说“此不下九石”，原因是 （用原文语句回答）。
（4）齐宣王之“悲”在于被人蒙骗终身不知，从而告诉我们 的道理。
英语新闻翻译的研究方法
新闻翻译的方法与策略摘要：众所周知，词与词形成句，句与句构成篇，从而组成一则新闻。
因此句子就成了整个新闻的主要组成部分。
对新闻英语句子的翻译是始终表现出一个翻译者或一个记者的技巧。
那就是把一个扩展开的简单英语句子翻译成中文的技巧。
我们应该首先把英语句子分成几个意群。
同时根据中国的时间和逻辑的序列，继而把意群转化成中文副本并同时记录下来。
如果任何一个句子的失去了它的逻辑，句子无论如何也不能成立。
本综述报告将着重讲如何分析新闻英语翻译成中文的主要策略并进行研究。
关键词：；新闻英语翻译；方法；策略English news translation methods and strategies research and reviewed in this paperAuthor：Wang Jing The Guide Teacher：Zhang Jianlei Abstract：As we all know that news was formed by sentences and sentences were formed by words. So the sentences were the main part of all the structure of news. The translation of English sentences about news was always show the skill of a translator or a journalist. To translate an expanded simple English sentence into appropriate Chinese. We should first and foremost divide the English sentence into several sense groups. Then transform the sense groups into Chinese counterparts and simultaneously recorder them according to Chinese norms of the sequence of time or the logic. If any of a sentence lost its logic, the sentence could not be made in any case.This paper mainly studies how to use cross-communication theory to translate English news to Chinese.Key words:English news translation; method; strategy1研究背景意义随着经济全球化和技术革命的进一步拓展，市场竞争日益激烈，这就要求我们掌握最基本的一项技能——语言的沟通。
七年级英语下册知识讲义-重点短语(Unit 3(8 At a Restaurant))-北师大版
知识梳理【短语学习】1. a bowl of 一碗a bowl of 后跟可数名词复数或不可数名词，常为rice米饭，water 水，noodles面条等。
Would you like a bowl of soup? 来碗汤好吗？考查单位词的用法。
不可数名词的量有两种表示方法：（1）用some, much, a little, a lot of等表示多少。
既可以与可数名词复数，又可以与不可数名词连用的有：some, a lot of, lots of等。
（2）用单位词a…of表示。
如：a cup of（一杯……）; a bottle of（一瓶……）; a pair of（一双……）（3）a…of后除可接抽象名词和物质名词（不可数名词）外，还可接可数名词复数形式。
如：a pair of shoes一双鞋；a bag of nuts 一袋坚果；a pair of glasses 一副眼镜；a basket of apples 一篮苹果。
Please pass us _________________.A. two glass of milkB. two glass of milksC. two glasses of milksD. two glasses of milk答案：D思路分析：milk是不可数名词，表示其量用a glass／bottle of，表示复数有几/许多杯／瓶牛奶时，glass，bottle要变为复数。
2. two sandwiches 两块三明治sandwich是可数名词，以ch结尾的词变复数时在后面加es。
可数名词变复数时，可以在其前面直接加基数词。
She ordered a hamburger and French fries.她叫了一份汉堡包和炸薯条。
考查可数名词与不可数名词的用法。
可数名词与不可数名词：名词就是表示人、事物或抽象概念的词，它可以分为可数名词与不可数名词。
新闻英语的词汇特点及其翻译策略-讲义
总结：
新闻英语是重要的国际文化传媒，在 词汇运用上，新闻英语显示了不同于其他 文体的鲜明特色。在翻译新闻英语过程中， 译者应结合新闻英语的词汇特点，注重理 解的恰当无误以及表达的简洁和准确，这 样才能达到良好的效果。
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新闻英语的词汇特点：
◆ 1. 小词（midget words），即简短词，一般 为单音节词。 e.g. Year's biggest fire guts 178 homes. 这里gut表示destroy completely by fire（火灾 毁坏）。
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新闻英语的词汇特点：
◆ 2. 旧词新用是指有一定意义的词语由于词 性的转化或者词义的延伸而被赋予新的含义。 新闻报道常常使用“临时造次/生造词”， 即临时创造，或者是拼凑起来的词或词组。 e.g. Euro mart (European market—欧洲市场), haves and have-not (富人和穷人)。
精品
新闻英语的词汇特点及其翻译策略
新闻英语：
◆ 1. 新闻英语（Journalistic English），是指运 用于新闻报道、具有新闻特征、满足新闻报 道和新闻传播需求的英语。
◆ 2. 新闻报道常使用某些词汇来表示事实和事 件，因此这些新闻词汇经过长期使用后逐渐 取得与新闻报道相联系的特殊意义，成为新 闻体词汇（Journalistic Words）。
◆ e.g. This film is a remake. remake 多数情况下为动词，此处指”翻拍的电影“。
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新闻英语汉译策略：
3. 首字母缩写词
(1) 在翻译时可以直接使用缩写词，即”省译“。 GDP: gross domestic product 国内生产总值 WB: world bank 世界银行
人教版英语八下 Unit5 讲义
Unit5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came?一、重点词汇及拓展1. rainstorm n.暴风雨storm n.暴风雨a heavy/serious rainstorm 一场大的暴风雨e.g. What were you doing at the time of the rainstorm? 当暴风雨来临的时候你正在做什么？windstorm n.风暴brainstorm n.头脑风暴sandstorm n.沙尘暴2. alarmn. 闹钟alarm clock 闹钟n. 警报器a fire/smoke alarm 防火/ 烟火警报器false alarm 虚假警报；虚惊一场（口语中常用来表达乌龙事件）v.警告3. go off(闹钟)发出响声e.g. A car alarm went off at night. 在晚上一辆汽车的警报器响了起来。
(指电力) 中断；(指电灯) 熄灭e.g. Suddenly, the lights went off. 灯光突然熄灭了。
go短语总结：go up 上升；增长go over 复习；仔细检查go through 浏览；经历；度过；仔细检查go across= cross 穿过；go away 离开；走开go back 返回；追溯到...go out of 从......出来；go out of one’s way to do sth. 格外努力做某事；4. begin v.开始begin-began-begunbegin to do/doinge.g. I began reading this novel last month. 我上个月开始读这本书。
to begin with 一开始；首先begin with=start with 以......开始近义词：start v.开始；发动（汽车引擎）start to do/doingbeginning n. 开始at the beginning of 在……开始的时候近义词：start n.开始5. heavily adv.在很大程度上；大量地e.g. It is raining heavily. 雨下得很大。
高中英语九大词性分类与用法详解课件：专题02 名词
passers-by
过路人
editor-in-chief editors-in-chief 总编辑
brother-in-law brothers-in-law 姐夫
②无主体名词的复合名词，在词尾加-s.
grown-up
grown-ups 成年人
hang-up
hang-ups 障碍
go-between
② 以s结尾的复数名词的所有格形式只在词后加～’。 如：the teachers’ office
③ 以s结尾的专有名词的所有格，既可加～’s
也可加～’。如：Engels’（s）letter
④ 两者或两者以上共有的所有格形式只在后者用 所有格形式，如:Tom and Mike’s room
若表示分别拥有时，则要在每个名词后用 所有格形式，如:Tom’s and Mike’s rooms
群岛、山脉、亚运、奥运等名词视为复数，
the Rocky Mountains（落基山脉） the Olympic Games（奥林匹克运动会）
（4）变为复数形式，意义不同的名词
paper纸张 papers文件
time时间
content容量 contents目录 Nhomakorabeawork工作
arm胳膊
arms武器
custom习俗
good好处
goods货物
water水
It is the custom of foreigners to do so.
Did you have any trouble with the customs？
I hurt my arm. There’s a lot of blood.
Take up arms against the enemy.
新东方高一语法
高一英语语法真题讲义主讲：王延超欢迎使用新东方在线电子教材一、冠词&名词冠词C 1. Jumping out of airplane at ten thousand feet is quite exciting experience .A. / , theB. / , anC. an , anD. the , theC 2. －What kind of _________ computer would you like to buy?－DIY supercomputer, a new product that has just been put on __________ market.A. that; aB. the; \C. a; theD. \; theA3. _______ president is talking on ______ phone with ________ astronaut traveling in _______ space.A. The ; the ; the ; /B. The; the; an; /C. A; / ; an ; theD. /; /; the ; theB 4. —Do you often listen to radio or watch TV ?—Well , I seldom watch TV , and I haven’t got radio .A. / ; / ; the / aB. the ; / ; / ; aC. / ; the ; the ; theD. the ; the ; / ; aB5. The warmth of_________sweater will of course be determined by the sort of_________wool used.A. the; theB. the;/C. /; theD. /; /B6.—Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?—Sorry, wrong number, There isn’t Mr. Smith here.A.不填B.aC.theD.one B7. If you go by _________ train, you can have quite a comfortable journey, but make sure you get __________ fast one.A. the; theB. 不填；aC. the; aD. 不填；不填名词1．The tiger's_____ (tooth) are bigger than the monkey's.Teeth;，由谓语动词are决定主语用复数；2. There are two new ______ (shelf) in my study.Shelves；名词特殊变化；3. Many ______ (foreign) have visited Beijing in the last few years.Foreigners；使用名词形式的复数做主语；4. Two ______teach English in my school. (English)English；单复数不变5．There are a lot of ______ down there, but hardly any ______.A. sheep; peopleB. sheep; peoplesC. sheeps; peoplesD. sheeps; peopleA；单复数同形；6．--How many ______ are there in the box?--There is only one.A. potatoB. potatoesC. tomatosD. radioesB；特殊结尾的变化；7、He's left a ______ saying he has something important to do.A. excuseB. sentenceC. newsD. message解析：news (消息、新闻)为不可数名词，不能在其前直接加a/an；excuse是可数名词，其前可用an限定；leave a message为习惯用语，故选D。
考研英语(--翻译 基础)课程电子版教材
说得更具体一点，可以寻找下面一些“信号词”来对英语句子进行拆分，进而更加有效的理解英语原文：
基本原则：把主句和从句拆分出来，把主干部分和修饰部分拆分出来。
连词：如and, or, but, yet, for等并列连词连接着并列句；还有连接状语从句的连接词，如：when, as, since, until, before, after, where, because, since, thought, although, so that, ......等等；它们就成了理解英语句子的拆分点。
2001年：计算机与未来生活
2002年：行为科学的发展
2003年：人类学的发展
2004年：语言学
2005年：传媒领域中的电视媒介
2006年：美国知识分子的作用
2007年：法学在新闻报道中的作用。
第二讲 考研翻译的过程和核心解题策略
翻译的基本过程
翻译的基本定义“翻译是在准确理解的基础上用一种语言来忠实的表达另外一种语言”
一、理解
例子：
The medicinal herb helps a cough.
误译：这种草药帮助咳嗽。
改译：这种草药可治疗咳嗽。
二、表达
例如，1997年考研翻译
Do animals have right? This is how the question is usually put. It sounds like a useful, ground-clearing way to start. Actually, it isn't, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.
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Contents
1.Basic knowledge about agency news translation
1.1A brief introduction to news agencies as translation agencies 1.2The importance of agency news translation 1.3The nature of news translation 1.4 News translation criteria 2. Basic knowledge about news writing 2.1Definition of news 2.2News text types 2.3Structure of news text
2.4Sentence construction of news report 2.5Word features of news report 2.6Language style and text style of news report 2.7Genres and materials of news report
This is because translation is not conceived as separate from other journalistic tasks of writing up and editing, and is mainly assumed by the news editor, who usually works as part of a desk, where news reports are edited and translated and sent to a specific newswire. Both processes of edition and translation imply the tasks of selection, correction, verification, completion, development or reduction that will give texts the final form in which they appear in the newswire.
AFP does not offer a Portuguese service but produces a Dutch wire), which are the languages of their main news markets. To these only Arabic is a recent addition (launched by Reuters in 1954 and by AFP in 1969). Therefore, news translation into one of these major languages is undertaken by the news agencies themselves. In the case of other languages, it is the subscribing news organizations which assume the task of translating the information provided by the news agencies.
We will see in more detail below what the process of news translation entails. At the moment, it will suffice to present it as an example of rewriting in the journalistic field, comparable to literary rewritings such as translations, anthologies (collections), literary histories, biographies and book reviews, all of which, according to André Lefevere, entail similar processes of adaptation and manipulation of the original text (1992: 38). Like literary rewritings, journalistic rewritings are the form in which news are made available to readers worldwide, although this fact is either generally hidden or taken for granted.
In the first decades after their inception, news agencies already offered news services in different languages directed to the main Western news markets, and developed global networks which efficiently dealt with linguistic diversity. Agency journalists who pioneered in the expansion of their worldwide networks, managing offices in new regions and serving as agents in the furthest corners of the world were, very much like the founders themselves, also characterized by their cosmopolitan formation and multilingual skills.
The organization and features of news agencies today with regard to language and translation are not substantially different from what they were in the second half of the 19th century. At present, three organizations occupy a leading position in the field of global news: Reuters, the American news cooperative Associated Press, and Agence France Presse. Global news agencies traditionally produce newswires in the major European languages (English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, German;
3.Translation of news title 4.Word matching in news translation 5. Principles of word matching in news translation
News agencies as translation agencies:a brief introduction
Translation of agency news
The need to deal with linguistic diversity in news production and the simultaneous circulation of news in different languages makes translation an important part of news agency work. But news agencies do not tend to employ translators as such.
News agencies specialized, since their creation in the middle of the 19th century, in the provision of international news, initially to domestic markets and later, through alliances with other news agencies worldwide, on a glቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱbal scale. This implied dealing with a diversity of languages and with translation from the very start.
Translation is thus an important part of journalistic work and is subject to the same requirements of genre and style that govern journalistic production in general. News organizations employ journalists rather than translators because only the former have the specific skills needed for the job: an experience of journalistic work and a precise knowledge of journalistic genres and style. Even if they are not journalists, news translators are required to work as if they were.