霍桑Nathaniel-Hawthorne
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霍桑Nathaniel Hawthorne(英国文学版)
Symbolism
The Scarlet Letter is usually regarded as the first symbolic novel to be written in the United States.
The end ^_^
Themes : Evil & Sin
2) Black vision
Evil
Байду номын сангаас
exists in the human heart possesses some evil secret
Everyone Everyone Evil Sin
seems to cover up his innerost evil
Childhood:
Education: Friends:
a secluded life
Bowdoin College (1821-1825)
H. W. Longfellow & Franklin Pierce
1692,Trial of an accused witch in Salem
The Marble Faun ，1860《大理石雕像》
Famous short stories:
Young Goodman Brown(1835) 《小伙子布朗》
The Minister’s Black Veil (1836)《教长的黑纱》
Dr.Heidegger's Experiment(1837)《海德格尔医生的实验》 Rappaccini’s Daughter (1844)《拉帕奇尼的女儿》
Literary style
Setting Themes Feature Technique
霍桑的英文简介
霍桑的英文简介霍桑的英文简介Nathaniel Hawthorne From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to:navigation, search Nathaniel Hawthorne Nathaniel Hawthorne in the 1860sBornJuly 4, 1804(1804-07-04) Salem, Massachusetts, United StatesDiedMay 19,1864 (aged 59) Plymouth霍桑简介, New Hampshire, United StatesOccupationNovelist, Short story writer, Custom House worker, United States ConsulLiterary movementDark Romantici *** Nathaniel Hawthorne (born Nathaniel Hathorne; July 4, 1804 – May 19, 1864) was an American novelist and short story writer。
Nathaniel Hathorne was born in 1804 in the city of Salem, Massachusetts to Nathaniel Hathorne and Elizabeth Clarke Manning Hathorne。
He later changed his name to "Hawthorne", adding a "w" to dissociate from relatives including John Hathorne, a judge during the Salem Witch Trials。
Nathaniel Hawthrne 霍桑
Nathaniel Hawthorne (霍桑) (1804—1864)
Major Works
Short stories
• Twice-Told Tales 《故事重述》 • Mosses from an old Manse 《古宅青苔》
Major Works
Novels
• The Scarlet Letter 《红字》 1850 • The House of the Seven Gables 《带有七个尖角阁的房子》1851 • Blithedale Romance 《福谷传奇》 1852 • The Marble Faun 《玉石雕像》 1860
Symbolism
• Generally speaking, a symbol is anything which is used to represent some thing other than itself. • In literature, it is most often a concrete object which is used to represent something broader and more abstract--often a moral, religious, or philosophical concept or value.
Major characters in The Scarlet Letter
Arthur Dimmesdale
Hester Prynne
Roger Chillingworth
Pearl
The Pllism
The Scarlet Letter is usually regarded as the first symbolic novel to be written in the United States.
Major Works
Short stories
• Twice-Told Tales 《故事重述》 • Mosses from an old Manse 《古宅青苔》
Major Works
Novels
• The Scarlet Letter 《红字》 1850 • The House of the Seven Gables 《带有七个尖角阁的房子》1851 • Blithedale Romance 《福谷传奇》 1852 • The Marble Faun 《玉石雕像》 1860
Symbolism
• Generally speaking, a symbol is anything which is used to represent some thing other than itself. • In literature, it is most often a concrete object which is used to represent something broader and more abstract--often a moral, religious, or philosophical concept or value.
Major characters in The Scarlet Letter
Arthur Dimmesdale
Hester Prynne
Roger Chillingworth
Pearl
The Pllism
The Scarlet Letter is usually regarded as the first symbolic novel to be written in the United States.
大学英美文学《霍桑》英文介绍
The Symbolic Meaning of the Four Characters’ Name
Hester: Hestier, Hastier, women’s name-Star Arthur Dimmesdale: →AD →Adultery; Dim+Stale=bad luck Roger Chillingworth: cool / chilly; Roger ≈rogue（无赖）;
•He rejected the Transcendentalists’ transparent optimism about the potentialities of human nature. •Sin and evil can be passed from generation to generation, evil educated. •He had a negative attitude toward science.
The Plot
Seven years later, pearls grew into a beautiful girl, and Hester again won the respect of others. Chillingworth also found that adulterer, the minister, Dimmesdale who was constantly subjected to mental torture.
•Cruel •Devious
Chillingworth
The Maker of the Scarlet Letter
The main characters discussion
Pearl
•Beautiful •Pure
霍桑Nathaniel Hawthorne
作品特点：
描写社会和人性的阴暗面是霍桑作品的突出特点， 这与加尔文教关于人的“原罪”和“内在堕落”的 理论的影响是分不开的。 霍桑是心理小说的开创者，擅长剖析人的“内心”。 他着重探讨道德和罪恶的问题，主张通过善行和自 忏来洗刷罪恶、净化心灵，从而得到拯救。 然而霍桑并非全写黑暗，他在揭露社会罪恶和人的 劣根性的同时，对许多善良的主人公寄予极大的同 情。
Roger Chillingworth
Chillingworth’s Revenge
He is a scholar and uses his knowledge to disguise（伪装） himself as a doctor, intent on discovering and tormenting Hester's anonymous lover.
Little Pearl, who's born with a false charge, grows up innocent and lively with no restraint. She is destined to live a happy life .
一个出生就被冠以无须有罪名的小珍珠，她天真活泼不畏
The Scarlet Letter
——character analysis
L
I
D
LOADING LOADING
Hester
A
Dimmesdale
G
Chillingworth
Peal
Hester Prynne
Hester Prynne
Crime(犯罪 →Atonement(赎罪 →Renascence(重生) ↓ ↓ Rebel or Compromise About women’s right and freedom
纳撒尼尔·霍桑（NathanielHawthorne）的《通天铁路》
纳撒尼尔•霍桑（Nathaniel Hawthorne）的《通天铁路》这篇附加的小故事是纳撒尼尔•霍桑于1852年在一本名为《雪景和其他故事新编》中发表的。
霍桑，19世纪最伟大的美国作家，以一部经典的英语散文集约翰.班扬John Bunyan 的《天路历程》The Pilgrim’s Progress中的一篇的形式写了《通天铁路》。
约翰.班扬（1628－1688）是一名英国清教徒传教士和作家。
他写了《天路历程》中大部分的文章，但因为在清教徒革命和奥利弗.克伦威尔（Oliver Cromwell）统治结束后随之而来的斯图亚特王朝的复辟时期拒绝使自己顺应官方的英国国教而被投入监狱。
《天路历程》是一部精心制作的宗教寓言。
在寓言中，主角，基督徒，抛弃了他在毁灭之城的生活开始了一段漫长、艰辛的旅途，决心到达天国之城。
他徒步旅行，肩上背负着重担（象征着原罪）。
他穿越了失望沼泽，经由柴门逃离了毁灭之城，经受了许多偏离通往天国之城的正确路线、动摇他信念的诱惑。
陪伴着基督徒的旅途，一位老于世故的先生试图劝阻他，而且由于福音传道者和广心先生的严厉干预，他数次获得了拯救。
他们指引迷茫的基督徒回到通往天国城的道路。
他克服了山峰高耸的困难挑战，用手中的剑打败了残暴的亚玻伦（Apollyon）（精神怀疑的恶魔），穿越了死亡阴影的峡谷，然后在空虚之城停留了一段时间。
在那里基督徒参观了集市和空虚集市的商业中心（以17世纪英格兰的大型夏季商业集市为模型），而那里也有一个同伴。
信徒，见证了一个殉教者的结局。
最终，基督徒成功地避开了托非特（地狱）之火，到达了以色列的土地。
在他渡过死亡河，然后进入天国城之前，这是一个令人愉快的休憩之地。
霍桑的叙事形式代表了一种更新的19世纪中期受班扬影响的美国视角和流行故事。
通天铁路The Celestial Railroad不久前，穿过梦幻的大门，我访问了世界驰名的“灭亡城”所在地，得知最近，一些热心公益的居民出力，在这座人口稠密兴旺发达的城市与“天城”之间，修筑了一条铁路，遂兴致大发。
Nathaniel Hawthorne 霍桑 简介
Nathaniel Hawthorne
(1804-1864)
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Early Life
July 4, 1804 in Salem, Massachusetts
After father’s death in 1808, he lived with mother’s
relatives His great-great- grandfather, John Hathorne, was a crucial judge in the Salem Witch Trails, John Hathorne never repented of his wrong actions, which
Hawthorne felt shame about.
Hathorne Hawthorne
In1819, Hawthorne was sent back to Salem for school, and he made the written homemade newspaper which included essays, poems, and news In 1821, Hawthorne was sent to Bowdoin College
White Mountains in Plymouth,
New Hampshire Hawthorne was buried in Sleepy Hollow Cemetery, Concord, Massachusetts.
Reference
/wiki/Nathaniel_Hawthorne /wiki/Sophia_Hawthorne
•Never really gets classified as a Transcendentalist.
(1804-1864)
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Early Life
July 4, 1804 in Salem, Massachusetts
After father’s death in 1808, he lived with mother’s
relatives His great-great- grandfather, John Hathorne, was a crucial judge in the Salem Witch Trails, John Hathorne never repented of his wrong actions, which
Hawthorne felt shame about.
Hathorne Hawthorne
In1819, Hawthorne was sent back to Salem for school, and he made the written homemade newspaper which included essays, poems, and news In 1821, Hawthorne was sent to Bowdoin College
White Mountains in Plymouth,
New Hampshire Hawthorne was buried in Sleepy Hollow Cemetery, Concord, Massachusetts.
Reference
/wiki/Nathaniel_Hawthorne /wiki/Sophia_Hawthorne
•Never really gets classified as a Transcendentalist.
Nathaniel Hawthorne 霍桑
Nathaniel Hawthorne
霍 桑 (1804-1864)
I. Life and works
Born at ch spelled the name Hathorne
Salem Witchcraft Trial– 1688, 1692, epilepsy， hanged, imprisoned
Father’s death– the son’s somber and solitary attitude
Bowdoin College– Longfellow, Franklin Pierce Worked at the custom office– consul in Liverpool, England– died in 1864.
Twice-Told Tales (1837) Mosses from an Old Manse (1846)《古宅青苔》 The Scarlet Letter (1850)
The House of the Seven Gables(1851) 《七个尖角阁的房子》 The Blithedale Romance(1852)《福谷传奇》 The Marble Faun(1860)《玉石雕像》
III. Evaluation
a master of psychological insight; His significance as a writer can be
summarized mainly in 3 aspects: 1. as a romantic writer 2 for his themes 3. for his style (with narrative interest, ease
▪ Explore ways of redeeming sin: brave to confess and face it, correct it through love, devotion, generosity and forgiveness
霍 桑 (1804-1864)
I. Life and works
Born at ch spelled the name Hathorne
Salem Witchcraft Trial– 1688, 1692, epilepsy， hanged, imprisoned
Father’s death– the son’s somber and solitary attitude
Bowdoin College– Longfellow, Franklin Pierce Worked at the custom office– consul in Liverpool, England– died in 1864.
Twice-Told Tales (1837) Mosses from an Old Manse (1846)《古宅青苔》 The Scarlet Letter (1850)
The House of the Seven Gables(1851) 《七个尖角阁的房子》 The Blithedale Romance(1852)《福谷传奇》 The Marble Faun(1860)《玉石雕像》
III. Evaluation
a master of psychological insight; His significance as a writer can be
summarized mainly in 3 aspects: 1. as a romantic writer 2 for his themes 3. for his style (with narrative interest, ease
▪ Explore ways of redeeming sin: brave to confess and face it, correct it through love, devotion, generosity and forgiveness
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Psychological and physical struggle
About human’s nature and sociality
eg. When Hester tells him Chillingworth is her husband, he is not brave to face and overcome it, but to sink down on the ground, and burry his face in his hands, he throws his burden upon Hester. “I am powerless to go! ….Lost as my own soul is, I would still do what I may for other human souls! I dare not quit my post…
小说以两百多年前的殖民地时期的美洲为背景，围绕 着四个主人公之间的爱恨、善恶、惩罚与报复而展 开，同时揭露了19世纪资本主义发展时代的美国社 会法典的残酷、宗教的欺骗和道德的虚伪。
the scarlet letter
main characters:
Hester Prynne 海斯特· 白兰(a woman with the scarlet letter A on her dress）
father:died when he was only four mother:relied on relatives in rearing the
children a family with long puritan tradition brought up by his uncle he graduated from bowdoin college in 1842
↓
↓
Rebel or Compromise
About women’s right and freedom
Adultery
Able Amiable Angel
Arthur Dimmesdale
Dimmesdale
Clues: Sin → struggle → extricate 解脱
Dilemma: Confess or conceal隐藏
各界束缚地成长着。她的生命注定是幸福的。
谢谢观赏！
Names
Chillingworth---cold and inhuman “Prynne” rhymes with “sin” “Dimmesdale”---“dimness”---weakness,
indeterminacy, lack of insight, and lack of will. “Pearl”---“great price” that is salvation.
human spirit.
the house of the seven gables(1851)《有七个尖 角阁的房子》
the bithedale romance(1852)《福谷传奇》
the marble faun(1860)《玉石雕像》
background
《红字》是19世纪美国浪漫主义作家霍桑的长篇小说， 同时也被称为是美国的第一部象征主义小说。
霍桑是心理小说的开创者，擅长剖析人的“内心”。 他着重探讨道德和罪恶的问题，主张通过善行和自 忏来洗刷罪恶、净化心灵，从而得到拯救。
然而霍桑并非全写黑暗，他在揭露社会罪恶和人的 劣根性的同时，对许多善良的主人公寄予极大的同 情。
short stories
twice-told tales(1837)《故事重述》 which includes the minister's black veil《教长
的面纱》 mosses from an old manse(1846）《古屋青苔》 which included young good man brown《好小伙
子布朗》 the snow image and other twice-told tales《雪
人及其他故事重述》
novels
the scarlet letter(1850)《红字》 ---a treatment of the effects of sin on the
这也暗示了他以古喻今的创作意图。但是出于清教徒的审慎， 霍桑采取了浪漫主义小说的创作形式。他认为只有这样，作者 才能才能在“真实的世界”和“仙境”之间找到现实与想象得 以相结合的“中间地带”。
霍桑的伟大正在于他能以表面温和而实质犀利的笔锋暴露黑暗、 讽刺邪恶、揭示真理。
作品特点：
描写社会和人性的阴暗面是霍桑作品的突出特点， 这与加尔文教关于人的“原罪”和“内在堕落”的 理论的影响是分不开的。
The Scarlet Letter
——character analysis
L
I
D
Hester
LOADDINNGG
A
G Dimmesdale
Chillingworth
Peal
Hester Prynne
Hester Prynne
Crime(犯罪) →Atonement(赎罪) →Renascence(重生)
¤ Kind
"Dear little pearl, are you willing to kiss me now? That day in the woods you do not want to kiss me! Can you now?"
Pearl kissed his lips. A situation where even her own role is as a great tragedy, aroused the wild child’s compassion.
As Hester says: Old Roger Chillingworth was a striking evidence of man’s faculty（能力） of transforming himself into a devil.
Pearl
¤ Pure
she never cares about what others will think about her, she just live by herself. She is as happy as an ordinary girl, even more than that. She never tries to hate anyone, just considering many as natural and tries to find answers to what’s on her mind.
Roger Chillingworth 齐灵渥斯(Hester Prynne's husband，a doctor)
Arthur Dimmesdale丁梅斯代尔(Hester Prynne's lover,a minister)
Pearl 珠儿(daughter of Hester Prynne and Arthur Dimmesdale）
---Nathaniel Hawthorne
即使尸骨已经腐烂，但我已经将自己最好的年华奉 献给追求知识的梦想中。
创作理念：
霍桑认为：美国“没有阴影，没有古风，没有秘传，没有绚丽 而又昏默的冤孽，只有光天之下的枯燥乏味的繁荣”，给作家 提供的素材极少。因此，霍桑把注意力转向过去，力图借助想 象去挖掘历史上对创作有益的素材，以便“把过去了的时代与 我们面前一瞬即逝的现在联系起来”。
Little Pearl, who's born with a false charge, grows up innocent and lively with no restraint. She is destined to live a happy life .
一个出生就被冠以无须有罪名的小珍珠，她天真活泼不畏
Nathaniel Hawthorne 纳萨尼尔·霍桑
职业：作家、小说家 主要成就：
美国心理分析小说开创者 浪漫主义小说家 象征主义小说家
family backgrounds
ancestors:a judge relate to salem witchcraft trails of 1692（塞勒姆驱巫案件)
inthe same class with longfellow and franklin pierce(the 14th us president)
famous remarks
a man already in decay,having given my best years to feed the hungry dream of knowledge.
Roger Chillingworth
Chillingworth’s Revenge
He is a scholar and uses his e to disguise（伪装） himself as a doctor, intent on discovering and tormenting Hester's anonymous lover.