铜铝复合散热器75-50

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【空白试卷】2017年度全国注册公用设备工程师(暖通空调)执业资格考试试卷专业案例(下)

2017年度全国注册公用设备工程师（暖通空调）执业资格考试试卷专业案例（下）《全国勘察设计注册工程师公用设备工程师暖通空调专业考试备考应试指南》2019版编委会制二〇一九年九月应考人员注意事项1、建议模拟考试时间：(周日)下午2：00~5：002、书写用笔：黑色墨水笔；考生在试卷上作答时，必须使用书写用笔，不得使用铅笔，否则视为违纪试卷；填涂答题卡用笔：黑色2B铅笔。

3、须用书写用笔将工作单位、姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡和试卷相应的栏目内。

4、本试卷由25题组成，全部为单项选择题，每题2分，满分为50分。

每小题的四个备选项中只有一个是正确答案，错选、多选均不得分。

5、考生在作答时，必须按题号在试卷上每道试题对应的答案位置处填写上该试题所选择的答案（即填写上所选选项对应的字母），并必须在相应试题解答过程下面的空白处写明该题的主要案例分析或计算过程及计算结果，同时还须将所选答案用2B铅笔填涂在答题卡上。

对不按上述要求作答的，视为无效，该试题不予复评计分。

6、在答题卡上书写与题意无关的语言，或在答题卡上作标记的，均按违纪试卷处理。

7、考试结束时，由监考人员当面将试卷、答题卡一并收回。

8、草稿纸由各地统一配发，考后收回。

9、判卷答案及解析详林星春房天宇主编中国建筑工业出版社《全国勘察设计注册公用设备工程师暖通空调专业考试备考应试指南》2019版（上下册）或关注“小林助考”微信公众号下载电子版答案解析。

2017-4-01.某严寒地区一个六层综合楼，除一层门厅采用地面辐射供暖系统外，其他区域均采用散热器热水供暖系统，计算热负荷分别为散热器系统200kW、地面辐射系统20kW。

散热器供暖系统热媒为75/50℃，地面辐射供暖系统采用混水泵方式，其一次热媒由散热器供暖系统提供，辐射地板供暖热媒为60/50℃。

问：该建筑物供暖系统水流量（t/h）和混水泵的流量（t/h）最接近系列哪一个选项？A. 6.88和1.72B. 6.88和0.688C. 7.568和1.032D. 7.912和1.032参考答案：【】主要解题过程：2017-4-02.寒冷地区某工厂食堂净高4米，一面外墙，窗墙比为0.4，无外门，设计室温为18℃，食堂围护结构基本耗热量为150kW（含朝向修正），冷风渗透热负荷19kW。

EPIC 多用途封闭接触器 150A以上电源切换说明书

Multi Purpose EPIC ® Sealed Contactor -150+ Amp Power SwitchingRoHS Compliant , all date codesPatent PendingChassis level UL508 sized power terminals – No need for speciallyrouted power cables, special bus bars, or special lugsRugged EPIC ® Seal rated to 175°C - Same technology used foradvanced aerospace programs that reduces risk of fire or meltdown in over current conditionsHermetically Sealed - Designed to meet: UL1604 for Class I & II, Div 2 and Class III for use in hazardous locations, IP67 for temporary water immersion for 30 min, SAE J1171 - external ignition protection, and ISO8846 for protection against ignition around flammable gassesElectronics-free high efficiency coil – No EMI emissions or cross-talk on your system control powerBuilt-in coil suppression for DC coils - Saves engineering time and parts cost to add external coil suppressionStainless steel hardware and mounting inserts, for years of corrosion free serviceUL508 ambient compliant to 75°C but can operate continuously at 85°C with a higher terminal temperature rise of 60°C. Can also operate up to 125°C in special cases -contact GIGAVAC for details.Not position sensitive – can be mounted in any position for ease of installationElectrical life rating is based on resistive load with TBD maximum inductance in circuit. Because your application may be different, we suggest you test the contactor in your circuit to verify life is as required.End of life is defined as when the dielectric, insulation resistance or contact resistance exceeds the specifications listed.If your application requires a higher current rating, you may want to consider the GIGAVAC GX12 EPIC ® sealed contactor .Make & Break Resistive Currentwith 1/0 cable and 50° terminal temp riseContact Voltages & Life Cycle RatingsDC or 50/60 Hz AC24 V 48 V 72 V 120 V 350 V 750 V150A - (75° C Ambient) 1/150,000100,00040,00020,0007,500 1,200 125A - (75° C Ambient) 1/180,000120,00048,00024,0009,0001,440 100A - (75° C Ambient) 1/225,000150,00060,00030,00011,2501,800 75A - (75° C Ambient) 1/300,000200,00080,00040,00015,0002,400 50A - (75° C Ambient) 1/435,000290,000116,00058,00021,7503,480 30A - (75° C Ambient) 1/750,000500,000200,000100,00037,5006,000 20A - (75° C Ambient) 1/900,000600,000240,000120,00045,0007,200 225A - (50° C Ambient) 2/127,50085,00034,00017,0006,3751,020 Max Break A, 2 cycles (75° C Ambient) 1/2,500A 2,000A 1,500A 1,000A 900A 600A Max Make, 10 cycles (75° C Ambient) 1/1,400A1,100A800A600A500A350A1/ Assumes UL508 ratings with 1/0 cables, UL508 max ambient temperature of 75°C as shown, and max. UL508 terminaltemperature rise of 50°C.At 85°C ambient, contactor can also meet all of its 75°C specifications but the terminal temperature can rise can be up to 60°C, which is higher than the 50°C rise allowed by UL508 and can be higher than some cable insulation ratings.2/ Assumes UL508 ratings with 1/0 cables, at a lower 50°C UL508 ambient temperature, and max. UL508 terminal temperature rise of 50°C.If your application requires a higher current rating, you may want to consider the GIGAVAC GX12 EPIC ® sealed contactor.1/ Assumes UL508 ratings with 1/0 cables, ambient maximum UL 508 temperature of 75°C, and maximum UL508terminal temperature rise of 50°C. Contactor can also carry the higher current as shown for 50°C ambient, and meet all of the UL508 temperature rise requirements.At 85°C ambient, contactor can also meet all of its 75°C specifications but the terminal temperature can rise can be up to 60°C, which is higher than the 50°C rise allowed by UL508 and can be higher than some cable insulation ratings.The maximum terminal temperature rating of the contactor is 175°C, which means much higher currents than shown can be carried and switched. However, this temperature is much higher than most cable insulation ratings, which mean busbars must be used. Contact GIGAVAC for assistance for higher current applications using this contactor.2/ Rating consists of combined inrush + cranking current at the times specified, with 2 seconds off between cycles. This is higher current than is required for UL1107 for marine battery switches.75°C / 50°CCable size 1/1 / 0Continuous, UL508 Max 1/ 10 seconds (1 time) 100 Seconds (1 time) 300 Seconds (1 time)Amp Amp Amp Amp 150 / 225 375 / 560 240 / 360 200 / 300 Starter Carry – Inrush 250 ms (10 repeats 1/ 2/)Amp NA / 2,000 Starter Carry - Cranking 10 sec (10 repeats 1/ 2/)Amp NA / 500 Maximum terminal Temp, Continuous Deg C 175 Maximum terminal Temp, Intermittent Deg C 225Ratings are at worse case temperature extremes, except coil resistance and current are at 25ºC.1/ DC coils have built-in coil suppression. The use of additional external coil suppression can slow the release time andinvalidate the life cycle ratings, or can cause the contactor not to be able to interrupt the maximum current specified. If lower coil back EMF is required, please contact GIGAVAC for assistance.Nominal Volts12Vdc 24Vdc 48Vdc 72Vdc 120Vdc 120Vac, 50/60Hz 240Vac, 50/60HzCoil P/N Designation B C F H J K L Max Volts14285684140140280 Pick-up, Volts, Max 7.51528467272144 Hold, Volts, Min491828464692 Drop-Out, Volts, Min0.50.5 1.8 2.7 4.5 4.59 Coil Resistance @ 25ºC (Ohms ±10%)17853358502125N/A N/A Coil Current, mA, Max at nominal Voltage7002801509056TBD TBD Coil Back EMF (volts) - Built in suppression 1/5555100150288N/AN/A1/ Auxillary contact rating - 2A, 24Vdc Resistive load, 100,000 cycles.2/50 Mohms after life.3/ Contactor can operate up to 125°C in special cases -contact GIGAVAC for details.SpecificationsUnits Specifications Contact Arrangement (main)Form X SPST-NO Contact Arrangement (Auxilary) 1/Form C SPDT Mechanical Lifecycles 1 millionContact ResistanceMax @ rated carry current Typical @ rated carry current mohms mohms .4 .15 to .3Operate time, 25˚CClose (includes bounce) Max Close (includes bounce) Typical Bounce on close, MaxRelease time (includes arc time at max. break current) ms ms ms ms 20 13 7 12 Insulation ResistanceMohms 100 2/ Dielectric at sea level (leakage < 1mA)VRMS 2,500 ShockG’s peak 20 Vibration, Sinusoidal (500-2000 Hz peak)G’s 15Operating ambient Temp Range ˚C -55 to +85 3/ Storage ambient Temp Range ˚C -70 to +175 Weight, TypicalKg (Lb)0.50/(1.1)GX11C ACoil VoltageB = 12 Vdc, internal coil suppressionC = 24 Vdc, internal coil suppression F = 48 Vdc, internal coil suppression H = 72 Vdc, internal coil suppression J = 120 Vdc, internal coil suppression K = 115 VAC, 50/60 Hz L = 240 VAC, 50/60HzCoil TerminationA = Flying leads, 38 cm (15 in)B = Flying leads, 61 cm (24 in)C = Flying leads, 122 cm (48 in)Auxiliary Contact (same length as coil wire selection) Blank = None A = SPDTThe polarity of the power terminals was previously shown reverse from what is correct and what is now indicated. The polarity is important only for switching the "Maximum Break, 2 cycles" when the voltage is over100 Vdc.Application Information:1. WARNING - When using more than one lug on a power terminal, make sure the primary power is closest to thecontactor busbar, with the lower current lug on top, then the washer, then the lock washer, then the nut. Improper order can cause severe over-heating resulting in the possible melting of the connecting cable insulation.2. EPIC ® sealing technology3. Relay Schematics and FormsPower contactsAuxiliary contacts (optional)05/12/08GIGAVAC® - P.O. Box 4428 - Santa Barbara, CA 93140-4428 - ph +(805) 684-8401 - +(805) 755-2000fx +(805) 684-8402 - **************** - - ©Copyright 2003-2008 GIGAVAC, LLC.。

NESLAB 移动浴室冷气器 IBC-4、PBC-2、PBC-75 产品说明书

IBC-4, PBC-2, PBC-75Portable Bath CoolersThermo NESLAB Manual P/N 013526Rev. 12/21/99Instruction and Operation ManualPortable Bath CoolersInstruction and Operation ManualTable of ContentsPREFACECompliance (2)Unpacking (2)Warranty (2)NES-care (2)After-sale Support (2)SECTION ISafetyWarnings (3)SECTION IIGeneral InformationDescription (4)Specifications (4)SECTION IIIInstallationSite (5)Electrical Requirements (5)Fluids (5)Cooling Probes (6)SECTION IVOperationOperation (7)Temperature Adjustment (7)SECTION VMaintenanceService Contracts (8)Cleaning (8)Cooling Fluid (8)SECTION VITroubleshootingChecklist (9)Service Assistance (9)Technical Support (9)SECTION VIIWarranty (10)PrefaceComplianceProducts tested and found to be in compliance with the requirements defined inthe EMC standards defined by 89/336/EEC as well as Low Voltage Directive (LVD)73/23/EEC can be identified by the CE label on the rear of the unit. This labelindicates testing has demonstrated compliance with the following directives:LVD, 73/23/EEC Complies with UL 3101-1:93EMC, 89/336/EEC EN 55011, Class A VerificationEN 50082-1:1992IEC 1000-4-2:1995IEC 1000-4-3:1994IEC 1000-4-4:1995For any additional information refer to the Letter of Compliance that shippedwith the unit (Declaration of Conformity).UnpackingRetain all cartons and packing material until the unit is operated and found tobe in good condition. If the unit shows external or internal damage, or does notoperate properly, contact the transportation company and file a damage claim.Under ICC regulations, this is your responsibility.WarrantyUnits have a warranty against defective parts and workmanship for one full yearfrom date of shipment. See back page for more details.NES-care ExtendedWarranty Contract• Extend parts and labor coverage for an additional year.• Worry-free operation.• Control service costs.• Eliminate the need to generate repair orders.• No unexpected repair costs.Other contract options are available. Please contact us for more information. After-sale SupportThermo NESLAB is committed to customer service both during and after thesale. If you have questions concerning the operation of your unit, contact ourSales Department. If your unit fails to operate properly, or if you have questionsconcerning spare parts or Service Contracts, contact our Customer ServiceDepartment. Before calling, please obtain the following information from theunit's serial number label:- BOM number_____________________________- Serial number_____________________________Section I SafetyWarningsMake sure you read and understand all instructions and safety precautionslisted in this manual before installing or operating your unit. If you have anyquestions concerning the operation of your unit or the information in thismanual, contact our Sales Department (see After-sale Support).Performance of installation, operation, or maintenance proceduresother than those described in this manual may result in a hazardoussituation and may void the manufacturer's warranty.Transport the unit with care. Sudden jolts or drops can damage therefrigeration lines.Observe all warning labels.Never remove warning labels.Never operate damaged equipment.Always turn off the unit and disconnect the line cord from the powersource before performing any service or maintenance procedures.Never operate equipment with damaged line cords.Refer service and repairs to a qualified Thermo NESLAB technician.IBC-4PBC-2PBC-75 -25°C to +40°C 12 x 1¾30.5 x 4.4139/16 x 8¼ x 11½34.4 x 20.9 x 29.214½ x 15 x 2136.8 x 38.1 x 53.316½ x 17¼ x 22½41.9 x 43.8 x 57.242191255715068400 at +20°C 1000 at +20°C 1550 at +20°C 42 x 1106.7 x 2.554 x 1¾137.2 x 4.454 x 1¾137.2 x 4.41. 60 Hertz units, reduce capacity 17% for 50 Hertz units. Specifications obtained in a 2 liter container using cooling fluid with specific heat of 0.5 at 20°C ambient. Specifications subject to change.43/8 x 211.1 x 5.17¾ x 1¾19.7 x 4.4Temperature RangeCooling Capacity 1WattsHoseDimensions(Length x Diameter)InchesCentimetersProbeDimensions(Length x Diameter)InchesCentimetersUnit Dimensions(H x W x D)InchesCentimetersWeightPoundsKilogram Section II General Information DescriptionThe Portable Bath Coolers are designed to provide a refrigeration source for sub-ambient work in liquid baths. The PBC Coolers use mechanical refrigera-tion systems with full hermetic refrigeration compressors. On all models an insulated coaxial hose assembly is used to carry refrigerant to the nickel plated bronze cooling probe.Section III InstallationSiteThe unit should be located in a laboratory or clean industrial environmentwhere ambient temperatures are inside the range of +55°F to +95°F (+13°Cto +35°C).Never place the unit in a location where excessive heat, moisture, orcorrosive materials are present.The unit has an air-cooled refrigeration system. The unit must be positioned sothe intake and discharge are not impeded. Inadequate ventilation will cause areduction in cooling capacity and, in extreme cases, compressor failure.Excessively dusty areas should be avoided and a periodic cleaning scheduleshould be instituted (see Section V, Cleaning).The unit will retain its full rated capacity in ambient temperatures up toapproximately +75°F (+24°C). Above +75°F, reduce the cooling capacity 1%for every 1°F above +75°F, up to a maximum ambient temperature of +95°F.In terms of Celsius, reduce the cooling capacity 1% for every 0.5°C above+24°C, up to a maximum ambient temperature of +35°C.ElectricalRequirementsRefer to the serial number label on the rear of the unit for the specificelectrical requirements of your unit.Ensure the voltage of the power source meets the specified voltage, ±10%.Make sure an adequate ground connection is provided.FluidsThe cooling probe is bronze with a nickel platting and should not be immersedin a bath fluid that will damage the probe. The selected fluid must have a vis-cosity of 50 centistokes or less at the lowest operating temperature.Never use flammable or corrosive fluids with this unit.Above +8°C, filtered tap water is the recommended fluid. Below +8°C, a non-freezing solution is required.Cooling ProbesPlace the cooling probe in the work area. For maximum cooling efficiency, theprobe should be fully immersed in the fluid and should be located asclose as possible to the agitator or stirrer motor (if so equipped).Figure A shows the preferred probe placement. Do not operate the probe asshown in Figure B for extended periods of time, doing so will damage the com-pressor.Care should be taken not to stretch or bend the probe beyond it limits.Bend the probe only at room temperatures. The bath coolers are notdesigned to cool hot fluids directly. The cooling probe should not besubjected to temperatures above 70°C.Figure A Figure BSection IV OperationOperationBefore starting the unit, double check all electrical connections and makesure the cooling probe is properly immersed in the work area.The IBC-4 is operated by a single power switch and one cooling rate. A greenlight on the switch indicates power to the unit.The PBC-2 and the PBC-75 have two switches, one for power to the compres-sor and the other for selection to two cooling rates. The position marked "MAX"is for maximum cooling capacity down to approximately 0°C. The positionmarked "MIN" is for operating below 0°C and for maintaining temperature con-stancy in baths with low heat loads. The red indicator light in the switch is onin the "MAX" position and off in the "MIN" position.When the unit is shut off, wait approximately ten minutes before restarting.This allows time for the refrigeration pressures to equalize. If the pressures arenot allowed to equalize, the compressor will short-cycle (clicking sound) andno cooling will occur.TemperatureAdjustmentOnce the bath cooler is switched on and is in full operation, it will reduce thetemperature of the heat transfer fluid to the lowest achievable under existingload conditions. If temperature control is desired, a Cryotrol Temperature Con-troller is required. Refer to the Cryotrol Temperature Controller Instruction andOperation Manual for installation and operation instructions.When maximum efficiency and temperature uniformity under load is desired,the vessel will show some temperature layering with the coldest, most densezone at the bottom. We suggest that a small slow speed stirrer be used foragitation. This is extremely important when the cooler and Cryotrol are used.Older Cryotrols are equipped with a round 8 pin connector. If you wish toconnect your older Cryotrol unit to the bath cooler, an adapter cable is avail-able from Thermo NESLAB. Contact our Customer Service Department formore information (see Preface, After-Sale Support).Section V MaintenanceService ContractsThermo NESLAB offers on-site Service Contracts that are designed to provideextended life and minimal downtime for your unit. For more information,contact our Customer Service Department (see Preface, After-sale Support).CleaningFor proper operation, the unit needs to pull substantial amounts of airthrough the condenser. A build up of dust or debris on the fins of the condenserwill lead to a loss of cooling capacity.Periodic vacuuming of the condenser fins is necessary. The frequency ofcleaning depends on the operating environment. After initial installation werecommend a monthly visual inspection of the condenser. After severalmonths, the cleaning frequency will be established.Cooling FluidThe cooling fluid in the work area should be periodically replaced when operat-ing at low temperatures. At low temperatures, the cooling fluid may collectwater vapor from the air. As the concentration of water in the cooling fluidincreases, performance is adversely affected.Section VI TroubleshootingChecklistUnit will not start.Make sure the voltage of the power source meets the specified voltage,.±10%. Refer to the serial number label on the rear of the unit for the specificelectrical requirements of your unit.Loss of cooling capacity.Make sure the heat load in the work area is not greater than the coolingcapacity of the unit. Refer to Section II, Specifications to review the coolingcapacity specifications.Check for ice build up on the cooling probe. A layer of ice will act as insulationand reduce the cooling capacity. Ice build up is often an indication that thecooling fluid needs replacing. Defrost the cooling probe and change the coolingfluid.When the unit is shut off, wait approximately ten minutes before restarting.This allows time for the refrigeration pressures to equalize. If the pressuresare not allowed to equalize, the compressor will short-cycle.Service AssistanceIf, after following these troubleshooting steps, your unit fails to operateproperly, contact our Service Department for assistance (see Preface,After-sale Support). Before calling, please obtain the following information:Part numberSerial numberVoltage of unitVoltage of power sourceTechnical SupportOur Service Department can provide you with a complete list of spare partsfor your unit (see Preface, After-sale Support). Before calling, please obtainthe following information:Part numberSerial numberWARRANTYThermo NESLAB Instruments, Inc. warrants for 12 months from date of shipment any Thermo NESLAB unit according to the following terms.Any part of the unit manufactured or supplied by Thermo NESLAB and found in the reasonable judgment of Thermo NESLAB to be defective in material or workmanship will be repaired at an authorized Thermo NESLAB Repair Depot without charge for parts or labor. The unit, including any defective part must be returned to an authorized Thermo NESLAB Repair Depot within the warranty period. The expense of returning the unit to the authorized Thermo NESLAB Repair Depot for warranty service will be paid for by the buyer. Thermo NESLAB’s responsibility in respect to warranty claims is limited to performing the required repairs or replacements, and no claim of breach of warranty shall be cause for cancellation or recision of the contract of sales of any unit.With respect to units that qualify for field service repairs, Thermo NESLAB’s responsibility is limited to the component parts necessary for the repair and the labor that is required on site to perform the repair. Any travel labor or mileage charges are the financial responsibility of the buyer.The buyer shall be responsible for any evaluation or warranty service call (including labor charges) if no defects are found with the Thermo NESLAB product.This warranty does not cover any unit that has been subject to misuse, neglect, or accident. This warranty does not apply to any damage to the unit that is the result of improper installation or maintenance, or to any unit that has been operated or maintained in any way contrary to the operating or maintenance instructions specified in Thermo NESLAB’s Instruction and Operation Manual. This warranty does not cover any unit that has been altered or modified so as to change its intended use.In addition, this warranty does not extend to repairs made by the use of parts, accessories, or fluids which are either incompatible with the unit or adversely affect its operation, performance, or durability.Thermo NESLAB reserves the right to change or improve the design of any unit without assuming any obligation to modify any unit previously manufactured.THE FOREGOING EXPRESS WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OR MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.Thermo NESLAB’S OBLIGATION UNDER THIS WARRANTY IS STRICTLY AND EXCLUSIVELY LIMITED TO THE REPAIR OR REPLACEMENT OF DEFECTIVE COMPONENT PARTS AND Thermo NESLAB DOES NOT ASSUME OR AUTHORIZE ANYONE TO ASSUME FOR IT ANY OTHER OBLIGATION.Thermo NESLAB ASSUMES NO RESPONSIBILITY FOR INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, OR OTHER DAMAGES INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OR DAMAGE TO PROPERTY, LOSS OF PROFITS OR REVENUE, LOSS OF THE UNIT, LOSS OF TIME, OR INCONVENIENCE.This warranty applies to units sold in the United States. Any units sold elsewhere are warranted by the affiliated marketing company of Thermo NESLAB Instruments, Inc. This warranty and all matters arising pursuant to it shall be governed by the law of the State of New Hampshire, United States. All legal actions brought in relation hereto shall be filed in the appropriate state or federal courts in New Hampshire, unless waived by Thermo NESLAB.。

(完整word版)铜铝复合散热器安装技术交底

铜铝复合散热器安装技术交底适用于灰铸铁长翼型、圆翼型、柱型和M132型散热；一、金旗舰施工准备；1、组对场地有水源、电源；2、铸铁散热片、托钩和卡子均巳除锈干净，并刷一遍；3、室内墙面和地面抹完；4、室内采暖干管、立管安装完毕，接往各散热器的支；高符合要求；5、散热器安装地点不得堆放施工材料或其他障碍物品；（二）材料要求；1、散热器(铸铁、钢制)：散热器的型号、规格、使；有产品质量合格证及适用于灰铸铁长翼型、圆翼型、柱型和M132型散热器组对与安装和钢制扁管型、板型、柱型和串片型散热器等的安装工程。

一、施工准备1、组对场地有水源、电源。

2、铸铁散热片、托钩和卡子均巳除锈干净，并刷一遍防锈漆。

3、室内墙面和地面抹完。

4、室内采暖干管、立管安装完毕，接往各散热器的支管预留管口的位置正确，标高符合要求。

5、散热器安装地点不得堆放施工材料或其他障碍物品。

（一）作业条件（二）材料要求1、散热器(铸铁、钢制)：散热器的型号、规格、使用压力必须符合设计要求，并有产品质量合格证及相关检验报告;散热器不得有砂眼、对口面凹凸不平、偏口、裂缝和上下口中心距不一致等现象。

翼型散热器翼片完好。

钢串片的翼片不得松动、卷曲、碰损。

钢制散热器应造型美观，丝扣端正，松紧适宜，油漆完好，整组炉片不翘楞。

2、散热器的组对零件：对丝、炉堵、炉补心、丝扣圆翼、法兰盘、弯头、弓形弯管、短丝、三通、弯头、油任、螺栓螺母应符合质量要求，无偏扣、方扣、乱丝、断扣。

丝扣端正，公紧适宜。

石棉橡胶垫以lmm厚为宜(不超过1.5mm厚)，并符合使用压力要求。

3、金旗舰散热器88/95其他材料：圆钢、拉条垫、托钩、固定卡、膨胀螺栓、钢管、冷风门、机油、铅油、麻线、防锈漆及水泥的选用应符合现行国家及行业标准。

（三）主要机具1、机具：台钻、手电钻、冲击钻、电动试压泵、砂轮锯、套丝机等。

2、工具：铸铁散热器组对架子，对丝钥匙、压力案子、管钳、铁刷子、锯条、手锤、活扳子、套丝扳、自制扳子、錾子、钢锯、丝锥、煨管器、手动试压泵、气焊工具、散热器运输车等。

2017.11建筑工程初步设计（2016版深度规定）

2017.11建筑⼯程初步设计（2016版深度规定）⽬录第1章总设计说明 (1)1.1项⽬概况 (1)1.2⼯程设计依据 (1)1.3⼯程建设的规模和设计范围 (2)1.4总指标 (3)1.5设计要点综述 (3)1.6提请在审批时需解决或确定的主要问题 (4)第2章总平⾯设计说明 (5)2.1设计依据及基础资料 (5)2.2场地概述 (5)2.3总平⾯布置 (5)2.4竖向设计 (6)2.5交通组织 (7)2.6主要经济技术指标 (7)2.7室外⼯程主要材料 (7)第3章建筑设计说明 (8)3.1设计依据 (8)3.2设计概述 (8)3.3建筑节能设计说明 (11)3.4绿⾊建筑设计说明 (11)第4章结构设计说明 (13)4.1⼯程概况 (13)4.2设计依据 (13)4.3建筑分类等级 (13)4.4主要荷载（作⽤）取值 (13)4.5上部结构设计 (14)4.6地基基础设计 (14)4.7结构分析 (14)4.8主要结构材料 (15)4.9绿⾊建筑 (15)第5章电⽓设计说明 (16)5.1设计依据 (16)5.2设计范围 (17)5.3变、配、发电系统 (17)5.4配电系统 (18)5.5照明系统 (18)5.6电⽓节能及环保措施 (19)5.7绿⾊建筑电⽓设计 (19)5.8防雷 (20)5.9接地及安全措施 (20)5.10电⽓消防 (20)5.11智能化设计 (23)第6章给排⽔及消防系统设计说明 (26) 6.1设计依据 (26)6.2⼯程概况 (26)6.3设计范围 (26)6.4设计内容 (26)6.5室外给⽔设计 (26)6.6室外排⽔设计 (27)6.7室内给⽔系统 (28)6.8室内排⽔设计 (28)6.9绿⾊建筑 (28)6.10节⽔节能措施 (29)6.11环境保护措施 (29)6.12卫⽣防疫措施 (29)6.13主要设备材料表 (29)6.14主要系统计算书 (30)第7章供暖通风与空⽓调节 (31)7.1设计依据 (31)7.2⼯程概况 (31)7.3设计范围 (31)7.4设计计算参数及设计标准 (31)7.5采暖系统 (31)7.6通风系统 (32)7.7防排烟系统 (32)7.8节能设计 (33)7.9绿⾊建筑设计 (33)7.10暖通空调主要设备表 (33)第8章热能动⼒ (34)8.1设计依据 (34)8.2设计范围 (34)8.3采暖热源 (34)8.4室外管⽹ (34)第9章环境保护设计专篇 (35)9.1环境保护依据 (35)9.2建设地点的环境要求 (35)9.3施⼯期间环境影响分析 (35)9.4项⽬运营期间主要污染源及其防治措施 (35) 9.5环境影响评价结论及建议 (35)第10章节能设计专篇 (36)10.1设计依据 (36)10.2建筑节能设计 (36)10.3电⽓节能设计 (36)10.4给排⽔节能设计 (36)10.5供暖通风与空⽓调节节能设计 (37)第11章绿⾊建筑设计专篇 (38)11.1设计依据 (38)11.2绿⾊设计的⽬标和定位 (38)11.3建筑专业绿⾊建筑设计 (38)11.4结构专业绿⾊建筑设计 (39)11.5电⽓专业绿⾊建筑设计 (40)11.6给排⽔专业绿⾊建筑设计 (41)11.7供暖通风与空⽓调节专业绿⾊建筑设计 (41)第12章消防设计专篇 (42)12.1设计依据 (42)12.2建筑消防设计 (42)12.3电⽓消防设计 (42)12.4给排⽔消防设计 (44)12.5暖通消防设计 (45)第13章概算及资⾦筹措 (46)13.1编制说明 (46)13.2投资概算 (46)13.3资⾦筹措 (46)第14章附件 (47)第1章总设计说明1.1项⽬概况1. 项⽬名称：宁夏职业技术学院现代农业综合实训中⼼2. 建设单位：宁夏职业技术学院3. 法⼈代表：4. 建设地点: 银川市西夏区⼤连西路以北，沈阳路以南，⽂萃北街以东，⾦波北街以西，宁夏职业技术学院新校区校园内。

Atlas Copco TCA55-215水冷机说明书

Hybrid Industrial Cooling Chiller TCA 55-215IntroductionHybrid Industrial Cooling ChillerTCAPlug’n’play solution for process cooling systemsAtlas Copco TCA55-215 series is a hybrid plug’n’play water chiller featured with a free-cooling section and adiabatic pre-cooling on inlet with cooling capacity from 55 to 228 kW (with patented adiabatic system).Atlas Copco TCA55-215A is designed for the highest level of energy efficiency and provides complete safety for your day-to-day operations. Reliable and robust, equipped with proved scroll compressors, air-cooled microchannel condensers and integrated hydro module, it provides easy and cost-effective installation and maintenance.Shell’n’tube evaporator achieves the highest level of reliability even in open hydro circuits for the various range of industrial processes and applications within desired cooling capacity and range of setpoints.Unique combination of features for your energy efficiencyThe components used in the manufacture of the chiller allow it to be used in a wide range of applications and industrial sectors. The use of a shell’n’tube evaporator makes it possible to effectively use this chiller with various types of processes in both closed and especially open hydraulic circuits. The list of possible segments includes, but is not limited to, mechanical engineering, all types of metalworking, food and beverages, pharmaceuticals, cement industry, chemistry and petrochemistry, oil and gas industry, cooling of data centers and telecommunication hubs, plastic production of all types. Variety of industrial applicationsAtlas Copco TCA55-215A (-F, -D, -P) is a unique solution for this cooling capacity range providing free-cooling section and adiabatic system in one plug’n’play package.All configurations can have built-in hydrocurcuit with buffer atmospheric tank and single or double (work/ stand-by) pumps with a wide range of working pressures (1, 3, 5 bar).For indoor and outdoor installationThanks to the use of the necessary reliable components with IP54 protection, TCA55-215 series chillers can be installed both indoors and outdoors. This allows you to save internal space, optimize the distribution of cooling water and also permit to work with cold winter air temperature to gain efficiency for your chiller using free-cooling coils.Industry-standard level of efficiency and lower cost withphase-cut regulation (std for TCA-A)Premium efficiency level with EC brushless fans to ideally meet partial loads for your industrial application. Standard for TCA-AF, -AD, -P versions and optional for TCA-A version.Proven algorithms provide operational efficiency for the whole range.You can always track machine status and working parameters using Atlas Copco Smartlink connection. Built-in set of safety options like phase sequence relay provides ultimate protection and reduced risk of malfunction.Speed-Regulated Axial Fans Elektronikon MarkV Touch withSmartlinkTCAImmune to galvanic corrosion.Light-weighted with a high rate of heat transfer. Provides lower cost of maintenance with reduced refrigerant charge.Saves up to 40% of the chillers energy compared to non-free cooling units.Integrated solution for easy installation and smaller footprint.Optimal balance between clogging-free water flow, heat transfer and life-cycle cost with this tube-fin free-cooling heat exchanger.Total free-cooling starting from deltaT of 5,5 degrees with the set-point of 15 degrees.Closed atmospheric for a wide range of applications. Protected continuous operation with a set of onboard safety devices.Twin refrigerant circuit for redundancy.Electronic expansion valve (EEV) as standard option for highest energy efficiency, flexibility and time saving during maintenance.Continuous uptime and perfect serviceability with the industry-standard scroll compressor.Option of low-noise jacket for sensitive applications.Vast range of configurations with maximum available pressures of 1, 3 or 5 bar to meet the variety of hydro circuitsStand-by pump with automatic switching available in all versions for operation with no interruptionImpellers made in 316L stainless steelIE3 efficiency motorPatented evaporative cooling system provides peak temperature safety during operation.Cooling capacity boost up to 17% for dry climatic conditions.Durable components in stainless-steel.Strainer and water hammer arrestor on inlet as standard. Easy installation with one point of connection.Vaste range of connections to meet your needs: BSP and NPT tread, UNI or ASME flanges.Easy and fast connection for manual or automatic cooling circuit filling and adiabatic system with 1/2 inch female tread.Manual (std) evaporator bypass to prevent chiller from interrupted process water circulation.Can withstand long-term temperature loadsIdeal balance between oil return, heat transfer rate and energy efficiency with two-pass heat exchanger for your cooling process.Robust and reliable for any type of industrial application. Well-suitable for open circuit.Microchannel Condensers with Epoxy CoatingFree-Cooling CoilsInsulated On-board Water Tank Refrigerant circuit with Hermetic Scroll Compressors Pumps with stainless-steel impeller Adiabatic System PadsHydro ConnectionsShell-n-Tube Evaporator5TCAWhen operating in ambient temperatures higher than the set-point, the TCA55-215 chiller works as an ordinary chiller. The hot inlet water flow goes through the motorized valve directly to the evaporator.After passing the evaporator, the water flow goes into a water tank with a set of safety devices. It then flows to a pump group, which consists of one or two pumps with outlet pressure versions of 1, 3 or 5 bar bringing cooled water to the application.When the ambient air temperature drops to a lower temperature, the motorized valve allows the inlet water flow water to run through the free cooling system. This is more energy efficient by using the lower ambient air temperature to cool the water in the system by running it through the tube-fin heat exchanger.When the ambient temperature, registered by an external temperature sensor, goes even lower, the motorized valve continues to lead the whole inlet flow to the free-cooling heat exchanger, therefore the heat-transfer goes in a total free-cooling mode.When the chiller operates using only the mechanical energy of the compressors, the water goes through the motorized valve directly to the evaporator where its temperature is lowered to the desired set-point thanks to the work of the refrigerant circuit.When the ambient temperature comes closer to the set-point, the chiller starts to work in a partial free-cooling mode. The refrigerant circuit operates with a lowered load based on the water temperature in the tank, to prevent negative impact on the outlet water temperature.In total free-cooling mode, the compressors are fully stopped, thus working with a built-in free cooling module that allows the TCA55-215AF, -AP to take advantage of the low outdoor air temperatures in the water-cooling process to save energy by avoiding compressors running. This significantly increases the compressor life as well.The air inlet is situated on the side surfaces of the chiller and goes through the free-cooling coils and the microchannel condensers. On top of the machine are two speed-regulated axial fans that create an air flow which fully reveal their efficiency, especially during partial loads. When in free-cooling mode the ambient temperature alone is enough to decrease the water temperature to the desired set-point. When this happens, the speed-regulated axial fans are the only consumer of electrical energy, that’s why a free-cooling chiller shows its highest efficiency saving energy used by compressors.Our standard air-cooled chiller has a reduced performance when the ambient temperature rises. Therefore, a chiller must be sized using peak temperatures for the region where it should be installed. Also, a maximum cooling capacity specific for the application should be taken as an input for calculations. This leads to a higher initial cost as well as an energy consumption and larger footprint. However, 90% of the time the ambient temperature will be lower than a peak temperature.Our TCA-AD and TCA-AP variants offer a solution which allows to decrease inlet cooling air temperature moisturizing it with adiabatic panels situated on both sides of the chiller.Onle when needed, tap water goes into the adiabatic system through an inlet placed on the back side of a chiller together with other water connections and then it is injected on the adiabatic pads.The adiabatic function operates under control of our Elektronikon Mk5S Touch using a patented water consumption control system and control philosophy with the aim to reduce tap water consumption as much as possible without losing the set-point control.1.Water flow2.Refrigerant flow3.Air flow4.Adiabatic7TCA - ARobust industrial chillerSaves up to 40% of the chillers energy.TCA - AFIndustrial Chiller with Integrated Free-Cooling Peak temperature safety and cooling capacity boost up to 17% in dry climate conditions.TCA - ADIndustrial Chiller with Adiabatic Pre-CoolingTCAThis type of chiller is applicable for the cooling of a photovoltaic power station or a plastic machine, for a telecommunication rig and a chemical bath. In all cases the TCA55-215 will show its exceptional robustness and efficiency. But this type of free-cooling chiller can fully reveal its effectiveness using the outlet water temperature set-point higher than 12°С. Thus, energy savings can reach 40% of the total consumption.Wide range of applicationsThis graph is showing the difference between the energyconsumption of a free-cooling chiller versus non-free-cooling variant.Operating in free-cooling mode, only the speed-regulated fans are consuming energy, at the same time compressors – the main energy consumer for chiller - are working in a partial load mode or they are stopped. Therefore, the graph’s blue zone shows you’re the direct benefit form using free-cooling.A = Kw/h B = Degrees C 1 = Chiller2 = Free-cooling3 = Free-cooling savings zoneTotal power consumption vs. Temperatureduring the year9Free-cooling savingsAtlas Copco’s engineering team has many years of experience indesigning and calculating complex energy saving equipment.Based on estimations and prepared for different climatic zones, wecan state with confidence that the benefits from using an integratedfree-cooling TCA55-215 chiller can bring you up to 40% savings oftotal power consumption for a 5 year life-cycle cost.A = ElectricityB = Purchase costC = 39% Free cooling savingsTCAFeatures table TCA 55-215GeneralF-gas R407C GWP1774 IP grade IP54Installation Lifting with bars + ropes + sprader beam Standard Forklift Standard (only for TCA 55-65)Electrical400V/3ph 50Hz IEC Standard 460V/3ph 60Hz IEC (with electrical components UL marked)Standard 400V/3ph 60Hz UL 508A StandardControlController type Elektronikon MKVS 4,3 inch touch screen Standard Text on display in local language Standard Day and week scheduler Standard Service timer Standard Refrigerant High pressure transmitter (digital)Standard Refrigerant Low pressure transmitter (digital)Standard Automatic priority for compressors Standard Compressor direct on line starter (DOL)StandardSafetyPhase sequence motor direction Standard Thermal-magnetic circuit breakers protection on compressors, pump and fan Standard High pressure switch with manual reset Standard Flow switch - paddle type Standard Low pressure switch - with auto reset (with hysteresis)StandardLow pressure transmitter - with auto reset (hysteresis)Standard Winter protection: auto-on of the pump with low ambient temperature (softwarefunction)Standard Anti flood system (if automatic filling system included)StandardExpansion valve Electronic expansion valve (EEV)StandardCompressorScroll Standard Crankcase heater Standard Noise reduction jacket StandardSystem integrationRemote on/off StandardSingle free contact for all alarms StandardRemote setpoint + temperature transmission (4.20mA)OptionalModbus RTU - RS480AccessoryProfibus AccessoryProfinet Accessory11Features table TCA 55-215System integrationTCP Accessory Ethernet IP Accessory CANbus Accessory Remote control panel AccessoryConnectivity Smartlink connectivity includes modem (3D) and service license Standard Smartlink UPTIME license optionalFreecooling Aluminum fins copper tube cooling coil n/a Standard Three way valve (free cooling control)n/a StandardAdiabatic systemAdiabatic pads, controlled by patented philosophy n/a Standard n/a Standard Descaling inline filters for adiabatic water system (delivered loose)n/a Optional n/a OptionalHydronicsNo pump StandardPump 1P non-ferrousPump 3P non-ferrousPump 5P non-ferrousPump 1P non-ferrous + standby unitPump 3P non-ferrous + standby unitPump 5P non-ferrous + standby unitNo tank Standard Internal epoxy coated tank, externally painted and insulated, closed circuit Standard Hydro devices included: solenoid valve, water level sensor, city water line filter, safety relief valve(2,5 bar), venting valve, drainStandardManual filling systemAutomatic filling system (solenoid valve, tap water filter, MKVS controlled)External manual by-passWater pressure gauge (only if pump is included)Groover water connectionsFlanges EN 1092-1 type 13B/PN16 galvanized carbon steel (ex UNI 2254-67)Optional Flanges ASME/PN16 Galvanized carbon steel OptionalCounterflanges Optional Gas male threaded water connections = BSP (British Standard Pipe)OptionalNPT (only for TCA 55-65)Optional Water strainer (delivered loose, brass, 500 micron)OptionalFanAC variable speed fan (phase circuit controlled above -10°C)Standard n/a EC variable speed fan (brushless fan with integrated control, sutiable above -20°C ambient)Optional StandardCondenserCondenser (Microchannel) - with epoxy powder coating StandardCleanable condenser air filter (frame and mesh in aluminum)Standard Optional Standard OptionalEvaporator Shell and tubes heat exchanger StandardRefrigerant circuitSight glass Standard Liquid receiver Standard Filter dryer StandardPackaging Pallet and plastic wrap protection StandardWooden crate OptionalSea-worthy wooden box Optional TCATCA ACooling capacity (1) kW55.663.275.797.7119.0152.0187.0207.0 Total absorbed power (1) kW19.524.226.234.645.753.075.186.8 EER (1) 2.85 2.61 2.89 2.82 2.60 2.87 2.49 2.38 Cooling capacity (2) kW75.195.7107.9135.7171.5222.0267.0298.0 Total absorbed power (2) kW18.523.425.431.441.950.872.383.9 EER (2) 4.06 4.09 4.25 4.31 4.09 4.37 3.69 3.55TCA AFCooling capacity (1) kW54.060.972.294.1117.9149.9180.5204.8 Total absorbed power (1) kW20.124.427.336.648.654.476.487.4 EER (1) 2.68 2.50 2.64 2.57 2.42 2.75 2.36 2.34 Cooling capacity (2) kW74.093.6106.6132.2168.9217.6262.6293.4 Total absorbed power (2) kW18.523.625.031.142.051.170.685.1 EER (2) 4.01 3.97 4.27 5.25 4.02 4.25 3.72 3.45 Total Free cooling at (4) (°C)9.58.09.58.0 6.07.0 5.0 3.0 Total absorbed power (4) kW 6.6 6.69.99.99.99.99.99.9EER (4)11.214.210.813.417.122.026.529.6TCA ADCooling capacity (1) kW57.567.282.8108.4134.3166.7203.5228.8 Total absorbed power (1) kW17.422.723.531.639.645.764.473.6 EER (1) 3.30 2.96 3.53 3.43 3.39 3.65 3.16 3.11 Cooling capacity (2) kW78.697.5118.1147.8186.7232.0275.3332.9 Total absorbed power (2) kW16.222.222.428.938.542.963.977.2 EER (2) 4.84 4.40 5.28 5.12 4.85 5.41 4.31 4.1913TCA APCooling capacity (1) kW56.9866.2278.77101.97125.05162.12200.49226.15 Total absorbed power (1) kW17.8823.1323.6030.8538.9047.4266.1576.31 EER (1) 3.19 2.86 3.34 3.30 3.22 3.42 3.03 2.96 Cooling capacity (2) kW77.997.7111.3139.9177.2227.3275.0319.2 Total absorbed power (2) kW16.622.522.428.438.044.465.479.9 EER (2) 4.70 4.34 4.97 4.93 4.66 5.12 4.21 4.00TCANotes15Atlas Copco AB(publ) SE-105 23 Stockholm, Sweden Phone: +46 8 743 80 00Reg. no: 556014-2720 2 9 3 5 0 7 7 4 0 0。

铜铝复合散热器规格整理

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材料名称铜铝复合散热器铜铝复合散热器铜铝复合散热器铜铝复合散热器铜铝复合散热器铜铝复合散热器铜铝复合散热器铜铝复合散热器铜铝复合散热器铜铝复合散热器铜铝复合散热器铜铝复合散热器铜铝复合散热器铜铝复合散热器铜铝复合散热器铜铝复合散热器铜铝复合散热器铜铝复合散热器铜铝复合散热器铜铝复合散热器铜铝复合散热器铜铝复合散热器铜铝复合散热器铜铝复合散热器铜铝复合散热器铜铝复合散热器铜铝复合散热器铜铝复合散热器铜铝复合散热器铜铝复合散热器铜铝复合散热器铜铝复合散热器铜铝复合散热器铜铝复合散热器铜铝复合散热器铜铝复合散热器铜铝复合散热器铜铝复合散热器铜铝复合散热器铜铝复合散热器铜铝复合散热器铜铝复合散热器铜铝复合散热器铜铝复合散热器铜铝复合散热器铜铝复合散热器铜铝复合散热器铜铝复合散热器铜铝复合散热器铜铝复合散热器铜铝复合散热器

铜铝复合散热器散热量编制说明

目录圣春牌铜铝复合散热器散热量选用手册编制说明 (Ⅰ)散热器β1、β2、β3、β4修正系数 (Ⅱ)产品安装说明 (Ⅲ)铜铝复合散热器型号SCTLZY8-7.5/X-1.0-Ⅰ系列传热系数表 (1)铜铝复合散热器型号SCTLZY8-7.5/X-1.0-Ⅰ系列散热量表.............................................................................................2-17 铜铝复合散热器型号SCTLZY8-6/X-1.0-Ⅱ系列传热系数表 (18)铜铝复合散热器型号SCTLZY8-6/X-1.0-Ⅱ系列散热量表.............................................................................................19-34 铜铝复合散热器型号SCTLZY9-10/X-1.0-Ⅲ系列传热系数表 (35)铜铝复合散热器型号SCTLZY9-10/X-1.0-Ⅲ系列散热量表.............................................................................................36-51 铜铝复合散热器型号SCTLZY6-9/X-1.0-Ⅴ系列传热系数表 (52)铜铝复合散热器型号SCTLZY6-9/X-1.0-Ⅴ系列散热量表.............................................................................................53-68 铜铝复合散热器型号SCTLZY8-5/X-1.0-Ⅵ系列传热系数表 (69)铜铝复合散热器型号SCTLZY8-5/X-1.0-Ⅵ系列散热量表.............................................................................................70-85 铜铝复合散热器型号SCTLZY5-10/X-1.0-Ⅶ系列传热系数表 (86)铜铝复合散热器型号SCTLZY5-10/X-1.0-Ⅶ系列散热量表..........................................................................................87-102 铜铝复合散热器型号SCTLZY6-7/X-1.0-Ⅷ系列传热系数表 (103)铜铝复合散热器型号SCTLZY6-7/X-1.0-Ⅷ系列散热量表..........................................................................................104-119 全铜卫浴型散热器散热量表 (120)圣春牌铜铝复合散热器散热量选用手册编制说明随着采暖散热器行业的快速发展，其制造工艺和产品质量得到逐步提高，各种形式材料的散热器更是层出不穷，尤其是近几年来为了响应建设部提出的“积极开发体形紧凑、美观、轻型、节能的散热器，注重开发实用功能和装饰性强的散热器……”等新政策、新要求、新产品的开发已提高到同行业的议事日程。

CPU风扇转速多少正常

CPU风扇转速多少正常2022-1-911:10提问者：某wl9377|浏览次数：12524次我的cpu温度是39度，风扇每分钟才220转，从网上看人家都说2000转以上才正常，2022-1-911:13000玲珑0000|一级一般来说cpu的温度最好不要超过65度，65度（室温35度）以下是正常的。

如果cpu温度超过70度，那么长期使用可能会对cpu造成伤害；如果温度达到80度，那么cpu就非常危险了，所以我们应尽可能采用好的散热设备。

cpu风扇转速没有很确定的标准，但风扇噪音有规定不能超过50db。

所以一般来说，8、9cm直径的风扇转速保持在4000转/min 以下就可以了。

当然，如果风扇转速越快，那肯定散热越好，但是噪音也最大，所以我们要既能保证cpu很好地散热，也要让噪音降低，这时候就要购买比较好的散热器了，一般9cm风扇的铜铝结合散热器大约是50－60元。

这是Intel的cpu标准。

如果你用的是AMD的，散热要求可以低一些。

|评论2022-1-911:14chinajiapeng|一级1．市电电压不稳一般家用计算机的开关电源工作电压范围为170V－240V，当市电电压低于170V时，计算机就会自动重启或关机。

因为市电电压的波动我们有时感觉不到，所以就会误认为计算机莫名其妙的自动重启了。

解决方法：对于经常性供电不稳的地区，我们可以购置UPS电源或130－260V的宽幅开关电源来保证计算机稳定工作。

2．插排或电源插座的质量差，接触不良市面上的电源插排多数质量不好，内部的接点都是采用手工焊接，并且常采用酸性助焊剂，这样容易导致在以后的使用中焊点氧化引起断路或者火线和零线之间漏电。

因为手工焊接，同时因为采用的磷黄铜片弹性差，用不了多长时间就容易失去弹性，致使与主机或显示器的电源插头接触不良而产生较大的接触电阻，在长时间工作时就会大量发热而导致虚接，这时就会表现为主机重新启动或显示器黑屏闪烁.还有一个可能是我们家里使用的墙壁插座，多数墙壁插座的安装都不是使用专业人员，所以插座内部的接线非常的不标准，特别这些插座如果我们经常使用大功率的电暖器时就很容易导致内部发热氧化虚接而形成间歇性的断电，引起计算机重启或显示器眨眼现象。

阿尔法酷企业级系列水暖器（ES Geforce RTX 4090 Reference Design）

The Alphacool ES Copper/Carbon water cooler with backplate wasdeveloped for the Alphacool Enterprise Series. Due to the positioningof the connections, the hosing of the cooler in the server rack issignificantly simplified. The top of the cooler is made of carbon. Thismakes the water cooler lighter compared to Alphacool's Eisblocks withacetal or acrylic tops.•Fullcover water cooler •Chrome-plated copper bottom •Noble material mix of carbon & copper •Form factor 1.5UV. 1.012 // 11.2023Alphacool ES Geforce RTX 4090 Reference Design with BackplateAlphacool article number: 13395ATTENTION! INNO3D uses two different PCB layouts.Check the compatibility of the layout here: Layout CheckAttention: Unfortunately Inno3D is using two different PCB Layouts. Please check your serial number. If it looks like following, it is not compatible with our water blocks: 32-879-xxxx8xxxx- Inno3D GeForce RTX 4090 iCHILL Black, 24GB GDDR6X (C4090-246XX-18330005)- Inno3D GeForce RTX 4090 iCHILL Frostbite, 24GB GDDR6X (C4090-246XX-1833FB)- Inno3D GeForce RTX 4090 iCHILL X3, 24GB GDDR6X (C40903-246XX-1833VA47)- Inno3D GeForce RTX 4090 X3 OC, 24GB GDDR6X (N40903-246XX-18332989)- KFA² GeForce RTX 4090 SG (1-Click OC), 24GB GDDR6X (49NXM5MD6DSK)4x 8x8x1mm Thermal pad 2x 84x8x1mm Thermal pad 1x 15x15x1mm Thermal pad 2x 105x8x1mm Thermal pad 2x 50x15x1mm Thermal pad 1x 40x15x1mm Thermal pad 1x 45x45x3mm Thermal pad 1x 15x15x3mm Thermal pad 1x 8x40x3mm Thermal pad 2x 8x51x3mm Thermal pad 2x 8x100x3mm Thermal pad 5x M2x5 screws5x EVA washers1x M2x5 screw5x M2x11 screws1x PCI bracket1x Thermal grease1x Putty toolThe Alphacool ES Copper/Carbon water cooler with backplate was developed for the Alphacool Enterprise Series. Due to the positioning of the connections, the hosing of the cooler in the server rack is significantly simplified. The top of the cooler is made of carbon. This makes the water cooler lighter compared to Alphacool's Eisblocks with acetal or acrylic tops.This cooler is not 1U compatible!Important note: The RTX 4090 ES Reference cooler is not compatible with Nvidia's Geforce RTX 4090 Founders Edition.More performance!Alphacool manages to position the cooler as close as possible to the components to be cooled. For this purpose, the heat conducting pads used are reduced to a thickness of 1mm. The maximum possible reduction in the thickness of the copper block and the optimization of the water flow inside the cooler allow all important components such as GPU, voltage converters and VRAMs to be cooled by water much better and more effectively. All of this provides a significant increase in cooling performance.Chrome-plated copperThe cooler is made entirely of chrome-plated copper. A chrome plating is much harder than a nickel plating and therefore less sensitive to acids, scratches and damage. It completely eliminates the risk of chipping nickel plating. Additionally, chrome plating looks much more homogeneous and provides a shine that cannot be achieved by nickel plating. Chrome-plated coolers have previously only been used in the industrial sector in areas where extreme influences act on the coolers.Connections on the back?In order to save space in the width and height during installation, the water input and output have been moved to the back of the cooling block. This positioning of the connections makes hosing much easier. It enables easy integration of the G PU cooler into the water circuit even in the tightest server housings.Copper or aluminum?Alphacool uses only copper for all water-bearing parts. Copper has almost twice the thermal conductivity of aluminum and is therefore clearly the better choice of material for water cooling. The chrome-plated copper base is highly resistant to acid, which means that chipping of the chrome plating can be ruled out.Thermal paste & thermal padsThe included thermal paste is Alphacool's Subzero with a thermal conductivity of 16 W/mk. The electrically non-conductive thermal paste is particularly well suited for high contact pressures, but can still be perfectly applied due to its viscosity of 850000 TF. For the thermal pads, Alphacool uses soft pads that fit perfectly to the components to be cooled and are very durable. The 2mm and 3mm thick pads have a thermal conductivity of 3 W/mk. The 1mm thick pads can dissipate 7 W/mk of heat.Discreet appearanceThe matte carbon finish gives the cooler a noble appearance. This makes it additionally interesting for private users who want to do without aRGB lighting.Drawing。

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北京北京铜铝复合暖气片75/50
北京铜铝复合暖气片75/50特点、北京铜铝复合暖气片75/50工艺、北京铜铝复合暖气片75/50介绍、金旗舰暖气片北京铜铝复合暖气片75/50
-----金旗舰暖气片温暖家居倡导者
北京铜铝复合暖气片75/50特点
综合机械性能铝合金型材以其强度高、水密性及气密性好、导热好、外观精美、加工简便在我国建筑业被广泛应用。

尤其是其导热性好的优点近年来已被众多暖气片厂家重视。

综合机械性能铝合金型材以其强度高、水密性及气密性好、导热
好、外观精美、加工简便在我国建筑业被广泛应用。

尤其是其导热性好的优点近年来已被众多暖气片厂家重视。

采用先进的水压胀管、钻孔翻边技术，使之紧密结合、降低热阻、有效提高导热效率、不损伤内壁、焊接面积大、焊点牢固
适用于壁挂炉和集中供暖，出厂压力为 1.5Mpa，工作压力为0.8~1Mpa，尺寸及颜色均可定做
北京铜铝复合暖气片75/50工艺：
采用先进的液压涨管设备和工艺技术，使铝材和铜管复合致密均
匀，极大提高了散热效率。

彻底解决了因热胀冷缩引起的铜管与铝材脱落的技术难题，通过先进的内翻边技术设备，使立柱水道与主水道形成环抱式结合，增强了焊点的抗压能力，引进欧洲先进的静电喷塑流水线，采用高质量，环保型抗紫外线塑粉，喷涂稳定，暖气片表面受粉均匀，经260度高温烘烤，使暖气片表面达到瓷化效果，抗划伤，耐高温潮湿，能有效抵抗紫外线侵蚀，避免褪色现象产生，保证长期使用后依然亮丽如新。

该暖气片热媒流经的联箱管及散热管全部为紫铜管，抗腐蚀性强，无须做内防腐处理。

因此，它具有良好的抗碱性水腐蚀能力。

二、按造型工艺分类
1、柱式散热器（外形美观利于维护及卫生）
2、翅片式散热器（散热性能好，利于节能）
3、对流式散热器（充分的体现了空气力学与能量守恒的界限突破有利节能与散热）
4、造型工艺散热器（外形非常美观充分体现了现代家居装饰的统一及融入的理念）。